CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Anbessa City Bus Service Enterprise’s profile

The company began working after the invasion of fascist Italians regime with the authority of
Ministry of work by gathering the remaining vehicles in the city garage in 1943 G.C. The
company has launched its operation by giving service to Addis Ababa and provinces on 1951
G.C. as a share company and named as „‟ Ethiopian Vehicles Services SC‟‟. From 1952 to 1974
it was operated by shareholders, which included the government, the royal families, the
Ethiopian Orthodox Church and prominent merchants.

The transport service was launched by Ten Buses using four main routes with a tariff payment of
birr 0.15. It has strengthened its service from time and increased the number of buses to one
hundred sixty-three until 1966 and it had constructed an office building and a garage currently
known to be Lideta area.

On august 1974 G.C., the Enterprise was transferred to ownership under the supervision of the
Government. By the year 1976 G.C, it was transferred to the national road transport
corporation‟s public transport service, as main organizational unit. In the year 1981 G.C, in order
to strengthen the service of the enterprise, one hundred cross-country and fifty city buses were
purchased. The public transport service was dissolved and a newly organized, entity with the
name of public transport corporation started to administer of the company the present head office
of the enterprise known by the name “Anbessa Garage” which includes Yeka Depot was
launched in the year 1987 G.C. [2]

During the Dergue Regime, when private companies were nationalized, Anbessa fell under the
Ministry of Communication & Transport. This time, the number of buses grew to 205 and the
routes were expanded to 42. Today Anbesa city bus enterprise has around 850 busses, including
the 500 Bishoftu buses, which are assembled locally by Metals and engineering corporation and
also in 2019 puts a new modern automatic buses. A newly established military industrial
complex of the Ethiopia government it has included in its fleet more than 500 of these locally
assembled buses known as Bishoftu Buses, which began the town‟s name where the assembly
plant is located seventh of these buses are in Jimma.

Figure 1.1 historical background of ACBSE buses image flow

Today ACBSE provides a relatively affordable transportation service in and around Addis Ababa
The service of the enterprise have proven a remarkable surge during the past few decades this
time a fleet of eight hundred fifty buses are operating in a full day base covering four hundred
fifty routes within and fifty more routes around the city and in nearby town in Oromia.
1.2 Vision and Mission of the Enterprise
The Enterprise Vision and Mission to Operate in a new manner are the following:

1.2.1 Vision
 To be the leading and commendable African urban transport provider
 To see that the daily activities of the community are done in a sustainable and satisfactory
level.

1.2.2 Mission
 Providing modern, suitable, sustainable, and speedy urban transport service with an
affordable price to the enterprise beneficiary community

1.3 Vehicle ownership and management

The Anbessa city bus service enterprise is led by board committee of the company. However, the
board is appointed by the Federal public enterprises, supervisor authority and the chairman of the
enterprise is the Addis Ababa city manager as such Anbessa is subject to a strong level of
political direction particularly with regard to affordability of its services

1.4 The Main Services Of The Company

Anbessa City Bus Service Enterprise is the biggest transportation company in
Ethiopia especially, in Addis Ababa. The company gives almost all services for the
buses except spare part equipment‟s.

The main services given by the Anbessa City Bus Service Enterprise are as follows

 Overall bus Mechanical part maintenance.

 Engine problem maintenance.

 Gear box (manual transmission) maintenance.

 Breakdown body maintenance and rebuilding.

 Grinding old paint and change by a new one.

  Different lathe machine operation like grinding, facing, turning, boring,
cutting etc.

 Crankshaft grinding to the standard level by using lath machine.

 Replacement of spare parts, gaskets, seals, piston rings.

 Welding of different body parts and different broken spare parts by using
electric ARC Welding.

 Tire repairing service.

 Bus body washing for the company.

 Conducting Research and development activities.

 Conducting automotive capacity building training.

 Gives training and workshop for the new drivers.

1.5 Main Purpose For Establishment Of ACBSE

 To solve the problem of transportation in and around addis Ababa sub city
 Giving service for the customers with fair price.
 To engage within maintenance and over hauling of the buses.
 To manufacture spare parts of the buses.
 To engage in any other activities necessary for attainment of its purpose.

1.5.1 Customers
The customers ACBSE could be governmental or nongovernmental organizations which
include:-

 People of Addis Ababa and around Addis Ababa and also Jimma by transportation.
 Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation using service for their employers.
 Many insurance companies while an accident is occurred on their customers cars.
 Ethiopian Airlines for their service.
 World Vision‟s and other nongovernmental organizations for car maintenance.
1.6 Organizational Structure

As per the current structure of the Enterprise there are seven divisions and two services each of
them containing its sub sections

i. Divisions
 Operation Division
 Technical Division
 Service Researching, Designing and supervision Division
 Property purchasing and provision Division
 Finance and Human resource division
 Audit and inspection service
ii. Service
 Plan and data processing service
 Legal service

Figure 1.2 ACBSE organizational structure

In practical content, the organization found to have many bureaucratic chains. A service that
centers on addressing speedy and easy, changing the procedure that even channels minor
decisions to the highest hierarchical organ, thus is the current undergoing a BPR which enhances
customer centered fast and speedy service provision.
.

1.7 Major sectors of the enterprises

1.7.1 Operation and transport service

The enterprise is rendering the city transport service in three bigger depots, four terminals
sixteen posts, and more than one thousand four hundred prepared buses stations.

The depots are ;

Yeka
Shegole
Mekanissa
The above depots are organized as branch station and bus allocation and maintenance works,
petrol, provision store services etc. are undertaken. The branch office of Jimma is rendering
transport service to Jimma city and the surrounding by having eight buses, forty-two
workers and minor maintenance.

1.7.2 Technical service

In spite of the fact that, the total numbers of buses exit in the enterprise are 522, more than 60%
of them have finished 8 years of service. Currently the daily average number of Buses getting
service is on an average rate of 270 up to 290 for immediate maintenance and support.

Currently a most of the buses transports an average of 80 travelers per day and it renders nine
double tripe services per day. As per the new directive business process the number of travelers
reach about an average of 90 and future arrangement is to increase it to thirteen.

The Garage workshop is organized in a modern manner at the head office compound (Yeka
depot) have capacity to properly maintain and preparing the enterprise‟s buses. In addition, the
sector usually referred as central workshop has quality and efficiency to undergo external /
individual as well as companies / vehicle maintenance and this branch is accompanied by the
modern equipment and skilled work force on the field.
 Figure 1.3 Garage workshop

The following are the sequence of depot structure in the enterprise.

Under General Manager

 Mass transport operation core process

 Technical service core process
 Purchase and supply support process
 Financial support process
 Human resource support process
 And also has depot manager under the control of general manager.

Depot manager

o Transport sub process

o Maintenance version
o Supplies case team
o Financial case team
o Human resource case team
1.7.3 Anbassa City Bus Service Enterprise,
Depots Main Function
 Reducing time weighting
 Calculating mileage
 Clear and neat working atmosphere
 Considering area of parking
The formal bus operation in Addis Ababa city bus service enterprise maintains detailed record of
its passenger carrying on each of the all routes.

Table.1.1; route and buses distribution by sub city

Sub City Total routs Total bus

Kirkos 37 85

Arada 22 65

Addis ketema 29 82

Nifas silk 18 53

Ledeta 10 38

Yeka 13 40

Kolfe 19 55

Gerges 19 55

Bole 11 39

Akakikality 13 40

The routes and buses distribution of the enterprise gives a service for many people around the
city by nearest to the depots. The informal sector makes no attempt to collect passenger number
only being interested in the revenue that they generate.
Several study to improve urban transport carried out detailed loading survey at a limited number
of sites, from which it concluded that carryings on minibus and modified Taxis were roughly at
three quarter of the level of those on the larger buses. However, the average trip length on the
smaller vehicle is considered to be significantly less than for the buses and might therefore result
in passenger number being up to 50% more than on Anbesa.

The urban transport study attempted to estimate passenger number carried by the minibus and
modified taxis and came up with widely varying estimates for the number carried by each vehicle
ranging from 132-312.The situation in Addis Ababa is complicated by the authorized fares
structure. The number of minibuses and modified taxis actually operation in Addis Ababa has
been the subject of considerable conjecture, and there is no consistency in the source documents
however the transport authority has now introduced a new computerize registration system form
which it is possible to deduce that their combined number. The Anbessa city bus enterprises there
are four depots with different capacity those are used as a bus station. Depots situated in the
corner of four directions in city.

Table.1.2; capacity by depots

Depot DAF Rigid Articulate New rigid Double Total

decker

Yeka 60 72 68 58 20 278

Shegole 40 50 43 37 5 175

Mekanisa 17 32 8 32 0 89

Total 117 154 119 137 25 552

 CHAPTER TWO

DETAIL OF INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 Objectives of the Internship.

Internship program is a method of letting the students to assume themselves as

potentially responsible workman for a particular work by assigning them to actively

participate in production control as well as maintenance in industrial company. Such trends

help us to have valuable work experience. Internship programs are also potentially valuable to

the company. In this internship, we could observe what the outside industrial world look like

more than we knew when we were at university. When we were at university, we learned or

took many theoretically lessons even difficult to understand theoretically. So in this internship,

we will get good opportunity to solve these difficulties. Because those things which were

theoretically difficult to understand, were not hard to understand when we learned practically.

2.1.1 General Objective

The objective of the internship program is to facilitate reflection on experiences obtained in the

internship and to enhance understanding of academic materials by application in the internship

setting. The Internship will provide students the opportunity to test their interest in a

particular career before permanent commitments are decided.

2.1.2 Specific Objective

 Internship students will develop skills and techniques directly applicable to their

careers.
  Internships will provide students the opportunity to develop attitudes conductive to

effective interpersonal relationships

 Internships will provide students with an in-depth knowledge of the formal functional

activities of a participating organization.

 Internship programs will enhance advancement possibilities of graduates.

In general, an Internship program is thought of as a program which "bridges the gap"

between the academic environment and a future work environment. Many employers
prefer students who have previous work experience and the Internship provides the
experience. Students that participate in an Internship program are generally more
confident and more qualified when seeking future employment.

2.2. Summary of duties

This summary describes briefly about time, duration and types of duty we carried out during our
internship in the company. On our first day at ACBSE we took an internship orientation in the
company about its background, what we are expected to do and what we are not with some
useful advices were given to us.

Then after that MR. Girum the ACBSE MD lead foreman gave us some information about the
working sections and introduced us to the employees, placing us to our working area that was
also Mr. Girum‟s duty. So, he placed us to work in preventive meantenance shop . Since were
strange to things that were going on, we spent our first week observing and knowing parts and
tools they used in workshop. But the chief mechanic Mr. Temesgen by looking our good
intention to work, he gave us some tasks and asked us to help him with some works. In this
section we have been working on different types of vehicles services (P,A,B and C)
maintenance and repair.
 The tasks carried out in ACBSEPM were more like the same. Therefore, the tasks we have been
executing was not challenging us. Some of the tasks we have been executing were servicing,
checking and repairing clutch, tires, engine oil, transmission oil, differential oil, power steering
oil, fuel injector, spark plug, air cleaner, fuel pump and so on.

we also spent time in the engine overhaul shop. In this workshop engines, gear box, differential
parts are disassembled as to perform repair. In this work area most of the time we checked the
parts that makes the mechanism not to function properly (totally). Then we were told that the
damaged parts and the machine will undergo sometimes simple sometimes complicated repair
mechanism in the machine shop.

The last section we have been working on was the body shop. In the body shop we have seen
how they repair damaged and scratched vehicles using different methods and tools. The
technicians of the section also help us to grab enough knowledge and skills, Experiences.

2.2.1. Applying Automotive Workplace Safety

Fundamentals
Safety: - means protecting our selves and others from injury or any other accidents. These
accidents in the workplace are prevented by the following;

a. Working safely and avoiding horse play.

b. Follow the right work procedure.

The ways to learn and understand safety are;

a. Accidental experiences and

b. Safety education.

Accidental experiences: - are experiences which were caused by accidents. But, we can‟t
afford to learn safety through experiences. However, being safe can mean the difference between
life and death.
Safety education: - means knowing by learning safety before performing any task. This is a
method which makes us aware of dangerous situations to avoid accidents or injuries.

In general, there are three safety guide lines and called general workshop safety
procedures.

These are:-

 Personal safety,
 Tools and equipment safety and
 Work area safety

2.2.2. Methods and Tools, we have been using in

the workshops
As we were fresh to the working environment, we were supposed to know the tools and
methods used to execute different types of tasks. If someone has no idea about how to use
different tools and methods, he/she will be wasting time and also may damage parts.

2.2.2.1. Methods used

The methods that we have been using to cope with the tasks performed in different section
includes;

✓ Visual inspection during the task

✓ knowing & using different measuring instruments

✓ Proper material handling

✓ participating in each work tasks attentively




2.2.2.2. Tools used

We were using various tools according to the tasks we performed in different sections of the
company some the tools are given below in the figure:
 Open Wrenches
Sockets
Ratchets
screw drivers
Hammers(plasticmetal)
Hacksaws
Glass paper/sand pape

Grease and lubricate components compressor

Figure 2.1. Tools used in ASBEC

2.2.3. Section of the company we have been

working
Anbessa City Bus, Company has many sections of working area or work shop like: -

 maintenance shop,
 power brake,
 engine shop,
  body shop,
 electric shop and tire reparing shop,etc

2.2.4. Tasks we have been performing

On our first day at ACBSE we took an internship orientation in the company about the company
background what we are expected to do and not with some useful advices.

Then after that MR.Girum the ACBSEMD lead foreman gave us some information about the
working sections and introduce us to the technicians. Placing us to our working area was also
Mr. Girum duty. So, he assigned us to work in Preventive maintenance shop to work with the
senior technicians as an assistant technician. So we were working with the senior technicians to
repair and give service for ACB cars. The tasks we have been participating are described below.

2.2.3 Preventive maintenance shop

Preventive maintenance shop is a vital shop in ACBSE in which the buses are checked and fixed
periodically in each month. It is a set of activities performed on machinery, and systems before
the occurrence of a failure in order to protect them and to prevent or eliminate any degradation
in their operating conditions. But the vehicles are also maintained on such shop when they faced
problem while they travel. The main aim of preventive maintenance is to reduce failure
probabilities by maintaining such buses before failure or significant degradation has occurred.
When the mechanics observe problems are sustained on the vehicles during preventive checkup,
they fix it. . According to PMS rule there are four types of service. They are classified into
P,A,B and C service.

➢ Maintenance tasks we carried out during a vehicle service includes:

 Changing engine oil

 Replacing the oil filter

 Replace the air filter

 Replace fuel filter

 Check brake pads/liners, brake discs/drums, and replace if worn out

  Check and refill power stee ring fluid

 Check and refill automatic/manual transmission fluid

 Grease and lubricate components

 Check conditions of the tire

 Check Suspension

2.2.5.1. Changing oil

Motor oil is mainly used for lubrication in the internal combustion engine. Proper lubrication
decreases fuel consumption , wasted power and increases engine efficiency, reduce friction, help
to collect and remove debris within the engine and protect engine parts from corrosion and wear.

Oil should be changed every 12000 KM driven for cars. We can check oil level, whether it is
clear or dirty and its viscosity using oil dipstick. To check the oil property we should pull out the
dipstick and wipe it off with a clean cloth after doing this we put the dip stick back in. After 3-5
sec we will pull it out to check the oil level on the dipstick gauge whether it is low or full. If it‟s
too low or too dirty to read, then we should change the oil.

Figure 2.2 Checking and Changing engine oil

2.2.5.2. Changing oil filter
The oil filter helps to remove contaminants from the car engine‟s oil that can accumulate over
time as the oil keeps your engine clean. Clear motor oil is important because if the oil were left
unfiltered for a period of time, the debris could become tiny sediment later on the sediment
become hard particles that can wear surfaces in the engine and also close passage lines within the
engine. Therefore the Oil filter shoud be changed every 12000 km.

Figure 2.3 Oil filter

2.2.5.3 Checking fluid levels

One of the most critical elements for an automobile to function is fluid system. A car has
different fluid system for the various sub systems within it, when the fluids becomes dirty or
below the optimal level it can create serious side effects that will end up getting to replace
expensive parts. So it is important to be aware of different type of fluids and their functions.
Here are some most common car fluids and their typical uses:

 Brake fluid: - The brake fluid is solely encapsulated within the brake system of a car and
should not leak or become low. Therefore if we notice leaking brake fluid, we should go
to the nearest automotive shop for repair leaking brake fluid. If it is not fixed it is
dangerous and can lead to brake failure. Brake fluid can be checked during an oil change
and should be done so frequently as a preventive measure and safety precaution. Brake
 fluid absorbs moisture, which reduces its performance. For that reason, its best practice to
change brake fluid every two years.

 Coolant or radiator fluid:- coolant, radiator fluid or antifreeze, is what helps keep the
engine from overheating or freezing under extreme temperature or stress. When coolant
becomes low, the radiator is susceptible to damage as well as to other components of the
engine. Engine overheating is relatively easy to avoid, just keep the fluid full.

 Transmission fluid: Transmission fluid is a dark reddish and brownish liquid that is
responsible for gear shifting, and making the transmission smooth. If the transmission
fluid becomes full of debris (small particles), it can cause serious issues in the
transmission. Most manufacturers recommend replacing transmission fluid every 30,000
to 60,000 miles. The automatic transmission fluid (ATF) should be Changed sooner if it
gets dirty and if its level drops.
 Power steering fluid: - Allows a car to take turns smoothly and accurately. When the
power steering fluid becomes low or contaminated, it can be a major cause for suspension
failure. Along with brake fluid, power steering fluid should be checked during oil
changes.

2.2.5.4. Checking condition of the tire

A tire is a ring shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load
from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface over which
the wheel travels. Most tires, such as those for automobile and bicycle are pneumatically inflated
structures, which also provide a flexible cushion that absorbs shock as the tire rolls over rough
features on the surfaces.

2.2.5.5. Repair and replace worn parts such as brake pads and wheel bearing
Brake pads: Brake pads are key part of a vehicle‟s brake system which are placed between the
brake shoe that clamps down the wheel disk (decreasing the rotation of the wheel). Without
servicing the brake pads other related elements of the vehicle like discs, rotors, and caliper will
begin to wear away. The brake pad will wear down over time. This is done to protect the disc
brake from damage. Signs when the brake pad should be replaced:
1. Squealing or screeching noises:-the first indication any driver will notice is a squealing,
screeching, or whining noise when the brakes are engaged. This sound is caused by a small
metallic shim indicator that's embedded in the brake pad for just this purpose.

Figure 2.4 Brake pad

2. Less than a quarter inch of brake pad:-look through the tire spokes and see the brake pad, if
the pad is less than 1/4inch thick (about 3mm) then it should be replaced with the new one.

3. Indicator light:-some modern vehicles have an indicator light on the dash board that will
signal when it‟s time to replace the brake pads.

Wheel bearing: Wheel bearing is a set of steel balls held together by a metal ring called race. It
helps wheels spin fast with a little friction as possible. On cars, a wheel bearing rides on a metal
axle shafts and fits tightly inside the hub, which is a hollow chunk of metal at the center of the
wheel. Eventually, all wheel bearing wear out and will need to be replaced, assuming normal
service under typical driving condition. The newer, "hub-assembly" style bearing found on most
modern vehicles should last around 100,000 miles when maintained properly and we will chake
the bearing and change the grease .
 Figure 2.5 Wheel bearing

2.2.5.6. Changing fuel filter

The fuel filter screens dust and rust particles from the fuel, keeping them away from entering the
engine. Typically, the fuel filter is either located inside the fuel tank (in the opening of the fuel
line, which feeds gas to the cars). Fuel filter should be replaced after72,000km travel distance.

Figure 2.6 Fuel filter

2.2.5.9. cleaning and Changing air cleaner
The purpose of the engine air filter is to prevent dust, dirt and other environment contaminants
from getting in to the engine. Over time, the air filter becomes dirty and clogged, and so we
might need to replace it. But if it‟s not too dusty we can always clean it by using air pressure and
reuse it.

Figure 2.7 cleaning air filter and new air filter

2.2.2 Break down Shop

Break down shop is the vital workshop in which most damaged parts of the vehicle are retained.
When buses are subjected to some problems like; -

 shaking of the buses,

 consumption of much oil,
 lack of air for different tasks,
 attainment of maximum engine temperature,
 leakage of oil from the gear box,
 the bus doesn‟t able to move longer.

So, such buses need to be maintained in break down shop. Initially the mechanic checked which
part of the bus is damaged, then the damaged part is taken out and maintained or changed by new
part.
2.2.6. Engine shop
The engine shop has different working areas. E.g. engine maintenance, engine assembling and
disassembling, gear box disassembling and assembling and differential disassembling and
Assembling.
Engine block is a large casting of metal that is drilled with holes to allow for the passage of
Lubricants and coolant through the block and provide spaces the movement of mechanical parts.

Figure 2.8 Engine block

Cylinder head: - it fits on the engine block to close off and seal the top of the cylinders. The
Combustion chamber is an area in to which the air-fuel mixture is compressed and burned.

Figure 2.9 Cylinder head

Connecting rod: - the reciprocating of the pistons must be converted to rotary motion before
it can drive wheels of a vehicle. As the piston is pushed down on the power stroke, the
connecting Rod pushes on the crank shaft it to rotate.
 Figure 2.10 Connecting rod
Lubrication: - the moving parts of engine need constant lubrication; lubrication limits
the Amount of wear and reduces the amount of friction in the engine. Friction heat generated
when
Two objects rub against each other. Engine oil is the fluid used to lubricate and cool the engine.
Crank shaft: - is the main driven part of an engine, and its function is to reciprocate the piston
inside the cylinder by means of connected rod. But the crank shaft has high rotational speed. It
has oil holes used for lubrication.

Figure 2.11 Crank shaft

Camshaft: - its main function is opening and closing the valves, by adjusting time depending
on the rotation. The valve opening and closing time of interval are designed on the engine
timing chart. The operating time is determined by the position of the cam lobe.
 Figure 2.12 Camshaft of the vehicles

Cylinder head Gaskets: - are thin sheet materials used to assemble two metallic
components together. The main advantage of gasket is to protect the fluid or gas from losing or
spilling out of the circulation system. It also seals of the engine block.

Figure 2.13 Cylinder head Gasket

2.2.7. Gear box and Differential Gear Box

The gear box uses gears of various sizes to give the engine a mechanical advantage over
the driving wheels. Power from the engine is transferred through the engaged clutch disc to the
input shaft of the transmission. Gears change the torque and speed of this power input before
passing it on to other components in the drive train. Now a days there are three type of gear
box assembly: - Manual transmission system
Automatic transmission system
Dual clutch transmission system
Dual clutch transmission uses a combined gear efficiency of a manual with a shifting ease of an
automatic transmission. The first two (manual and automatic) transmission systems are usually
known and exist in every vehicle but the last one dual clutch transmission is often used here is
somedescriptionaboutit.

Figure2.14 Gear box

Differential
It is a member of automotive part it accept the power from the engine transmits to the last pinion
gear and it drives the wheel of the car by ring gear, in this case the gears rotate on its axis and the
car travel a straight direction. The main function of the differential gear is to rotate the wheel in
A curved path easily. The assembly includes: - pinion gear, ring gear, planetary gears and sun
gears.
2.2.8. clutch and flywheel
A. Clutch
Clutch is a device to connect driving and driven shafts of a machine, where the driven shaft
can be disconnected almost instantaneously from the driving shaft as desired by the operator
or driver. It is used to engage and disengage the power transmitted from the engine to the
transmission.

Figure 2.15 Clutch and pressure plate of the vehicles

B. Flywheel

The flywheel is a fairly large wheel that is connected to the crankshaft. (Stores K.E during
engine power stroke and release during idle strokes)


The clutch assembly is mounted to the flywheel, sandwiching the clutch disk in between.

provides a friction surface to the clutch

Figure 2.16 Flywheel of the cars

2.2.8 Machine shop

It is an important shop in ACBSE which helps to maintain several parts in order to make them
reused by the vehicle instead of converting these parts by new product. A number of machine-
like lathe machine, shaper machine, drilling machine, pressing machine comprises the machine
shop.

Figure 2.17 machine shope in ACBSE

i)Lathe machine

It is one of the most widely used machine with main function of removing metal from job to give
it the required shape and size the job is secure1y and rigid1y held in the chuck or in between
centers on the lathe machine and then turn it against a single point cutting tool which wi1l
remove meta1 from the job in the form of chips. Besides the simple turning operation as
described above, lathe can be used to carry out other also as taper turning, knurling cutting etc.

Figure 2.18 Lathe machine

In ACBSE some problems related to differential housing, king pin, flywheel etc. are maintained
using lathe machine. It maintains different parts using facing when problem occurred on
flywheel and king pin and by producing treaded rod in differential housing problems.

ii) Shaper machine

Shaper is a reciprocating type of machine tool in which the ram moves the cutting tool
backwards and forwards in a straight line. It is intended primarily to produce flat surfaces. These
surfaces may be horizontal, vertical, or inclined. In general, the shaper can produce any surface
composed of straight-line elements.

Head of hexagonal bolt, square cross-sectional parts, thrust washer are some of the parts
produced on shaper machine in ACBSE.

iii)Drilling machine

A drilling machine is a machine tool designed for drilling holes in metals by removing a volume
of metal from the job by cutting tool called drill. It is one of the most important and versatile
machine tools in a workshop. A drill is a rotary end-cutting tool with one or more cutting lips
and usually one or more flutes for the passage of chips and the admission of cutting fluid.
Most of the problems in ACBSE are not maintained in one machine. A number of problems
related with gear box, fly wheel, gear box housing are maintained on such machine in addition to
other machine like lathe.

iv)Pressing machine

It is a machine used to press the metal to fit it with another metal as desired by the operator. To
fit metals which is not achieved by human effort is done using such machine. Hydraulic power
operate such machines. We observe two pressing machines in ACBSE with different pressing
abilities and different tasks. The smaller one is used to disassemble the old clutch plate and brake
liner from the disc metal and then to assemble it with new part. The disc metal able to provide
additional functioning time by fitting it with new plate and liner.
2.3. Working experience

2.3.1. Procedures that we followed while

performing a task
To complete the tasks that we were given we have used many procedures according to each
tasks. These procedures are

❖ As safety comes first, we put on safety shoes and working suit

❖ Asking the senior technicians what we are going to do
❖ Read the job card and identify the problem
❖ Prepare the required equipment
❖ Work with the technicians to fix the problem which is written on the job card

2.3.2. How good we have been in performing a

specified task
During those months of internship program we have interlinked our knowledge that we have
learned in theory with practical ones. And we have checked our performance level regarding on
how to solve a problem that exists in practical work. This program helped us to develop our
knowledge both theoretically and practically.

Generally, we believe that we have been doing our best at ACBSE because we had a good
communication with our senior mechanics and also other staff working there, we tried to work
effectively on the tasks that we were assigned. We also tried to fulfill the company‟s rules and
regulations while we were working there.

2.3.3. Challenges we faced

 Adapting the technical workers during the first two weeks.
 The second challenge was, sometimes we want to take a photo and video at the
workshop, but the company didn't allow cell phone during work in the workshop.
 The third challenge was most of the technicians used the Italian names for the car
components and tools so we did not understand each other for a little while. But through
time we just managed to know the Italic words relating them with their respective
professional names
 .

CHAPTER THREE

OVER ALL BENEFIT WE GAINED FROM THE

INTERNSHIP

3.1 Learning Outcomes

Internship training delivers have various important outcomes. In addition to improve our abilities
of converting various theoretical knowledge into their real application in practical world, it also
delivers a number of additional benefits like Improving practical skills, improving theoretical
knowledge, improving team playing skills, improving interpersonal communication skills,
improving leadership skills and Understanding work ethics.

3.2 Improving practical skills

It is the main benefit of internship. Many knowledges we know in theory are there in ACBSE
practically. Therefore, we improve our practical skills by performing different operations as
operations of different machines in addition to the machines we know on JIT workshop.

We have got a lot of practical experience while we were trying to troubleshoot and in
maintaining during systems come across problem. Also, we have got an opportunity to work on
equipment‟s which we have only know theoretically on material handling as different hoists,
hand chains and several transporting equipment‟s.

We improved our performances by followings: -

 Understanding the instrument & their functions.
 Full confidence
understanding of the job
 good human relation
 decision maker Increased problem-solving and soon.
3.3 Improving theoretical knowledge
Some of the theoretical knowledge we gained are;-
 Easy to name the different parts of machine tools and equipment.
 We become confidential on our theoretical concept what we have learnt before.

3.4 Improving interpersonal communication

For any individual, communication is an important way of learning, which can be defined
formally as the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skills. Therefore, when we
stay on ACBSE, we improve our communication skill by:

 Speaking: asking questions we haven‟t understood clearly when they maintain and asking
the challenges they faced in the real practical world as these improve mine ability to
overcome challenges for the future.
 Listening: it is the vital key to communicate with others because it creates good relation
between people than being only talkative.

We improve mine interpersonal communication by speaking and listening at a required time i.e.
by speaking when questions are created in our and listening when they speak. We learned that
one full system should work efficiently with union of so many professional by cooperating with
each other in order to make good and fantastic work.

3.5 Improving team skills

Most of the maintenance on ACBSE are accomplished by two mechanics and we were working
with them. Firstly, the mechanics initiate we for team work as they maintain the vehicle by
sharing their knowledge.

Thus, we improve our team working skill by several methods. For a problem held on the vehicle,
we try to identify problem and its solution. In addition, after we have discussed, we will raise
questions for the mechanics to elaborate these. So, team work gave us the opportunity to share
what we know with each other and also gave us opportunity to gain a lot of theoretical and
practical knowledge from staffs on the factory and also from students from another university.

3.6 Improving leadership skill

Leadership is a process of leading the careers of the company. Problems in the company come in
all size, shape and color in different time. Thus, a person who is in the position of leadership
seeks optimal solution to the problems and should be smart enough to manage those individuals
whom he/she is leading. What we gain from the internship regarding improving leadership is that
to inspire workers in to higher levels of team work. There are, certain things must be known to
do that these are:

 Know myself and seek self-improvement;

 Be technical proficient;
 Seek responsibility and take responsibility for actions;
 Make sound and timely decisions;
 Keep workers informally;
 Develop sense of responsibility in workers;
 Ensure that takes are understood, supervised.

3.7 In terms of understanding work ethics and related issues

As worker made to specialize in different fields special codes of conduct were expected from
each worker while we were in the company most of the workers and company‟s leader told us
what allowing a good ethics in working areas are: -

 Punctuality: - arriving at working place in time.

 Honesty: - spending working hours and resource totally on working rather than spending
too much time talking with friends over tea and coffees.
 Willingness to learn: - Understanding the way things are done at work place and trying to
do it better any person however experienced will learn new things as time passed.
 Initiative: - being prepared to see what needs to be done and to do work without always
being asked/told to do it.
 Loyalty: - Supporting the employer and do what best for the growth of the organizations.
  Maximizing productivity: - The ability to do high quality work, faster and efficiently.

3.8 In terms of entrepreneurship skill

Entrepreneurship is a person who sees a good opportunity for a new business and work hard to
make it grow and making it happen. It is very important for the growth of economic development
in one country. The best thing that we got in the factory is how we analyze thing in our own
performing way and improving our attitude. The major characteristics of the entrepreneurship
that we have seen and gained in during internship are: -

 Self-confident multi-skilled.
 Innovative skill.
 Must have a vision
 Willingness to take risk
 Results oriented.

We have been taking cares some projects. Consider some of the above rules because that is
taking risk.