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Science Unit Test 1 1

The document describes properties and reactions of acids and bases, including their effects on indicators and reactions with other substances. It also discusses classifying oxides, preparing and purifying salts through various techniques like precipitation, and tests to identify cations and anions in aqueous solutions.

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17 views

Science Unit Test 1 1

The document describes properties and reactions of acids and bases, including their effects on indicators and reactions with other substances. It also discusses classifying oxides, preparing and purifying salts through various techniques like precipitation, and tests to identify cations and anions in aqueous solutions.

Uploaded by

ken
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Syllabus

- Describe neutrality and relative acidity and alkalinity in terms of pH


(whole numbers only) measured using universal indicator

Describe the characteristic properties of acids (exemplified by dilute


hydrochloric acid and
dilute sulfuric acid) including their effect on litmus paper and their reactions
with metals, bases and carbonates

-
- Describe the characteristic properties of bases including their effect
on litmus paper and their reactions with acids and ammonium salts
- Bases: substances which neutralize acids to form salt and
water only.
- Ex:

- They are proton acceptors (form OH- ions)


- Turns red litmus blue
- Alkali: a base that is soluble in water
- Produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
- React with acids to form salt and water only
(neutralisation)
- Alkalis heated with ammonium salts give off
ammonia gas
- Alkalis react with a solution of a metal salt to
give its metal hydroxide
- Acids: a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+)
when dissolved in water.
- Describe and explain the importance of controlling acidity in soil
-

- Classify oxides as either acidic or basic, related to metallic and non-


metallic character
-
- Acidic oxides (non metal oxide):
- They react with bases
- Ex: Carbon dioxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
dioxide
- Basic oxide (metal oxide):
- They react with acids
- Ex: Sodium oxide, magnesium oxide, copper (II)
oxide
- Amphoteric oxides (metal oxides):
- They can react with both acids and bases
- Lead (II) oxide, Aluminium oxide, Zinc oxide
- Neutral Oxide (non metal oxide):
- They do not react with acids or bases
- Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxide, Water

- Describe the preparation, separation and purification of salts using


techniques specified in Section C2 and the reactions specified in
Section C8.1. Suggest a method of making a given salt from suitable
starting material, given appropriate information, including
precipitation
- Salts: a compound formed when a metallic ion or an
ammonium ion (NH4+) replaces one or more hydrogen
ions of an acid.
- Making soluble salt:
- Reacting an Acid with an Insoluble Metal,
Carbonate or Base to make soluble salt.
- Warm acid (increases the speed of
reaction)
- Add an excess reactant + stir
- Filter mixture
- Transfer to evaporating basin
- Heat using a Bunsen burner
- Leave to cool until crystallization point
- Wash crystals with distilled water
- Dry crystals on filter paper
- Titration:
-

-
-

- Making insoluble salt: Precipitation (all salts can be


prepared by precipitation)
- Mix two soluble salts
- Filter to collect the precipitate
- Wash the precipitate with distilled water
- Leave to dry in filter paper
- Describe and use the following tests to identify: aqueous cations:
ammonium, calcium, copper(II), iron(II), iron(III) and zinc, using
aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia as appropriate
(formulae of complex ions are not required)
-

- cations: flame tests to identify lithium, sodium, potassium and


copper(II)
-

- anions: carbonate (by reaction with dilute acid and then limewater),
chloride and bromide (by reaction under acidic conditions with
aqueous silver nitrate), nitrate (by reduction with aluminum) and
sulfate (by reaction under acidic conditions with aqueous barium
ions)
-

- gasses: ammonia (using damp red litmus paper), carbon dioxide


(using limewater), chlorine (using damp litmus paper), hydrogen
(using a lighted splint), oxygen (using a glowing splint)
-

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