FAD 21 Aug-31-2022 Minutes

August 31 2022
FAD 2101
Professor: Sir Peewee
Start: 8:00 AM
Group 1
Pre-Historic Art
Lenizo | Sigue | Tangga-an
What is Prehistoric art?

Art forms that were created before cultures and complex forms
Gobekli Tepe
Art Monoliths are found here
Prehistoric art
Tools & Techniques used

Human & Animal Bones
Pigments (Ochre
Paleolithic Art
(Old Stone Age)
For art history's purposes Paleolithic Art refers to the Late Upper Paleolithic
period. This began roughly around 40,000 years ago and lasted
through
Key Characteristics
It seems a bit flippant to try to characterize the art from a period that
encompasses most of human history. Paleolithic art is intricately
bound to anthropological and archaeological studies that professionals have devoted
entire lives
Kinds of Upper Paleolithic Art

Portable Art
-necessarily small
-figurines or decorated objects
-carved from stone, bone, or antler
-modeled with clay
-formed like people or animals
-figurines (collective name of "Venus)
Stationary Art
-it didn't move
-examples are cave paintings
Europe Paleolithic Art

Wall Painting
-(Bison Painting, Cave of Altamira)
-(Lion drawings, Cauvet cave)
Engraving
-Ivory flutes
Decoration (on tools like batons & lamps)
-Mammoth Spear Thrower
Asian Paleolithic Art
Hand Stencils
-(Leang-Leang Prehistoric Site, Sulawesi)
Cave Painting
-(Babirusa (pig-deer) painting
North Africa
Australia
Rock Art Site
-(Gabarnmung cave, Aboriginal archaeological site)
Pictogram
-Zoomorphic pictogram on stone slab
(Apollo 11 Cave, Namibia)
Carving
Mesolithic Art
-Arose between the end of the Palaeolithic Ice Age (10,000 BC) and the beginning of
agriculture
-The "Middle Stone Age". Ushered a new approach to stone age art.
Characteristics of Mesolithic Art

Rock Art
-Due to the warmer climate, Mesolithic rock art is being moved from caves to open-
air sites such as sheer cliffs or sheer natural rock faces.
-Tendered to focus on people, generally groups of people, engaged in hunting
Examples:
-Pachmarhi Rock Art in Pachmarhi Hills, Central india (9000 BCE)
-Tadrart Acacus Paintings in Libya (9000 BCE)
Cave Painting
-Not all Mesolithic rock art and petroglyphs were
Sculpture
-The Mesolithic was also characterized by plastic arts, although the Paleolithic
fondness for the Venus figurines did not survive.
-Tended to produce mainly relief sculptures such as animal reliefs and
anthropomorphic figurines.
-Wood carving also became widespread
Examples:
-Gobekli Tepe, Low relief sculpture of a crocodile
-Shigir Idol, Middle Urals, Russia (7500 BCE)
Decorative Crafts
-As the number of Mesolithic settlements increased, so did the demand for personal
and domestic decorative arts.
-The ceramic art was also developed, particularly by the Jomon culture, the first
peak of Japanese art.
Jomon Pottery
Architecture and Megalithic Art

-The most important and defining archaeological discovery of the Mesolithic is in
the monumental temple complex of Gobekli Tepe.
-Gobekli Tepe contains the oldest art with stone structures, including numerous
reliefs of animals.
-A similar Mesolithic shrine was discovered at Nevali Cori, also in
-Gobekli Tepe in Anatolia Region, Turkey (9500 BCE)

-Nevari Coli in Sanliurfa
Neolithic Art
Apx. 10,000 - 3,000 BCE
-Described art and crafts created by societies who had left the semi-nomadic
lifestyle of hunting and gathering food in favor of farming and
animal husbandry.
-Aka. "New Stone Age"
Neolithic art served several functions, either related to:

-Food
-Farming
-Ritual
-Ornamentals
-Or other purposes related to Neolithic living.
Neolithic artwork consists mostly of:

-Pottery
-Terracotta sculptures
-Statuettes
-Adornments
-Engravings, and more
Neolithic Art
Ceramic art in the Near East

The Hassuna period (7,000
Pottery
Chalcolithic Pottery from Persia
5,000 - 3,500 BCE
-Ceramic pots ornamented with human, bird, plant or animal motifs.
Examples:
-Pottery Vessel Forth Millennium BC
-Storage jar decorated with mountain goats
Samarra and Halaf Plates from Iraq and Syria

-Ceramic ware decorated with figurative
Ornamentation and Portable Carvings

-A more static domestic existeence created a huge demand for aesthetic decoration
and embellishment.
-Neolithic culture wanted beauty.
-Neolithic culture was also noted for its stone carvings and ceramic sculpture.
Fine examples include:
Jiahu Carvings
Yellow River Valley, China 7,000 - 5,700 BC
-Tortoise shell carvings, and the 33 Jiahu flutes carved from the wing bones of
cranes, which are among the world's
oldest musical instruments.
Thinker of Cernavoda
5,000 BCE
-Extraordinary iconic figurative sculpture made during the Neolithic Hamangia
culture.
-Colored a dark brownish-red,
-Made out of terracotta; unglazed, clay-based ceramic.
Ram in a Thicket
2650 - 2550 BCE
-One of the greatest examples of Sumerian art from ancient Iraq.
-An identical pair of figurines, excavated from the city of Ur in ancient Iraq in
1928, by the renowned British
archaeologist Sir Leonard Woolley.
Megalithic Architecture
-As Neolithic settlements grew in size so did the need for rules and social norms.
-The gradual emergence of monumental religious architecture for shrines and tombs.
-The most famous examples of such works are the Egyptian Pyramids
Newgrange Megalithic Tomb

3300 - 2900 BCE
-One of the most famous Megalithic monuments in the world and the most famous site
of Neolithic art in Ireland.
-Sophisticated design and the insight it provides into the values and capabilities
of prehistoric Ireland.
Stonehenge
3100 - 1100 BCE
-The world's most famous individual example of megalithic art, the Neolithic stone
monument at Stonehenge is located
on Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, in England.
-Was built in stages over a period of about two thousand years.
Rock Art
-In Africa, Oceania and Australia, the Neolithic era is characterized by outdoor
rock art
Petroglyphs
-Created on a rock surface by scouring, scratching, engraving, chiseling, carving,
or any similar method.
Cave Painting
-Involves the application of color pigments on the walls, floors or ceilings of
ancient rock shelters.
Pictographs & Pectograms
-Describes an image, sign or symbol which is created in order to express idea or
information.
Burrup Peninsual Rock Art (30,000 BCE)

-One of the world's largest collections of petroglyphs dating from Paleolithic,
Mesolithic and Neolithic periods.
Bradshaw Paintings (15,500 BCE)

-Different styles of human-figure paintings (Tassel, Sash, Elegant Action Figures
and later Clothes Peg Figures) in the Kimberley area of
Australia, created throughout the Late Stone Age.
Catal Huyuk (Catalhoyuk)

Archaeological Site (7,500 - 5,700 BCE)
-Most extensive and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date.
-Located near the modern city of Konya in south central Turkey, it was inhabited
9000 years ago by up to 8000 people who lived together in a
large town.
Mehrgarh Archeological Site (7,000 - 2,500 BCE)
-Mehrgarh is a Neolithic archaeological site situated on the Kacchi Plain of
Balochistan in Pakistan.
-One of the oldest known centers of Neolithic farming and animal husbandry in South
Asia
Midterm will be a creative output
Mesopotamian Art
-the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent
-attracted settlers from many different areas.
"meso" = middle
"tamia" = river
-Brief history-
Sumerian Period (c. 4500 - 2270 BCE)

In the Sumerian city of Uruk, a writing system had developed. At first, it
consisted of pictographic signs inscribed on small clay tablet
sand then of more stylized
THey formed agricultural communities with markets that eventually grew into towns
built around high temples. Temples served as centers of
both spiritual and community life.
Ziggurat
It is a stepped mountain made of brick
Votive Figures
Status from Abu Temple, Tel Asmarc
hieratic scale
-If something is shown above everything else it is important
Sculptures characterized by large circular eyes
Warka Vase (From Uruk)

It was in the temple dedicated to the Sumerian goddess called Inanna. She presided
over beauty, sex, love, justice and war. The Sumerian
carvings are done as relief carvings
"STANDARD OF UR"
2700 B.C.
Mosaic Decorated with shell and lapis lazuli
Bull-headed Lyre Soundbox, Ur, Iraq C. 2685 BC. 5'5" TALL
Akkadian Period (2270 to 2154 BCE)

-Akkadians are Semitic people who live in the north and west of the Sumerians.
These people were eager to add to the Sumerian Territory.
-By 2340 BC, an Akkadian king had succeeded in establishing
Mask of Sargon of Akka (2270 - 2215 BCE)
Victory Stele of King Naram-sin

-A stele is an upright stone slab or pillar used a memorial, monument, or something
similar and containing an inscription or design.
-It is around eight feet high and full of dynamic action.
Neo-Sumerian Civilization (2112-2004 bce)
-Also known as, "Ur III" period
-Best documented
Ur-Nammu
Utu-hegal's brother, succeeded him as king and founded the Ur III Dynasty
Statue of Gudea (2090 B.C.E.)

"Gudea, the man who built the temple; may his life be long."
Unlike the art of the Akkadian period, which was characterized by dynamic
naturalism, the works
Leonard Woolley recovered the body of Queen Puabi
The Great Ziggurat (Most distinct)

Nanna moon god
The fall of neo-sumerian civilization
Shulgi was named as a god in many ancient document
Building activities:
Eridu
Uruk
Nippur
Babylonian Civilization
Ancient Babylon: Center of Mesopotamian Civilization
The city of Babylon lay on the River Euphrates in southern Mesopotamia, in what is
today Iraq
Ishtar Gate
Assyrian Civilization (2600 - 609 BCE)

The rise and fall of Assyrian civilization
The First Rise

King Shamshi-Adad
The Second Rise

King Tiglath-Pileser III
The Neo-Assyrian Empire (744 BC to 612 BC)

-Strongest of the Assyrian Empires
>Tiglath-Pileser III
>Sargon II
>Sennacherib
Fearsome army
deadly chariots and their iron weapons
Library of Ashurbanipal (668-c. 630 BC)

Ashurbanipal collected clay tablets from all over Mesopotamia.
According to the British Museum in London, just over 30,000 tablets have been
Persian Period (3500 - 1700 BCE)

The term "Persia" derives from a region of southern Iran previously known as
Persis, or Parsa, which itself was the name of an
Indo-European
Persepolis included a massive columned hall used for receptions by the Kings
Naturalism
Much of the Mesopotamian art relied on naturalism: the realistic depiction of
objects in a natural setting.
After class upload your powerpoints to discussions
1916 D.W. Griffith - "Intolerance" (Babylon 539 B.C. Sequence Highlights)

Good copy (creds ni tristan): https://hdtoday.cc/watch-movie/watch-the-birth-of-a-
nation-full-12555.5356999
Adjourned: 10:20 AM

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August 31 2022

Professor: Sir Peewee

What is Prehistoric art?

Tools & Techniques used

Kinds of Upper Paleolithic Art

Europe Paleolithic Art

Characteristics of Mesolithic Art

Architecture and Megalithic Art

-Gobekli Tepe in Anatolia Region, Turkey (9500 BCE)

Neolithic art served several functions, either related to:

Neolithic artwork consists mostly of:

Ceramic art in the Near East

Samarra and Halaf Plates from Iraq and Syria

Ornamentation and Portable Carvings

Newgrange Megalithic Tomb

Burrup Peninsual Rock Art (30,000 BCE)

Bradshaw Paintings (15,500 BCE)

Catal Huyuk (Catalhoyuk)

Midterm will be a creative output

Sumerian Period (c. 4500 - 2270 BCE)

Sculptures characterized by large circular eyes

Warka Vase (From Uruk)

Bull-headed Lyre Soundbox, Ur, Iraq C. 2685 BC. 5'5" TALL

Akkadian Period (2270 to 2154 BCE)

Mask of Sargon of Akka (2270 - 2215 BCE)

Victory Stele of King Naram-sin

Statue of Gudea (2090 B.C.E.)

Leonard Woolley recovered the body of Queen Puabi

The Great Ziggurat (Most distinct)

The fall of neo-sumerian civilization

Shulgi was named as a god in many ancient document

Assyrian Civilization (2600 - 609 BCE)

The First Rise

The Second Rise

The Neo-Assyrian Empire (744 BC to 612 BC)

Library of Ashurbanipal (668-c. 630 BC)

Persian Period (3500 - 1700 BCE)

After class upload your powerpoints to discussions

1916 D.W. Griffith - "Intolerance" (Babylon 539 B.C. Sequence Highlights)

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