SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,

Mumbai

A
MICROPROJECT REPORT
ON
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Submitted By
Mr. Kadhane Sanket Madhukar
Mr. Chougule Armaan Ashapak
Mr. Gholap Sandesh Bandu
Mr. Aher Vaibhav Uttam

Under The Guidance Of

PROF.ZADOKAR A.A.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE
TAL-JUNNAR, DIST-PUNE
(2022 – 2023)

SP Belhe 2022-2023
I
 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE
TAL- JUNNAR, DIST-PUNE

Certificate
This is to certify that
Mr. Kadhane Sanket Madhukar
Mr. Chougule Armaan Ashapak
Mr. Gholap Sandesh Bandu
Mr. Aher Vaibhav Uttam

th
Of 5 Semester have satisfactorily completed Micro project Report on
SYNCHRINOUS MOTOR
In subject as per Curriculum of Maharashtra State Board of Technical
Education, Mumbai For the partial fulfillment of
Diploma in Electrical Engineering
In the academic year 2022-2023

Guide by H.O.D.
(PROF. ZADOKAR A.A.)

PRINCIPAl
(PROF.KAPILE A.
S.)

SP Belhe 2022-2023 II
 SYNCHRONOUS

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE

Contents

Chapt Page
Chapter Name
er No. No.

1 Aim of Micro-Project

2 Brief Description

3 Course Outcomes Integrated

4 Actual Procedure Followed

5 Actual Resources Used

6 Outputs of Micro-Project

7 Skill Developed/Learning out of this Micro-Project

8 References

SP Belhe 2022-2023
III
 SYNCHRONOUS

Declaration

I here with submit the Project report titled “SYSNCHRONOUS

MOTOR” to Samarth polytechnic, Belhe for the microproject
Industrial AC Machine of Diploma of Engineering in Electrical branch.
I carried it out under the guidance of Prof.ZADOKAR A.A. and HOD
(Head, Department of Electrical Engineering).

Date:-
Mr. Kadhane Sanket Madhukar
Mr. Chougule Armaan Ashapak
Mr. Gholap Sandesh Bandu
Mr. Aher Vaibhav Uttam
(Electrical Engineering)
Samarth polytechnic, Belhe

SP Belhe 2022-2023
IV
 SYNCHRONOUS

Acknowledgement
The real spirit of achieving a goal is through the way of excellence
and lustrous discipline. We would have never succeeded in
completing our task without the cooperation, encouragement and
help provided to us by various personalities.

We would like to take this opportunity to express our heartfelt thanks

to our guide Prof. ZADOKAR A.A. for his esteemed guidance and
encouragement, especially through difficult times. His suggestions
broaden our vision and guided us to succeed in this work. We are also
very grateful for his guidance and comments while designing part of
our Seminar and learnt many things under his leadership.

We extend our thanks to Head of Electrical Department, SAMARTH

POLYTECHNIC,Belhe for their valuable support that made us
consistent performer.

We extend our thanks to Prof.Kapile A.S. Principal, SAMARTH

POLYTECHNIC,Belhe for their valuable support that made us
consistent performer.

Also we would like express our gratitude’s towards all teaching and
non-teaching staff of the department for their encouragement,
cooperation and help. Our greatest thanks are to all who wished our
success especially our parents, our friends whose support and care
makes our stay on earth.

SP Belhe 2022-2023 V
 SYNCHRONOUS

ABSTRACT
Synchronous motors, as the name implies, rotate at a constant
(synchronous) speed. The rotor of this type of motor is a wound rotor,
which receives the excitation (magnetizing) current from its excitation
system (a separate direct current source with controller). Synchronous
motors, although they are more costly and require more maintenance
compared to induction motors, are used in applications requiring
constant speed (such as in the textile fiber and paper industries), a high
degree of operating efficiency, and a controllable power factor. The last
two factors are particularly important above 1000 kW. Synchronous
motors are often used in large plants to drive the central air compressor.
A large synchronous motor can be used to control the power factor of
the whole plant, compensating the lagging power factor of a large
number of medium and small induction motors.

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 SYNCHRONOUS

Brief

Description

Introduction:-

• A synchronous motor is the same physical machine as a generator, except

that thedirection of real power flow is reversed.

• When operating as motors (by connecting them to a 3-phase source), they

are called

synchronous motors.

• Synchronous motors are used to convert AC electric power to mechanical

power atconstant speed called as Synchronous Speed.

• Synchronous motors run in synchronism with the revolving field.

• The speed of rotation is tied to the frequency of the source.

• The motor speed stays constant, irrespective of the load or voltage of the 3-
phase line
and it does not depend on the torque acting on it.

• So it has a constant-speed torque characteristic.

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 SYNCHRONOUS

What is Synchronous Motor?

The definition of synchronous motor states that ” An AC Motor in which
at steady state, rotation of the shaft is in sync with the frequency of
applied current”. The synchronous motor works as AC motor but here
the total number of rotations made by the shaft is equal to the integer
multiple of the frequency of the applied current.

Synchronous Motor
The synchronous motor doesn’t rely on induction current for working. In
these motors, unlike induction motor, multiphase AC electromagnets are
present on the stator, which produces a rotating magnetic- field. Here
rotor is of a permanent magnet which gets synced with the rotating
magnetic- field and rotates in synchronous to the frequency of current
applied to it.

Synchronous Motor Design

Stator and rotor are the main components of the synchronous motor.
Here stator frame has wrapper plate to which keybars and
circumferential ribs are attached. Footings, Frame mounts are used to
support the machine. To excite field windings with DC, slip rings and
brushes are used.
 SYNCHRONOUS

Cylindrical and round rotors are used for 6 pole application. Salient pole
rotors are used when a larger quantity of poles is required. Construction
of the synchronous motor and synchronous alternator are similar.

Synchronous Motor Working Principle

Working of synchronous motors depends on the interaction of the
magnetic field of the stator with the magnetic field of the rotor. The
stator contains 3 phase windings and is supplied with 3 phase power.
Thus, stator winding produces a 3 phased rotating Magnetic- Field. DC
supply is given to the rotor.

The rotor enters into the rotating Magnetic-Field produced by the stator
winding and rotates in synchronization. Now, the speed of the motor
depends on the frequency of the supplied current.

Speed of the synchronous motor is controlled by the frequency of the

applied current. The speed of a synchronous motor can be calculated as

Ns=60f/P=120f/p

where, f = frequency of the AC current (Hz)

p = total number of poles per phase
P = total pair number of poles per phase.

If the load greater than breakdown load is applied, the motor gets
desynchronized. The 3 phase stator winding gives the advantage of
determining the direction of rotation. In case of single-phase winding, it
is not possible to derive the direction of rotation and the motor can start
in either of the direction. To control the direction of rotation in these
synchronous motors, starting arrangements are needed.

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 SYNCHRONOUS

Starting Methods of Synchronous Motor

The moment of inertia of rotor stops the large-sized synchronous motors
from self-starting. Because of this inertia of the rotor, it is not possible
for a rotor to get in sync with the stator’s magnetic-field at the very
instance power is applied. So some additional mechanism is required to
help the rotor get synchronized.

Induction winding is included in the large motors which generate

sufficient torque required for acceleration. For very large motors, to
accelerate the unloaded machine, pony motor is used. Changing stator
current frequency, electronically operated motors can accelerate even
from the zero speed.

For very small motors, when the moment of Inertia of the rotor and the
mechanical load are desirably small, they can start without any starting
methods.

Types of Synchronous Motor

Depending upon the method of magnetization of the rotor, there are
two types of synchronous motors –

 Non-excited.
 Direct current Excited.
Non-excited Motor

In these motors, the rotor is magnetized by the external stator field. The
rotor contains a constant magnetic field. High retentive steel such as
cobalt steel is used to make the rotor. These are classified as a
permanent magnet, reluctance, and hysteresis motors.

 In Permanent magnet synchronous motors, a permanent magnet is

used along with steel for rotor design. They have a constant magnetic
field in the
 SYNCHRONOUS

rotor, so induction winding cannot be used for starting. Being used as

gearless elevator motors.

Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motor
 In Reluctance motor, the rotor is made up of steel casting with
projecting tooted poles. To minimize the torque ripples, rotor poles
are less than stator poles. Contains Squirrel Cage Winding to provide
starting torque to the rotor. Used in instrumentation applications.
 Hysteresis motors are self-starting motors. Here the rotor is a smooth
cylinder made-up of high coercivity magnetically hard cobalt steel.
These motors are expensive and are used where precise constant
speed is required. Generally used as servomotors.
DC Current Excited Motor
Here the rotor is excited using the DC current supplied directly through
slip rings. AC induction and rectifiers are also used. These are usually of
large sizes such as larger than 1 horsepower etc.

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 SYNCHRONOUS

Applications of Synchronous Motors DC Current Excited Motor

usually, synchronous motors are used for applications where precise and
constant speed is required. Low power applications of these motors
include positioning machines. These are also applied in robot actuators.
Ball mills, clocks, record player turntables also make use of synchronous
motors. Besides these motors are also used as servomotors and timing
machines.

These motors are available in a fractional horseshoe size range to high

power industrial size range. While used in high power industrial sizes,
these motors perform two important functions. One is as an efficient
means of converting AC energy into mechanical energy and the other is
Power factor correction. Which application of servomotor have you
come across?
 SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Course Outcomes Integrated

1. Identify the various parts in synchronous motor.

2. Improve the knowledge of synchronous motor.

Actual Resources Used

S. Name of Resource Specifications Qty Remarks

No. /Material
1

Internet Find Information 1

2 Books Collect Inform at ion 1

3 Computer Microsoft WORD 1

4 Printer Print 1

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 SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Outputs of the Micro-Projects

1) Study of synchronous motor.

2) Improve the knowledge of the synchronous motor.

Skill Developed/ Learning out of this

Project

1) Improve the Knowledge of the synchronous motor.

2) Improve the knowledge of the Microsoft word

References

1) www.google.com

2) INDUSTRIAL AC MACHINE textbook of TECH KNOWLEDGE publication