ETP Design Calculation

Conventional ETP Design Procedure
Raw Wastewater Inlet

PROCESS FLOW
Screen Chamber DIAGRAM
Equalization Tank
Lime + FeSO4 Flash Mixer

Poly-Electrolyte
Primary Settling Tank
Acid Aeration Tank
Secondary Settling Tank Sludge Holding Tank
Clear Water Tank
Multi Grade Filter Filter Press
Activated Carbon Filter
Environment Friendly
Effluent for Discharge
Effluent Flow Rate: 30 m3/hr

Considering 24 hrs operation, 720 m3/d
Effluent Test Report:

Parameters Concentration Present Unit
pH 9.67 -
TDS 1202 mg/l
DO 5.72 mg/l
TSS 360 mg/l
BOD5 300 mg/l
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Equalization Tank:
Standard
Retention Time 6~10 hrs
Flash Mixer:
Standard
Retention Time 30~60 s
Primary Settling Tank:

Standard
Surface area required (SAR) 24 m²
Surface Overflow Rate (SOR) range is considered as
30 m3/ m2/ day. Ref: G.L. Karia and R.A. Christian,
(Generally considered 20~35 m3/ m2/ day) Wastewater Treatment: Concepts and
Design Approach, 2006
SAR = Q / SOR
Q = Flow per day
SOR = Surface Overflow Rate
Primary settler removed about 60 % of SS. About 65 % of the solids removed are organic & the
remains are inorganic. Sludge quantity can be determined from following equation:
Sm = Q x TSS x E
Here,
Sm = Sludge quantity in kg/day
Q = Flow rate in m3/day
TSS = Total Suspended Solid in mg/l
E = Removal efficiency (If removal sludge is 60 %, then E = 0.6)
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Aeration Tank:
Standard
Retention Time 18 hrs
Considered BOD5 300 mg/l, MLSS 3000 mg/l, Aeration Tank F:M 0.18 kg
Design BOD5 40 mg/l BOD/day/kg MLVSS
Aeration Tank Volume, REF: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc, (revised by

VMG = (So*Qo/1000)/VL Tchobanoglous, G, Burton, F.L.,
Prim. Effl. BOD = So (g/m3) Stensel, H.D.), Wastewater
Prim. Effl. Flow Rate = Qo (m3/d) Engineering Treatment and Reuse, 4th
Design Vol. Loading = VL Edition, New York, NY, 2003
F:M = (So*Qo)/(%Vol X*VMG)

So = Effl. BOD
Qo = Effl. Flow Rate
%Vol= % volatile MLSS (75%)
X = Aeration tank MLSS
VMG = Aeration tank volume
Aeration Unit use for the purpose of removal of BOD of the influent waste water. In aeration
tank the BOD/COD load reduction takes place. Air will be injected by air Blower and fine
bubble membrane diffusers. The bacterial degrade/eat up complex organic matters from effluent
and grows in number and size and become heavier. Following reaction occurs during aeration
(decomposition and nutrient transfer) process.
Decomposers Biological Oxidation Process

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6 H2O + 6CO2
(Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration)
Oxygen
Synthesis Source
Nutrient Transformers C, H, N, O, P, S & Synthesis New Other
Element + Vitamins Organisms
NH4+ + CO2 --> NO3 - + C6H12O6
Energy
N2 + C6H12O6 --> NH4+ + CO2
H2S --> SO4- Energy Source Respiration
Waste
Substances
CH4 --> CO2
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Oxygen Requirement and Blower Capacity for Aeration Tank:
Standard
Total BOD to be removed = 9 x 24 = 216 kg/day 400 m³/hr
Hence O2 to be transferred = 216 kg/day
Method of Aeration = Fine Bubble Diffuser

SOTE (Standard O2 Transfer Efficiency For 300 mm disc type diffuser
submergence) =20%
Hence O2 required 216/0.20 =1080 kg/day.
Assuming Factor (Ratio of SOTE in clean water to effluent water)=0.8 and
Another F Factor (Factor for fouling of diffusers) =0.8
Oxygen requirement =1688 kg/day {Oxygen % in the atmospheric air =
23.2%}
Hence, Air Requirement =7274 kg/day {With Sp.gravity of Air at 50°C
=0.8 kg/m³}
Air requirement = 9093 m³/Day = 379 m³/hr
Consider 400 m³/hr blower for aeration tank
Ref: http://www.water-chemistry.in/2010/08/how-to-calculate-aeration-
tank-air-quantity/
Secondary Settling Tank:

Standard
Surface area required (SAR) 20.57 m²
Surface Overflow Rate (SOR) range is considered as
35 m3/ m2/ day. Ref: G.L. Karia and R.A. Christian,
(Generally considered 25~40 m3/ m2/ day) Wastewater Treatment: Concepts and
Design Approach, 2006
SAR = Q / SOR
Q = Flow per day
SOR = Surface Overflow Rate
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Sludge Age Calculation:
Sludge Age, days = [MLSS (mg/l)* Aeration Volume (m3)] / [TSS (mg/l) * Q (m3/d)
= 6.25 (standard)
Ref: http://waterfacts.net/Formulas/Sludge_Age/sludge_age.html
Sludge Holding Tank

Sludge generated from primary settling tank & secondary settling tank is collected in sludge
holding tank by sludge transfer pump. If the bottom portion of primary settler is above the top
surface of sludge holding tank, then the sludge generated from primary settler can come through
gravity flow. Total sludge volume is generally considered as 2 to 7 % of total volume. (Sludge
Density = 721 kg/m3).
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Process Description
The combined effluent is passed through a drain channel wherein suitable bar screen is installed
for segregation of waste material such as plastic sheet, waste cloth and other foreign material.
The screened effluent is collected in a collection cum Equalization Tank. Here with specific
volume and retention time is providing to ensure homogenous mixing and also reduces the
temperature of the effluent. If the suspended solids are very high, the Equalization Tank is
provided with coarse diffuser system to provide mixing; so that all the suspended solids shall be
kept in solution and will not settle in the collection tank. Water from equalization tank pumped to
Flash Mixer. Water to be treated is fed into the bottom of the flash/static mix compartment,
where it is thoroughly mixed with chemicals. FeSO4 solution and Lime solution will be dosed in
the raw waste water for the purpose of removal of colour, BOD and COD content of the raw
waste water to some extent. Polyelectrolyte solution will be dosed in the raw waste water for the
purpose of removal of colour and will also act as coagulant aid for the purpose of removal of
suspended impurities expeditiously. Primary Settling Tank is the next necessary unit to settle
down larger particles that comes from flash mixer. Waste water along with chemical solution
will gravitate to the primary settling tank. Approximately 65% of suspended solids will be settled
at the bottom sludge hopper. Settled sludge will be draw off by a sludge pump and the clarified
water over flows through a launder / channel to the Aeration Tank. The water from primary
settling tank is fed into the Aeration Unit for the purpose of removal of BOD of the influent
waste water. Air will be injected by air Blower and fine bubble membrane diffusers. The aerated
water will next be fed into the Secondary Settling Tank by gravity for the purpose of removal of
biological sludge, produced in the Aeration Tank. Sludge slurry, from the Secondary Settling
Tank, will be drawn by means of slurry transfer pump set and will be recycled back into the
Aeration Unit as “Feed” to the micro-organism. Sludge slurry of Primary Settling tank and
remaining portion of Secondary Settling Tank will be fed into the filter press through Sludge
Holding Tank, and after compressed, sludge cake formed. Treated water, obtainable from the
settling tank, will be collected in the treated waste water reservoir and then pumped to Multi
Grade Filter & Activated Carbon Filter. Water from Activated Carbon Filter finally discharged to
nearby canal.
Thank You
Mohammad Zakir Hossain Khan

[B.Sc in Civil Engg., MS in Env. Sci., MBA in HRM & Mrkt., M.Phil. in Env. Sci., PGDBM,
PGDDM, Ph.D. (Fellow)]
Member of IEB (M/23611) and BAPA (339)
Email: engr.zakir@yahoo.com
Linkedin Profile: https://bd.linkedin.com/pub/zakir-khan/b4/1b1/b67
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ETP Design Calculation

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Conventional ETP Design Procedure

Raw Wastewater Inlet

Lime + FeSO4 Flash Mixer

Primary Settling Tank

Acid Aeration Tank

Secondary Settling Tank Sludge Holding Tank

Clear Water Tank

Multi Grade Filter Filter Press

Activated Carbon Filter

Effluent Flow Rate: 30 m3/hr

Effluent Test Report:

Primary Settling Tank:

Aeration Tank Volume, REF: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc, (revised by

F:M = (So*Qo)/(%Vol X*VMG)

Decomposers Biological Oxidation Process

Method of Aeration = Fine Bubble Diffuser

Secondary Settling Tank:

Sludge Holding Tank

Mohammad Zakir Hossain Khan

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F:M = (SoQo)/(%Vol XVMG)