Introduction To World Art and Culture 2

Introduction to World Art and
Culture
Prehistoric art
• Prehistoric Culture
• The longest phase of Stone Age culture - known as the Paleolithic period
- is a hunter-gatherer culture which is usually divided into three parts:
(1) Lower Paleolithic (2,500,000-200,000 BCE)
(2) Middle Paleolithic (200,000-40,000 BCE)
(3) Upper Paleolithic (40,000-10,000 BCE).
• After this comes a transitional phase called the Mesolithic period
(sometimes known as epipaleolithic), ending with the spread of
agriculture, followed by the Neolithic period (the New Stone Age) which
witnessed the establishment of permanent settlements. The Stone Age
ends as stone tools become superceded by the new products of bronze
and iron metallurgy, and is followed by the Bronze Age and Iron Age.
In the history of art, prehistoric art is considered to be all art
produced during preliterate, prehistorical cultures.
Archaeologists have identified 4 basic types of Stone Age art, as
follows:
• Petroglyphs (cupules, rock carvings and engravings)
• Pictographs (pictorial imagery, ideomorphs, ideograms or
symbols), a category that includes cave paintings and drawing
• Prehistoric Sculpture (including small totemic statuettes known
as Venus Figurines, various forms of zoomorphic and
therianthropic ivory carving and relief sculptures);
• Megalithic art(petroforms or any other works associated with
arrangements of stones).
Australopithecus
afarensis Paranthropus robustus
Homo Habilis
Neanderthalensis
Homo rudolfensis
Homo Erectus
Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh
The caves of Bhimbetka were discovered in 1957-58 by archaeologist
from Vikram University, Ujjain, Dr. Vishnu Wakankar
Considered as World’s oldest art.
Cupule and meander petroglyph
on a boulder at the Auditorium
Cave, Bhimbetka, Madhya
Pradesh, India
(c.290,000-700,000 BCE).
Rock Art from Bhimbetka - 7000
BCE
Created over 250,000 years
after the first petroglyphs and
cupules were produced at the
Auditorium Cave.
Depiction of animals and humans, Zoo Rock, Bhimbetka
Mythical Boar, Bhoranwali, Bhimbetka
Rows of Cow
Dancers
Head Hunters
Cupule
Cup-marks or cupules at Peja
Cup-marks on a rock in Narola village,
Islamabad
Daraki-Chattan Cave, India
Venuses of Tan-Tan
A work of Art?
A natural geological processes ?

Venus of Willendorf, Austria
Venus of Morvany, Slovakia, Cental Europe
Altamira
Bison in the Great hall of polychromes
Modern Interpretation of Bison of Altamira
This Bradshaw rock painting from Australia shows tasseled
costumed figures in various poses or actions .

A 16,000 year old masterwork from the Lascaux cave in France
Indus valley Civilization
The Dancing Girl
• Sir John Marshall reacted with surprise when he saw the famous Indus
bronze statuette of a slender-limbed dancing girl in Mohenjo-Daro:
• When I first saw them I found it difficult to believe that they were
prehistoric; they seemed to completely upset all established ideas
about early art, and culture. Modelling such as this was unknown in
the ancient world up to the Hellenistic age of Greece, and I thought,
therefore, that some mistake must surely have been made; that these
figures had found their way into levels some 3000 years older than
those to which they properly belonged .... Now, in these statuettes, it is
just this anatomical truth which is so startling; that makes us wonder
whether, in this all-important matter, Greek artistry could possibly have
been anticipated by the sculptors of a far-off age on the banks of the
Indus.
Greek Empire
Greek Art
Classical Greek Art
Bronze Sculpture either of Poseidon or Zeus

The Marathon Youth
Roman Empire
Roman- Realistic and Direct
(27 B.C.–393 A.D.)
• Detailed and unidealised

• The Severan Tondo: panel painting
of the Imperial Family (c.200 CE)
The Column of Marcus Aurelius.
(193 CE) Spiral relief sculpture on the Doric monument to
Emperor Marcus Aurelius, modelled on Trajan's Column.
Mummy portrait of a woman with a ringlet
hairstyle.
Egyptian Art
• Egyptian art was highly stylized and symbolic.
• Definite, neat clear and bold.
• It was created on papyrus through wood,
stone and painting.

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Introduction to World Art and

A natural geological processes ?

costumed figures in various poses or actions .

Bronze Sculpture either of Poseidon or Zeus

• Detailed and unidealised

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