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    Hydraulics Fluid Properties

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    Lhenie Jane Salamat
    The document discusses civil engineering hydraulics. It defines fluid mechanics as the study of fluid behavior relevant to engineers. Within fluid mechanics, hydraulics focuses specifically on liquids, which are of central importance to civil engineers for water services like supply, drainage, and flood control. The document goes on to define the key properties of fluids like density, viscosity, and surface tension, and outlines 12 practice problems.

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    Hydraulics Fluid Properties

    Uploaded by

    Lhenie Jane Salamat
    21 views18 pages
    The document discusses civil engineering hydraulics. It defines fluid mechanics as the study of fluid behavior relevant to engineers. Within fluid mechanics, hydraulics focuses specifically on liquids, which are of central importance to civil engineers for water services like supply, drainage, and flood control. The document goes on to define the key properties of fluids like density, viscosity, and surface tension, and outlines 12 practice problems.

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    HYDRAULICS-FLUID-PROPERTIES

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    The document discusses civil engineering hydraulics. It defines fluid mechanics as the study of fluid behavior relevant to engineers. Within fluid mechanics, hydraulics focuses specifically on liquids, which are of central importance to civil engineers for water services like supply, drainage, and flood control. The document goes on to define the key properties of fluids like density, viscosity, and surface tension, and outlines 12 practice problems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views18 pages

    Hydraulics Fluid Properties

    Uploaded by

    Lhenie Jane Salamat
    The document discusses civil engineering hydraulics. It defines fluid mechanics as the study of fluid behavior relevant to engineers. Within fluid mechanics, hydraulics focuses specifically on liquids, which are of central importance to civil engineers for water services like supply, drainage, and flood control. The document goes on to define the key properties of fluids like density, viscosity, and surface tension, and outlines 12 practice problems.

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    HYDRAULICS

    CENG 70
    Civil Engineering Hydraulics
    Fluid mechanics - is the general title given to the study of all
    aspects of the behaviour of fluids which are relevant to
    engineers. Within this very broad discipline, a number of
    subsections have developed. Of these subsections, hydraulics
    is the branch which concentrates on the study of liquids.
    Civil engineers are largely, though not exclusively, concerned
    with one liquid, namely water. The development of the
    industrial society rests largely on the ability of civil engineers
    to provide adequate water services, such as the supply of
    potable water, drainage, flood control, etc.
    Nature of Fluids
    A fluid is a substance which can readily flow, i.e., in which there can be a
    continuous relative motion between one particle and another. It is
    inelastic in shear and therefore continuously deforms under application of
    a shear force without the possibility of a return to its original disposition.
    Fluids are subdivided into the following:
    1. Liquids - which have a definite volume for a given mass, i.e., they cannot
    readily be altered (say, compressed) due to changes of temperature or
    pressure – if liquid is poured into a container, a clearly defined interface is
    established between the liquid and the atmosphere.
    2. Gases - They are generally exhibit no clear interface, will expand to fill
    any container and are readily compressible.
    Properties of Fluids
    1. Density -it is the ratio of mass of a given quantity of a substance to the
    volume occupied by that quantity and which by definition is mass/volume
    2. Specific weight- it is the ratio of weight of a given quantity of a substance
    to the volume occupied by that quantity. An alternative definition is that
    specific weight equals the product of density and gravitational
    acceleration. its units are N/m3
    3. Relative density (otherwise called ‘specific gravity’) – it is the ratio of the
    density of a substance to some standard density (usually the standard
    density is that of water at 4°C). It is a ratio and is therefore
    dimensionless
    4. Viscosity - it represents the susceptibility of a given fluid to shear
    deformation and is defined by the ratio of the applied shear stress to rate
    of shear strain. Its units may be expressed as either N s/m2 or kg/m s.
    Properties of Fluids
    5. Surface tension - it is the tensile force per unit length at the free surface
    of a liquid. The reason for the existence of this force arises from
    intermolecular attraction (Figure I.1a). In the body of the liquid, a molecule
    is surrounded by other molecules, and intermolecular forces are
    symmetrical and in equilibrium. At the surface of the liquid (Figure I.1b), a
    molecule has this force acting only through 180°. This imbalance of forces
    means that the molecules at the surface tend to be drawn together, and
    they act rather like a very thin membrane under tension. This causes a slight
    deformation at the surface of a liquid (the meniscus effect).
    Properties of Fluids
    Problem No.1
    Problem No.2
    Problem No.3
    Problem No. 4
    Problem No. 5
    Problem No. 6
    Problem No. 7
    Problem No. 8
    Problem No. 10
    Problem No. 11
    Problem No. 12
    SEATWORK No.1

    Problem No.1 Problem No.2

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