Semi-Detailed School Dawo Integrated School Grade Level 10

Lesson Plan Teacher Kimberly Ann Q. Bongoyan Learning Area Science

Date and Time February 15, 2023 (8:30-9:30 AM) Quarter Third
MELC Describe the feedback mechanism involved in regulating processes in the female reproductive system (e.g.
menstrual cycle) (S10LT-IIIc-35)

I. Objectives
 Describe the feedback mechanism involved in regulating processes in the female reproductive system.
II. Subject Matter
A. Topic: The Feedback Mechanism in the Female Reproductive System
B. References: Science 10, SLM 2- The Female Reproductive System and The Menstrual Cycle, pp., 1-18
C. Materials: Laptop, PowerPoint Presentation, Pictures
D. Time Allotment: 60

III. Procedure

A. Daily Routine (3 minutes)

 Prayer
- Class, please stand. Let us pray. (Interfaith Prayer)
 Greetings
- Good morning everyone! Please be seated.
 Checking of Attendance
- Is anyone absent today?
 Review
- Let us recall important words from your previous topic which deals with the endocrine system, its glands and hormones.
 Directions: Below is a short crossword puzzle consisting of ten important words to remember and used throughout our lesson.
Read the clues on the right side to identify the words on the puzzle.

ACROSS:
2. Female sex cells
3. Passageway for menstruation and baby
5. Controls the activity of other glands
7. Responsible for typical female sex characteristics
8. Site of zygote implantation
DOWN:
1. Prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy
4. Produces egg cells
6. Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands
9. Another name for fallopian tube
10. Male sex cells

B. Motivation (10 minutes)

Activity: “How Menstrual Period Works”

What you need:

separate sheet of paper  ruler and compass or any round object
 ball pen and pencil  coloring materials

What you have to do:

1. Get a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Copy Figure 1. (blank Menstrual Cycle Diagram) on
your paper. You may also opt to scan or photocopy the diagram if you wish to. Do not copy the
questions, just write your answer or observations.
2. Look at the diagram below. This is called a Menstrual Cycle Diagram.
a. How many days do we usually have in a month? ____________________________
b. How many days do we have in a menstrual cycle? ___________________________
3. Identify the numbers/days in a month that correspond to the different events in a menstrual cycle listed on the phases below. Color
them accordingly in the copied Menstrual Cycle Diagram.
c. The periodic or regular shedding of tissues and blood from the inner lining of the uterus is called the menstruation or period.
It could be described as the discharge of blood from the uterine wall. These days are numbers __________ and will be colored red. Note:
Different girls have different menstruation length, but the usual is 5 to 7 days.
d. Uterine lining starts to thicken with new layer of tissue. An egg is developing in the ovary. This is called follicular phase and
covers the first half of the menstrual cycle. These days are numbers __________ and will be colored yellow. Note: While menstruation
happens in the early part of this phase, the ovaries are simultaneously preparing to ovulate again.
e. The day when an egg may be released from any of the two ovaries is on day______. This is called ovulation and will be colored
blue. It is half-way in the cycle. Note: A female can get pregnant although ovulation is a one-day occurrence each month and the
ovum can only survive from 12-24 hours after ovulation. Conception can occur within a six-day window, the five days leading up to
ovulation and the day of ovulation, because sperm can live in the female body for up to five days.
f. If the egg was not fertilized or implantation did not occur, hormonal changes signal the uterus to prepare to shed its lining.
This is called the luteal phase, and it happens on days __________. Color these days green. Note: This phase starts right after ovulation
and lasts until the next period.
g. What might happen if the egg was fertilized by a sperm? ______________________

Follow-up Questions:
 How did you find the previous activity?
 Was it easy or challenging?

C. Presentation of the Lesson

Our lesson for today is about The Feedback Mechanism in the Female Reproductive System. At the end of the lesson, each
one of you should be able to:
 Describe the feedback mechanism involved in regulating processes in the female reproductive system.

D. Development of the Lesson (30 minutes)

Menstruation is a sign that a girl is capable of producing offspring. The menstrual cycle is a series of changes during which an
egg matures, and the uterus is prepared for possible pregnancy. It entails biological feedback system that regulates the activities of
the structures involved in the processes.
 Females on average, release only one egg every 28 days. Hormones control this change in the female reproductive system. This
monthly change that take place in the female reproductive system is called menstruation. This cycle occurs every month from the
first onset which could happen to females of age between 10 to 13 years old. This monthly cycle continues for about 40 years. Below is
the clearer explanation of the stages takes place in this cycle (see figure 3). Always remember that controls this function are the
chemicals generated glands in to the body. In woman aside from the other hormones, estrogen and progesterone, are the key
hormones produced by the ovaries. The complete duration of the menstrual cycle or the period cycle can be divided into four main
phases namely then Menstrual Phase (from day 1-4), Follicular phase (form day 5-13), Ovulation phase (day 14) and the Luteal phase
(from day 15-28).

To summarize, the important events during the menstrual cycle are as follows:
1. The pituitary gland controls and starts the cycle.
2. The pituitary gland releases hormones that cause the egg in the ovary to mature. The Luteinizing hormone (LH) initiates the
maturation of the follicles, converts ruptured follicles into corpus luteum and causes the secretion of progesterone. The follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) assists in the maturation of the follicles and causes the secretion of estrogen from the follicles.
3. Meanwhile, the ovary itself releases a hormone called estrogen, which causes the uterine lining to increase in thickness. The
uterine lining becomes thicker so that the fertilized egg can attach to it.
4. The ovary releases an egg on day 14. Assume that no sperm is present.
 5. The egg moves through the oviduct and enters the uterus.
6. Meanwhile the uterine lining continues to thicken.
7. The egg has not been fertilized; therefore, it will not attach to the uterus.
8. The thicken uterine lining is no longer necessary, so the cells of the thickened uterine lining break off the vagina. The
unfertilized egg is lost and some blood is lost too. This loss of cells from the uterine lining, blood, and egg, is called
menstruation.
9. After menstruation, the cycle starts again.

The menstrual cycle is influenced by the endocrine system through the complex interaction of the hypothalamus, pituitary and
gonads (reproductive or sex organs, specifically the ovaries and testes). The length of the menstrual cycle varies from woman to
woman but the average cycle is 28 days.

Follicular Phase. The follicular phase starts on day 1 of menstruation and ends with ovulation (day 14). The brain (anterior
pituitary) sends the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) to the ovaries to signal follicles to grow and mature. These follicles produce
estrogen. Estrogen acts on the uterus to stimulate the thickening of the endometrium (uterine lining). When estrogen peaks, it
signals the brain to release Luteinizing Hormone (LH). This triggers ovulation.
Ovulation occurs mid-cycle, around two weeks or so before menstruation starts. On this day, the mature egg from the follicle
travels from the ovary down to the fallopian tube and into the uterus. At any time during the egg’s journey, sperm can fertilize it. If
fertilization does not occur during this phase, the egg continues to the uterus and dies within 6 to 24 hours.
 Luteal Phase. The luteal phase includes the day after ovulation to the day before your next period. During the luteal phase, LH
and FSH levels decrease. Once it releases its egg, the empty follicle develops into a new structure called the corpus luteum which
produces progesterone. If the egg isn't fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen level decreases. The hormonal changes
of this phase are associated with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) such as pimples, headaches, fatigue, dizziness, mood
changes, bloating, pain, swelling of the breasts, and food cravings.
The menstrual cycle can continue in a woman for about 40 years stopping temporarily during pregnancy and resumes after
giving birth. Some pain, cramping, and discomfort during menstrual periods is normal. Excessive pain that causes you to miss work
or school must be given medical attention.
The Table 1 below summarizes the functions of the four important hormones in the menstrual cycle.

Table 1. Menstrual Hormones and Their Functions

Endocrine Gland Hormone Function

Anterior Pituitary  Stimulates follicular growth in ovaries
Follicle Stimulating Hormone  Stimulates estrogen secretion from developing
(FSH) follicles (small sac containing eggs)
 Surge causes ovulation
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)  Results in the formation of a corpus luteum (a
structure formed as a mature egg pops out of a
follicle)
 Triggers corpus luteum to secrete progesterone
Ovaries  Thickens endometrium
 Stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH
Estrogen causing ovulation
 Stops FSH being produced so that only one egg
matures in a cycle
 Thickens endometrium
Progesterone  Inhibits FSH and LH (luteal phase)

E. Generalization (2 minutes)

- The teacher will call some of the students to answer the following questions:
  What is menstrual cycle?
 Which hormone helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries?
 What are the four important hormones in the menstrual cycle? Describe their function.
F. Valuing/Application (5 minutes)
A. Directions: Study the menstrual cycle feedback loop mechanism (Fig. 4). Complete the loop by filling in with correct terms found
in the box on the right. Write only the letter in the box found in the diagram. Then answer the questions that follow.

Choices
a. Progesterone
b. Estrogen
c. LH
d. FSH
e. Pituitary
f. Uterus
g. GnRH

Figure 4. Feedback Mechanism in Menstrual Cycle

Guide questions:
1. What will be the feedback mechanism of the body when there’s a high level of estrogen?
__________________________________________

IV. Assessment (10 minutes)

A. Directions: Study the table below. Identify the picture as to what phase of menstrual cycle it is referring to and write the word/s
at the second column of the table. Then, choose the right event for each phase found below. Write only the letter at the third
column of the table.
Progesterone form corpus luteum causes The first day of the menstrual period is
(a) the secretory phase in the day 1 of the cycle. Progesterone
ENDOMETRIUM; (b) the cervical mucus maintains the lining of the uterus.; when
canal; (c) the cervical orifice is closed; (d) the blood progesterone level falls
the basal body temperature is raised. (because pregnancy has not occurred),
When the progesterone level falls the the lining of the uterus is no longer
endometrium is shed as menstruation.
 A. B. Estrogen from the maturing follicle
causes: (a) proliferation of the
endometrium and (b) secretion of
C. cervical mucus the ‘dry sensation at
the vuvla to the change to a sensation
of ‘moistness’, less fertile-type mucus is
observed at the vulva.

The rising estrogen from the mature

follicle causes: (a) further proliferation of
the endometrium.; (b) the more fertile
type mucus is now present, (c) the
D. cervical orifice is open, (d) estrogen
stimulates LH release from the
pituitary gland which triggers rupture
of the follicle and release of the
mature ovum into the outer end of the
fallopian tube.

V. Assignment
Directions: Supply Table 2 with information about the changing/shifting levels of each hormone in the different phases. Use either
word high or low for each blank cell. Three entries on the table serve as your guide. The gray areas on some cells mean the hormone is
not evident in the phase.
REMARKS: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PROFICIENCY LEVEL:
Note: PL result of 74 below is considered failed, therefore, you cannot proceed to the next lesson.

no. of passers
PL = × 100 PL = × 100 =
no. of students

Prepared by:

KIMBERLY ANN Q. BONGOYAN Noted by:

Subject Teacher
ROLANDO M. LACBO
Principal II