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    Design and Criteria

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    Renderizzah Floralde
    The document discusses key design criteria for highways and railways including vehicles, drivers and pedestrians, and traffic. It outlines the importance of establishing design vehicles that represent the different classes of vehicles using the roadway. Driver performance and capabilities must also be considered to ensure safe and efficient design. Pedestrian facilities like sidewalks and crosswalks are discussed. Traffic volumes and characteristics directly impact geometric design features.

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    Design and Criteria

    Uploaded by

    Renderizzah Floralde
    13 views16 pages
    The document discusses key design criteria for highways and railways including vehicles, drivers and pedestrians, and traffic. It outlines the importance of establishing design vehicles that represent the different classes of vehicles using the roadway. Driver performance and capabilities must also be considered to ensure safe and efficient design. Pedestrian facilities like sidewalks and crosswalks are discussed. Traffic volumes and characteristics directly impact geometric design features.

    Original Title

    DESIGN AND CRITERIA

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    The document discusses key design criteria for highways and railways including vehicles, drivers and pedestrians, and traffic. It outlines the importance of establishing design vehicles that represent the different classes of vehicles using the roadway. Driver performance and capabilities must also be considered to ensure safe and efficient design. Pedestrian facilities like sidewalks and crosswalks are discussed. Traffic volumes and characteristics directly impact geometric design features.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views16 pages

    Design and Criteria

    Uploaded by

    Renderizzah Floralde
    The document discusses key design criteria for highways and railways including vehicles, drivers and pedestrians, and traffic. It outlines the importance of establishing design vehicles that represent the different classes of vehicles using the roadway. Driver performance and capabilities must also be considered to ensure safe and efficient design. Pedestrian facilities like sidewalks and crosswalks are discussed. Traffic volumes and characteristics directly impact geometric design features.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Lesson 1.

    3
    Design Criteria for
    Highways & Railways
    In order to design highways, the designers must have an understanding of
    the basic design controls and criteria associated with the highways. Besides the
    highway functional classification, other important design controls and criteria
    are as follows

    VEHICLES DRIVERS & PEDESTRIANS TRAFFIC

    Design Vehicles, Characteristics of Traffic volume, design


    Physical Characteristics drivers and pedestrians, hourly volume, peak
    and performance. performance of drivers hour factor,
    design designation, etc.
    and pedestrians
    Vehicles
    ✓ Physical characteristics and
    proportions of vehicles of various
    sizes using the highway.
    ✓ Each design vehicle has larger
    physical dimensions and a larger
    minimum turning radius.
    Design Vehicles

    Key controls in highway geometric design are the physical and


    dynamical characteristics of vehicles using the highway.
    Considering the many types of vehicles in the traffic stream, it is
    necessary to establish several classes of vehicles, and select a
    representative vehicle within each class for design use.
    Design Vehicles

    There are generally four classes of design vehicles:


    (1) Passenger cars,
    (2) Buses,
    (3) Trucks, and
    (4) Recreational vehicles
    Design Vehicles

    The selection of a (design vehicle), whose characteristics will


    encompass nearly all vehicles expected to use the highway,
    is used to determine criteria for geometric design,
    intersection design and sight distance requirements.
    Driver
    Driver performance is
    essential to proper highway
    design and operation.
    Highway engineers need to
    keep in mind that facilities must
    be designed to accommodate
    drivers with a wide range of
    skills and ages.
    Driver’s Performance
    ❑ Designer should consider driver performance in their geometric design.
    ❑ Performances of different age groups are different. Older drivers have
    special needs.
    ❑ Each driver when driving will handle three types of information: Control,
    Guidance and Navigation.
    The driving task depends
    on drivers receiving and using
    information for correct
    decisions. Many driving errors
    are caused by deficiencies in
    drivers capabilities.
    Driver’s Performance
    Geometric design of a highway should consider users,
    especially drivers’ performance limits. There are limits to a
    driver’s vision, perception, reaction, concentration, and
    comfort that could impact the highway safety and operating
    efficiency.
    When driving, most drivers receive information visually from
    their views of the roadway alignment, markings and signs.
    They do receive other information through vehicle feedback
    from the suspension system and steering control, and
    roadway noise.
    Driver’s Performance

    Driver expectancies are built up over time, with consistent


    road design. Unusual or unexpected geometric design or
    event always leads to longer reaction and response time.
    The geometric design of highway should be in accordance
    with the driver’s expectation.
    Pedestrians
    Interactions of pedestrians
    with traffic are a major
    consideration in highway planning
    and design.
    A walking speed of 1.2
    m/sec is generally assumed for
    traffic signal timing.
    Pedestrians Facilities

    Sidewalks Crosswalks
    Pedestrians Facilities

    Curb Cuts and Ramps Bus Stops


    Traffic
    Design of highway and its
    features should be based on
    explicit consideration of the traffic
    volumes, design speed and traffic-
    related characteristics to be
    served.
    Traffic Characteristics

    ❑ Traffic volumes indicate the need for the


    improvement and directly affect the geometric design
    features, such as:

    (1) number of lanes


    (2) lane width
    (3) alignments
    (4) grades

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