‫ّ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ﱡَ ﱠ ﱠ ّ‬ ‫ُ َّ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴ ِﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫‪١٤٤٥/٣/٢٢‬‬

‫ﲨﻊ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻱ‬

 ‫ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﯾُ َﻌﺮ ْف ﰲ اﻟﺘ�ﺎر ِﱗ َﺷ ْﻌ ٌﺐ‬ ‫َﻌيﺶ ُﻣ ْنﻌ ِﺰ ً� ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻌﻮب ﻻ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ٔأن ﺗ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ َ‬ ‫ا �ٕن �‬
‫ﻌﻮب‪ِ ،‬ﺗ ْﻠﲂ ﱔ ا �ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌ ُﺔ ا ٕﻻ�ْﺴﺎﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻓُ ِﻄ َﺮ �ﻠﳱﺎ ﺑَﻨﻮ آ ٓ َد َم‪ ،‬وٕا �ن‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬‫ﺑﻐﲑﻩ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫ﱂ َ ْﳛ َﺘ �ﻚ ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻩ‬‫َﻼق ﻣ َﻊ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﲀك وﺗ ٍ‬‫دون ْاﺣ ِت ٍ‬‫َﻄﻮ ًرا ﰲ َﺣيﺎ ِة ٔأ ِ ّي َﺷ ْﻌ ٍﺐ ﻻ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ٔأن ﯾَﻈﻬ ََﺮ إﱃ اﻟﻨ� ِﻮر َ‬ ‫ﺗ �‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﱔ ٔأدا ُة ﻧ َ ْﻘ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﻮب؛ ذ� ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ �‬ ‫ﺼﺎل ْ َ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ﱔ ٔأدا ُة اﻻ ِﺗ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﻮب‪ ،‬والﻠ � ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫ﻌﻮب ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬‫ﻨﺎ�ﺎت‪ ،‬وﻛﲈ ﺗَ ْﻘ ِﱰ ُض �‬ ‫وﺻ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗ ََﻮ �ﺻ َﻞ إﻟﯿﻪ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻜ ُﺮ اﻟبَ َﴩ �ي ِﻣﻦ ٔأد ٍَب و�ُﻠﻮ ٍم ِ‬
‫ُﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ�ﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕﳖ� ﺎ ﺗَ ْﻘ ِﱰ ُض ٔآﯾﻀً ﺎ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫دات اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ ِ ّ ُ‬ ‫وﺻ ٍ‬ ‫دا� ِ‬ ‫ﲀرا وآ ٓ ً‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ �ُﻠﻮ ًﻣﺎ و ٔآﻓْ ً‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ٍ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﻟﻬﺎ َﺣيﺎ ٌة وﺗ �‬
‫َﻄﻮ ٌر‬ ‫ﻨﺎ�ﺎت‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ ﻓﺎ �ٕن الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﲀر واﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم وا�ٓد ِاب و ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺗ� ا ٔ�ﻓْ ِ‬
‫�ﺛﻮن ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗ� َﴐور ٌة �رﳜ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﱂ َ ْﲣ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﴩ �ا� َ�ﻦ ﯾ َ َﺘ�ﺪ َ‬ ‫و ْاﺣ ِتﲀكٌ ‪ِ ،‬ﻣثﻠُﻬﺎ ﰲ ذ� ِﻣث ُﻞ اﻟبَ َ ِ‬
‫ﲈل ِﻧﻈﺎ ِﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﻐﺎت �ﲈ ﰷﻧ َْﺖ ﻗُ �ﻮﲥُ ﺎ وا ْﻛ ِﺘ ُ‬ ‫ِﻣﳯﺎ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫دات‪ٔ ،‬أو �ﲆ ُﻣ ْﺴ�ﺘﻮى‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن �ﲆ ُﻣ ْﺴ�ﺘﻮى اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫وا ْﻗ ِﱰ ُاض الﻠ�ﻐﺎ ِت ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟ َﻘﻮا ِ� ِﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗَ ْﻘ ِﱰ ُض ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ اﻟ ِﻨّﻈﺎ َم اﻟ ِﻜتﺎ �ﰊ لﻠُﻐ ٍﺔ �أﺧﺮى ﻛﲈ ا ْﻗ َ َﱰﺿَ ِﺖ ِ‬
‫وﴯﺼ �ﯿﳤَ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ُﲢﺎ ِو ُل ٔأن َﲢ َﻔﻆَ ﻟﻨ ْﻔ ِﺴﻬﺎ ٔأﺻﺎ�ﳤَ ﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ﰲ ا ْﻗ ِﱰ ِاض ِ‬ ‫�ﲑ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗُﺼﺒ َِﺢ ﻗﺎﻟَ ًﺒﺎ لﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﻘ َﱰ ِض ِﻣﳯﺎ ٔأو ﺗَ ْﻨﺪ ِ� َﺮ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت؛ �‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ُﻤﲒﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ ِ ّ ُ‬
‫وﲢ �ﻞ َﻣ َ�ﻠ�ﻬﺎ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﻘ َﱰ ُض ِﻣﳯﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َُ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ا ٔ�ﺧﺮى‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺤﺘ ِﻔﻈ ًﺔ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ -‬ا ْﻗ َ َﱰﺿَ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ا �ٕن الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ‪-‬ﺷأٔﳖُ ﺎ ﺷأٔ ُن ْ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬وٕا �ن ِﻣﻦ َوﺳﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻗ ِﱰ ِاض الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫َﻤﲒﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫�ﺸَ ﺨْﺼ �ﯿﳤِ ﺎ وﺗ � ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ِْ‬

‫‪۱‬‬
 ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻋ �ﺮ َب َﻣنْ ِﻄ َﻘﻪ‪ٔ :‬أي‪َ :‬ﻫ �ﺬﺑ َ ُﻪ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ْﺤ ِﻦ واﳋ ََﻄ ِأٔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ َﻣﺼﺪَ ُر ) َﻋ �ﺮ َب(؛ ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﰟ َﻣ ْﻔﻌﻮلٍ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺬﯾﺐ وا�ﳤ� ْﺬﯾﺐ‪ .‬واﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب‪ :‬ا ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ :‬ﻗَ ْﻄ ُﻊ َﺳ َﻌ ِﻒ اﻟﻨ�� ِْﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ اﻟت � ْﺸ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬ا�ي ُﺟ ِﻌ َﻞ َﻋ َﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ْ -‬اﺻ ِﻄﻼ ً�ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮب �ﲆ ِﻣ ْﳯ ِﺎ�ﺎ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‪ٔ :‬أن ﺗَ َﺘ �ﻔﻮ َﻩ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬‫ﰟ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ � ِ‬ ‫َﺮي ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬وﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫َﻋ �ﺮﻓَﻪ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫َﻋ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُب و ٔأﻋ َْﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻲ‪َ ،‬ﺳﻮا ٌء ٔأﻟْ َﺤﻘﻮﻩ ﺑبِنﺎ ِء َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ ٔأم‬ ‫و َﻋ �ﺮﻓَﻪ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُب ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫ﱂ ﯾُﻠْ ِﺤﻘﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ"‪،‬‬ ‫ﻬﻮر ﻓيﻪ "اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﳌ َ ْﺸ َ‬‫ﯾﺐ‪ٕ :‬ا ْﻋﺮ ًا�‪� ،‬‬ ‫وﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ � ُﺴ ِّﻤﯿﻪ )اﳌ ُ ْﻌ َﺮ َب(‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ ِّﻤﻲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬
‫و"اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب"‪.‬‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﳌ َ ْﻮﺿﻮ� ِﺔ ﳌ َ ٍ‬
‫ﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ا ْﺳ� َﺘﻌ َﻤﻠَ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫و َﻋ �ﺮﻓَﻪ اﻟ �ﺴ� �‬
‫�ﲑ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ِْ‬
‫ﻬﻮر ﻓيﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ :‬ﻧ َ ْﻘ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ْﺸ ُ‬ ‫َﻔﺎ� ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫و َﻋ �ﺮﻓَﻪ اﳋ �‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ‪ٕ :‬ا ْﻋﺮ ًا�(‪.‬‬‫وﲰﺎﻩ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪� َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﯿﺎ� ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ولﻠﻌﺎدا ِت‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎن ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ ) ٕاﺧْﻀﺎ ُع الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَ ِ ّﱯ ُﻟﻄ ُﺮ ِق ّ ِ‬ ‫و َﻋ �ﺮﻓَﻪ ﺗَ �ﻤﺎم �‬
‫اﻟﻨ� ْﻄﻘي� ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﯾﺐ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻧ َ ْﻘ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺎت ﻟيﺴﺖ ُﻣتَﺒﺎﯾﻨ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬وﳔﻠُ ُﺺ ﻣﳯِ ﺎ إﱃ ٔأ �ن اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ َﺻ ْﻘ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺮب �ﲆ ِﻣ ْﳯ ِﺎ�ﺎ و ٔأ ْوزاﳖِ ﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أم �َ َﺮ َﻛ ْﺘﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺳﻮا ٌء َﺻ َﻘﻠَ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﯾَﺪ� ُُ� � ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎق‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫بﳱﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﻫﺎن ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ِ ّاﲡ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻲ �ا�ي َد َ� َﻞ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮا ٌء ��ﲑﺗْﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮﺳ ُﻊ ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب؛ ﻓﻬﻮ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ا ٔ� َﲺ �‬ ‫‪ّ ِ -‬اﲡﺎ ٌﻩ ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫ﻀﺢ ﰲ ُﻣﻌ َﺠ ِﻤﻪ "اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ"‪ ،‬و ِ ّاﲡﺎ ُﻩ‬ ‫َﻠﯿﻞ ِ�ﻦ ٔأ ْ َﲪﺪَ ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﯾَﺘ� ُ‬ ‫ُﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ ّاﲡﺎ ُﻩ اﳋ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب ٔأم ﱂ ﺗ ِ ّ ْ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻲ �ا�ي ﻧ ُ ِﻘ َﻞ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﺻ َﻘﻠَ ْﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪ّ ِ -‬اﲡﺎ ٌﻩ ﯾُﻀ ّﯿ ُِﻖ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َﯾﻒ؛ ﻓﺎﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﻫﻮ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ا ٔ� َﲺ �‬
‫)اﻟﺼ�ﺎح(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺮي ﰲ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﻀﺢ ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ ِ ّ‬ ‫زان َ� ِﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﯾَﺘ� ُ‬ ‫ﺮب �ﲆ ٔأ ْو ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻠﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻻ ﯾُﺪ ِ� َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر ًﻣﺎ � ٔ� ْﺻﻮ ِات اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﺎﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﯾ َ َﺘﻀ �ﻤ ُﻦ اﻟْ ِﱱا ًﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ٔأ ْﺻﻮا�ً ﻟيﺴﺖ ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ اﻟ َﺒ َﺘ َﺔ؛ ﻛﻨَ ْﻔﳱِ ﻢ ٔأ ْﺻﻮ َات‪.p, v :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ُﺮوف ٔأﻗَ �ﻞ َﴏاﻣ ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟْ ِﱱا ِﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ َﺑﻈﻮا ِﻫ ِﺮ اﻟﺘ�أٔ ِﻟﯿﻒ واﻟﺘ� ُ‬
‫�ﺎو ِر ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟْ ِﱱا ُﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘ�آ آ ِﻟﯿﻒ اﳌ َ ْﻤﻨﻮ� ِﺔ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﱒ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮب �ﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ �ﺎﻓَ َﻈ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫� ٔ� ْﺻﻮ ِات اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ْ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِد َﻣ ْﻤﻨﻮ ٌع ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﲓ و �‬ ‫ا ِﳉ ِّﺺ‪ .‬وا ْﺟ ِتﲈ ُع ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻟﴫﻓي� ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأﻗَ �ﻞ ﳑ�ﺎ َﺳ� َﺒ َﻖ؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﻢ ‪-‬ﻛﲈ َﺳ� َﺒ َﻖ ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫�ﻟﺼ َﯿﻎ ِ � ْ‬ ‫واﻟْ ِﱱا ُﻣﻬﻢ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕن ﱂ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ْﳯﻢ ذ� ٔأﺑْ َﻘﻮا‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِﺻ َﯿ ِﻐﻬﻢ ﻗَ ْﺪ َر �‬ ‫ﯾﺐ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻮن �ﲆ ﺗَ ْﻘﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﯾَﻌ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻮات‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ �ﲆ ﺻﻮرﲥِ ﺎ ﻣ َﻊ � ْﻛ ِﺘﻔﺎ ِء ﺑ َﺘ ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬

‫‪۳‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔَﺮ‪‬ﻕُ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﳌُﻌﺮ‪‬ﺏِ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞِ ﻭﺍﳌُﻮ‪‬ﻟﱠﺪ‬

‫ﻤﻲ اﳌ َ ْﻨ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺮب �ﲆ‬ ‫ﻘﻮل إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺳﻮا ٌء َﺻ َﻘﻠَ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب‪ :‬ﻫﻮ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ا ٔ� َﲺ �‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ َﺻ ْﻘﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﳯ ِﺎ�ﺎ و ٔأ ْوزاﳖِ ﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أم �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ ْ ِ‬
‫ﴫ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ َﻋ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻗﺪ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ُﺸﱰ ُط ﰲ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ٔأن َ‬ ‫و� َ‬
‫اﻟ� ِم‬ ‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب ﻧ َﺬ ُﻛ ُﺮ ﻓيﻪ ﻣﺎ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫� ْﺳ ِت ْﺸﻬﺎ ِد؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳉَﻮاﻟﯿﻘ �ﻲ‪) :‬ﻫﺬا ِﻛ ٌ‬
‫ﷲ �ﻠﯿﻪ � َ‬
‫وﺳﲅ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل �‬ ‫بﺎر �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‪ ،‬وﻧ ََﻄ َﻖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ُن اﳌَﺠﯿﺪُ ‪َ ،‬وو َر َد ﰲ ٔآ ْﺧ ِ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴫ ِﱖ(‬ ‫ﻌﺎرﻫﺎ و ٔأ ْﺧبﺎ ِرﻫﺎ ﻟ ُﯿ َﻌﺮ َف ا�� ﺧي ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫ِﻌﲔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮﺗْﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُب ﰲ ٔأ ْﺷ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ�ﺎﺑ ِﺔ واﻟﺘ�ﺎﺑ َ‬ ‫و �‬
‫وﻗﺪ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُب‬ ‫وان ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟﻔﺎ ِر ِﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰷروان‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫َﺮي‪) :‬واﻟ َﻘ ْ َﲑ ُ‬ ‫‪،‬و ُ‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫َﺮي‪) :‬واﻟﻨ� ْ َﲒكُ ‪ُ :‬ر ٌﻣﺢ ﻗَﺼﲑٌ ‪�ٔ ،‬ﻧ �ﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ( ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫روﱊ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪،‬‬‫ﲳ ِﻌ �ﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ �‬ ‫ﯿﺎزكُ ( ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪) :‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻤ ُﻘ ُﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻔ َﺼ�ﺎ ُء‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻔﺼﯿﺢ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُب ﰲ ِ ّ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﳌ ُ َﻮ ��‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن �لﻠﺮ ُ� ِﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣ َﻮ � ٌ�؛ إذا ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ �ﺎ ِﻟ ًﺼﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌ ُ َﻮ � ُ� ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْ�ﺪَ ُث‪ ،‬وﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫�ﺻ ِﻄﻼحِ‪ :‬الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ اﳌ ُ َﻮ � ُ�‪ :‬ﻫﻮ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ �ا�ي ﻧ ََﻄ َﻖ ﺑﻪ َﻣﻦ ﱂ ُ ْﳛ َﺘ �ﺞ َ�� ِﻣﻬﻢ ِﻣ �ﻤﻦ‬ ‫وﰲ ْ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺼﺎر‪ٔ ،‬أو ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن �اﻟﺮا ِﺑﻊ ِ ﰲ اﳉَﺰ�ﺮ ِة ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ ﱂ ﯾأٔ ِت ِ‬ ‫�َﺸَ ﺆوا ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﻣ ِ‬
‫ون �ا��ﻦ ﻻ ُﳛ َﺘ �ﺞ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ ﰲ اﳌ ُ َﻮ � ِ�‪) :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ٔأ ْ�ﺪَ ﺛَﻪ اﳌ ُ َﻮ �� َ‬ ‫ﺮب ا ٔ� �وﻟﲔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ �ﺴ� �‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫َ�� ِﻣﻬﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫ﻮ� واﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب؛ ﻓﺎﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻣﺎ َﻋ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﳌ ُ � ِ‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ ﯾَﺘ� ُ‬
‫ﻀﺢ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ ُق ْ َ‬
‫ﻮ� ﻓ ُيﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻣﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻧْ ِﻘﻀﺎ ِء‬ ‫ﴫ � ْﺳ ِت ْﺸﻬﺎ ِد‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ اﳌ ُ � ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻔ َﺼ�ﺎ ُء‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﰲ َﻋ ْ ِ‬
‫ﴫ � ْﺳ ِت ْﺸﻬﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫َﻋ ْ ِ‬
‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫و� َﺸ َﻤ ُﻞ اﳌ ُ � ُ‬
‫ﻮ�‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِﺎرﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪) :‬ﻓأٔ �ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲈت ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻧ ُ ِﻘ َﻞ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِرﻣ َﺔ ﻓﻠيﺲ ﺑ َﻌ َﺮ ٍ ّﰊ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﳌ ُ َﻮ ���ﻦ( ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ُء �ا�ي � ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ �‬
‫َﺮي‪:‬‬‫ﻫﺎن؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ِ‬‫ﲈت َﻋ َﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮﻫ ََﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇ ٍ‬
‫ﻫﺎن‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﻮ � ٌ�‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻮ ُاب ٔأن ﯾُﻘﺎ َل‪� :‬أ ْ� َﺮ َﻩ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼن‪ :‬إذا �ﺎ َء ُ ْ‬
‫�ﻟﱪ ِ‬ ‫)وﻗَﻮﻟُﻬﻢ‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮﻫ ََﻦ ﻓُ ٌ‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪�َ :‬ﻠْﻘ ُﺔ اﻟﺒﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٍب ﻗَﺪ ٍﱘ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺰ ْرﻓﲔ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫ﯿﲑ َﺣ َﺮﻛ ٍﺔ ﰲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٍب ﻗَﺪ ٍﱘ‪،‬‬ ‫)ﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ َﻮ �� ٌة(‪ٔ ،‬أو ﺗَ ْﻐ ُ‬ ‫ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‪َ :‬ز ْرﻓَ َﻦ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫َﺮي‪ِ َ :‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﰄ‪�) :‬ﻟ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ِﻜ �‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫)ا�ﯾﻮ ِان(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ﰲ ﻓَ ْت ِﺢ ا�� ِال ﰲ ّ ِ‬
‫ُﻣ َﻮ ��ة(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ َﺮ ِش ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻤ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ر ِﲡﺎ ُل؛ َﳇ ْﻔﻆِ �‬ ‫‪ْ -‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ا�� ﺧيﻞ‪:‬‬
‫�ﲑﱒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰷن ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻼن‪ :‬إذا َ‬ ‫ﻼن دَﺧي ٌﻞ ﰲ ﺑَﲏ ﻓُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ :‬ﻓُ ٌ‬ ‫ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫اﻟ� ِم‬ ‫ﰻ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ‬
‫ﺧيﻞ �ﲆ ِ ّ‬ ‫�ﺻ ِﻄﻼحِ‪ :‬ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆُ ا�� ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ْ‬
‫ﴫ � ْﺳ ِت ْﺸﻬﺎ ِد ٔأم‬ ‫ﰷن ﰲ َﻋ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب ٔأم ﱂ ﯾُ ِ ّﻐﲑوﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬وﺳﻮا ٌء ٔأ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‪َ ،‬ﺳﻮا ٌء �َ � َﲑﻫﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻩ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ٔأ َ �ﰪ ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﻠ َﺤ ِﻲ "اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب" و"اﳌ ُ �ﻮ�"‪.‬‬
‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﻠﯿﻞ ﻓ� ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫وﲰﺎﻩ‪)ِ :‬ﺷﻔﺎ َء اﻟﻐ ِ‬ ‫َﻔﺎ� َ �‬
‫ﺘﺎب اﳋ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻀﺢ ذ� ﰲ ِﻛ ِ‬ ‫وﯾَﺘ� ُ‬
‫ﺧيﻞ(‪َ ،‬ذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻓيﻪ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ َب واﳌ ُ َﻮ � َ� َﲨﯿ ًﻌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�� ِ‬
‫ﺧيﻞ" و"اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب" �ﲆ ٔأ �ن‬ ‫ﻣﻮن ُﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﻠَ َﺤ ِﻲ "ا�� ِ‬‫ﺜﲑا ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺋِ �ﻤ ِﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ � َ ْﺴ� َﺘ ْ� ِﺪ َ‬‫ا �ٕﻻ ٔأ �ن َﻛ ً‬
‫ﺜﲑا ﻣﺎ ﯾ َ َﻘ ُﻊ ذ� ﰲ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ‪) :‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب‪ :‬دَﺧي ٌﻞ‪ ،‬و َﻛ ً‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل اﻟ �ﺴ� �‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺪﻟﻮﻟَﻬﲈ وا ِ� ٌﺪ؛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎف ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪) :‬ﱂ َﲡ َﺘ ِﻤﻊ ِ اﳉ ُﲓ و ُ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل اﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫و�ﲑﻫﲈ(‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ واﳉَ ْﻤﻬَﺮ ِة ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻛ ِ‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫ﯾﻘﻮل‪) :‬وﻟيﺲ ﰲ َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ ز ٌاي ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ‬ ‫َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﳁﱴ �ﺎء� ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ ﻓﺎ ْ� َ ْﲅ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ(‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ُ‬
‫دالٍ ا �ٕﻻ دَﺧيﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫ُﺸﲑون إﱃ‬ ‫ﻌﲈل‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ إﳖ� ﻢ ﻗﺪ � َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ َ�ﲔِ ﰲ � ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻨﺎ ﻧ َﻠ َﺤﻆُ �َﺪَ َم اﻟﺘ� ْﻔﺮﻗ ِﺔ ْ َ‬
‫ﺪي‪:-‬‬ ‫َﺮي ﰲ "اﻟﻨ�ﺎرﺟيﻞ" ‪-‬وﻫﻮ اﳉ َْﻮ ُز اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ �‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ �لﻠ � ْﻔﻈﲔِ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫َِ‬
‫)وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب دَﺧيﻞ(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ﰲ "اﻟﻬِ ْﻤﯿﺎن" وﻫﻮ ا ِﳌ ْﻨﻄﻘ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﺸَ �ﺪ �ﲆ َاﻟﻮ َﺳﻂِ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎن دَﺧي ٌﻞ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫)واﻟ ِﻬ ْﻤ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَﻮاﺋِﺪُ ‪:‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻘﱰ ُن ﺑﺘ� اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ"؛ ﻓﺎ ٔ� َﲺ �‬ ‫�ﺎت ٔآ َﻻ وﻫﻮ "ا ٔ� َﲺ �‬ ‫ﻼح آٓﺧ َُﺮ ﯾ َ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻫﻨﺎك ْاﺻ ِﻄ ٌ‬
‫ﻤﻲ؛‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب وا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻣﺎ � َ ِﴚ ﺑ َﺘ ْﻔﺮﻗﳤِ ﻢ ْ َ‬ ‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ﻧ ََﻄ َﻖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ُﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ �‬
‫ﺧيﻞ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم ‪ِ -‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ٕ :‬ا ْ�ﺮاﻫ َﲓ‪ ،‬وٕا ْﲮ َﺎق‪،‬‬ ‫ٕا ْذ ﻻ ﯾُﻄ ِﻠ ُﻖ ٔأﺋِ �ﻤ ُﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ �ﲆ ا�� ِ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ‫وﳜ �ﺼ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ"‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮن �ﻠﯿﻪ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ "ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬ ‫وٕا ْﺳﲈﻋﯿ َﻞ‪ -‬ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ "اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب"‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ﯾُﻄ ِﻠ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ َب �ﻟﻨ� ِﻜﺮ ِة؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻔي� �‬
‫ﻤﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮﱊ‪) :‬وٕان ﺗَﻠَﻘ� ْﻮﻩ �ﻠَ ًﻤﺎ ﻓﻠيﺲ ﲟ ُ �ﻌﺮ ٍب‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ ﻓيﻪ‪ٔ :‬أ َﲺ �‬
‫ِﻣث ُﻞ ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ َﲓ وٕا ْﲮﺎق(‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻮن ٕاز َاء ٔأ َ ِّﳘ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ِﻗ ْﺴ َﻤﲔِ ‪:‬‬
‫ثﻮن ﰲ ِ� ِﲅ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ﯾ َ ْﻨ ِﻘﺴ َ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ َ‬
‫ﲈت‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺠﺮ َد ﺿَ ْﺒﻂِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲈت‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ا �ٕن ُﻣ �‬ ‫ٔأ‪ -‬ﻓَﺮﯾﻖٌ �َﺮى ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻻ ٔأ ِّﳘ �ﯿ َﺔ ﳌ َ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬
‫�ت‬ ‫ﯿﺎن اﳌ َ ْﻘﺼﻮ ِد‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﻢ َﻣﻦ � ُﺸ ِﻜّ ُﻚ ﰲ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ِﱶ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﰷف ﰲ ﺑ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣ َﻊ َﻣ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﻠﲔ ﺑﺬ� و ِاﳘﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫و�َﺮى ٔأ �ن اﻟﻘﺎﺋِ َ‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﻓَﺮ ٌﯾﻖ �َﺮى ٔأ �ن ﳌ َ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ٔأ ِّﳘ �ﯿ ًﺔ ُﻛ ْﱪى؛ إذ ا �ٕن َﻣ ْﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب َﻣﺪ َ� ٌﻞ ﳌ َ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ َ ِّﱒ‬ ‫ﻠﻮن اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ا�ٔ ْﻛ َ ِﱪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺆﻻء َﳚ َﻌ َ‬ ‫بﲑ و� ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق اﻟ َﻜ ِ‬
‫� ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫�ت و ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ‬ ‫ﴎ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ َﲝﺜﻮا ﰲ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﲅ ﲠﺎ ِ �‬ ‫اﳌَﺒﺎ ِﺣ ِﺚ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﯿﲑ اﻟﻮا ِﻗﻊ ِ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﴎ اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ِ‬ ‫ٔأﺗ َْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔأ�ﻧﻮا ﻋﻦ ِ ّ ِ‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳌُﻌﺮ‪‬ﺏ‬
‫ﰟ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ٔأ ْرﺑﻌ ُﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﺴﺎ ٍم‪:‬‬ ‫� ُ‬
‫ﺮب و ٔأﻟْ َﺤ َﻘ ْتﻪ ﺑأٔﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﲑ اﳌُﻠ َﺤ ِﻖ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ �َ �ﲑﺗْﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﳌ ُ � ُ‬
‫ُﺮوف ا ٔ� ْﺻﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰷ ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ ﰲ َ ْﲢﺪﯾ ِﺪ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫و ُﺣ ْ ُﲂ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ِﻢ‪ٔ :‬أن َ‬
‫اﻟﴫ ِ ّﰲ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ :‬د ْر َﱒ ٔأﻟْ َﺤﻘﻮﻩ ﺑبِنﺎ ِء ِﳗ َْﺮع‪ ،‬وﲠَ ْ َﺮج ٔأﻟْ َﺤﻘﻮﻩ َ�ﺴﻠْﻬَﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫و �اﻟﺰاﺋِﺪ ِة و َاﻟﻮ ْز ِن � ْ‬
‫ﻘﻮب ٔأﻟْ َﺤﻘﻮﻩ َ ْﺑﲑﺑﻮع‪.‬‬ ‫ْﺼﺎر‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﳝﺎس‪ ،‬وٕا ْﲮ َﺎق ٔأﻟْ َﺤﻘﻮﻩ ٕ�ﻋ ٍ‬ ‫ودﯾﻨﺎر ٔأﻟْ َﺤﻘﻮﻩ ٍ‬
‫ﺮب وﱂ ﯾُﻠْ ِﺤﻘﻮﻩ ﺑأٔﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ َ ْﳚﺮي‬ ‫�ﲑ اﳌُﻠ َﺤ ِﻖ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ �َ � َﲑﺗْﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﲑ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﳌ ُ � ُ‬
‫ِﻨﺎءﻩ ﻟيﺲ �ﲆ ٔأﺑْني ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛‬ ‫�ﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺎ َ ْﳚﺮي �ﲆ ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن ﺑ َ‬
‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬آ ٓ ُﺟ ّ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬وا ْ� ِﺮ َ�ﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﲆ ﺑِﻨﺎ ٍء ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺑْني ِﺔ‬ ‫ُﻐﲑﻩ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﲑ اﳌُﻠ � َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑأٔﺑْ ِﻨيﳤِ ﻢ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗ ِ ّ ْ‬ ‫�ﲑ اﳌ ُ � ِ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ -٣‬‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُي َﻌ �ﺪ ِﻣﳯﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺧ �ُﺮم‪� ،‬أ ِﳊ َﻖ ُ�ﺴ �ﲅ‪.‬‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ �ﲆ ٔأﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ُﻐﲑﻩ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫�ﲑ اﳌُﻠ َﺤ ِﻖ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗ ِ ّ ْ‬ ‫ﻐﲑ ْ ُ‬ ‫�ﲑ اﳌ ُ � ِ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ -٤‬‬
‫اﺳﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﯾَﺜبُ ُﺖ ﺑﻪ َو ْز ُن )ﻓُﻌﺎﻻن(‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾُ َﻌ �ﺪ ِﻣﳯﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﺧﺮ َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَﻮاﺋِﺪُ ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﴫ ِف ﻧ َْﻮ ِ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ُء اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ُﺔ ﰲ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴫ ِف و َﻣنْﻊ ِ � ْ‬
‫ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﯾُﻌ َﺘ �ﺪ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤ ِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ �أد ِ�ﻠَ ْﺖ �ﻠﯿﻪ ﻻ ُم اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ ّ :‬ا�ﯾﺒﺎجِ و ّ ِا�ﯾﻮ ِان‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻌ َﺘ �ﺪ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤ ِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻌ َ ُﲅ‪ ،‬ﻓﲅ ﯾُﺪ ِ�ﻠﻮا �ﻠﯿﻪ ﻻ َم اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﳻ‬
‫و�يﴗ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻞ ﻛﲈ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ا �ٕﻻ ﻣﺎ إﻟﯿﻪ �ﺎ� ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣث ُﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌ ُ ّ ِﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﺪ ﯾُ ْﺒﻘﻲ ُ‬
‫َﻛﺜﲑٌ ﰲ ِﺷ ْﻌ ِﺮ ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻫ َْﺴ َﻔ َﺮم‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ْﳛ ُﺎن‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻫﺴپﺮم؛‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﲰ ُﲔ ونَ ْﺮ ِﺟ ٌﺲ * ﯾُ َﺼ ِ ّﺒ ُﺤﻨﺎ ِﰲ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﰻ َد ْﺟ ٍﻦ ﺗَ َﻐ �ﯿﲈ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪ :‬وﺷﺎﻫ َْﺴ َﻔ َﺮ ْم و ِ ِ‬
‫‪۷‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳊُﻜﻢ ﺑﺄﻋﺠﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻠّﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺗ َُﻌﺮ ُف ُ ْﲺﻤ ُﺔ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ َﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋِ َﻞ �َﺪﯾﺪ ٍة َذ َﻛ َﺮﻫﺎ ٔأﺋِ �ﻤ ُﺔ الﻠ�ﻐﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ‪:‬‬
‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿ ُ� ا ��وﱃ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ْﻘ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﲈت اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫يﺎن َ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﺑبَ ِ‬‫ﺑأٔن ﯾَﻨ ُﻘ َﻞ ذ� ٔأ َ�ﺪُ ٔأﺋِ �ﻤ ِﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﻋ َﺘﲎ ٔأﺋِ �ﻤ ُﺔ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﺣيﺚ اﻟ ِﺒنْي ُﺔ وا�� ﻻ�‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ِﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ آآﻟَ ْﺖ إﻟﯿﻪ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻈﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫َﺮي‪ ،‬وا ِ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬ ‫َﺮي‪ ،‬واﳉ َْﻮﻫ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ ‪-‬ﰷ ِ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْزﻫ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺎب اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ اﻟْ َ َﱱ َم ٔأ ْﲱ ُ‬
‫�ﺎﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َﻋ َﻘﺪَ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ﰲ َ ْﲨﻬَﺮِﺗﻪ ً�� �‬ ‫�ت؛ ْ‬ ‫و�ﲑﱒ‪ -‬اﻻٕﺷﺎر َة إﱃ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺪي‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫و �اﻟﺰ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺻﺎرت ﰷلﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ( ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬ�‬ ‫ﺣﱴ َ‬ ‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ �‬ ‫َ �ﲰﺎﻩ‪�) :‬ب ﻣﺎ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫اﻟ� ِم ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّﻤﻲ(‪.‬‬‫وﲰﺎﻩ‪) :‬ﻣﺎ �َﳫ� َﻢ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻘﺪَ ا ُ�ﻦ ﻗُتَ ْﯿﺒ َﺔ ً�� ﰲ ٔأد َِب ا�ﲀ ِﺗ ِﺐ َ �‬
‫ﺮب؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﻟ�ﱵ ٔأ َ� َﺬ ﻋﳯﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ﯿﺪون َ‬ ‫وﻫﺆﻻء اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ُء ﰷﻧﻮا ُﳚ َ‬
‫ْبﺎﱐ ﯾَﻌ ِﺮ ُف اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ َﺔ؛‬
‫اﻟﺸي �‬ ‫وﰷن ٔأﺑﻮ َ ْﲻ ٍﺮو �‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮن ِ‬ ‫ﺮي‪ ،‬ﰷﻧﻮا ﯾَﻌ ِﺮ َ‬ ‫وا ٔ� ْزﻫ ِ ّ‬
‫َﺮي واﳉ َْﻮ َﻫ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺮب ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ِﺔ ُﻣ َﺤ ْﺰ َرق ‪-‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫إذ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ٔأ �ﻣﻪ ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ًﺔ؛ ﻛﲈ �ﺎ َء ﰲ ِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﰷن ٔأﺑﻮ َ ْﲻ ٍﺮو ﯾ َ ِﻨﻄ ُﻘﻬﺎ‪ُ :‬ﻣ َﺤ ْﺮ َزق؛ ﺑ َﺘ ْﻘﺪ ِﱘ �اﻟﺮا ِء �ﲆ �اﻟﺰ ِاي‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل ٔأﺑﻮ زﯾ ٍﺪ‬ ‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺤﺒﻮس‪َ -‬‬
‫ْﺼﺎري‪) :‬و �أ �م ٔأﰊ َ ْﲻ ٍﺮو ﻧ َ َﺒ ِﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ٔأ ْ� َ ُﲅ ﲠﺎ ِﻣن�ﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ا ٔ�ﻧ �‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮ ِب ﻋﳯﺎ؛‬ ‫�ﲑ َ‬ ‫ﲈت اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ُ�ﺴﺆ ِال ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬‫ﲱ ِﺔ َ ِ‬‫ﺘﺎﱐ ﯾ َ َﺘثب� ُﺖ ِﻣﻦ ِ �‬ ‫�ﺎﰎ ا ِ ّﻟﺴ ِﺠ ْﺴ� �‬ ‫وﰷن ٔأﺑﻮ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﯿﺎب‪َ :‬ﻋ َﺮﺿْ ُﺘﻪ �ﲆ روﻣي� ٍﺔ وﻗﻠْ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﻮن( وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﻼﻃ ِ‬‫)اﻟﺴ ْﻘ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل ﻋﻦ �‬ ‫إذ �ﺎ َء ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬا؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻟَﺖ‪ِ ِ :‬ﲭ �ﻼ ُﻃﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ‬ ‫و�ﲑﻩ ِﻣ �ﻤﻦ �َﳫ�ﻤﻮا ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎب َﻋ �ﺰام �ﲆ اﳉَﻮ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ َاﻟﻮﻫ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ٔأ� ََﺬ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻣﻮرا؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ٔأ ً‬

‫‪۸‬‬
‫بﲔ ا�� ﻟﯿ ُﻞ �ﲆ َﻛ ْﻮﳖِ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ﻻ ﯾ َ َﺘ � ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻮن إﱃ ا ِ ّد�ﺎ ِء اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤ ِﺔ ﰲ ٔأﻟْ ٍ‬ ‫‪ٔ -١‬أﳖ� ﻢ ﰷﻧﻮا � ُﺴﺎ ِر َ‬
‫ﺒﺎب؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ًﺔ‪ ،‬و�َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ ذ� ٔ� ْﺳ� ٍ‬
‫دون ٔأن ﺗَأٔ ُ� َﺬ إ�ﺪى الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ا ِﺗ ّﻔﺎﻗًﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻟَ ْﻔ َﻈﲔِ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ َﺘﲔِ رﺑ�ﲈ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟت�ﺸﺎﺑُ ُﻪ ْ َ‬
‫ا ��ﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﻮر ُﻣ ْﻤﺘ �ﺪ ٍة ﻗ ْب َﻞ‬
‫ﻔﺎﻇﺎ ﻟ ُﻌ ٍ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ٔأﻟْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� َﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗَﺒﺎ َدﻟَ ْﺖ ﻣ َﻊ �ﺎراﲥِ ﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ن الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﺳي�ﳤِ ﺎ‬‫ﻓتﻜﻮن َدﻋْﻮى ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ﺳﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ‪َ -‬ﻣث ًَﻼ‪ٔ -‬أﻟْ ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ َد َ� َﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ ْ‬
‫َﻣ ْﺸ ً‬
‫ﻜﻮﰷ ﻓﳱﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ؛ َﳁﺜ ًَﻼ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ و ٔأ َﺧﻮاﲥِ ﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ن �ُﻠَﲈ َء الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ﱂ ﯾ َ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓﻮا اﻟ َﻘﺮاﺑ َﺔ ْ َ‬
‫َﺧيﻼ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﯾ َ ْﻌ َﺘ ِﱪوا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ د ً‬ ‫ﰻ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ َﻋﺮ ٍ ّﰊ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮ ٍد ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫ا ْﻋ َﺘ َﱪوا �‬
‫ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ ﺳﺎ ِﻣ ّ ٍﻲ وا ِ�ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﲈت ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻮل َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻮن إﱃ اﻟْ ِﺘ ِﲈس �أ ِ‬ ‫ُﺴﺎر َ‬ ‫‪ٔ -٢‬أﳖ� ﻢ ﰷﻧﻮا � ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت؛ ﰲ �ﲔِ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮﳖِ ﺎ ٔأ ْﻗ َﺮ َب ﳍﻢ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ُﻣنْ ُﺬ َﻋﻬْ ٍﺪ ﺑَﻌﯿ ٍﺪ؛‬
‫ﴪ َب إﱃ ِ‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ و� َ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ ٔأو ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ُروﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ ٔأ �ن َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ َ :‬ﳇﻤ ِﺔ )دﯾﻨﺎر( ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﻓﳱﺎ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ﻼف اﳊ ِ‬
‫ُﺮوف‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿ ُ� اﻟﺜ�ﺎﻧﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﺋْ ِﺘ ُ‬
‫ُﺮوف �ﲆ ﺻﻮرﺗَﲔِ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻼف اﳊ ِ‬ ‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘ ُﺔ اﺋْ ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺮب؛ ﻓيُﺴ�ﺘﺪَ �ل ﺑﺬ� �ﲆ ٔأ �ن‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﻻ َ ْﲡ ِﳣ ُﻊ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺮوف ُﻣتَﻨﺎ ِﻓﺮ ٌة ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أن َ ْﲡ َﺘ ِﻤ َﻊ ُﺣ ٌ‬
‫ﺮوف ﻻ ﺗُﺆ ِﻟ ّ ُﻒ ِﻣثﻠَﻬﺎ‬ ‫�ﺎءك َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْب ِﻨ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ُﺣ ٍ‬ ‫)ﻓﺎذا َ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫َِ‬
‫�‬
‫�ﲑ ﻫﺎﺋِ ٍﺐ ﻟﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮﺿ َﻊ ا�� � ِْﻞ ِﻣ ْﳯﺎ َﻓﺮ َددْﲥَ ﺎ َْ‬ ‫ﺮب َﻋ َﺮﻓْ َﺖ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬

‫‪۹‬‬
 ‫�ﺎﺻﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا �ﺎﻟَ َﻔ ِﺖ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻟﻜﳯ� ﺎ ﺗَﻠْ ِﱱ ُم �َ ْﺮﺗي ًبﺎ �‬ ‫ﺮوف ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ٔأن َ ْﲡ ِﳣ َﻊ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أن َ ْﲡ ِﳣ َﻊ ُﺣ ٌ‬
‫ُﺮوف‬ ‫ﺮب ﯾﻘﻮ ُم �ﲆ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﺗيﺐ َد �ل �ﲆ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ دَﺧي ٌ�؛ ذ� ٔأ �ن َ� َم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ َ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﻫﺬا � ْ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫اﳌ ُ َﺘﺒﺎ ِ�ﺪ ِة اﳌَ�ﺎ ِرجِ �ﺎ ِﻟ ًﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺮب‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮوف ﻻ َ ْﳚ ِﳣ ُﻊ ِﻣثﻠُﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِﳁﻦ اﻟﻨ� ْﻮعِ ا ٔ� �و ِل‪ :‬ا ْﺟ ِتﲈ ُع ُﺣ ٍ‬
‫ﻓﺎ�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬اﳉ َْﻮ ِق؛‬ ‫ﻌﺎن ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا ا ْﺟتَ َﻤ َﻌﺘﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎف ﻻ َ ْﲡ ِﳣ ِ‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﳉ ُﲓ و ُ‬
‫ﴫ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘ َبﺞ؛ وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻜ َﺮوان‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘﻄﯿ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ�ﺎ ِة‪ ،‬واﳉ َْﻮ َﺳﻖ؛ وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﻟَ�ﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ُﻌﻮ ُد‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ُد واﳉ ُﲓ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ا ِﳉ ِّﺺ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﯾُ ْﻄﲆ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫‪ -٢‬و �‬
‫اﳌ ُ َﻌﻮ ّج‪.‬‬
‫َﺮي‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻖ ﯾُ ْﻘﲆ �ﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﯿ َﺠﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِﺎﺟﻦ و �‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎ ُء واﳉ ُﲓ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪� :‬‬ ‫‪� -٣‬‬
‫ﻌﺎن ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ َﺎء واﳉ َﲓ ﻻ َ ْﳚ ِﳣ ِ‬ ‫)و�ﻫﲈ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب؛ ٔ� �ن �‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِء ﻻ ﯾَﺪ� ِ‬
‫ُﻼن‬ ‫َﺮي‪) :‬ا �ٕن اﻟﺘ� َﺎء ﻣ َﻊ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺴﺖ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎ ُء واﻟﺘ�ﺎ ُء؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪� :‬‬ ‫‪� -٤‬‬
‫ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ وا ِ�ﺪ ٍة أ ْٔﺻﻠ �ﯿ َﺘﲔِ ﰲ ﳾ ٍء ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﱊ‪) :‬ﻟَ ْﻔﻈ ٌﺔ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑةُ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻔي� �‬ ‫ا�ﲀف واﳉ ُﲓ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻛ ْﻨﺪوج‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ِﳋﺰاﻧ ُﺔ �‬ ‫‪ُ -٥‬‬
‫َﴫ َف‬ ‫ﻌﺎن ﰲ َﳇﻤ ٍﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ا �ٕﻻ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟَﻬﻢ‪َ :‬ر ُ� ٌﻞ َﺟ ِﻜ ٌﺮ وﻣﺎ ﺗ َ �‬ ‫ا�ﲀف واﳉ َﲓ ﻻ َ ْﳚ ِﳣ ِ‬ ‫ٔ� �ن َ‬
‫ِﻣﳯﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺮوف ا ��ﻻﻗ ِﺔ ِﺳ�ﺘ� ٌﺔ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ َﺣ ْﺮ ٌف َذ ْوﻟَ �ﻘﻲ‪ ،‬و ُﺣ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫�ﲑ ٔأن َ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬اﳉ ُﲓ واﻟﺘ�ﺎ ُء ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮن‪ ،‬و �اﻟﻼ ُم واﻟﻔﺎ ُء‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﺎ ُء واﳌ ُﲓ(؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ا ِﳉ ْﺒ ِﺖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ‬ ‫)اﻟﺮا ُء واﻟﻨ� ُ‬ ‫ﱔ‪� :‬‬
‫َﺮي‪) :‬وﻫﺬا ﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﺤ ِﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺣ ِﺮ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ا �ﻟﺼ َ ِﲌ وا�ﲀ ِﻫ ِﻦ و �‬
‫�ﲑ َﺣ ْﺮ ٍف َذ ْوﻟَ ّﻘﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﲓ واﻟﺘ�ﺎ ِء ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ وا ِ�ﺪ ٍة ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ؛ِ ﻻ ْﺟ ِتﲈعِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﲔِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ُد ﻣ َﻊ ِ ّ‬ ‫َﺮي‪) :‬وﻻ ﺗَأٔﺗَ ِﻠ ُﻒ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲔِ ٔأو ﻣ َﻊ �اﻟﺰ ِاي؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ُد ﻣ َﻊ ِ ّ‬ ‫‪� -٧‬‬
‫وﻻ ﻣ َﻊ �اﻟﺰ ِاي ﰲ ﳾ ٍء ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ‪) :‬وﻟيﺴﺖ ﺑ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎ ُء‪ِ :‬ﻣث ُﻞ ا ٕﻻ ْﺻ َﻄ ْﻔ ِﻠﯿﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ اﳉ ََﺰرةُ؛ وﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ُد و �‬ ‫‪� -٨‬‬
‫ﻌﺎن ﰲ َﻣ ْﺤ ِﺾ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﲀدان َ ْﲡ ِﳣ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ َء ﻻ �َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ َد و �‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺤﻀ ٍﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن �‬
‫‪۱۰‬‬
‫ﺘﺎن‪ُ ) ،‬ﻣ َﻌ �ﺮ ُب ﺑُﻮ ْﺳ�ﺘﺎن‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬آ ٓ ِ� ُﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﲔ واﻟﺘ�ﺎ ُء ﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ َ ِﳇﻤ ِﺔ � ُ ْﺴ� ٍ‬ ‫‪ -٩‬اﻟﺒﺎ ُء و ِ ّ‬
‫ﺣﱴ �أ ْﻃﻠَﻘﻮﻩ �ﲆ ا ٔ� ْﴭ ِﺎر(‪.‬‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ‪� ُ ...‬ﰒ ﺗ ُُﻮ ِّﺳ َﻊ ﻓيﻪ �‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎف؛ �ﺎ َء ﰲ )�جِ اﻟ َﻌﺮوس(‪) :‬وﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ �اﻟﺮ ْﲪ ِﻦ‪ :‬ﺗأٔ ُﻟﯿﻒ‬ ‫ا�ﲀف و ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪-١٠‬‬
‫ﻲء َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ا�ﲀف َﻣ ْﻌﻘﻮ ٌم ﰲ ﺑِﻨﺎ ِء اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ِب َﻣﺨ َْﺮ َﺟﳱﲈ ا �ٕﻻ ٔأن َﲡ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎف و ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ًﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﲔ ﻣ َﻊ �اﻟﺰ ِاي ﰲ َ� ِم‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﲔ و �اﻟﺰ ُاي؛ �ﺎ َء ﰲ )ا�ﳤ� ْﺬﯾﺐ(‪� ) :‬أ ِﳘﻠَ ِﺖ ِ ّ‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫‪-١١‬‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗيﺐ ُﳜﺎ ِﻟ ُﻒ �َ ْﺮﺗيﳢَ ﺎ ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪:‬‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ْﻮعِ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ :‬ا ْﺟ ِتﲈ ُع ُﺣ ٍ‬
‫ﺮوف َ ْﺑﱰ ٍ‬
‫ﺪاس ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻮن ﻗ ْب َﻞ �اﻟﺮا ِء‪ِ :‬ﻣث ُﻞ نَ ْﺮ ِﺟﺲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َزﻫ ٌْﺮ‪ ،‬وﻧ َْﻮ َرج‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻣﺠﻲ ُء اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ُم‪ ،‬و ِن ْﺮ ِﺳ�ﯿﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺟ َﻮ ُد اﻟﺘ� ْﻤ ِﺮ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪) :‬وﻟيﺲ ﰲ َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ ٌ‬
‫ﻧﻮن‬ ‫�‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ ِ‬
‫�ﺎﺟﺰ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻫﺎ را ٌء ْ ِ‬
‫‪َ -٢‬ﻣﺠﻲ ُء �اﻟﺰ ِاي ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا�� ِال؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ اﳌُﻬَ ْﻨ ِﺪ ِز‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ا�ي ﯾُ ِّﻘﺪ ُر َﻣ َ‬
‫�ﺎري ا ٔ�ﺑْ ِني ِﺔ‬
‫)اﳌُﻬَﻨ ِﺪس(‪ ،‬واﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪاز‪.‬‬
‫ﻈﻮر‪) :‬ا ٔ� ْﻗﻠَ ُﺶ‪ :‬ا ٌ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﲔِ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ �اﻟﻼ ِم؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ ا ٔ� ْﻗﻠَ ِﺶ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬ ‫‪َ -٣‬ﻣﺠﻲ ُء ِ ّ‬
‫ﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﰟ �أ َﲺ �‬
‫ﺷﲔ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻻ ٍم ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ َﻣ ْﺤﻀ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺮب ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ دَﺧي ٌﻞ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ينﺎت ُﳇ�ﻬﺎ ﰲ َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ ﻗ ْب َﻞ �اﻟﻼﻣﺎت(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫ٕاﻧ �ﲈ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺮوف ا ��ﻻﻗ ِﺔ ا �ٕﻻ ﰲ )ﻋ َْﺴ َ�ﺪ(‬ ‫ُﲈﳼ ﻻ َ ْﳜﻠﻮ ِﻣﻦ ُﺣ ِ‬ ‫�ﻋﻲ واﳋ �‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأ �ن �اﻟﺮ �‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫ْ‬
‫�ﺎءت َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﻮن ﲟﺎ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻐﻨ� ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﲔ َﺑﺼﻔ ِﲑﻫﺎ ٔأ ْﺷ�ﳢَ َ ِﺖ اﻟﻨ� َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ا ��ﻫ َُﺐ؛ ٔ� �ن ِ ّ‬
‫ﺮب –وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺮوف ا ��ﻻﻗ ِﺔ ﻓﻬيﻲ ﻟيﺴﺖ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ُر�ﻋ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأو ﺧُﲈﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﻟيﺲ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ ُﺣ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ ﰲ ُﻣﻌ َﺠ ِﻤﻪ‪ِ -‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻘ َﺠﺶ‪ ،‬و ُﺣﻈﺎﺋِﺞ‪ِ ْ ،‬‬

‫‪۱۱‬‬
 ‫زان اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ُﺮوج ﻋﻦ ا ٔ� ْو ِ‬ ‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿ ُ� اﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِﻟﺜ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳋ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ إذا �ﺎ َء �ﲆ ِﻣثﺎ ِﻟﻬﺎ َ)و ْزﳖِ ﺎ( َ� ٌم َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕن ﺧ ََﺮ َﺟ ِﺖ َ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻄﻮن‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ُ ْ‬ ‫�ﲑ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ﻤﻲ؛ ٔ� �ن‬ ‫ﻔﺎر‪� ،‬أ َﲺ �‬ ‫ﻈﻮر‪) :‬اﻟ َﻘ َﺮ ْﺻ ُ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻓﻬيﻲ ْ ُ‬ ‫زان اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ ْو ِ‬
‫ﻓَ َﻌﻠ � ًﻮﻻ وﻓَ َﻌﻠ�ﻮ�ً ﻟَيْﺴﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺑْ ِﻨيﳤِ ﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫زان ﻓﻠيﺲ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ ،‬ﳁﺎ ﺧ ََﺮ َج ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ� ْو ِ‬ ‫زان اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾَأٔﰐ �ﻠﳱﺎ َ� ُم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺑ َ � َﲔ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ُء ا ٔ� ْو َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ� ْو ِ‬
‫زان‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﱊ ﰲ "ﻓﺎﻧﯿﺬ"‪) :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﻠْﻮى‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻓﺎﻋﯿﻞ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺑﯿﻞ وﻫﺎﺑﯿﻞ وﻓﺎﻧﯿﺬ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻔي� �‬
‫ﺮﰊ(‪.‬‬‫اﻟ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ّ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﯿﻞ ِﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫‪ ...‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ؛ ﻟ َﻔ ْﻘ ِﺪ ٍ‬
‫ﻮﱊ‪) :‬وﻟيﺲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺎص اﳋﺎ ِﻟ ُﺺ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻔي� �‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﺎ�ُﻞ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬آ ٓ ُﺟﺮ‪ ،‬وآٓﻧ ُﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺮﰊ ﻓﺎ�ُ ٌﻞ ‪ ...‬و ٔآ �ﻣﺎ ا�ٓﻧ ُُﻚ وا�ٓ ُﺟ ُﺮ ِﻓﳰ َ ْﻦ َﺧﻔ� َﻒ ‪ ...‬ﻓآٔ ْﲺ ِﻤ �ﯿﺎت(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ ّ‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫)اﻟﴪا ِد ُق ِ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻓُﻌﺎ ِلﻞ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﴎا ِدق؛ ﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺮا ِﻏ ُﺐ‪� :‬‬
‫ﰟ ُﻣ َﻔﺮ ٌد � ِﻟﺜُﻪ ٔأ ِﻟ ٌﻒ وﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻩ َﺣ ْﺮﻓﺎن(‪.‬‬ ‫َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ ا ٌ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَ ْﻨبيﻪٌ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �ﲆ َو ْز ِﻧﻪ ) ِﻣ ِثﺎ�( َ� ٌم َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕن ﱂ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ﻻ ﺑُ �ﺪ ٔأن َ‬ ‫ﰟ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﰾ َ‬ ‫� ُ‬
‫ﰟ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب َ� ٌم َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ﻓﻼ ﯾَﺜبُ ُﺖ ﺑﻪ َو ْز ٌن‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ �َﴚ ﺑﻪ ِﻋﺒﺎر ُة‬ ‫�َ ُﻜ ْﻦ �ﲆ َو ْز ِن � ِ‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫ﻘﻮل ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ِﺔ )ﺑَﻘ� ٍﻢ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﴭ ٌَﺮ‪) :‬وٕاﻧ �ﲈ �َ ِﻠ ْﻤﻨﺎ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ دَﺧي ٌﻞ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ لﻠ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫َﻠﯿﻞ؛ إذ ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳋ ِ‬
‫َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ �ﲆ ﺑِﻨﺎ ِء ﻓَ �ﻌﻞ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ﰷﻧ َﺖ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ِء ﻟَ ُﻮ ِ�ﺪَ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧ َﻈﲑٌ ( ‪ ،‬واﻓْ ِﱰ ُاض ُوﺟﻮ ِد َو ْز ٍن‬
‫ﺻﻮل و �اﻟﺰواﺋِ ِﺪ ٔأ ْﻣ ًﺮا‬
‫�ﻜﻮن َاﻟﻮ ْز ُن و َﻣ ْﻌﺮﻓ ُﺔ ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ﻻ ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﲀن ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ﻛﺬا وﻛﺬا‪َ ،‬وزواﺋِﺪُ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺬا وﻛﺬا؛‬ ‫َﻘﻮل‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﰷﻧ َﺖ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ �َ َ‬ ‫اﻓْ ِﱰاﺿ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ�ٔﻧ �ﻨﺎ ﻧ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ا �ٕن‬‫�ﲔ ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن اﳉ َْﺬ ُر َﻋ َﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ‪َ ،‬ﳁﺜ ًَﻼ َ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ ٔأن َ‬ ‫ﺘﱪ ﰲ َﻛ ْﻮ ِن َ ِ‬ ‫ذ� ٔأ �ن اﳌ ُ ْﻌ َ َ‬
‫اﴈ؛ ٔ� �ن‬ ‫ﺛﯿﺎب‪ٔ -‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬دﺑﺬ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ �َﺪاﻩ زاﺋِ ٌﺪ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﻣ ٌﺮ اﻓْ ِﱰ �‬ ‫"دَ�ﺑُﻮذ" ‪-‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ُع ٍ‬

‫‪۱۲‬‬
‫ﻟ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ "دَ�ﺑﻮذ"‪،‬‬ ‫ﻈﻮر َﻣﺪ� ًَﻼ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﳉ َْﺬ َر ﻻ ُوﺟﻮ َد � ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ﻟﯿﻞ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﱂ ﯾَﺬ ُﻛ ْﺮ ﻓيﻪ ِﺳﻮاﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪَ ِ‬
‫و�ﲔ ﯾُﻘ ُﺎل ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ِﺔ نَ ْﺮ ِﺟﺲ‪ :‬ا �ٕن َو ْزﳖَ ﺎ )ﻧ َ ْﻔ ِﻌﻞ(‪ ،‬ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ اﳌ ُ ْﻔ َﱰ َض "رﺟﺲ"‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﲿﺴ ُﺐ‪ ،‬وﻻ �َﻼﻗ َﺔ ﳌ َ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﲟ َ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ �أﻟْ ِﺤ َﻘ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ ْ‬‫ﻟﻜﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ� ْﺬ ٌر َﻋﺮ �ﰊ �‬
‫ﺪان ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ(‪:‬‬‫ﺮﰊ )ﻓُ ْﻘ ُ‬ ‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿ ُ� �اﻟﺮاﺑِﻌ ُﺔ‪َ� :‬ﺪَ ُم ُوﺟﻮ ِد َ� ْﺬ ٍر َﻋ ٍ ّ‬
‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب دَﺧي ٌﻞ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠيﺲ � ٔأ ْﺻ ٌﻞ �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �أ ِ� َﺬ ِﻣﳯﺎ ﻓ�‬
‫ﻧﺖ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﳌَأٔﺧﻮ ُذ ِﻣﳯﺎ ﻟُﻐ ًﺔ ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎﻗي�ﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺳ� َﺘﺪ �ل اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ُء �ﲆ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ٌﻞ �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ إذا ﰷ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن � َ� ْﺬ ٌر ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬وا ْﺳ� َﺘﺪﻟ�ﻮا �ﲆ ُ ْﲺﻤ ِﺘﻪ ﺑأٔ �ﻻ َ‬ ‫َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ﺑأٔن َ‬
‫ﻟﯿﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻟﯿﻞ ا ْﺳ� َﺘﺪ �ل ﺑﻪ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ُء‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ْﺪﻻ ِﻟﻬﻢ ﲠﺬا ا�� ِ‬ ‫َ� ْﺬ ٌر َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ﲟ َ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ٔأ ْﻗﻮى د ٍ‬
‫ﰷن‬‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ﰲ �َ ْﺮﺟي ِ�ﻪ ٔأ �ن ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ )اﻟﺘ�ﻨ� ِﻮر( ‪-‬وﻫﻮ ا�ﲀﻧﻮن �ا�ي ُﳜ َ ُﱫ ﻓيﻪ‪ٕ :‬اﻧ �ﻪ ﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﳉَﻮ ّ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﲀن ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� )ﺗ ََﲊ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑِﻨﺎ ٌء ﻻ ﯾُ َﻌﺮ ُف ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑِﻨﺎ ُؤﻩ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ �َ َ‬
‫ﻐﺎر الﻠ � ْﺆﻟُ ِﺆ‪) :-‬ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ �َ ْﻜ ٍﺮ‪ :‬وﱂ ٔأ ْ َﲰ ْﻊ‬ ‫و�ﺎء ﰲ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤﺔ )اﳌ َ ْﺮ�ﺎن( ‪-‬وﻫﻮ ِﺻ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﻛﺬ�(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴫ ٍف‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺣ ِﺮ ﺑﻪ ٔأن َ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ ُﻣتَ ِّ‬ ‫� ﺑ ِﻔ ٍ‬
‫ﲈت اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ اﺿْ ِﻄﺮ ًا� َﺷﺪﯾﺪً ا؛ ٔ� �ن اﳌ ُ َﺘﻮﻗ� َﻊ ٔأ �ﻻ‬ ‫ﻮن ﰲ ِ�ﻼجِ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب الﻠ � َﻐﻮﯾ � َ‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ اﺿْ َﻄ َ‬
‫ﻘﺎق‬‫ﺣيﺚ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬ ‫ﲈت اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ُﺔ ﰲ َﲨﯿﻊ ِ ا ٔ� ْﺣﻮ ِال َﻣ ْﺠﺮى َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺮي َ ِ‬ ‫َ ْﲡ َ‬
‫ا�ت الﻠ � َﻐﻮﯾ ّ َِﲔ ﰲ ذ�‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘ� ْﴫ ُﯾﻒ‪ ،‬وا ْﻋ ِﺘ ُﺒﺎر ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِ ّﲇ و �اﻟﺰاﺋِ ِﺪ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ اﺿْ ِﻄﺮ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ )‪(narkisoss‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗَ ْﻮﻟُﻬﻢ ﰲ )نَ ْﺮ ِﺟﺲ(‪ :‬وﻫﻮ َزﻫ ٌْﺮ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ٔأ ْ َﲺ �ﻤﻲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫اﳌأٔﺧﻮذة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ�ﯿﺔ )نﺮ�ﺲ(؛ ْ‬
‫ﺮب‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬ﻓﺎٕن �ﺎ َء ﺑِﻨﺎ ٌء �ﲆ "ﻓَ ْﻌ ِﻠﻞ" ﰲ ِﺷ ْﻌ ٍﺮ ﻗَﺪ ٍﱘ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻈﲑ � ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﻧ َ‬
‫ﻮن ﻓيﻪ زاﺋِﺪ ٌة؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ٔأ �ن اﻟﻨ� َ‬‫ْﻓﺎر ُددْﻩ؛ ﻓ ٕﺎﻧ �ﻪ َﻣ ْﺼﻨﻮع(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟ� ِم ﺑِﻨﺎ ُء )ﻧ َ ْﻔ ِﻌﻞ(‪ ،‬واﺿْ َﻄ َﺮﺑ َ ِﺖ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ� ِم ﺑِﻨﺎ ُء )ﻓَ ْﻌ ِﻠﻞ(‪ ،‬وٕاﻧ �ﲈ ﰲ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪۱۳‬‬
 ‫ﻮﱊ ﰲ )رﺟﺲ( و)نﺮﺟﺲ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮﻫﺎ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫َﺮي‬ ‫ﻮﺿ ِﻌﻬﺎ؛ َ ْﻓﱰ َﺟ َﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬ ‫َ ْﲢﺪﯾ ِﺪ َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺮد ِة ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ َﺣ ْﺮ ِف اﳉﲓ‪ ،‬و�َﺮ َﺟ َﻢ � ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ �اﻟﺮ�ﻋ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �‬ ‫ﰲ ُ ْﲨ ِ� ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ﰲ )رﺟﺲ( و)نﺮﺟﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻗَ ْﻮﻟُﻬﻢ ﰲ ) َﻣنْ َﺠﻨﯿﻖ(‪ :‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ )‪َ (magganik-on‬د َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ ا�ٓراﻣي� َﺔ‬
‫ﻮن ﻓﳱﺎ زاﺋِﺪ ٌة‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ر ٔأى ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ ٔأ �ن اﻟﻨ� َ‬ ‫)ﻣنﺠﻨﯿﻘﺎ(‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ) َﻣنْ َﺠﻨﯿﻖ(‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻮن ٔأ ْﺻﻠ �ﯿ ٌﺔ واﳌ َﲓ زاﺋِﺪ ٌة‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ‬ ‫واﳌ َﲓ ٔأ ْﺻﻠ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وو ْ ﻧز َﻪ )ﻓَ ْن َﻌ ِﻠﯿﻞ(‪ ،‬ور ٔأى ْ ُ‬
‫�ﲑﻩ ٔأ �ن اﻟﻨ� َ‬
‫ﻮﱊ ﰲ )ﳎﻦ(‪ ،‬و�َﺮ َﺟ َﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ﰲ َ ْﲢﺪﯾ ِﺪ َ� ْﺬ ِرﻫﺎ؛ َﻓﱰ َﺟ َﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬ ‫اﺿْ َﻄﺮﺑ َ ِﺖ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ازي ﰲ )ﺟنﻖ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺮي‪ ،‬و�َﺮ َﺟ َﻢ � �اﻟﺮ �‬ ‫ﻈﻮر ﰲ )ﳎﻨﻖ( ُﻣت� ِﺒ ًﻌﺎ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْن ٍ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻗَ ْﻮﻟُﻬﻢ ﰲ ) ٕا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪق(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ّ ِا�ﯾﺒﺎجِ اﻟﻐَﻠﯿﻆُ‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲔِ‬‫�ب ا ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ ﻣ َﻊ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻮﱊ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ﰲ �َ ْﺮﲨﳤِ ﺎ؛ َﻓﱰ َ َﲨﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ اﺿْ َﻄﺮﺑ َ ِﺖ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻈﻮر ﰲ )�ﺮق( و)ﴎق(‪،‬‬ ‫�ﲆ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ِﻟ َﻔﻬﺎ ٔأ ْﺻﻠ �ﯿﺔ‪� ،‬ﲆ �ﲔِ َﺟ َﻌﻠَﻬﺎ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْن ٍ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎف �ﲆ ٔأ �ن َ ْﳘﺰﲥَ ﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ زاﺋِﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫ُﲈﳼ ِ‬ ‫َﺮي ﰲ ﺧ ِّ‬ ‫و َﺟ َﻌﻠَﻬﺎ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫ﻓـ)نَ ْﺮ ِﺟﺲ و َﻣنْ َﺠﻨﯿﻖ وٕا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪق( ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ؛ إذ ﻻ َ� ْﺬ َر ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑ َ ْﯿﺪَ ٔأ �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬
‫ﻘﺎق واﻟﺘ� ْﴫﯾﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣيﺚ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬ ‫َﻈﲑا َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ﺗُﻌﺎ َﻣ ُﻞ ُﻣﻌﺎ َﻣﻠ َﺘﻪ ِﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻧ ً‬‫اﻓْ َﱰﺿَ ْﺖ ﻟﻬﺎ ٔأو ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿ ُ� اﳋﺎ ِﻣﺴ ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻛ ْﱶ ُة الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺐ ﻓأ ْٔﺣ َﺴ� ُﺒﻪ ﻟيْ َﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﲀﻓﻮر ِﻣﻦ ِّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل‪) :‬ﻓأٔ �ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ ِة ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ؛ إذ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺎر ﻟﺘ� �‬ ‫ٔأ َ‬
‫َﺮي ٔأ �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬
‫ﺮب ﺗَ َﺘﻌ �ﺪ ُد‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻓﻮر(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫ﺮﰊ َﻣ ْﺤ ٍﺾ؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﻢ ُرﺑ�ﲈ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘﻔ� ُﻮر و ُ‬ ‫ﺑ َﻌ ٍ ّ‬
‫ﻼث‬ ‫ﻘﻮل ﰲ �َ ْﺮﲨ ِﺔ ا ٕﻻ ْ� ِﺮ َ�ﺴ ِﻢ‪) :‬وا ٕﻻ ْ� ِﺮ َ�ﺴ ُﻢ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﺛَ ُ‬ ‫ﻟُﻐﺎﲥُ ﺎ ﻓ� ﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِﻣﻬﺎ؛ ﻓ َي ُ‬
‫ﺮب َﲣ ِﻠﻂُ ﻓ� ﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِﻣﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫ﺮب إذا َوﻗَ َﻊ‬‫ﻘﻮل‪) :‬وﻛﺬ� َﳒِﺪُ اﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ؛ إذ ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ اﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫ﺷﺎر إﱃ ﻇﺎ ِﻫﺮ ِة ﺗَﻌ �ﺪ ِد الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫و ٔأ َ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠﻔ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﺑَﻐْﺪاذ‪ ،‬وﺑَﻐْﺪاد‪،‬‬ ‫ﻜﻦ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ �َﳫ�ﻤﻮا ﻓيﻪ ﺑأٔﻟْ ٍ‬ ‫إ�ﳱﻢ ﻣﺎ ﱂ �َ ْ‬
‫وﺑَﻐْﺪان(‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٤‬‬
‫�‬ ‫ﯾﺐ َﺳ َ َ‬ ‫ﰻ َﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ َم �ﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﲈت ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ ٔأ �ن �‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻼف الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫و�َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ ا ْﺧ ِت ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ٕاﺧْﻀﺎ ِﻋﻬﺎ ﻟ ٔ�ﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ اﻟ ِﻔ ِﻧﺮْﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َﻐﲑ ٔأ ْﺻﻮ ِات َ ِ‬ ‫َﻣﺴ�َ ًﲀ ُﻣﻌ �ﯿﻨًﺎ ﰲ ﺗ � ِ‬
‫َﺟ ْﻮﻫ َُﺮ اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻒ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ َ�) :‬ﺮﻧﺪ( �ﻟﺒﺎ ِء اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬وﱔ‪ِ �ِ :‬ﻧﺮْﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ� :‬ﻧﺮْﺪ ٔأﺑْﺪَ َل َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﺎء ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎء اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ً‬ ‫َﳁﻦ ﻗﺎ َل‪ِ :‬ﻓ ِﻧﺮْﺪ‪ٔ ،‬أﺑْﺪَ َل َ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫�ء ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ً‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺆﰻ ﻓيﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻜﻮن ) ْﺧﻮان( وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﯾُ َ ُ‬ ‫�ﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﳼ َﻣ ْبﺪو ٌء �‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ ذ� َ ِﳇﻤ ُﺔ ) ِﺧﻮان( ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ﺴﺎ� ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ؛ ِﳁﳯﻢ َﻣﻦ ا ْﺟتَﻠَ َﺐ‬ ‫�ﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﺧتَﻠَ َﻔ ِﺖ اﳌ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َﳚ ُﻮز ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﺑْ ِﺘﺪا ُء �‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﻢ َﻣﻦ‬ ‫�ﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ :‬ا ْﺧﻮان‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأﻗَ �ﻞ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ﻮﺻ َﻞ إﱃ اﻟﻨ� ْﻄ ِﻖ �‬ ‫� َ ْﳘﺰ ًة ﻟ َﯿ َﺘ �‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﻢ َﻣﻦ َﺣ �ﺮ َﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﴪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ِ :‬ﺧﻮان‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺷﻬ َُﺮ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫َﺣ �ﺮكَ اﳊ َْﺮ َف ا ٔ� �و َل �ﻟ َﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫�ﻟﻀ� ّ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ُ :‬ﺧﻮان‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأﻗَ �ﻞ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻜ ْﴪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِدﺳ ُﺔ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻌ ُﯿﺎر اﻟﺜ �ﻘﺎ �ﰲ واﻟﺘ� �‬
‫ﺎرﳜﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿ ُ� �‬
‫ﯿﺎء ٔأو َﻣﻔﺎﻫ َﲓ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ ْﻘ َﱰﺿ َﺔ )اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ َﺔ( �ﺎ ِﻟ ًﺒﺎ ﺗَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ ٔأ ْﺷ� َ‬ ‫واﳌ َ ْﻘﺼﻮ ُد ﲠﺬﻩ َاﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿ ِ� ٔأ �ن ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬وﯾَن ِت ُﺞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫�ﻘﺎﻓﺎت ﯾُﺆ ِ�ّ ُﺮ ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫�ﲑ َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ٍﺔ ﰲ ﺑيئ ِﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﻘ ِﱰﺿ ِﺔ؛ إذ ا �ٕن اﻟﺜ ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠيﺲ ﯾُﻨ ِﻜ ُﺮ ٔأ َ� ٌﺪ ٔأ �ن الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﺗَأٔ� َ�ﺮ ْت ﲜﲑاﳖِ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ِ‬ ‫ذ� ﺗَأٔ ُﺛﲑ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺗ� ا ٔ� َﻣ ِﻢ؛ ﻓأٔد�ى ذ� ﻻ ْﻗ ِﱰ ِاض اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب و ْ َ‬‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎل اﻟﺜ �ﻘﺎ ِ ّﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ اﻻ ِﺗ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎﻇﻬﻢ‪.‬‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ ٔأﻟْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﯿﺎر ﰲ اﳊ ْ ُِﲂ �ﲆ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗَنَب� َﻪ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ُء ِ�� ا ِﳌ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﺧيﻼ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق( ‪-‬وﱔ َﺣب� ٌﺔ �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄ َﻦ‪ -‬ﻗﺎ َل اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ‪) :‬وﻻ ٔأ ُﻇﻨ�ﻪ ا �ٕﻻ د ً‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ َ ِﳇﻤﺔ )اﻟﻬَ ْﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎق ﻻ ﺗﻮ َ�ﺪُ ا �ٕﻻ ﰲ‬ ‫ﲜﺒﺎل ﺑَﻠْ َﻌ ّ ِﻢ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻬَ ْﻤ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ِ‬ ‫�ﺎﺻ ًﺔ؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ ُ‬ ‫َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ‪ٔ ،‬أو َ� ِم ﺑَﻠْ َﻌ ّ ِﻢ �‬
‫بﺎل ﺑَﻠْ َﻌ ّ ِﻢ ِﻣﻦ ﺑﻼ ِد اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ َدﻟﯿ ٌﻞ �ﲆ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺟ ِ‬

‫‪۱٥‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺤﻨﺎ َء‬‫اﻟﺼ ُﲑ �ا�ي � ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ �‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ اﻟﺘ�أٔ� َ�ﺮ ُﲝ ْ ِﲂ ا ِﳉﻮ ِار اﳉُ ْﻐﺮا ِ ّﰲ؛ ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬و ّ ِ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ� َﻞ ﰲ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم‬ ‫ﻮن ﺑﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم ﯾ َ َﺘﳫ� ُﻤ َ‬
‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�؛ ٔ� �ن ٔأ ْﻫ َﻞ �‬ ‫أ ْٔﺣ َﺴ� ُﺒﻪ ُ ْ‬
‫ﯿﺎء ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮب اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق ٔأ ْﺷ� َ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ا ْﺳ� َﺘﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َﻋ ُ‬‫َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ �ﺎ َء ﻓيﻪ ٔأ �ن َ ِﳇﻤ َﺔ ) ٕا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪق( َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﻞ؛ ْ‬ ‫ْﻘﺎن( ِﻋﺒﺎر ٌة و ِاﲵ ٌﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ا�� ِ‬ ‫وﰲ )ا ٕﻻﺗ ِ‬
‫بيﻼ؛ ذ�‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ � َ ْﺴ� َﺘﻄﯿ ُﻊ إﱃ ذ� َﺳ ً‬ ‫ﺼﯿﺢ ٔأن ﯾ َ ُﱰ َﻛﻬﺎ وﯾَأٔ َﰐ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑَﺪﯾ َﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا ٔأرا َد اﻟ َﻔ ُ‬
‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس‪ ،‬وﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﳍﻢ ﲠﺎ َﻋﻬْ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﲅ ﯾَﻀَ ﻌﻮا ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﺎب ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ َﻋ َﺮﻓَﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ٔأ �ن اﻟ ِﺜ ّ َ‬
‫ﻘ�‬‫ﯾﺐ ﻋﻦ َاﻟﻮﺿْ ﻊِ؛ ِﻟ � ِ‬ ‫ﻐﻨﲔ �ﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﻇﺎ ﺗَﺪُ �ل �ﻠﳱﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻌ �ﺮﺑﻮا ﻣﺎ َ ِﲰﻌﻮا ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘ َ‬ ‫ٔأﻟْ ً‬
‫ُوﺟﻮ ِدﻩ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﱒ وﻧ ُْﺪر ِة ﺗَﻠَﻔ� ِﻈﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻔﺎﻇﺎ‬ ‫ﺮب َﻋ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ٔأﻟْ ً‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ًﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫�ﲆ ٔأ �ن ﻫﺬا ا�� ﻟﯿ َﻞ ﻻ �َ ْﻜﻔﻲ َو ْ�ﺪَ ﻩ ٔ�ن َ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﲰﲔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ‬ ‫ِﻼت ﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬اﳌﲒاب‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ )اﳌَﺜْ َﻌﺐ(‪ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ ُﻣﻘﺎﺑ ٌ‬
‫)اﻟﺴ ْﻤ َﺴﻖ(‪.‬‬ ‫�‬

‫‪۱٦‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﺠﻤﻲ )ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳌُﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺏ(‬
‫ﻤﻲ �ا�ي َد َ� َﻞ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ َﺳﻮا ٌء ٔأ َﺻ َﻘﻠَ ْﺘﻪ‬ ‫َﺳ� َﺒ َﻖ ٔأن َﻋ �ﺮﻓْنﺎ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ َب ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ � ُ ْ‬
‫ﰟ ا ٔ� َﲺ �‬
‫ﯿﲑ ٔأو �َﺪَ ُﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣيﺚ اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬‫ﯾﺐ ِﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﺮب َﻣﺬا ِﻫ ُﺐ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب �ﲆ ٔأ ْوزاﳖِ ﺎ ٔأم ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓ ِﻠﻠ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ِﻗ ْﺴ َﻤﲔِ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯿﲑ �أ ُﺳ ًﺴﺎ وﻗَﻮا ِ�ﺪَ ؛ و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ ﯾ َ ْﻨ ِﻘﺴ ُﻢ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫ُ �ﰒ ا �ٕن ﳍﻢ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ِ‬
‫دون ﺗَ ْﻐﯿ ٍﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ َ‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﯿﲑ‪ ،‬و� ُﺻ َﻮ ٌر؛ ﱔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﻣ َﻊ اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺪال َﺣ ْﺮ ٍف ِﻣﻦ َﺣ ْﺮف‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ‪ٕ -‬اﺑْ ُ‬
‫ب‪ -‬ز�د ُة َﺣ ْﺮف‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺎن َﺣ ْﺮف‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬ﻧ ُ ْﻘ ُ‬
‫ﺪال َﺣ َﺮﻛ ٍﺔ َﲝ َﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ٕ -‬اﺑْ ُ‬
‫ﲀن ُﻣت َﺤ ّ ِﺮك‪.‬‬ ‫ه‪ -‬ا ْٕﺳ ُ‬
‫ﯾﻚ ﺳﺎ ِﻛﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫و‪ْ َ -‬ﲢﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺮﰊ‪.‬‬‫ﯿﲑ اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ِء إﱃ ﺑِﻨﺎ ٍء َﻋ ّ‬ ‫ز‪ -‬ﺗَ ْﻐ ُ‬
‫ﰟ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ٕاﻧ �ﲈ �َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ إﱃ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ﯿﲑ � ِ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا � ْ� ِﱰا ُء ِﻣﳯﻢ �ﲆ ﺗَ ْﻐ ِ‬
‫ﻠﯿﻄﺎ؛‬‫ﻼف ﻣﺎ اﻟ َﻌﻼﻣ ُﺔ �ﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ �َ َﺮﯾَﻨ�ﻪ َ ْﲣ ً‬ ‫ﲄ � ﰲ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِ� ُ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪) :‬وٕاذا ُﺣ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮب ُ َﲣ ِﻠ ّﻂُ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗَ َﺘﳫ� ُﻢ ﺑﻪ ُﻣ�ﻠ � ًﻄﺎ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ ‪َ ...‬‬
‫وﰷن اﻟ َﻔ �ﺮا ُء ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ �ٕن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬
‫ﰷن‪ ،‬إذا ﱂ َﳜ ُﺮ ْج ﻋﻦ ٔأﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﳼ ٔأ �ي ﺑِﻨﺎ ٍء َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ﰟ ِ‬ ‫ﯾُ ْبﲎ � ُ‬
‫دون ﺗَ ْﻐﯿ ٍﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﯿﲑ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﲞﺖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳊَﻆ�‪ ،‬و ُﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا اﻟﻨ� ْﻮ ُع ﻗَﻠﯿ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬وا�ٔ ْﻛ َ ُﱶ ﻣﺎ َوﻗَ َﻊ ﻓيﻪ اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬
‫ﯿﲑ‪:‬‬‫ﯾﺐ ﻣ َﻊ اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ِ‬‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺪال اﳊُﺮوف‪:‬‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �و ًﻻ‪ٕ :‬اﺑْ ُ‬
‫‪۱۷‬‬
 ‫ﻻز ٍم‪:‬‬
‫�ﲑ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ‪ٕ -‬اﺑْﺪا ٌل ْ ُ‬
‫ﺷﺎر ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ إﱃ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ َﲝ ْﺮ ٍف آٓﺧ ََﺮ َﻋﺮ ٍ ّﰊ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ٔآ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ٔآن ﯾُ ْﺒ ِﺪﻟﻮا َﺣ ْﺮﻓًﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ﰲ َ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻩ(‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻣ ِث ِ� ذ�‪:‬‬ ‫ﲀن اﳊ َْﺮ ِف �ا�ي ﻫﻮ ِلﻠ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺮب َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺪال ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬ﻓأٔﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا َﻣ َ‬ ‫ا ٕﻻﺑْ ِ‬
‫وﲻﺮوس‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮن ُ ْ‬‫ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ َة َﻋ ْﯿﻨًﺎ ﰲ ِﻣ ِثﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻋ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﻃﺎء ﰲ ِﻣ ِثﻞ‪ :‬ﻃﺎ َﺟﻦ وﻃﺎﺑَﻖ‪.‬‬‫ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا اﻟﺘ�ﺎ َء ً‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ ِﻣ ِثﻞ‪ُ :‬ﺣ ّﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا اﳋﺎ َء ً‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﲔ ﺻﺎدًا ﰲ ِﻣ ِثﻞ‪َ :‬ﺻ ْﻨ�ﺔ وﺻﺎﺑﻮن‪.‬‬
‫ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا ِ ّ‬
‫ا�ﲀف ﻗﺎﻓًﺎ ﰲ ِﻣ ِثﻞ‪ :‬ﻗَ ْ َﲑوان وﻗُ ْﺴﻄﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا َ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎء َ ْﳘﺰ ًة ﰲ ِﻣ ِثﻞ‪ :‬ﻧأٔرﺟيﻞ‪ ،‬و ُﺟ ْﺆ َذر‪ ،‬و ِﻧ ْﺌ ِﻔﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا ا ٔ� ِﻟ َﻒ واﻟﻮ َاو و َ‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﲔ ﺳينًﺎ ﰲ ِﻣ ِثﻞ‪ :‬ا ْٕﺳﲈﻋﯿ َﻞ ود َْﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا ِ ّ‬
‫ب‪ٕ -‬اﺑْﺪا ٌل ِ‬
‫ﻻز ٌم‪:‬‬
‫ﺪال ﻫﺬﻩ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ُﺮوف‬ ‫ﺮوف ﻻ ﺗﻮ َ�ﺪُ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ٕاﺑْ ُ‬ ‫ﻜﻮ ُن ا�� ﺧي ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ُﺣ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﯾُﺪ ِ�ﻠﻮا ﰲ َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ ُﺣﺮو ِﻓﻬﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻻز ًﻣﺎ؛ وذ� �‬ ‫ﺪاﻻ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺣ ُﺮﻓًﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ ٕاﺑْ ً‬
‫ﺨﺮ ُ�ﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺨﺮجِ‪ُ ،‬ورﺑ�ﲈ َﺣ �ﻮﻟﻮﻩ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺑ َ ُﻌﺪَ َﻣ َ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ِﻣنﻪ ﰲ اﳌ َ َ‬ ‫ُﳛ ّ ِﻮﻟﻮن اﳊ َْﺮ َف إﱃ َﺣ ْﺮ ٍف ﻗَﺮ ٍ‬
‫و ِﻣﻦ ﺗ� اﳊُﺮوف‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎ ُء ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬وﱔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﺗ �ﯿ ِﺔ ا�� ْوﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑـ)‪ ،(p‬و�ُﻜتَ ُﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﺗ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟﺒﺎ ُء اﳌَﻬْﻤﻮﺳ ُﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫َﻼث ﻧ ُ َﻘﻂٍ )پ(‪ ،‬وﱔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺣي ِﺔ �‬ ‫�ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﺜ ِ‬
‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﺒﺎ ِء واﻟﻔﺎ ِء(‪ ،‬وﺗ� اﻟﺒﺎ ُء ﯾُﺒ ِﺪﻟُﻬﺎ‬ ‫�ﲰﺎﻫﺎ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ وا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ )اﳊ َْﺮ َف �ا�ي ْ َ‬
‫�ء؛ ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﰲ اﻟ ِﻔ ِﻧﺮْﺪ‪ِ ِ :‬ﻧ‬
‫اﻟﱪْﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎء؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻔ ِﻧﺮْﺪ واﻟ ُﻔ ْنﺪق‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُﺒ ِﺪﻟﻮﳖﺎ ً‬ ‫ﺮب ً‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬

‫‪۱۸‬‬
‫َﻼث ﻧ ُ َﻘﻂٍ )چ(‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉ ُﲓ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬وﱔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﻮ َ�ﺪُ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ و�ُﻜتَ ُﺐ ﺟﳰًﺎ ﺑﺜ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﺗ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳉ ُﲓ اﳌَﻬْﻤﻮﺳ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ْﺒ ِﺪﻟﻮﳖَ ﺎ ﺻﺎدًا ﰲ اﻟﻐﺎ ِﻟ ِﺐ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫وﱔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺣي ِﺔ �‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﺎر ِ ْ‬ ‫وﺻﺎروج‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔآ ْﺣ ُ‬ ‫ذات ٔآ ْو ٍ�ر‪ ،‬و ٔآ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﭼ�ﻨﮓ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫َﺻ ْﻨﺞ‪ ،‬وﱔ آ آ ٌ� ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُ ْﺒ ِﺪﻟﻮﳖﺎ ﺷينًﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺷﻮ َذر وﻫﻮ ا ٕﻻز ُار‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﭼ�ﺎ ِدر‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﭼ�ﺎروك‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻂ )ژ(‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�ُﻜتَ ُﺐ ز ًا� ﺑﺜ ِ‬
‫َﻼث ﻧ ُ َﻘ ٍ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ُاي ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬وﻻ ﺗُﻮ َ�ﺪُ ا �ٕﻻ ﰲ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ؛‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُﲔ اﳌ َ ْﺠﻬﻮرةُ‪ ،‬وﱒ ﯾُ ْﺒ ِﺪﻟﻮﳖَ ﺎ ز ًا� ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﺗ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِ ّ‬
‫وﱔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺣي ِﺔ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ ُﲌ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ژون‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬زون‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬و�ُﻜتَ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﻟ�ﱵ ٔأ� ََﺬ ِﻣﳯﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ا�ﲀف ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬وﺗُﻮ َ�ﺪُ ﰲ َﲨﯿﻊ ِ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﺗ �ﯿ ِﺔ ا�� ْوﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ )‪ ،(g‬وﱔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺣي ِﺔ‬ ‫�ﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ )گ(‪ ،‬و�ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ �‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ا�ﲀف واﳉﲓ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﲀف اﳌ َ ْﺠﻬﻮرةُ‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ ِّﻤﳱﺎ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ‪) :‬اﳊَ ْﺮ َف �ا�ي ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﺗ �ﯿ ِﺔ ُ‬
‫�‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ �ﳊ َْﺮﻓَﲔِ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﺟﳰًﺎ ٔأو ﻗﺎﻓًﺎ‪ُ ،‬ورﺑ�ﲈ َﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮا َ ِ‬ ‫وﯾُ ْﺒ ِﺪﻟﻮﳖَ ﺎ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺒيﺚ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﲈ‪ :‬ﮔﺮ�ﺰ‪ ،‬وٕاﺑْﺪاﻟُﻬﺎ ﺟﳰًﺎ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱶ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗُ ْﺮ�ُﺰ و ُﺟ ْﺮ�ُﺰ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ اﳋَ ُ‬
‫ُﺟ ْﺆ َذر‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُ ْﺒ ِﺪﻟﻮﳖَ ﺎ ﰷﻓًﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻛ ْﺮد‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻨ ُﻖ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﮔﺮدن‪ٔ ،‬أو ﯾُ ْﺒ ِﺪﻟﻮﳖَ ﺎ ﻏَ ْﯿﻨًﺎ ﻛﲈ ﰲ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِﻏ ْﺮ�ل و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﮔﺮ�ل‪.‬‬
‫ﻄﺮﻓ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺗ� اﻟ�ﱵ � ُﺴ ِّﻤﳱﺎ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ‪) :‬اﳊ َْﺮ َف �ا�ي ﻻ ﯾَﺜبُ ُﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻜ ِﺖ اﳌ ُ َﺘ ّ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﺎ ُء �‬
‫َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ إذا َو َﺻﻠﻮا(‪ ،‬و�ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ﺗ� اﻟﻬﺎ ُء ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﻟﻬﺎ ِء �اﻟﺮ ْﲰ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ إذ �ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﺮﰟ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﺟﳰًﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻛ ْﻮ َﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺮب ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫)�ُﻜتَ ُﺐ( وﻻ ﺗ َُﻨﻄ ُﻖ‪ ،‬وﺗ� اﻟﻬﺎ ُء ﯾُﺒ ِﺪﻟُﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻨﺎن‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻮ َزج‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳋ �ُﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮن ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ‪َ :‬ﻛ ْﻮ َﰜ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ � ِﻗ ُﺺ ا ٔ� ْﺳ� ِ‬ ‫و َﻣ ْﻮ َزﻩ‪ ،‬ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫ﴫ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮن ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﻮ َﺳ ٌﻖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٔأو ﻗﺎﻓًﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﻮ َﺳﻪ و�ﺷﻪ‪ ،‬ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫داﻻ‪ ،‬وﻗُ ِﻠ َﺒ ِﺖ اﻟﻬﺎ ُء‬ ‫ﰷن ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﻟﻬﺎ ِء � ٌء ﻗُ ِﻠ َﺒ ِﺖ اﻟﺘ�ﺎ ُء ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻘﺮ‪ .‬وٕاذا َ‬ ‫و�ﺷ ٌﻖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻓًﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﻮدَﻗﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۹‬‬
 ‫ﺪال اﳊ ََﺮﰷت‪:‬‬‫‪� -‬ﻧ ًﯿﺎ‪ٕ :‬اﺑْ ُ‬
‫ﰷت َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮد ًة ﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن اﳊ ََﺮ ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﰷت ﺑﻌﻀَ ﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﺮب اﳊ ََﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﯾُﺒ ِﺪ ُل اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫�ﲑ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮد ٍة ﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﰷت ْ َ‬‫�ﻜﻮن اﳊ ََﺮ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﻻز ٍم‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫�ﲑ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ا ٕﻻﺑْ ُ‬
‫ﺪال ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻻز ًﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺪال ِ‬‫ا ٕﻻﺑْ ُ‬
‫ﻻزم(‪:‬‬‫ﺪال ِ‬ ‫ﰷت اﻟ�ﱵ ﻻ ﺗُﻮ َ�ﺪُ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ )ا ٕﻻﺑْ ُ‬‫‪ -‬اﳊ ََﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ -١‬اﳊ ََﺮﻛ ُﺔ ا ٔ�ﻣﺎﻣي� ُﺔ ُاﻟﻮ ْﺳﻄﻰ‪ ،‬و�ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ ا�� ْوﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﲝ ْﺮ ِف )‪ ،(e‬وﱔ ﰷﻻٕﻣﺎ ِ�‪،‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ �ء؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬دﯾﺒﺎجٍ ِﻣﻦ ‪ُ ،depak‬ورﺑ�ﲈ ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﻓَ ْت� ًﺔ ﻣتﺒﻮ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﺮب ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﺗُﺒ ِﺪﻟُﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﴪ ا�� ِال وﻓَ ْت ِﺤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎء ﻛﲈ ﰲ دﳝﺎس‪ ،‬وﺗ َُﻨﻄ ُﻖ � َﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﺗ �ﯿ ِﺔ ا�� ْوﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﲝ ْﺮ ِف )‪ ،(o‬و�ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﳊ ََﺮﻛ ُﺔ اﳋَﻠْﻔي� ُﺔ ا ُﻟﻮ ْﺳﻄﻰ‪ ،‬و�ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ �‬
‫ﺮب ﻓَ ْت�ﺔ ﻣتﺒﻮ�ﺔ ﺑﻮاو؛‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﯾُﺒ ِﺪﻟُﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬‫�ﲑ اﳌ ُ ْﺸ� َﺒﻌ ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟﻀ� �ﻤ َﺔ اﳌُﲈ َ�‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ� �ﻤ َﺔ ْ َ‬
‫ﻛﲈ ﰲ َﺟ ْﻮﻫَﺮ ِﻣﻦ ‪ ،gohar‬و َﺟ ْﻮ َرب ِﻣﻦ ‪.gorab‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﺗ �ﯿ ِﺔ ا�� ْوﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﲝ ْﺮ ِف )‪،(y‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻔتَﲔِ ‪ ،‬و�ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ �‬ ‫‪ -٣‬اﻟ َﻜ ْﴪ ُة ﻣ َﻊ ﺗ َْﺪو� ِﺮ �‬
‫ﲷ ًﺔ �ﺎ ِﻟﺼ ًﺔ؛‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﯾُﺒ ِﺪﻟﻮﳖَ ﺎ َﻛ ْﴪ ًة �ﺎ ِﻟﺼ ًﺔ ٔأو َ �‬ ‫ﰷت الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﱔ ِﻣﻦ َﺣ َﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ٔأﻧْ ِﻘﺮ َة ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮﻫﺎ َﻛ ْﴪ ًة �ﺎ ِﻟﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻄﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ُب‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ِﻗ ْب �‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ‪) :‬ﻓﺎ ٕﻻ� ْ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴪ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ؛ َ‬ ‫ﻄﻲ َﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮﻩ �ﻟﻀ� ّ ِﻢ واﻟ َﻜ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻟَ ْﻔﻆُ ِﻗ ْب ّ ٍ‬
‫ﻄﻲ(‪.‬‬‫ﻗُ ْب ّ‬
‫�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ُ)زور( �ﻟﻀ� �ﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ اﻟ ُﻘ �ﻮةُ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﻣث � َﻞ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ لﻠ َﺤ َﺮﻛ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﺒﺪَ ُل َ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺪال ﻻ ِز ًﻣﺎ؛ ٔ� �ن اﻟﻀ� �ﻤ َﺔ اﳌَﺸﻮﺑ َﺔ �ﻟ َﻔ ْت� ِﺔ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ا ٕﻻﺑْ ُ‬‫)زور( ﺑﻀَ �ﻤ ٍﺔ َﻣﺸﻮﺑ ٍﺔ �ﻟ َﻔ ْت� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎ ُ‬
‫�ﲑ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮد ٍة ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ُْ‬

‫‪۲۰‬‬
 ‫ﻻز ٍم(‪:‬‬
‫�ﲑ ِ‬ ‫ﺪال ْ ُ‬ ‫ﰷت اﳌ َ ْﻮﺟﻮد ُة ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ )ا ٕﻻﺑْ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳊ ََﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ ِﳇﻤ ُﺔ َ)ﺳ ْﻮ َﺳﻦ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َ ْب ٌﺖ‪ ،‬وﱔ‬ ‫ﰷت ﺑﻌﻀَ ﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﺮب اﳊ ََﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺪال اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬‫ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻣ ِث ِ� ٕاﺑْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﳇﻤ ُﺔ ِ)ﺷ ْﻄ َ ﻧﺮْﺞ(‪ ،‬وﱔ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻔتﻮ� ُﺔ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲔ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣﻀْ ﻤﻮﻣ ُﺔ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﰲ ِ‬
‫ﻻز ٍم ُﻟﻮﺟﻮ ِد ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫�ﲑ ِ‬ ‫وﳇﻤ ُﺔ ) ُد ْﺳ�ﺘﻮر(‪ ،‬وﱔ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ َﻣ ْﻔتﻮ� ُﺔ ا�� ال‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ا ٕﻻﺑْ ُ‬
‫ﺪال ْ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﰷت ٔأﳖ� ﻢ ٔأرادوا ٕاﻟْ�ﺎﻗَﻬﺎ ﺑأٔﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﯿﲑ اﳊ ََﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴبَ ُﺐ ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻐ ِ‬ ‫ﰷت ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﳊ ََﺮ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﲑ ﺑِﻨﺎ ِء َ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ � -‬ﻟﺜ ًﺎ‪ :‬ﺗَ ْﻐ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮ�‪) :‬ﳌ�ﺎ ٔأرادوا ٔأن ﯾُ َﻌ ّ ِﺮﺑﻮﻩ ٔأﻟْ َﺤﻘﻮﻩ ﺑبِنﺎ ِء َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﯿﲑ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺎر إﱃ ذ� اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ َ‬
‫ﺮب ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﻢ ا ٔ�ﺑْ ِني َﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻻ ﺗُﻮا ِﻓ ُﻖ‬ ‫�ﲑ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ � َ‬
‫ُﺮوف اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ(؛ ْ‬ ‫ُﺮوف �ﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﻘﻮن اﳊ َ‬ ‫ﯾُﻠْ ِﺤ َ‬
‫ا ٔ�ﺑْ ِني َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ‪ ،‬و ْاﺳت َ ْبﺪَ ﻟﻮا ﲠﺎ ٔأﺑْ ِني ًﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وذ� ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪال َﺣ َﺮﻛ ٍﺔ َﲝ َﺮﻛ ٍﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ٕ -‬اﺑْ ِ‬
‫ِﻨﺎء ﻓَ ْﻌﻼل � ِد ٌر ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َﻛ َﴪوا ٔأ �و َ�؛ ٔ� �ن ﺑ َ‬ ‫ِﻫ ْﻨﺪاز‪ ،‬و ِﻫ ْﻨﺪام‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ :‬ﻫ ْﻨﺪاز‪� ،‬ﻟ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ؛ ْ‬
‫�ﲑ اﳌُﻀﺎ َﻋﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫ﲷﻮا ٔأ �و�؛ ﰾ ﯾُﻠْ ِﺤﻘﻮﻩ ﺑـ)ﻓُ ْﻌﻠُﻞ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬ﻓَنْﺪُ ق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓُنْﺪُ ق‪� َ :‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ز�د ِة َﺣ ْﺮ ٍف‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎس؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫و ِﻣنﻪ � َ ْﺸﺪﯾﺪُ ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟﺜ �ﻨﺎﺋ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻟ َﺘﻠ َﺤ َﻖ �ﻟﺜ �ﻼ ِ ّﰔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ٍّﺲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ٕﻻﻟْ�ﺎ ِﻗﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﲔ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﳼ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﺲ؛ ُﺷ ِّﺪد َِت ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪) :‬ﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫وﰈ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ َ�ﺪُ ٔأ ْو ِ�ر اﻟ ُﻌﻮ ِد �ا�ي ﯾُ َ‬
‫ﴬ ُب ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ْ َ :‬ﰈ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻟﺜ �ﻼ ّﰔ(‪� َ ،‬‬
‫ﻫﺎوون‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ا�ي ﯾُﺪَ �ق ﻓيﻪ؛ وذ� ﻟ َﯿﻠ َﺤ َﻖ ﺑبِنﺎ ِء‬ ‫)ﻫﺎون( َﻓﺼ �ﲑوﻩ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫وزادوا َﺣ ْﺮﻓًﺎ ﰲ ُ‬
‫ﻫﺎون؛‬ ‫ون‪ٔ :‬أ ْ َﲺ �ﻤﻲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ﻓﺎﻋﻮل‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗَ ُﻘ ْﻞ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎو ُ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪) :‬و ُ‬ ‫)ﻓﺎﻋﻮل(؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ ِﻣنﻪ واو(‪.‬‬
‫ﰟ �ﲆ ﻓﺎ�ُ ٍﻞ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ﰲ َ‬
‫اﻟ� ِم ا ٌ‬

‫‪۲۱‬‬
 ‫‪ْ �َ -‬ﺬ ِف َﺣ ْﺮ ٍف‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﻮك ِﻣﻦ ﺑَﲏ ﺳﺎﺳﺎن‪َ �َ ،‬ﺬﻓﻮا اﻟﻬﺎ َء‬ ‫ﰟ ِ� �ﺪ ِة ُﻣ ٍ‬‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﺑﻮر‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ :‬ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻮر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬
‫و ٔأﻟْ َﺤﻘﻮﻩ ﺑـ)ﻓﺎﻋﻮل(‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳊَﺪﯾﻘ ُﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺳ�ﺘﺎن‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛ ِﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯾﻚ �‬ ‫‪ْ َ -‬ﲢﺮ ِ‬
‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪َ :‬ز َرﺟﻮن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳋَ ْﻤﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ :‬ز ْر�ﻮن ُ�ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻜﻮن �اﻟﺰ ِاي‪َ ،‬ﺣ �ﺮ�ﻮﻫﺎ ك َ�ﻠَﺰون؛ ﻟ َﺘﻠ َﺤ َﻖ‬
‫ﺑـ)ﻓَ َﻌﻠﻮل(‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺮك‪:‬‬ ‫‪ْ َ � -‬ﺴﻜﲔِ اﳌ ُ َﺘ ّ ِ‬
‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ٔ :‬أﻟْﲈس‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻻٕﻏﺮﯾﻘيﺔ ‪ٔ admas‬أدَﻣﺎس‪َ ،‬ﺳﻜ�نﻮا اﻟﻼم اﳌﻨﻘﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ا�� ا َل‪،‬‬
‫ﻟ ُﯿﻠ ِﺤﻘﻮﻩ ﺑـ) ٔأﻓْﻌﺎل(‪.‬‬
‫�ﻟﺰ�د ِة واﳊ َْﺬ ِف‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﲑ ّ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬را ِﺑ ًﻌﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬
‫�ﻟﺰ�دة‪:‬‬ ‫ﯿﲑ ّ ِ‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ّ ِاﻟﺰ�دةُ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﳼ‪ َ :‬ﻧرْﺪَ ﻩ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ� ْ ٌ� ٔأ ْﺳ َﻮدُ‪،‬‬ ‫ِز�د َة َﻣ ْﻘﻄﻊ ٍ )ﺻﺎ ِﻣﺖ ‪َ +‬ﺣ َﺮﻛﺔ(‪ِ :‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ٔ :‬أ ﻧرْﺪج‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫اﻟﻬﺎء ﺟﳰًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫زادوا اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰةَ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا َ‬
‫�ﺎس‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﺲ‪.‬‬‫ﻌﯿﻒ َﺣ ْﺮ ٍف؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣ �ﺲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻨ� ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ّ ِاﻟﺰ�د ُة ﺗَﻀْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ ِز�د ِة �اﻟﻼ ِم ﰲ َ)ﺻ ْﻮﻟَ�ﺎن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻋﺼﺎ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ّ ِاﻟﺰ�د ُة ﰲ َو َﺳﻂِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫�‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﻮﰷن‪.‬‬
‫اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫�ﺎر ِ ْ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِﺲ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺻﺎروج‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔآ ْﺣ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ّ ِاﻟﺰ�د ُة ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ َ ِ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﳼ‪� :‬ﺎرو‪� ،‬آﺑ ِﺪﻟَ ِﺖ اﳉ ُﲓ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ ﺻﺎدًا‪ ،‬وزادوا ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﳰًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪۲۲‬‬
 ‫ﯿﲑ �ﳊ َْﺬف‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬
‫ﳼ‪ :‬نَﳢَ ْﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﲠَ ْ َﺮج‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن اﳊ َْﺬ ُف ﰲ ٔأ �و ِل َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫ﰟ‬‫ﳼ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻮر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪) :‬ﺳﺎﺑﻮر(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ َو َﺳﻂِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻈﲓ ِﻣﻦ ُﻋ َﻈﲈ ِء اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮس‪.‬‬ ‫َﻋ ٍ‬
‫تﺎب �ا�ي ُﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ُﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ ) :‬ﻓﻬْ ِﺮس(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﳼ‪� :‬ﺮﯾﺪﻩ دم‪ ،‬و)�ﺮﯾﺪﻩ( ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‬ ‫َ� َﺬﻓﻮا اﻟﺘ�ﺎ َء ِﻣﻦ ) ِﻓﻬْ ِﺮ ْﺳﺖ( ‪ ،‬و ِﻣث ُﻞ‪َ� :‬ﺮﯾﺪ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ﺮب ﰲ‬ ‫ِﻐﺎل َاﻟﱪﯾ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﻘﻄﻮ� َﺔ ا ��ﻧ َِﺐ‪َ ،‬ﲿ َﺬ َف اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫اﳌ َ ْﻘﻄﻮع‪ ،‬و)دُم( ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ا ��ﻧ َﺐ‪ ،‬وﰷﻧ َﺖ ﺑ ُ‬
‫�ﺎﱐ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪َ� :‬ﺮﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻄ َﺮ اﻟﺜ َ‬‫ﯾﺐ �‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪:‬‬‫ﺮب ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﳛ ِﺬ ُف اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -‬‬
‫ﻮن‪ ،‬ﰲ ِﻣ ِثﻞ‪َ :‬دﯾْﺪَ �ن وﻫﻮ ِﺣ ُﲈر‬ ‫ﻮن‪ :‬إذ ﺗ ََﻮ �ﳘﻮا ِز�د َة ا ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ واﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ� ِﻟ َﻒ واﻟﻨ� َ‬
‫َاﻟﻮ ْﺣﺶ‪ ،‬وﲠَ ْ َﺮﻣﺎن وﻫﻮ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺼ ُﻔﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﲈ‪َ :‬دﯾْﺪَ ب‪ ،‬وﲠَ ْﺮم‪.‬‬
‫ﻮن لﻠ َﺠ ْﻤﻊ ِ ﰲ ِﻣ ِثﻞ‪ٔ :‬أرﲤﻮن ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗ ََﻮ �ﳘﻮا ِز�د َة اﻟﻮا ِو واﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫ﻮن‪ْ :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻮ َاو واﻟﻨ� َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﻟـ ) ٔأ ْردَﻣﻮن( َ ْﲨ ُﻊ ا ٔ� ْردَم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳌ َ �ﻼح‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩاعِ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ٌ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫ﴎ ُﺟﻮن‪ ،‬وﰲ ِﻓﻠَ ْﺴﻄﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴎ ِ�ﲔ ‪-‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺗُﺪ َﻣ ُﻞ ﺑﻪ ا ٔ� ْرض‪ْ ِ :-‬‬ ‫و�ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ ذ� ﻗَ ْﻮﻟُﻬﻢ ﰲ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻮن لﻠ َﺠ ْﻤﻊِ‪ ،‬وﻓَ َﻌﻠﻮا َﻋ ْﻜ َﺲ ذ� ﰲ َﻣنْ َﺠﻨﻮن ‪-‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ِﻓﻠَ ْﺴﻄﻮن؛ َﻇﻨ�ﺎ ِﻣﳯﻢ ٔأ �ن اﻟﯿﺎ َء واﻟﻨ� َ‬
‫ﻮن لﻠ َﺠ ْﻤﻊِ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪َ :‬ﻣنْ َﺠﻨﲔ‪.‬‬‫اﻟ َﺒ َﻜﺮ ُة‪ -‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ :‬ﻣنْ َﻜنﻮن؛ إذ َﻇﻨ�ﻮا ٔأ �ن اﻟﻮ َاو واﻟﻨ� َ‬
‫ﲈت ا�� ﺧي ِ� � ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ و �اﻟﻼ ِم‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻋ َﺘ َ َﱪﻫﲈ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺣيﺚ ﺗَﺒﺪَ �أ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ� َﻟﻒ و �اﻟﻼ َم‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ َ :‬ﳇﻤ ِﺔ‪) :‬اﳌﺎس( وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺮب ٔأدا َة اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ‪َ ،‬ﲿ َﺬﻓﻮﻫﲈ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ا�دي‪) :‬وﻻ ﺗَ ُﻘ ْﻞ‪ٔ :‬أﻟْ ُﲈس؛ ﻓﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪) :‬ﻣﺎس(؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻔ ْﲑوز �‬
‫ْ �‬
‫ﻟَ ْﺤﻦ(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ ا ٔ� ِﺛﲑ‪) :‬و ٔأ ُﻇ �ﻦ اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ َة و �اﻟﻼ َم ﻓيﻪ أ ْٔﺻ ِﻠ �ﯿ َﺘﲔِ ‪ِ ،‬ﻣثﻠَﻬﲈ ﰲ‪ٕ :‬اﻟﯿﺎس(‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۳‬‬
‫و ِﻣﻦ ذ� ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ِ َ :‬ﳇﻤ ُﺔ ا ْٕﺳ َﻜنْﺪَ ر‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬أٔﻟَ ْﻜ َﺴ� ْﻨﺪَ ر �ﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻗَ َﻊ ﻓيﻪ ﻗَﻠْ ٌﺐ َﻣﲀ �ﱐ ُ �ﰒ‬
‫ا ْﻋ َﺘ َﱪوا " ٔأل" ٔأدا َة اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ َﲿ َﺬﻓﻮا‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا ْﺟ ُت ِﻠ َﺒ ِﺖ اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰةُ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻻ ﯾُ ْبتَﺪَ �أ �ﺴﺎ ِﻛ ٍﻦ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ا ْٕﺳ َﻜ ْنﺪَ ر‪.‬‬
‫ﲈت ا�� ﺧي ِ� َﻇﻨ�ﺎ ِﻣﳯﻢ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب ِز�د َة اﻟﺒﺎ ِء ﰲ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ �َ -‬ﺬ ُف اﻟﺒﺎ ِء‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﺣيﺚ ﺗ ََﻮ � َﱒ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎر ْﺳ�ﺘﺎن‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٔأﳖ� ﺎ لﻠ َﺠ ّ ِﺮ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ َ :‬ﳇﻤ ِﺔ ِ�ﳰ َ ِﺎر ْﺳ�ﺘﺎن )اﳌ ُ ْﺴت َ ْﺸﻔﻰ(‪َ ،‬ﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪ِ :‬‬
‫�ﺎء‬
‫�ء اﳉ ّ َِﺮ؛ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ا ْﻋ َﺘ َ َﱪﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎء‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫بﯿﻞ َ ِﳇﻤ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺑِﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﱂ َﳛ ِﺬﻓﻮا َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﴫ وﻣﺎ و�ﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺬﯾﺐ‪) :‬اﻟﺒِﻄﺎﻗ ُﺔ ُر ْﻗﻌ ٌﺔ َﺻﻐﲑ ٌة‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ ْبﺘ َﺬ ٌ� ِﺑ ِﻤ ْ َ‬ ‫ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِب وﻓﳱﺎ َر ْﻗ ُﻢ ﺛَﻤ ِﻨﻪ ﺑِﻄﺎﻗ ًﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ ُ ِّﲰ َﯿ ْﺖ ﺑِﻄﺎﻗ ًﺔ؛‬ ‫ﯾ َ ْﺪﻋﻮن �اﻟﺮ ْﻗﻌ َﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ )‪ ،(pitàkion‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ �ُﺸَ �ﺪ ﺑِﻄﺎﻗ ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِب(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َ ِ‬
‫�اﻟﺮ ْﻗﻌ ُﺔ و ّ ِاﻟﺮﺳﺎ�‪.‬‬
‫ﻮن ِز�د َة َ ِﳇﻤ ِﺔ " ٔأﺑﻮ"‪ ،‬ﻓ َي� ِﺬﻓﻮﳖَ ﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ٔ :‬أﺑﻮ ﻗَﻠَﻤﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮﳘ َ‬ ‫‪ْ �َ -‬ﺬ ُف " ٔأﺑﻮ"‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﺣيﺚ ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫ﯿﺎب ﯾ َ َﺘ �ﻠﻮ ُن ٔأﻟْﻮا�ً ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ )ﻫﺒﻮﳇﻤﻮن(‪ُ ،‬ﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻀﺎف إﱃ اﳉ ُْﺰ ِء اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ُ ،‬ورﺑ�ﲈ َ� َﺬﻓﻮا اﳉ ُْﺰ َء‬ ‫ٔأﺑﻮ ﻗَﻠَﻤﻮن‪َ ،‬ﻓﻈﻨ�ﻮا ٔأ �ن اﳉ ُْﺰ َء ا ٔ� �و َل ُﻣ ٌ‬
‫ا ٔ� �و َل ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﻗَﻠَﻤﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﲈت ا�� ﺧي ِ� َ ْﲣﻔي ًﻔﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‪َ �َ :‬ﺬﻓﻮا َﺷ ْﻄ ًﺮا ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ �َ -‬ﺬ ُف َﺷ ْﻄ ِﺮ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﲊد َِﺷﲑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ :‬نَ ْﺮد‪ ،‬و�ﺎ َء ﺑ َﺘﲈ ِﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﻟن�ﺸَ ﺎ ْﺳ� َﺘﺞ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪َ� :‬ﺸَ ﺎ‪ ،‬و � ْ‬
‫�ﻟﲊد َِﺷ ِﲑ ﻓ�ٔﻧ �ﲈ َﺻ َﺒﻎ ﯾَﺪَ ﻩ ﰲ ﻟَﺤ ِﻢ ِ�ﲋ� ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﻦ ﻟَ ِﻌ َﺐ � ْ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻄ َﺮ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ِﻣﻦ �أ ِر ْﺳ ُﻄﻮﻃﺎ ِﻟ َيﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪� :‬أ ِر ْﺳ ُﻄﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫و َد ِﻣﻪ(‪ ،‬و َ� َﺬﻓﻮا �‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ِﻣثﺎ ٌل َﻃﺮ ٌﯾﻒ �ﲆ ذ�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ��د َْرةُ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘ ْي َ ُ�‪ ،‬وﻫﲈ ﲟ َ ًﻌﲎ وا ِ� ٍﺪ ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫وﱔ‬ ‫)ور ُ� ٌﻞ آٓد َُر‪ :‬ﺑ َ ِ ّ ُﲔ ا ��دَر ِة‪ ،‬ﺑ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ِة وا�� ِال‪َ ،‬‬
‫ﻈﻮر‪َ :‬‬ ‫اﻧْ ِﺘﻔﺎخُ اﳋ ُْﺼﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺘﲔِ وا ِ� ٌﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﲈ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻫﺪور�ﯿ�(؛‬ ‫اﻟ�ﱵ � ُ َﺴ ِّﻤﳱﺎ اﻟﻨ� ُﺎس اﻟ َﻘ ْي�(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺸ ْﻄ ُﺮ ا ٔ� �و ُل )ﻫﺪور( ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ اﳌﺎ َء‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ )�ﯿ�( ٔأي‪ :‬اﳋ ُْﺼﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬و َر ٌم ﰲ‬ ‫�‬

‫‪۲٤‬‬
‫ُﴩ إﱃ ُ ْﲺﻤ ِﺘﻪ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ِة َ ِﳇ ِ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺎن‪ ،‬وﱂ � ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳋ ُْﺼﯿ ِﺔ َ�ﺴبَ ِﺐ نُ ِ‬
‫ﺰول اﳌﺎ ِء ﻓﳱﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُت �‬
‫ٔأ َ� ٌﺪ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � َﻐﻮﯾِّﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﯿﲑ ٕﻻزا ِ� اﻟْ ِﺘﻘﺎ ِء �‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛﻨَﲔِ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪� -‬ﺎ ِﻣ ًﺴﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬
‫ﻐﺎت؛ و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ ﻓﺎٕذا اﻟْ َﺘﻘﻰ‬ ‫�ﲑ �ﺎ�ِ ٍﺰ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�ﺎ�ِ ٌﺰ ﰲ ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛﻨَﲔِ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟْ ِﺘﻘﺎ ُء �‬
‫ﯾﻠﻮن ﻫﺬا �ﻟْ ِﺘﻘﺎ ِء‬ ‫ﻣﲔ ِﻣﳯﻢ‪ -‬ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ �ُﺰ َ‬ ‫ﺮب ‪-‬اﳌ ُ َﺘﻘ ِّﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻨﺎن ﰲ ا�� ِ‬
‫ﺧيﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ �ٕن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ ِﻛ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛﻨَﲔِ ٔأو ﺑ َﺘ ْﺤﺮ� ِﻜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ٕا �ﻣﺎ َﲝ ْﺬ ِف ٔأ َ� ِﺪ �‬
‫‪ -‬و ِﻣﻦ اﳊ َْﺬف‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮا ُد واﻟ ُﻘﺮى‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑُﻮ ْﺳ�ﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ْ ُ � :‬ﺴ�ﺘﺎن‪ُ ،‬ورو ْﺳ�ﺘﺎق ‪-‬وﻫﻮ �‬
‫ُر ْﺳ�ﺘﺎق‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬و ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ� ْﺤﺮﯾﻚ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛﻨَﲔِ ‪،‬‬‫ﻜﻮن �اﻟﺮا ِء‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻔتَﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﻻﻟْ ِﺘﻘﺎ ِء �‬ ‫ﺪي‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ� ُ�ﺴ ِ‬ ‫)�رﺟيﻞ( وﻫﻮ اﳉ َْﻮ ُز اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ �‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛﻨَﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫و)زْﻔيﻠَ�ﺔ( وﻫﻮ ِو�ﺎ ُء ٔأ َدو ِات �اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ِ :‬ﻧزْبيﻠْ�ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓَتَﺤﻮا �اﻟﻼ َم ﻻﻟْ ِﺘﻘﺎ ِء �‬ ‫ِﻧ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛﻨَﲔِ ﻓﳱﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎء �‬ ‫ﲈت �ﲆ �ﺎ ِﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﱂ �ُﺰﯾﻠﻮا اﻟْ ِﺘ َ‬ ‫ﺮون َ ِﳇ ٍ‬ ‫ﺮب اﳌُﺘأٔ ِّﺧ َ‬‫وﻗﺪ �َ َﺮكَ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫و)اﻟﺸﺎﻫْﺪا ِﻧﺞ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ� ْﺰ ُر‬‫اﻟﺴﻠْﻄﺎن‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﻈﺎر ا ٕﻻ ْذ ِن �ُ ِ‬
‫ﺧﻮل �‬ ‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ اﻧْ ِﺘ ِ‬
‫)اﻟﺒﺎر�ﺎﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟ ِﻘن�ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫�ﻟﺴﻜﻮن‪:‬‬ ‫ﯿﲑ ٕﻻزا ِ� اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِء �‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﺎ ِد ًﺳﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬
‫ﺮب ﰲ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت؛ ِ�ا ﻓﺎ �ٕن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ﻻ ﯾُ ْبتﺪَ �أ �ﺴﺎ ِﻛ ٍﻦ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا �ﺎ�ِ ٌﺰ ﰲ َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮﻛ ٍﺔ ﰲ ٔأ �و ِ�‪،‬‬
‫ﺧيﻞ؛ ٕا �ﻣﺎ � ِﺰ�د ِة َ ْﳘﺰ ٍة ُﻣتَ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻜﻮن اﳊ َْﺮ ِف ا ٔ� �و ِل ِﻣﻦ ا�� ِ‬
‫ﯾﻠﻮن ُﺳ َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ �ُﺰ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﻚ �‬ ‫وٕا �ﻣﺎ ﺑ َﺘ ْﺤﺮ ِ‬

‫‪۲٥‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﳁﻦ ِز�د ِة اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ِة اﳌ ُ َﺘ ّ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮﻛ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳼ‪:‬‬ ‫وﳇﻤ ُﺔ )ا ْﺧﻮان(‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫َ ِﳇﻤ ُﺔ ) �أ ْﺳﻄﻮل(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ )‪ِ َ ،(Stolos‬‬
‫) ْﺧﻮان(‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ‪ْ :‬ﺧﻮان‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛ ِﻦ‪ِ َ :‬ﳇﻤ ُﺔ ِﺧﻮان‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﻚ �‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ َ ْﲢﺮ ِ‬
‫ﲀﱐ‪:‬‬‫‪ -‬ﺳﺎ ِﺑ ًﻌﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُﯿﲑ َ�ﺴبَ ِﺐ اﻟ َﻘﻠْ ِﺐ اﳌ َ ّ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻣ ِث ِ� ذ� ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮوف َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗيﺐ ُﺣ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﲑ �َ ْﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﲀﱐ ﻫﻮ ﺗَ ْﻐ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﻠْ ُﺐ اﳌ َ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﱐ ) ِﻣتﻜﺴﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ّ ِا� ُ‬
‫ﯾﺒﺎج ٔأو‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫ﺣﺴ َﺐ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�‬ ‫ﻠﻮب ِﻣﻦ ِﻣﺪَ ْﻗﺲ َ‬ ‫ِد َﻣ ْﻘﺲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣ ْﻘ ُ‬
‫اﳊَﺮ ُ�ﺮ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬وﱔ ِدﻗَ ْﻤﺲ‪ ،‬وﱔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ َﻣ ْﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟُﻮذ‪ ،‬ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻮﻻ ٍذ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﱐ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ ‪� litre‬ﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫ﺣﺴ َﺐ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‬ ‫َر ْﻃ ٌﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﻄﺮ‪َ ،‬‬
‫الﻠ�ﻐﺎت‪.‬‬
‫ﯿﲑ َ�ﺴبَ ِﺐ ا ٕﻻدْ�ﺎم‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِ � -‬ﻣنًﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬
‫)زْبِيﻞ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ُﻘﻔ� ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﻓيﻪ‪َ :‬زﺑِّﯿﻞ‪�ٕ ،‬دْ�ﺎ ِم اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﻮن ﰲ اﻟﺒﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣث ُﻞ َ ِﳇﻤﺔ ِﻧ‬
‫َﺴﱰ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻮرةَ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﻓيﻪ‪ :‬ﺗُ �ﺒﺎن‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‬ ‫وﳇﻤ ُﺔ )ﺗُنْبﺎن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﴎاوﯾ ُﻞ َﺻﻐﲑٌ ِﻣ ْﻘ َ‬
‫ﺪار ِﺷ ْ ٍﱪ � ُ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫�ﺎرس‪.‬‬‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ� :‬ﻦ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ :‬ﺟ ْﺴﻢ‪ ،‬و�ن‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَ ْﻨبﳱﺎت‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ِة؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ َ :‬ﳇﻤ ِﺔ ُ)ﺳﺪ�ر( وﱔ ﻟُﻌﺒ ٌﺔ ّ ِ‬
‫لﻠﺼ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﯿﲑ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ً‬
‫ﺜﲑا ﻣﺎ ﯾَت َ �نﻮ ُع اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﲔِ اﳌُﲈ ِ� إﱃ اﻟ َﻜ ْﴪ ِة َﻛ ْﴪ ًة �ﺎ ِﻟﺼﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎٕﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )ﺳﻪ در(‪� ،‬أﺑ ِﺪﻟَ ْﺖ ﻓﳱﺎ ﻓَ ْت� ُﺔ ِ ّ‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎرت ُ)ﺳﺪ�ر(‪.‬‬ ‫وزﯾﺪَ ت ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻫﺎ دا ٌل ﺳﺎ ِﻛﻨﺔ؛ َ‬
‫ﲈت اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌُﺮﻛ�ﺒ ِﺔ؛ ِﻣثﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬‫‪َ -‬د َ� َﻞ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫‪۲٦‬‬
 ‫)اﻟﺰ ْر َﻛﺸ ُﺔ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬زر‪َ :‬ذﻫَﺐ‪ ،‬وكﺶ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ِاﰟ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫��ﲀف اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬زﻫْﺮ‪ ،‬و�ر‪� :‬اﻟﺮ �ﻣ ُﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫)اﳉُﻠ � ُﻨﺎر(‪ :‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﰻ ِ‬
‫داب(‪ :‬و ٔآ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﴎد‪�ِ :‬ر ٌد‪ ،‬وآٓب‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٌء‪ٔ ،‬آي‪ :‬ذو اﳌﺎ ِء ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎرد‪.‬‬ ‫)اﻟﴪ ُ‬ ‫ِّ ْ‬
‫ﯾﺐ �ﲆ ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑ ٔأ ْو ِ‬
‫زان اﻟ َﻌﺮب‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻣﺴأٔ ٌ�‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫تﴫ‬ ‫َﻠﯿﻞ ﰲ ُﻣﻌ َﺠ ِﻤﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ ‪ -‬ﻻ ﯾ َ ْﻘ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﰟ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ‪-‬ﻛﲈ ﯾَﺘ� ِﻀ ُﺢ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ َو� ِم اﳋ ِ‬ ‫� ُ‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫ﺮب ﺑأٔﺑْ ِﻨيﳤِ ﺎ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ � َﺸ َﻤ ُﻞ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ﻣﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب وﱂ ﺗُﻠ ِﺤ ْﻘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﰟ �ا�ي ٔأﻟْ َﺤ َﻘ ْتﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫�ﲆ � ِ‬
‫ﺑأٔﺑْ ِﻨيﳤِ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻘﴫﻩ‬ ‫ﰟ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﯾ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮي �ا�ي ٔأﻋْﻄﻰ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾ ًﻔﺎ ﻟﻼ ِ‬ ‫�ﲆ ٔأ �ن ﺗ� اﻟﻨ� ْﻈﺮ َة ﻻ َﳒِﺪُ ﻫﺎ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳉ َْﻮ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‪ٔ :‬أن ﺗَ َﺘ �ﻔﻮ َﻩ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﰟ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ � ِ‬ ‫ﺮب؛ ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬وﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎء �ﲆ ٔأ ْو ِ‬
‫زان اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫�ﲆ ﻣﺎ َ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻋ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُب و ٔأﻋ َْﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﳯَ ٌﺞ ُﳜﺎ ِﻟ ُﻒ ﻣﺎ ﰷن �ﻠﯿﻪ اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ‬ ‫�ﲆ ِﻣ ْﳯ ِﺎ�ﺎ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﺴبَ َﺐ ﰲ ذ� ٔأ �ن الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ ﰷﻧﺖ ﻓَﺼﯿ� ًﺔ ﻗَﻮﯾ � ًﺔ إﱃ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ اﳋ ِ‬
‫َﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫وﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌ �ﻞ �‬
‫َﻠﯿﻞ � َ ْﺴﺠﯿ َﻞ ﻣﺎ َﻋ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ‬ ‫وﰷن َﻣ َﻘﺼﺪُ اﳋ ِ‬ ‫وﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﱂ � ُﻜ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤ ُﺔ ﻗﺪ �ﻟَﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ ﺑ َ ْﻌﺪُ ‪َ ،‬‬
‫ﺮب َو ْﺻ ًﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻐﻮي لﻠ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻮك الﻠ � ِ ّ‬‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫وﰷن َﻣ َﻘﺼﺪُ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ َو ْﺻ َﻒ �‬ ‫ﺮب و� ْﺳ ِت ْﺸﻬﺎ َد �ﻠﯿﻪ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋِﺪ ِة‬ ‫ﲀﺳﺎ �لﻠﺮوحِ �‬ ‫ﺤﳬًﺎ؛ ﲾﺎ َء َﻣﻮ ِﻗ ُﻔﻬﲈ ُﻣتَﲈﺷ� ًﯿﺎ ﻣ َﻊ َﻣ ْﺮ� ٍ� ِﻣﻦ َﻣﺮا ِ� ِﻞ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺼﺤﻰ واﻧْ ِﻌ ً‬ ‫ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﻮن واﻟﻨ��ﺎ ُة ‪-‬و�ﺎ�ﳤُ ﻢ اﳌُ�ﺎﻓَﻈ ُﺔ �ﲆ‬ ‫وﺻﺎر الﻠ�ﻐﻮﯾ � َ‬‫آٓﻧ َﺬاك‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا �ٕن اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤ َﺔ ﻗﺪ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْﻔ َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ َ‬
‫َﺮي )ت‪٣٩٣ :‬‬ ‫ﻔﴪ َﻣﳯَ َﺞ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ ِ ّ‬ ‫الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ -‬أ ْﻛ َ َﱶ ﺗَ َﻤ �ﺴ ًﲀ �ﻟ َﻘﻮا ِ� ِﺪ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻻ ِ‬
‫ٕﻃﺎر ﻧ ُ ِ ّ ُ‬
‫ﻫـ(‪ ،‬و ُﻣ�ﺎﻟَﻔتَﻪ ﳌَﳯَ ِﺞ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻧ َﻠ َﻤ ُﺢ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ا ِ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ ﺷيئًﺎ كﻬﺬا �ا�ي َذﻫ ََﺐ إﻟﯿﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ� ِﻣﻪ‪َ :‬اﻟﻮ ْ� ُﻪ ﻋﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻮﳼ‪) :‬ور ٔأﯾْ ُﺖ ا َ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎ َل ﰲ ِ‬ ‫َﺮي؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﺒ َﻄﻠْ َﯿ �‬ ‫اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﻮﳼ‬ ‫ثﺎل ِﺟ ْﺮ َد ْ�ﻞ(‪ ،‬و�َ ُﺮ �د �ﻠﯿﻪ اﻟ َﺒ َﻄﻠْ َﯿ �‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُﲔ ِﻣﻦ ِﺷ ْﻄ َﺮﱋ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﻜﻮن �ﲆ ِﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﴪ ِّ‬ ‫ٔأن �ُ ْﻜ َ َ‬
‫زان َ� ِم‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌُ�ﺎ ِﻟﻔ ِﺔ ٔ� ْو ِ‬ ‫اﻟ� َم ﻻ َو ْ� َﻪ �؛ ٔ� �ن ﻣﺎ َو َر َد ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑأٔ �ن ﻫﺬا َ‬
‫ﺮب ﻻ ُ ْﳛﴡ َﻛ ْﱶة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬

‫‪۲۷‬‬
‫�ﺮي )ت‪ ،(٥١٦ :‬ﰲ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ "د �ُرة اﻟﻐ �َﻮ ِاص"؛ �ا�ي‬ ‫�ن ﻫﺬا اﳌَﳯَ ُﺞ َﲜﻼ ٍء ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳊَﺮ ِ ّ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ُﺐ ٕاﺧْﻀﺎ َع‬ ‫اﳋﺎﺻ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﯾُ ِ‬ ‫ﺧ �َﺼ َﺼﻪ ﻟ َﺘتَب�ﻊ ِ ا ٔ�ﺧْﻄﺎ ِء الﻠ�ﻐﻮﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َوﻗَ َﻊ ﻓﳱﺎ �‬
‫ﴪ ﰲ ِ)ﺷ ْﻄ َ ﻧﺮْﺞ( ﻟ َﯿﻠ َﺤ َﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﯿﻎ ِ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻓأٔ ْو َﺟ َﺐ اﻟ َﻜ ْ َ‬
‫زان و ّ ِ‬ ‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﻟ ٔ� ْو ِ‬
‫ﺑـ)ﴰﺮاخ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْو َﺟ َﺐ اﻟﻀ� �ﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫)ﴎداب( ﻟ َﯿﻠ َﺤ َﻖ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﴪﰲ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺑـ)ﺟ ْﺮ َد ْ�ﻞ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْو َﺟ َﺐ اﻟ َﻜ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫) ُد ْﺳ�ﺘﻮر( ﻟ َﯿﻠ َﺤ َﻖ ﺑـ)ﲠُ ْﻠﻮل(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﲓ ﳖَ ْ ِﺞ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫بيﻞ ﺗ َْﺪ ِ‬ ‫َﻔﺎ� )ت‪ (١٠٩٦ :‬ﺧُﻄﻮ ًة ﰲ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﻬﺎب اﳋ �‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺧَﻄﺎ اﻟ ِ ّﺸ ُ‬
‫�ﺮي ﰲ َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ﳑ�ﺎ َذﻫ ََﺐ إﻟﯿﻪ؛ َﻓﺬ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن اﳌ َ ْﺸ َ‬
‫ﻬﻮر ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ٔأﺋِ �ﻤ ِﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻔ ْت ُﺢ ﰲ‬ ‫وﺗَﻌﻘ� َﺐ اﳊَﺮ �‬
‫َ)ﺷ ْﻄ َﺮﱋ(‪ ،‬وﱂ ُﳜ ِّﻄ ْﺊ َﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ َل‪َ ) :‬دﺳ�ﺘﻮر( �ﻟ َﻔ ْتﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ َﺻ ْﻘ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛‬‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ َﺔ َﺑﺼ ْﻘ ِﻠﻬﺎ �ﲆ ٔأ ْوزاﳖِ ﺎ و ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب ﺗ ّ ُِﻌﺮ ُب ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬ ‫ﻀﺢ ٔأ �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬‫و ِﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﯾَﺘ� ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣﻮا ِﻓ ًﻘﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ُﺐ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾ ُﺒﻪ ٔأن َ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ إذا �أ ْﻋ ِﺮ َب ﻻ ﯾُ ِ‬ ‫ﳼ‪� �ٔ ) :‬ن ا ٔ� َﲺ �‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ �َ ٍ ّﲇ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ٔ�ﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ّﰊ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۸‬‬
 ‫ﻃُﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺻﻮﻻ ُوﻃ ُﺮﻗًﺎ �ُﺮ َﺟ ُﻊ إ�ﳱﺎ ﰲ ٔأ ْﻣ ِﺮﻩ‪ ،‬وﱔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ٔأ ً‬ ‫ا �ٕن لﻠﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﺮا ُد ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢُ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕن ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ٔأن ﯾُ َﻨﻈ َﺮ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ٔ -١‬أ ْﻗ َﺮ ُب �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ُﺮ ِق لﻠﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ُﺐ‬ ‫دون ﺗَ ْﻐﯿ ٍﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕن ُو ِ�ﺪَ ﻓﳱﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾُ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ �ﺎ ِﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﺎٕﳖ� ﺎ ﺗَ ْﺒﻘﻰ �ﲆ �ﺎ ِﻟﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻮﺟ ُﺐ ﺗَ ْﻐ َ‬ ‫ﯾُ ِ‬
‫دون ٔأن �ُﺰا َد �ﲆ ذ� ﳾ ٌء‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﯿﲑ َ‬ ‫ﻮﺟ ُبﻪ اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬ ‫ﺪار ﻣﺎ ﯾُ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﲑ ﻓﳱﺎ ﲟِ ْﻘ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﲑ ﻓ ٕﺎﻧ �ﻪ ﯾُ � ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ َ‬
‫ﻮي اﻟ �ﺸ� َﺒ ِﻪ ﺑأٔ ْﺻ ِ�‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ � َﺴﲑ ٌة‪َ ،‬وﲡ َﻌ ُﻞ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ َب ﻗَ �‬ ‫�‬
‫ُﺮوف ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﺟ َﺐ �ﲆ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﺮا ُد ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢُ ﺎ َﺣ ْﺮ ٌف ِﻣﻦ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬إذا َوﻗَ َﻊ ﰲ َ ِ‬
‫ُﺮوف اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﺸ�ﳢِ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕن ٔأ ْﺷ� َﺒ َﻪ َﺣ ْﺮﻓَﲔِ ُﺟ ِﻌ َﻞ ﺑَﺪَ َ�‬ ‫ﺪا� َﺣ ْﺮﻓًﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ ّ ِﻌﺮ ِب ٕاﺑْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎء‪ ،‬وا ��وﱃ َﺟ ْﻌ ُﻞ اﻟﺒﺎ ِء ﺑَﺪَ ًﻻ ِﻣﳯﺎ ﻟ ُﻘ �ﻮ ِة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎء و َ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْﻗﻮى َﺷ�ﳢَ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎ ُء اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ َ‬
‫اﻟ �ﺸ� َﺒ ِﻪ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓتَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢُ ﻢ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺔ )�ﺮﻧﺪ(‪�) :‬ﺮﻧﺪ( �أوﱃ ِﻣﻦ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ِ :‬ﻓ ِﻧﺮْﺪ‪ ،‬وا ��وﱃ ﰲ ِ‬
‫اﳉﲓ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُﲔ )�ﺎ�ﺮ‪ :‬ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢُ ﺎ‪ :‬ﺷﺎ�ﺮي(‪ ،‬وا ��وﱃ ﰲ �اﻟﺰ ِاي اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأن �ُﺴت َ ْبﺪَ َل ﲠﺎ ِ ّ‬
‫ٔأن � ُﺴت َ ْبﺪَ َل ﲠﺎ �اﻟﺰ ُاي ﻻ اﳉ ُﲓ )ﻻژورد ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢُ ﺎ‪ :‬ﻻزورد �أوﱃ ِﻣﻦ ﻻﺟﻮرد(‪ ،‬وﻫﻜﺬا‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ﺷيئًﺎ ا �ٕﻻ إذا دَ�ﺎ إﱃ ذ� داعٍ؛ ٔ� ْن َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﯾَنْ َبﻐﻲ لﻠ ُﻤ ّ ِﻌﺮ ِب ٔأ �ﻻ �َﺰﯾﺪَ ﰲ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻻ ﺗَ ِﻘ �ﻞ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ �ﲆ َﺣ ْﺮﻓَﲔِ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺑُ �ﺪ ٔآن �ُﺰا َد ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮﻫﺎ َﺣ ْﺮ ٌف؛ ٔ� �ن َ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ٔأو ﰲ َو َﺳ ِﻄﻬﺎ ٔأو ﰲ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ ٔأ �و ِل َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺛَﻼﺛ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﺣ ُﺮ ٍف ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و ّ ِاﻟﺰ�د ُة ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن اﻟﻨ� ْﻘ ُﺺ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﯾَن ْ َبﻐﻲ لﻠ ُﻤ ّ ِﻌﺮ ِب ٔأن َﳛ َﺬ َر اﻟﻨ� ْﻘ َﺺ ا �ٕﻻ ٔأن ﯾ َ ْﺪ َﻋﻮ داعٍ ِ��‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ٔآو ﰲ َو َﺳ ِﻄﻬﺎ ٔآو ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔآ �و ِل َ ِ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﯾَنْ َبﻐﻲ لﻠ ُﻤ ّ ِﻌﺮ ِب � ْﻋ ِﺘﻨﺎ ُء ﺑآ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب؛ إذ ا �ٕن ا�ٓ ِﺧ َﺮ ﻫﻮ َﻣ َ� �ﻞ ٕا ْﻋﺮ ِاب‬
‫ﯾﺐ ) َد ْﺳ� َﺘﻪْ( ‪-‬وﱔ اﳊ ُْﺰﻣ ُﺔ‪ :-‬ا�� ْﺳ� َﺘ�ﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا اﻟﻬﺎ َء ﺟﳰًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻟﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ �ﻟ�ﻻ ِ� �ﲆ َاﻟﻮ ْ�ﺪ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ُ �ﰒ زادوا اﻟﺘ� َﺎء ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ َ ِ‬
‫‪۲۹‬‬
 ‫�ت‪،‬‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﲑ ٔأ ْﻛ َ َﱶ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﲏ ِﲝ ْﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﯾَنْ َبﻐﻲ لﻠ ُﻤ ّ ِﻌﺮ ِب ٔأن ﯾ َ ْﻌ َ‬
‫ﰷن ﻓﳱﺎ ﳾ ٌء ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ وٕان َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ِء ﻗﺪ َﺳ �ﻮ َغ اﻟﻨ� ْﻄ َﻖ ﲠﺎ �ﲆ �أﺻﻮ ِﻟﻬﺎ‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ا �ٕن َ‬ ‫�‬
‫�ﲑ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘثْنﺎ ِء ﻣﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ﰲ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ ِﻣﳯﺎ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺑﻮس‪،‬‬ ‫ﰷت ْ ِ‬ ‫ُﺮوف ٔأو اﳊ ََﺮ ِ‬‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ِب‪ :‬ﰷووس‪.‬‬
‫ﻐﺘﺎن ٕا ْ�ﺪاﻫﲈ ٔأ ْﻗ َﺮ ُب إﱃ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ �ٕن‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻟُ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٧‬إذا َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ٔأ �ﻻ ﯾُﺒ َﻌﺪَ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﻋﻦ‬ ‫الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ ا ٔ� ْﻗ َﺮ َب ُﲡ َﻌ ُﻞ ﱔ ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻞ؛ ٔ� �ن ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺒﻮت الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﻌﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎل ﺛُ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ِ� ا �ٕﻻ ﰲ ِ‬
‫ﴫ ِف َﻛ ْﻮ َن‬ ‫ﺮب ﰲ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﺑ ِﻘ � ٍ� ٔأو � َﻜ ْﱶ ٍة‪ ،‬ﻓ ُت ِ ُ‬
‫ﻮﱒ َﻛ ْﱶ ُة اﻟﺘ� �‬ ‫ﴫ ُف اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻗﺪ ﺗَ َﺘ �‬
‫ﰣ ِﻣثﺎلٍ �ﲆ ذ� َ ِﳇﻤ ُﺔ ِﻟ�ﺎ ٍم‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻟﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‬ ‫ﰟ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ﻛﺬ�‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْو َ ُ‬ ‫� ِ‬
‫وﺻﻐ�ﺮوﻫﺎ �ﲆ )ﻟُ َﺠ ِ ّﲓ(‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َﲨﻌﻮﻫﺎ �ﲆ )ﻟُ ُﺠﻢ( ﻛـ) ِﻛﺘﺎب و ُﻛ ُﺘﺐ(‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳼ )ﻟﮕﺎم( ؛ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ :‬ﻟُ َﺠ ْﲓ‪َ ،‬ﲝ ْﺬ ِف �اﻟﺰاﺋِ ِﺪ )ا ٔ� ِﻟﻒ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﲓ ﻓ َيﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﲑ � ْ‬ ‫ﻛـ) ُﻛﺘ ِي ّﺐ( وﯾُ َﺼ ِﻐّﺮوﳖَ ﺎ ﺗ َْﺼ َ‬
‫ﻌﻞ �ﳌَﺼﺪَ ِر وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪ٔ :‬أﻟْ ِﺠ ْﻤﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ٔأﻟْ َﺠ َﻤﻪ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ْﺆﰏ لﻠ ِﻔ ِ‬ ‫و�ﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻮن ِﻣﳯﺎ ا ٔ� ْﻣ َﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫و� َ ْﺸ� َﺘﻘ� َ‬
‫و�ﺎء ﰲ‬ ‫ﰟ ﻓﺎ ِ� ٍﻞ(‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﰟ َﻣ ْﻔﻌﻮلٍ (‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ ُﻣﻠْ ِﺠ ٌﻢ )ا ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ُس ُﻣﻠْ َﺠ ٌﻢ )ا ُ‬ ‫ا ٕﻻﻟْ�ﺎ ُم‪ ،‬وﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم لﻠ َﻤﺮ ٔأ ِة‪)) :‬ﺗَﻠَ �ﺠﻤﻲ((‪َ ،‬ﺑﻮ ْز ِن )ﺗَ َﻔ �ﻌﻞ( ِﻣﻦ ٕاﻟْ�ﺎ ِم‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼ ُة و �‬ ‫ﻗﻮ� �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ُ‬‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‪ٔ -‬أﱔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأم َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ�!‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ َﺮس‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﯾُ ْﺪرى ‪ِ -‬ﻟ َﺘﻤﻜ� ِﻦ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِ ّﲇ والﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ذ� ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻏَﺮاﺑ ٌﺔ ْ َ‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫ﻟيﺲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﻔﺸَ ِﻠﯿﻞ‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ا ِﳌ ْﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬ﮔﻔ�ﻪ ﻟﲒ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۰‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‬
‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب �ﲆ ِﻗ ْﺴ َﻤﲔِ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮب �ﲆ �َﻠَ ِﻤ �ﯿ ِﺘﻪ ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﻘﻮل ِﻣﳯﺎ �َﻠَ ًﻤﺎ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ ْﺟ َﺮﺗْﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬‫ﰷن ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳌ َ ْﻨ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬
‫ﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰷن‪ُ ،‬ورﺑ�ﲈ �َ � َﲑ ْت ﻟَ ْﻔ َﻈﻪ وﻗَ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻟْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫نﺎس؛ ﰷ ٕﻻ ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪ ِق ْ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺳﲈ ُء ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼم‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﻮن �ﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﰟ "اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب"‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ﯾُﻄ ِﻠ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻮل ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ا َ‬ ‫ﻻ ﯾُﻄ ِﻠ ُﻖ ٔأﺋِ �ﻤ ُﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻌ َ ِﲅ اﳌ َ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫ﻻل �ﳌ َ ْﻨﻊ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴫ ِف‪ ،‬و� ْﺳ� ِﺘ ْﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ"‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ا�ي ﯾُﻌ َﺘ �ﺪ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤ ِﺘﻪ ﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻨﻊ ِ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﰟ "ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬‫ا َ‬
‫ﻻل �ﲆ ُ ْﲺﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ﰲ � ْﺳ� ِﺘ ْﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل اﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫اﻟﴫ ِف �ﲆ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤ ِﺔ َﻛﺜﲑٌ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ الﻠ � َﻐﻮﯾ ّ َِﲔ؛ ُ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻟﴫ َف(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰷن ِﻣنﻪ ُ ِ‬ ‫) ٕاﺑْﻠيﺲ(‪) :‬وٕاﺑْ ِﻠ ُيﺲ‪ :‬ﻟيﺲ ﺑ َﻌﺮ ٍ ّﰊ ‪ ...‬إذ ﻟﻮ َ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺢ ٔأ �ن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨ� ْﻮ َع ﻻ ُﳛ َ ُﲂ �ﲆ ٔأ ْﻣ ِثﻠ ِﺘﻪ �ﻻ ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﺣيﺚ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻤﻲ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‬ ‫وٕان واﻓَ َﻘ ْﺖ ٔأ ْﺻ ًﻼ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠيﺲ ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ذ� ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ا ٔ� َﲺ �‬
‫ﺣﱴ وٕان واﻓَ َﻖ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟَﻬﻢ‪ٔ :‬أﺑْﻠَ َﺲ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠيﺲ � ا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ٌ‬ ‫ﻠيﺲ‪ ،‬ا ٌ ْ‬
‫ﻘﺎق‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﰟ ٔأ َﲺ �‬ ‫ٕاﺑْ َ‬
‫اﻧْ َﻘ َﻄ َﻌ ْﺖ ُﺣ �ﺠ ُﺘﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أو ٔأﺑْﻠَ َﺲ ﯾُﺒ ِﻠ ُﺲ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﯿأٔ ِس‪ ،‬و َﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ َل‪ٕ :‬اﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺑْﻠَ َﺲ‬
‫َﺮي ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎﻗَﻪ‬‫َﺮي وا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫وﲺﻤ ِﺘﻪ ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َﻋ َﺮﺑي � ِتﻪ ُ ْ‬
‫وﻗﺪ �َﺮ �د َد ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ْ َ‬‫ﯾُﺒ ِﻠ ُﺲ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫َﺮي ﱂ َﳚ ِﺰ ْم ﺑِﺬ� ‪ ،‬وﺧ �َﻄأ� ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ َﻣﻦ َذﻫ ََﺐ إﱃ َﻋﺮﺑي � ِتﻪ‬ ‫ﻼس‪ ،‬ﺑ َ ْﯿﺪَ ٔأ �ن ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻﺑْ ِ‬
‫ﴏﻓُﻪ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻚ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫�ﲀن َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ‪ ،‬وﻟَ َﻮ َﺟ َﺐ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻠيﺲ" ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫ﰷن " ٕاﺑْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬ﻟﻮ َ‬
‫اﻟﴫف(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﴫﻓْتَﻪ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻻ ﻣﺎ ِﻧ َﻊ � ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫َ �ﲰ ْﯿ َﺖ َر ُ� ًﻼ ﺑـ"ا ْﺟﻔيﻞ‪ ،‬وٕا ْﺧﺮﯾﻂ" َ َ‬
‫�‬
‫وﻛﺬ� ٔآﯾﻀً ﺎ ﻻ َﳚ ُﻮز ٔآن ﯾُﻘﺎ َل‪ :‬ا �ٕن ) ٕا ْدر َ�ﺲ( وﻫﻮ �َ َ ٌﲅ �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ِ ِ ّﱯ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ‪ :‬د ََر ْﺳ ُﺖ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ َن‪،‬‬
‫ﻘﻮب( ‪-‬وﻫﻮ �َ َ ٌﲅ �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ‪ِ -‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻘﱮ‬ ‫وﻻ ِﻣﻦ‪ :‬د ََر َس اﳌ َ ِﲋ ُل‪ ،‬وﻻ ٔأن ﯾُﻘﺎ َل‪ :‬ا �ٕن )ﯾ َ ْﻌ َ‬
‫ﴏﻓَﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴏﻓُﻪ؛ ﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِم ُوﺟﻮ ِد ﻣﺎ ﯾَﻤﻨَ ُﻊ َ ْ‬ ‫ﰷن ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ�ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ﻟَ َﻮ َﺟ َﺐ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻘﺎب؛ إذ ﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫وﻻ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ِ‬
‫‪۳۱‬‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وا ْﺳ� َﺘﺪ �ل ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ �ﲆ ذ� ﺑ َﺒيْ ٍﺖ لﻠﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ واﻓَ َﻘ ْﺖ ٔأﻟْ َ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ٕاﻧ �ﲈ ﻫﺬﻩ ٔأﻟْ ٌ‬
‫�ا�ﺑْﯿﺎ ِ ّﱐ ﻣﻦ اﻟبﺴ�ﯿﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻮس ٔأ ْو�َﺪَ ﱐ * وﻻ ﻗَﺮ َار �ﲆ َز ٔأ ٍر ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� َﺳ ِﺪ‬ ‫�أﻧْ ِﺒئْ ُﺖ ٔأ �ن ٔأ� َ‬
‫ﲱ َﺢ ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ �‬ ‫ﻟﴫﻓَ ْﺖ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﻟَ ْﻔﻈ ُﺔ )ﻗﺎﺑﻮس( ُﻣ ْﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﻗَبَ ْﺴ ُﺖ اﻟﻨ� َﺎر‪ِ ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأ �ﻻ ﯾُﻘﺎ َل ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم؛ إذ �َﺮى ٔأ �ن �‬ ‫ِﻋﺒﺎر َة الﻠ � َﻐﻮ ِﯾ ّ َﲔ �ا��ﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأن ﯾُﻘﺎ َل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ �‬ ‫ﴏﻓي�ﺎ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫و�ﲑﻫﲈ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم‪ :‬ا �ٕن ﻟﻬﺎ َو ْز�ً َ ْ‬ ‫ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ َﲓ وٕا ْﺳﲈﻋﯿ َﻞ ْ ِ‬
‫ﲀن ُﺣ ْﳬُﻬﺎ ﻛﺬا وﻛﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮب �َ َ‬ ‫ا �ٕن ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﲈء ﻟﻮ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺳﲈ ُء ا ٔ� ْﺟنﺎس‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻮن ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﴫ َ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ﻛﲈ ﰷﻧﻮا ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬ ‫َﴫﻓﻮا ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻗﺪ ﺗ �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ ٔأ �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬
‫يﺖ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﯾُﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ٔأ ْﺻ ٌﻞ ا ْﺷ� ُﺘﻘ� ْﺖ ِﻣنﻪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ‪) :‬وا ِ ّﻟﺴ ْﺨ ِﺘ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﺑﻞ اﻓْ ُ ِﱰ َض ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﴏ َح َﲜﻮ ِاز � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﱔ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻬﺎ ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ َﲯﺖ(‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ا �ٕن اﳋَﻠﯿ َﻞ ﻗﺪ َ �‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﺷ ِﻖ "�َﺸَ َﻖ"‬ ‫ﻌﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺷﻖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ‪) :‬وﻟﻮ ا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ِﻓ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ اﳉَنْ ِﺲ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬ ‫ا ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑ(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎز‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ﻟ ٔ� ْ�ﺪَ ِل �‬ ‫ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﰻ ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪-‬اﻟ�ﱵ ﻟيﺴﺖ ٔأ ْ�ﻼ ًﻣﺎ‪ -‬ﺗ �ُﻌﺮ ُب‪ ،‬وﺗَ َﺘﻤﻜ� ُﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ ٔأ �ن �‬
‫اﻟﴫ ِف ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮﳖِ ﺎ‬‫ﰷ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗُﻤﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟ� ِم‪ ،‬وﺗَﺪ ُ�ﻠُﻬﺎ ا ٔ� ِﻟ ُﻒ و �اﻟﻼ ُم ﺗَﲈ ًﻣﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ّ ِا�ﯾﺒﺎجِ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴫ ِف ﻛﲈ ﯾَﻤﻨَ ُﻊ َ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻣﺎ ِﻧ ٌﻊ ﯾَﻤﻨَ ُﻌﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ا �ٕﻻ إن َ‬
‫وال ِﻠ ّ�ﺎ ِم‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ْﲑوز‪.‬‬
‫وﻗ ِﺪ اﺗ � َﻔ َﻖ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ُء �ﲆ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ َب ﻻ �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ﳾ ٍء؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ٕا �ﻣﺎ ٔأن �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺮﰊ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ ٔأ ْ َﲺ ّ ٍ‬
‫ﻤﻲ؛‬ ‫ﻤﻲ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ ٔأو اﻟ َﻌ �‬ ‫ﺮﰊ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ�ﺎ ٌل ٔأن �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ا ٔ� َﲺ �‬ ‫ﻤﻲ ٔأو َﻋ ٍ ّ‬
‫ﻘﺎق ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ِة؛ ٔ� �ن‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ؛ ٕاﻧ �ﲈ ﯾ َ َﻘ ُﻊ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ﻻ �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ٔ� �ن الﻠ � ِ‬
‫)�ب ﻣﺎ َﳚ ُِﺐ �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎﻇ ِﺮ ﰲ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎق‬ ‫اﻟﴪاجِ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎج وﺗ َْﻮﻟﯿ ٌﺪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ �‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ِﻧ ٌ‬ ‫� ْﺷ� ِﺘ َ‬

‫‪۳۲‬‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫وﳛ ِﱰ َس ِﻣنﻪ‪ِ :‬ﳁ �ﻤﺎ ﯾَنْ َبﻐﻲ ٔأن َﳛ َﺬ َرﻩ �ﺎﯾ َﺔ اﳊ ََﺬ ِر ٔأن �َﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ٔأن ﯾ َ َﺘﻮﻗ�ﺎﻩ َ ْ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن ﲟ َ ِﲋ ِ� َﻣﻦ اد�ﻋﻰ ٔأ �ن �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْ َﲑ َو َ ُ� اﳊﻮت(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﴚ ٍء ﻗﺪ �أ ِ� َﺬ ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬‬
‫واﺗ � َﻔ َﻖ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ُء �ﲆ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ َب �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓ َي ْﺠﺮي �ﻠﯿﻪ َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺣﲀ ِم ِ‬
‫اﳉﺎرﯾ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ َﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮﻩ ٔأ ْﺻ ًﻼ ﺛُﻼﺛ �ﯿﺎ ٔأو ُر�ﻋ �ﯿﺎ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا‬ ‫�ﲆ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ اﻓْ َ َﱰ َض اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ُء ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎت‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻣ ِث ِ� ذ�‪:‬‬ ‫وﺻ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣنﻪ ٔأﻓْ ً‬
‫ﻌﺎﻻ ِ‬
‫)اﻟﺴبيﺞ( ‪-‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ُب ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮ ُد‪ِ -‬ﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ َﺑﻮ ْز ِن )ﺗَ َﻔ �ﻌﻞ(‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎﻗُﻬﻢ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫�اﻟﺮ َﺟﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ﴚ اﻟْ َﺘ �ﻒ ٔأو � َ َﺴ� �ﺒ�ﺎ‬ ‫ﰷﳊَبَ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺴبيﺞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﻟْ َﺘ �ﻒ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ َﻘ ْﻮ ُ�‪َ َ � :‬ﺴ� �ﺒ�ﺎ )ﺗَ َﻔ �ﻌﻞ( ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫ﻌﻞ‬‫و�ﺎء اﳌَﺼﺪَ ُر �ﲆ )ﺗَ ْﻔﻌﯿﻞ(‪ :‬ﺗ َْﺪو�ﻦ‪ ،‬ﰷﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬و ِﻣ ُث� ) ِدﯾﻮان( ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬د �َو َن‪َ ،‬‬
‫ﺮﰊ َﺳﻮ ًاء َ�ﺴﻮاء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ِﺮ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ َﺟ ِﺰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬وﻗَ ْﻮ ُل �‬
‫ﻓ َﻜ ْ ِﻧﺮﺒﻮا ود َْو ِﻟﺒﻮا‬
‫ﺪﯾنتﺎن أ ْ َٔﲺﻤ �ﯿﺘﺎن‪.‬‬
‫ﻻب‪ ،‬وﻫﲈ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ٔأي‪ :‬ﺗ ََﻮ ��ﻮا إﱃ َﻛ ْ ﻧﺮ َ َﺒﺎ ود َْو َ‬
‫وﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ا�ٓ َﺧ ِﺮ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ َﺟ ِﺰ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎ�ﺎ اﳌ ُ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻤﺠ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﴘ َ‬ ‫ِﻣث ُﻞ اﻟ ِﻘ ِ ِ ّ‬
‫ﳼ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻘ �ﻮاس‪.‬‬ ‫واﳌ ُ َﻘ ْﻤ ِﺠ ُﺮ �ﲆ َو ْز ِن ) ُﻣ َﻔ ْﻌ ِﻠﻞ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ُر ْؤﺑ َﺔ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ َﺟ ِﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ﲯ ُ‬
‫ﺘيﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ﯾُ ِﻨﺠ َﯿ ِ ّﲏ َ� ِﻠ ٌﻒ ِ ْ‬

‫‪۳۳‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬‫ْﺖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺨ ِ‬ ‫ﺘيﺖ( �ﲆ َو ْز ِن ) ِﻓ ْﻌ ِﻠﯿﻞ( ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫ﲯ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓـ) ِ ْ‬
‫وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﲠَ ْ َﺮ َ�ﻪ‪ :‬إذا ٔأﺑْ َﻄ َ�‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ ا�ﳢَ ْ َﺮجِ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﻃﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ ﻧ ِ‬
‫َﻈﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﰟ ا ِﳉن ْ ِﺲ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻲ ﻛﲈ ﯾ َ ْﻘتَﴤ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬ ‫ﺮب �َﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ا ِ‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ ﻓﺎ �ٕن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬
‫ﺮﰊ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟ َﻌ ّ‬
‫ﻘﺎل إﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ٔأن �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﳯﺎ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ �ﺎ َء‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳋُﻼﺻﺔ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ُء اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ُﺔ ﻻ ﯾُ ُ‬
‫يﺴﺖ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ُم ُﻣ ْﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ًﺔ وﻻ‬
‫دون ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم؛ ﻓﻠ ِ‬ ‫نﺎس َ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬‫� ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫�ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٤‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌُﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺏ ﻭﺍﳌُﺸﺘّﺮ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﻠّﻔﻈﻲ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ إﱃ ٔأن ﺗَﺘ� ِﻔ َﻖ ﰲ ﻟَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻬﺎ ﻣ َﻊ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ َ ْﲣﺘ ِﻠ ُﻒ ﻣ َﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﯾُﺆ ِ ّدي ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻈﻲ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْﻣ ِث ُ� �ﲆ ذ�‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﻮر ٌة ِﻣﻦ ُﺻ َﻮ ِر اﳌ ُ ْﺸ َﱰ ِك الﻠ � ْﻔ ّ ِ‬
‫ﳼ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﻮر ﻫﻮ اﳊﺎﺋِﻂُ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫‪ِ َ -‬ﳇﻤ ُﺔ ُ)ﺳﻮر(‪� :‬‬
‫�ﺎ�ﺮا‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪)) :‬ا �ٕن ً‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ ِ� ٍﺮ َر َ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم؛ ْ‬ ‫ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ �‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺻﻨﻊ ُﺳ ًﻮرا‪َ ،‬ﲿ �ﻲ ًﻫﻼ �ﲂ((‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ وﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫‪ِ َ -‬ﳇﻤ ُﺔ ُ)زور(‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪َ :‬ﺷﻬﺎد ُة اﻟﺒﺎ ِﻃ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫اﻟ ُﻘ �ﻮة‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ُ ) :‬ﺣنْﺐ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫‪ِ َ -‬ﳇﻤ ُﺔ ) ُﺣ ٍ ّﺐ(‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻮدادُ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ اﳉ �َﺮ ُة اﻟﻀ� ﺨْﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ َ -‬ﳇﻤ ُﺔ ) َﻣ ْﺮج(‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻘﻠَ ِﻖ و�ﺿْ ِﻄﺮ ِاب‪ ،‬وﱔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣ َﺮ َﺟ ِﺖ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ) َﻣ ْﺮغ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْر ُض اﻟﻮ ِاﺳﻌ ُﺔ اﳋَﺼﯿﺒ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ا�� اﺑ � ُﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ر َﻋ ِﺖ اﳌ َ ْﺮ َج‪ ،‬و َﻣ َﺮ ْﺟﳤُ ﺎ ٔأ�‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أ ْر َﺳﻠْﳤُ ﺎ �َ ْﺮﻋﻰ ﰲ اﳌ َ ْﺮج‪ ،‬وﻻ َ‬
‫ﳾء‬
‫ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻗﻮ ِال الﻠ�ﻐﻮﯾ ّ َِﲔ ﯾَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ ٔأ �ن اﳌ َ ْﺮ َج ﲠِ ﺬا اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ) َﻣ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� ْر ِض اﻟﻮ ِاﺳﻌ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺮﰊ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳋَﺼﯿﺒ ِﺔ( َﻋ �‬
‫اﻟﺸ �ﺪ َة واﳉ َْﺪ َب‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل َﻃ َﺮﻓ ُﺔ �اﻟﺮ َﻣﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِ َ -‬ﳇﻤ ُﺔ )ﻋ َْﺴ َﻜﺮ(‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜﺮ ُة ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ ِ ّ‬
‫ﴮﻂَ َﻣﺰ ِار اﳌ ُ �ﺪ ِﻛ ْﺮ‬ ‫ﻇ �ﻞ ﰲ ﻋ َْﺴ َﻜﺮ ٍة ِﻣﻦ ُﺣ ِ ّﳢﺎ * وﻧأ� ْت َ ْ‬
‫ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻇ �ﻞ ﰲ ِﺷ �ﺪ ٍة ِﻣﻦ ُﺣ ِ ّﳢﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� )ﻟَ ْﺸﻜﺮ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ اﳉَيْ ِﺶ‪ ،‬واﳉَيْ ُﺶ ﻧ ْﻔ ُﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫واﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜ ُﺮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬

‫‪۳٥‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌُﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺏ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻠّﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺟﻢ‬
‫ﺒﲔ َﻣﻌﺎنﳱَ ﺎ‬ ‫ﲈت اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬
‫وﰷن ﯾُ ِ ّ ُ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﲑا ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲷ َﻦ اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ ﰲ ُﻣﻌ َﺠ ِﻤﻪ ))اﻟ َﻌ ْﲔ(( �َﺪَ دًا َﻛ ً‬ ‫‪�َ -‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ َ�ﲔِ ‪-‬‬ ‫دون ﺗَ ْﻔﺮﻗ ٍﺔ ْ َ‬
‫ﺧيﻞ ‪َ -‬‬ ‫و� َْﺴ ْتﺸﻬِﺪُ �ﻠﳱﺎ‪ ،‬وﯾُن َ ِبّ ُﻪ �ﲆ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ٔأو ا�� ِ‬
‫ﺜﲑا ﻣﺎ ﰷن ﯾَن ُﺴ�ﳢُ ﺎ إﱃ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ ﺑ َﻌ ْﯿﳯِ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ � َ َﺴ َﺐ "ﻫﯿﺎ ﴍاﻫﯿﺎ" إﱃ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫و َﻛ ً‬
‫� � ﻗَي�ﻮ ُم‪ ،‬وﻛﲈ � َ َﺴ َﺐ "ﻃﻪ" إﱃ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪َ � :‬ر ُ� ُﻞ‪ ،‬و� َ َﺴ َﺐ )اﳉُﻠ�ﺴﺎن(‬ ‫� َ�‬
‫اﻟﱪ�َ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و� َ َﺴ َﺐ �اﻟﺰﻗ�ﻮ َم لﻠُﻐ ِﺔ‬‫ﴫ و َْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و� َ َﺴ َﺐ )اﻟ َﻘ ْيﻄﻮن( وﻫﻮ اﳌُ�ْﺪَ ُع لﻠُﻐ ِﺔ ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫إﱃ ِ‬
‫ﲈت ا�� ﺧي ِ�‪ ،‬وٕاﻧ �ﲈ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬‫ﴫ اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ �ﲆ اﻟﺘ� ْﻨبي ِﻪ �ﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ٕاﻓْﺮﯾﻘي� َﺔ وﻫﻮ �اﻟﺰﺑْﺪُ �ﻟﺘ� ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﯾَﻘتَ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈعِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎس �ﲆ �‬ ‫�ﲑﻩ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌ ِﳣﺪً ا ﰲ ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫ﻌﲅ ﲠﺎ ا�� ﺧي ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َوﺿَ َﻊ ِ�� اﻟ َﻘﻮا ِ�ﺪَ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ﻘﻮل اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ‪) :‬ﻓﺎٕذا َو َر َد �ﻠﯿﻚ ﳾ ٌء ِﻣﻦ ذ�‬ ‫ﺮب ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻘﺮ� ِﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟ َﻘﻮا ِ� ِﺪ؛ ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺮب وﻣﺎ ﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ ﺗَأٔﻟﯿ ِﻔﻬﻢ‪ْ َ ،‬ﳓ ُﻮ‪ :‬ﻗَ ْﻌﺜ َْﺞ وﻧ َ ْﻌﺜَﺞ و َد ْﻋﺜَﺞ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧ ُْﻈ ْﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ﺗَأٔ ِﻟﯿﻒ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ٔأﻟ � ْﻔنﺎﻩ ﻟ ُﯿ َﻌﺮ َف َﲱ ُﯿﺢ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﻋﻦ ِﺛ َﻘ ٍﺔ ﱂ ﯾُﻨ َﻜ ْﺮ‪ ،‬وﱂ �َﺴ َﻤ ْﻊ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫ﯾُ َنﺴ ُﺐ إﱃ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ‬
‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ ا�� ﺧيﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺑﻨﺎ ِء َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻟ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا�� ﺧي ِ� ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ؛ ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮل‬ ‫وﰷن اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ � َ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ ِﻤ ُﻞ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ َﺢ " ُﻣ�ﺪَ ﺛ ٍﺔ ٔأو ُﻣ ْبﺘﺪَ � ٍﺔ" َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُﺮوف �ا�ﻟْ ِﻖ ٔأو‬ ‫اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ‪) :‬ﻓﺎٕن َو َرد َْت �ﻠﯿﻚ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُر�ﻋ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأو ﺧُﲈﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮا ٌة ِﻣﻦ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ُﻣ�ﺪَ ﺛ ٌﺔ ُﻣ ْبﺘﺪَ � ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟيﺴﺖ ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ َﻔﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ...‬ﻓﺎ ْ� َ ْﲅ ٔأ �ن ﺗ� َ ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫�ت‪ ،‬و ِ� ْﺴبﳤِ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻔﺎت الﻠ�ﻐﻮﯾ � ِﺔ �ﻟﻨ� ِّﺺ �ﲆ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ واﳌُﺼﻨ� ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗَﻮ َاﺻ َﻞ ا ْﻫ ِﺘﲈ ُم ٔأ ْﲱ ِﺎب اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫�ﺛﻮن ﻋﻦ َﻣﺬا ِﻫ ِﺐ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﻼل ذ� ﯾ َ َﺘ�ﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺴﲑ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ� ِ‬ ‫لﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘ َﻞ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻤﲒ ﺑﻪ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻲ وﻣﺎ ﯾُ � ُ‬‫ﻌﲈل ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫ﰲ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﰟ ُ�ﻦ َﺳ �ﻼ ٍم )ت‪٢٢٤ :‬ﻫـ( لﻠ ُﻤ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﻓَ ْﺼ ًﻼ ﰲ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ‪" :‬اﻟ َﻐﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ٔأﻓْ َﺮ َد ٔأﺑﻮ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿ ٍﺪ ِ ُ‬
‫‪ْ -‬‬
‫ﺮب ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬‫�ﲑ ﻟُ ِ‬ ‫اﳌُﺼﻨ� ُﻒ"‪ ،‬ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪) :‬ﻣﺎ َد َ� َﻞ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬

‫‪۳٦‬‬
‫‪ -‬و ٔأﻓْ َﺮ َد � ا ُ�ﻦ ﻗُتَ ْﯿﺒ َﺔ )ت‪٢٧٦ :‬ﻫـ( ﻓَ ْﺼ ًﻼ ُﻣ َﻄ �ﻮ ًﻻ ﰲ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ‪ٔ " :‬أدَب ا�ﲀ ِﺗ ِﺐ"‪ ،‬ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪:‬‬
‫اﻟ� ِم ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّﻤﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺎ �َﳫ� َﻢ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ‬
‫‪ -‬و ٔآﻓْ َﺮ َد � ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾ ٍﺪ ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ "اﳉَ ْﻤﻬَﺮة" ً�� ُﻣ َﻄ �ﻮ ًﻻ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪�) :‬ب ِﻟﲈ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ و �اﻟﺮوﻣي� َﺔ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر ﰷلﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺑ َ � َﲔ ﻓيﻪ ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ َ‬ ‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ �‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ َﺔ و � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﴎ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ(؛ ٔأ �وﻟُﻬﲈ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪) :‬ﻓَ ْﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ‫‪ -‬و ٔأﻓْ َﺮ َد � اﻟﺜ �ﻌﺎ ِﻟ �ﱯ ﻓَ ْﺼﻠَﲔِ ِﻣﻦ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ ) ِﻓ ْﻘ ُﻪ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ِ �‬
‫ﺮب إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ ٔأو �َ ْﺮ ِﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻄﺮ ِت اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺿْ �‬ ‫ﰲ ﺳ�ﯿﺎﻗ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ٍء ﺗَ َﻔ �ﺮد َْت ﲠﺎ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُس َ‬
‫دون اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا ٔ�ﺋِ �ﻤ ِﺔ إﱃ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫�ﺎﴐ ُت ﺑﻪ ﳑ�ﺎ � َ َﺴ� َﺒﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ﱔ(‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪) :‬ﻓَ ْﺼ ٌﻞ ﻓ� َ ْ‬
‫�اﻟﺮوﻣي�ﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺨﺼ ِﺺ( ﺛَﻼﺛ َﺔ ٔأﺑْﻮ ٍاب؛ ا ٔ� �و ُل ِﻣﳯﺎ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪) :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬و ٔأﻓْ َﺮ َد � ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺳ�ﯿﺪَ ﻩ ﰲ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ )اﳌ ُ �‬
‫ﺪال ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ(‪،‬‬ ‫)�ب ّ ِاﻃﺮا ِد ا ٕﻻﺑْ ِ‬ ‫�أﻋ ِﺮ َب ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿﺔ(‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ِﻣﳯﺎ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪ُ :‬‬
‫اﻟ�م(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِﻟ ُﺚ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪) :‬ﻣﺎ �ﺎﻟَ َﻔ ِﺖ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻲ(‬ ‫اﻟ� ِم ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﻓﻬﻮ )اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ِﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َﻌﲅ‪ -‬ﺧ �ُﺺ �ﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب ‪-‬ﻓ� ﻧ َ ُ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ٔأ �و ُل ِﻛ ٍ‬
‫ﴪ ِت اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ�ت‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ِﱪ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ِﺐ اﻟ�ﱵ َ َﲨ َﻌ ْﺖ وﻓَ � َ‬ ‫ﺼﻮر اﳉَﻮ ّ ِ‬ ‫ٔ�ﰊ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ا�دي ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ ْﲑوز �‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم �ا��ﻦ ﰷن ﳍﻢ ا ْﻫ ِﺘﲈ ٌم َﻛﺒﲑٌ � ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫نﻮن و ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﺒﺎ�ت‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم واﻟ ُﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺜﲑا ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس اﳌُﺤﯿﻂ(؛ إذ َذ َﻛ َﺮ َﻛ ً‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺛﲔ واﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﻬﺎ ِء واﻟ ُﺒ ْ� ِان؛ ﻓ َﻜ ُ َﱶ ِت ا ٔ�ﻟْ ُ‬ ‫دات ا ٔ� ْد ِوﯾ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﳌُ� ِّﺪ َ‬
‫و ُﻣ َﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫ِﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ٔأ َد �ل �ﲆ ذ� ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﰲ َﺻ ْﻔ� ٍﺔ وا ِ�ﺪ ٍة ﻣﺎ ﯾ َ ُﻘﺮ ُب ِﻣﻦ ﻋ ََﴩ ِة‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻤﻲ؛ ﻛ َﻘ ْﻮ ِ�‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ُ �ﰒ ﯾَﺬ ُﻛ ُﺮ ُﻣﺮا ِدﻓَﻬﺎ ا ٔ� َﲺ �‬
‫ﰷن ﯾَﺬ ُﻛ ُﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ �أ ِ� َﺬ �ﻠﯿﻪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َ‬ ‫�ت‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﱪﻧﻮف(‪.‬‬ ‫)اﻟﺸﺎﻓﺎﻓَ ُﺞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ ْب ٌﺖ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﻌ �ﺮ ُب‪ :‬ﺷﺎ�ﺑَﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ ْ‬ ‫�‬

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 ‫ﻗﺼ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻌﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫ﻌﻮب‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﲈ ﺗَ ْﻘ ِﱰ ُض �‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ �‬ ‫ﲀك ْ َ‬ ‫ﰷﻻﺣ ِت ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت َﴐور ٌة �رﳜ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫�ﺣ ِتﲀكُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ُﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌَﻈﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ َﻋﻮا ِﻣ ُﻞ ُﻣتَﻌ ِّﺪد ٌة‬ ‫دات اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ ِ ّ ُ‬ ‫َﻣﻈﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ اﻟﺜ �ﻘﺎﻓ ِﺔ ﺗَ ْﻘ ِﱰ ُض ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ِ ،‬ﻣﳯﺎ اﻟ َﻌﻮا ِﻣ ُﻞ � ْﻗ ِتﺼﺎدﯾ � ُﺔ واﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿﺎﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ واﻟ ِﻌ ْﺮﻗي� ُﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫�ﺣ ِتﲀ ِك ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗُﺆ ِ�ّ ُﺮ ﰲ ُوﻗﻮعِ ْ‬
‫ﻌﺎت ا ٔ�ﻗَ ِ ّﻞ‬ ‫ﻐﻮي �ﲆ اﳌ ُ ْﺠﳣ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮ ًة ﺗَﻔ ِﺮ ُض ﺗَأٔ َﺛﲑﻫﺎ الﻠ � �‬ ‫ﴬا �‬ ‫ﻌﺎت ا�ٔ ْﻛ َ َﱶ َﲢ � ً‬ ‫وﻻ َﺷ �ﻚ ٔأ �ن اﳌ ُ ْﺠﳣ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﻮب اﳌُ�ﺎ ِور ِة‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫ﺮب ‪ّ ِ �ٔ -‬ي َﺷ ْﻌ ٍﺐ‪ -‬ﺧَﻀَ َﻌ ْﺖ ﻟُﻐﳤُ ﻢ ﻟ َﺘأٔﺛﲑ ِات ﻟُ ِ‬ ‫ﴬا وﻗُ �ﻮةً‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫َ َﲢ � ً‬
‫ﺤﴬ ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ َﻋﻮا ِﻣ ُﻞ �أﺧﺮى ﺗَﻠ َﻌ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ؛ ِﻣﻦ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٍﺔ وﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٍﺔ وﻻﺗﯿني� ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﲜﺎ ِﻧ ِﺐ �‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮ ِة واﻟﺘ� � ِ‬
‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ؛ ِ�ا نَﺮى‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ ٔأ َ ِّﳘﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﻼﻗ ُﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺋِﻠ �ﯿ ُﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ � ِ‬‫ﺒﲑا ﰲ اﻟﺘ�أٔﺛﲑ ِات ْ َ‬ ‫د َْو ًرا َﻛ ً‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﺳﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ ‪-‬ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺳﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ‪-‬‬ ‫ٔآ �ن ﺗَآٔ َﺛﲑ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ واﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪-‬وﱔ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ٔأ ْﻗﻮى ِﻣﻦ ﺗَأٔ ِﺛﲑ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ و �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﲈ ِﻣﻦ �ﺎﺋِ ِ� الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْورو ِﺑ ّ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫�ﺣ ِتﲀكُ اﳌﺎ ِد �ي‬ ‫دات إﱃ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻫﻮ ْ‬ ‫ُﺧﻮل ﺗ� اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ ﰲ د ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺎ ِﻣ ُﻞ �اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻬﻮر‬‫�ﺣ ِتﲀكُ ِﻣﻦ ُﻇ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﻮب ا ��ﺧﺮى‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ٔأد�ى إﻟﯿﻪ ﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﳼ واﻟﺜ �ﻘﺎ �ﰲ � �� َﻣ ِﻢ و �‬ ‫واﻟ ِ ّﺴ� �‬
‫ﻌﱪ ﻋﳯﺎ؛ ﻓﻘ ِﺪ ْاﺣتَ �ﻚ‬ ‫ﺮب �ﲆ ِ� ٍﲅ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﯾُ ِ ّ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫�ت ﱂ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ٍ‬
‫ﻼت‪ ،‬وا ْﻣ ِﱱاجِ‬ ‫ﲈل ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ اﻟ ِﺘّ�ﺎر ِة واﻟﻬِ ْﺠﺮ ِة و ّ ِاﻟﺮ ْ� ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬‫ﺮب ﲜﲑاﳖِ ﻢ ا�ٓراﻣيّ َِﲔ ﰲ �‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻮرا ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ َﻣآٔﻟﻮﻓ ًﺔ ﰲ ﺑﯿئﳤِ ﻢ ﳑ�ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ َﻘبﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ �ﻟﻌﺎﻟَ ِﻢ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ‪ ،‬وا ْﻗتَبَﺴﻮا ِﻣﳯﻢ ٔآ ً‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺴﻔﻲ وﻣﺎ َورا َء ا �ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻜﲑ اﻟ َﻔﻠْ ّ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎ� ِﺔ ُوﺷﺆو ِن اﻟﺘ� ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎت ّ ِ‬‫ﯾَﺘ� ِﺼ ُﻞ ﲟ ُ ْﻨ َﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺜ �ﻘﺎﻓي� ُﺔ و� ْﻗ ِتﺼﺎدﯾ � ُﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﰷﻧ َِﺖ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫َﻨﻮب؛ ْ‬ ‫ﺮب ﲜﲑاﳖِ ﻢ اﻟ َﯿ َﻤﻨ ّﯿ َِﲔ ﰲ اﳉ ِ‬ ‫و ْاﺣتَ �ﻚ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﻫﺎ َﺟ َﺮ ْت ُﻣنْ ُﺬ اﻟ ِﻘﺪَ ِم َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘبﺎﺋِ ِﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ َﺒﲔِ ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ �‬ ‫و ّ ِا�ﯾني� ُﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮى ﻣﺎ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ْ َ‬
‫ﺮب ٔأ َﺷ �ﺪ � ْﻣ ِﱱاجِ‪ ،‬وﰷﻧ َِﺖ‬ ‫اﻟ َﯿ َﻤﻨ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛ َﻘبﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ُﺧﺰا� َﺔ وا ٔ� ْو ِس واﳋ َْﺰ َرجِ‪ ،‬وا ْﻣ َ َﱱﺟﻮا �ﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺪار اﻟﻌﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ ُﻣ ْﺴ� ِﳣ �ﺮ ًة �ﲆ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﻼت اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺑِﻼ ِد اﻟ َﯿ َﻤ ِﻦ لﻠ ِﺘّ�ﺎر ِة ْ ِ‬ ‫ّ ِاﻟﺮ ْ� ُ‬

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‫وﲨ َﻌ ْﺖ ﺑيْﳯَ ﲈ َروا ِﺑﻂُ َوﺛﯿﻘ ٌﺔ‬ ‫بﺎش‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻨﻮب‪ْ �ٔ � -‬ﺣ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب –ﻻ ﺳ� �ﯿﲈ َﻋ َﺮ ِب اﳉ ِ‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ ْاﺣتَ �ﻚ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫دات َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ‬ ‫يﺎد�ﻦ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿﺎﺳ ِﺔ و� ْﻗ ِتﺼﺎ ِد واﻟﺜ �ﻘﺎﻓ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧْ َﺘ َﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ُﻣ َﻔﺮ ٌ‬ ‫ﰲ َﻣ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺮب � َﻜث ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻬﻮر اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم ٔأد ْ�ت إﱃ ا ْﻣ ِﱱاجِ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫تﻮ�ﺎت اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼﻣي� َﺔ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُﻇ ِ‬ ‫ُ �ﰒ ا �ٕن اﻟ ُﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎل َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ٔأد�ى ذ� إﱃ اﻧْ ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻌﻮب اﻟ�ﱵ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ﰲ اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم وﰲ ُﺣ ْ ِﲂ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﺮب ﺑأٔ ْﲱﺎﲠِ ﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﻟ�ﱵ ْاﺣتَ �ﻚ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﯿﺎد�ﻦ ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠ ِﻒ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫دات ﰲ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠ ِﻒ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫وﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٍﺔ و ِﻗ ْبﻄ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و�َ ْﺮ�َﺮﯾ � ٍﺔ وﻗُﻮﻃ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و�ُ ْﺮ� �ﯿ ٍﺔ و ُﻛ ْﺮدﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ٍﺔ ُ ْ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ُﺮوب ا �ﻟﺼﻠﯿبي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ا ٔ� ْوروﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫�ﺣ ِتﲀكُ �لﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺢ لﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ْ‬ ‫ُ �ﰒ �أ َ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻼﻗﺎت َاﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘ ِﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫ﲀك وﺗَﻨَ �ﻮ َﻋ ْﺖ ٔأ ْﺳ�ﺒﺎﺑُﻪ؛ لﻠ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫�ﺣ ِت ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻮر اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ َﻛ ُ َﱶ ْت ﻓُ َﺮ ُص ْ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻌ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎت ا ٔ� ْوروﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺜﺎت اﻟ ِﻌﻠْﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻛ ْﱶ ِة �َﺪَ ِد اﳉﺎ ِﻟ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﻮب اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗَﺒﺎد ُِل اﻟ َﺒ َﻌ ِ‬‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ ْور �و� و �‬
‫�ﺎت اﻟﻐ َْﺮ ِب إﱃ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﺎﻧْ َﺘ َﻘ َﻞ لﻠ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ وﻟَﻬَ�ﺎﲥِ ﺎ اﻟﻌﺎ ِ ّﻣي� ِﺔ َﻛﺜﲑٌ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِق‪ ،‬و�َ ْﺮﲨ ِﺔ ُﻣ ْن َﺘ ِ‬‫�ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎ� ِﺔ‬‫�ﺎت ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺆون اﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿﺎﺳ ِﺔ و� ْﺟ ِتﲈعِ و ُﻣنْ َﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ا ٔ� ْورو ِﺑ ّ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ ُﺷ ِ‬ ‫دات الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ َﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫و ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم واﻟ ُﻔنﻮن‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۹‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻠّﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﺳﺎ ِﻣي� ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﰷلﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﻟ�ﱵ ا ْﻗ َ َﱰﺿَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌ �ﺪد َِت الﻠ � ُ‬
‫�ﲑ ﺳﺎ ِﻣي� ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﰷﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ واﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ و �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﺿﺎ ِﺑﻂٌ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ْ ِ‬ ‫واﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫ﻘيﻖ ٔأ ِ ّي الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ‪-‬اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ والﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﻘ َﱰ ِض ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ٔ -‬أ� ََﺬ ْت ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫َ ْﲢ ِ‬
‫�ﲑ ﺳﺎ ِﻣي� ٍﺔ )ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٍﺔ َﻣث ًَﻼ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ َﳜ ُﺮ ُج‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﺎٕذا َو َ� ْﺪ� َ ِﳇﻤ ًﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ �ُﺴﺎوي َ ِﳇﻤ ًﺔ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟ َﻌ ْﻜﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْﻣ ُﺮ ﻋﻦ ْاﺣ ِتﲈﻟَﲔِ ؛ ٕا �ﻣﺎ ٔأن َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ ٔأ� ََﺬﲥْ ﺎ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﲈﻻت‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎو ْت َ ِﳇﻤ ًﺔ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ ﺳﺎ ِﻣي� ٍﺔ )اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣث ًَﻼ( ﻓث َ �ﻤ َﺔ ْاﺣ ِت ٌ‬
‫‪ -‬وٕاذا َو َ� ْﺪ� َ ِﳇﻤ ًﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ َ‬
‫ﲈل‬‫�ﺣ ِت ُ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﺳﺎ ِﻣي� ُﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫ﻐﺘﺎن ﻗﺪ ٔأ َ� َﺬﲥْ ﲈ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ِّﻣﻬﲈ‪ ،‬و َ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن الﻠ � ِ‬‫ٕا �ﻣﺎ ٔأن َ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْﻗ َﺮب‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ ا ��ﺧﺮى ٔأو اﻟ َﻌ ْﻜﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ �‬
‫�ﻜﻮن اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﻗﺪ ٔأ َ� َﺬﲥْ ﺎ ِ‬
‫وٕا �ﻣﺎ ٔأن َ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻛ ْﯿﻔي� ِﺔ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘﻌﲈ ِﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻘيﻖ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆِ َ ِ‬‫وﳌ َ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ ذ� ﻻ ﺑُ �ﺪ ِﻣﻦ َ ْﲢ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‬‫ﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔأ َ �ﱒ اﳊُ َﺠ ِﺞ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُﻌ َﺘ َﻤﺪُ �ﻠﳱﺎ ﻟﻨَ ُنﺴ َﺐ ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺳﺎ�ِ ِﺮ ٔأﻟْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻼﻗﺎت ﺑيْﳯَ ﺎ و ْ َ‬
‫ﻟ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﰲ إ�ﺪى‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ٌ‬
‫ﻘﺎق‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا َ‬ ‫ٔ� ِ ّي ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ‪ْ � :‬ﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎق ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ��ﺧﺮى‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﺮﻓْنﺎ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ‬ ‫الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ﻣ َﻊ �َﺪَ ِم ذ� � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻮن(‪:‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ‪ ،‬و ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َد َ� َﻞ ِﻣﳯﺎ إﱃ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ��ﺧﺮى؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪َ ) :‬ﺣﻮارﯾ � َ‬ ‫ﯾُﻮ َ�ﺪُ � ﻓﳱﺎ ا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ٌ‬
‫ﻟﻮف ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎﻗُﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ )�ﺎر(؛ ٔ� �ن ٔأ ْﻗ َﺮ َب َﻣ ْﻌ ًﲎ‬ ‫�ﲑ َﻣأٔ ٍ‬ ‫َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﺑِﻨﺎ ُؤﻫﺎ ْ ُ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌﺎ �د ِة ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆِ )اﳊَﻮارﯾ ّ َِﲔ( ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮﺟﻮعُ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑَﻌﯿ ٌﺪ �‬
‫ﰻ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻌ ِﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْ ُﲑ واﳌ َ ْﴚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪-‬وﱔ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َد َ� َﻞ ِﻣﳯﺎ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ لﻠ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ -‬وﻫﻮ �‬

‫‪٤۰‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬

‫َﺮي‪:‬‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬‫ﲈت ا�� ﺧي ِ� ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ إ�ﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ا �ٕن ُﻣ َﻌﻈ َﻢ َ ِ‬
‫)و ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس ﻣﺎ ﻻ ُ ْﳛﴡ ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ٔأﻋ َْﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌﺮب(؛ وذ� �َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ إﱃ �ﻗﻮ ِة اﻟ َﻌﻼﻗ ِﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴبَ َﺐ ﰲ ٕا�ْﺸﺎ ِء َﻣﺪﯾﻨ ِﺔ ا ِﳊﲑ ِة ‪-‬وﱔ َ�ﻠَﻘ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﳼ؛ إذ ا �ٕن �‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ َﺒﲔِ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ و ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر ِّ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ �‬ ‫َْ‬
‫وﰷن ُﺳ �ﲀﳖُ ﺎ‬ ‫ﰷن ِﺣﲈﯾ َﺔ ُ�ﺪو ِد ﻓﺎ ِر َس ِﻣﻦ �ﺎر ِات اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِو‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺮب واﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس‪َ -‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎل ْ َ‬ ‫اﻻ ِﺗ ّ ِ‬
‫ﰟ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس‪َ ،‬‬
‫وﰷن اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُس‬ ‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﺣ َﳬَﻬﺎ اﳌَﻨﺎ ِذر ُة � ِ‬ ‫ْﻼط َﺷ� �ﱴ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﻛ َ ُﱶﱒ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ٔأ� ٍ‬
‫ﲈن ِ�ﻦ ا ْﻣ ِﺮئِ اﻟ َﻘيْ ِﺲ‬ ‫ﻌﺎن )ﲠَ ْﺮام ﮔـﻮر( �ﻟﻨ� ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮن �ﳌَﻨﺎ ِذر ِة ﰲ ُﺣﺮوﲠِ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ َ‬ ‫� َ ْﺴ� َﺘﻌ َ‬
‫ﻠﻮك اﳌَﻨﺎ ِذر ِة‪ -‬ﻻ ْﺳ� ِﺘﻌﺎد ِة ُﻣ ْﻠ ِﻜﻪ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َوﻓﺎ ِة ٔأﺑﯿﻪ‪َ ،‬ﲾﻬ َ�ﺰ � َ�يْﺸً ﺎ ا ْﻗتَ َﺤ َﻢ ﺑﻪ ٔأ ْر َض‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ َ� ِﺪ ُﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻮك اﳌَﻨﺎ ِذر ِة َﻣبﻠَﻐًﺎ َﻋﻈﳰًﺎ؛‬ ‫ﰷﴎ ِة ﲟ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺑَﻠَﻐ َْﺖ ِﺛﻘ ُﺔ ا�ٔ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر َس‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻔ ِﺰﻋﻮا ِﻣنﻪ و ٔأ ْذﻋَﻨﻮا �ﳢَ ْﺮا َم‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲈن ِ�ﻦ ا ْﻣ ِﺮئِ اﻟ َﻘيْ ِﺲ ﻟ َﯿنﺸَ أ� ﰲ ِر�ﺎﯾ ِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗَﺬ ُﻛ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑ َ َﻌ َﺚ )�ﺰدﺟﺮد( َو َ َ�ﻩ )ﲠَ ْﺮا َم( إﱃ اﻟﻨ� ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﰷن ﯾ َ ِﻨﻈ ُﻢ ﲠﺎ ا ِ ّﻟﺸ ْﻌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﰷن ُﳚﯿﺪُ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ‬ ‫اﳌَﺼﺎ ِد ُر ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َ‬
‫ﺮب واﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس؛ ِﻣﻦ ذ�‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﻼﻗﺎت ا ْﺟ ِتﲈﻋ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ْ َ‬
‫وا�ت اﻟﺘ�ﺎرﳜ �ﯿ ُﺔ �ﲆ ُوﺟﻮ ِد �َ ٍ‬ ‫وﺗَﺪُ �ل ّ ِاﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫وﰷن �َ ِﺪ �ي‬ ‫ﰷن ٔأ �و َل َﻣﻦ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ �ﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ دﯾﻮ ِان ِﻛ ْﴪى‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ٔأ �ن �َ ِﺪ �ي َ�ﻦ زﯾ ِﺪ ِ�ﻦ َ �ﲪﺎ ٍد َ‬
‫ُ�ﻦ زﯾ ٍﺪ ُﳚﯿﺪُ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ واﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮى ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن ﺗَأٔ ُﺛﲑ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫�ﲁ ﻣﺎ َﺳ� َﺒ َﻖ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﻧ َتي� ًﺔ ِّ‬
‫ﴫ اﳉﺎ ِﻫ ِ ّﲇ‬ ‫�� ْﻛ ِﺮ ٔأ �ن الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺪ�ﺮ ِّ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َ� ٌ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻼف‬ ‫يﺴﺖ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ َﺔ‪ ،‬و� ْﺧ ِت ُ‬ ‫ﴫ َﺻ ْﺪ ِر اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم ﱔ الﻠ �ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟ ِ‬ ‫و َﻋ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ﻟيﺲ ا ْﺧ ِتﻼﻓًﺎ � ً‬
‫َﺴﲑا‪.‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﲈت اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﻮ َ�ﺪُ ﰲ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ ٔآﯾﻀً ﺎ ﯾَت َ َنﺎزﻋُﻬﺎ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫وﳑ�ﺎ َﲡﺪُ ُر اﻻٕﺷﺎر ُة إﻟﯿﻪ ٔآ �ن َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ واﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻓﺪَ َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ُﺔ ﺗ ََﻮ �ﺳ َﻄ ْﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫ﲈﻻن‪ٕ :‬ا �ﻣﺎ ٔآن َ‬ ‫ْاﺣ ِت ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ُﺔ ٔآ �و ًﻻ ُ �ﰒ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬آو ﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬

‫‪٤۱‬‬
 ‫ﻘيﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫وﲝ ٍﺚ وﺗَ ْﻨ ٍ‬ ‫ﻘيﻖ َﻛﺒ ٍﲑ َ ْ‬‫ﺘﺎج إﱃ َ ْﲢ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ا ��ﺧﺮى‪ ،‬و ِﻣث ُﻞ ﻫﺬا َ ْﳛ ُ‬ ‫ﺘﻘ� ٕا ْ�ﺪاﻫﲈ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴ� � ً‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ�ﺎ ٌل ﰲ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ِﱶ ا ٔ� ْﺣﻮال‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر َس‪ِ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺼﻮرا �ﲆ اﳌَﻨﺎ ِﻃ ِﻖ اﻟ�ﱵ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ُﲡﺎ ِو ُر َﻣ ْﻤﻠﻜ َﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﳼ َﻣ ْﻘ ً‬ ‫�ﻜﻦ اﻟﺘ�أٔ ُﺛﲑ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫وﱂ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس نَ َﺰﻟﻮا اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ َﺔ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ‪�ِ ،‬ﴍ َ�ﻦ َ‬ ‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ ٔأ �ن َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜ �ﺎﺑ ُِﺖ ﰲ اﳌَﺼﺎ ِد ِر اﻟﺘ�ﺎرﳜ �ﯿ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫�س‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل اﳉﺎ ِﺣﻆُ‪ٔ ) :‬أ َﻻ �َﺮى ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﻫ َﻞ اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ِﺔ ﳌ�ﺎ نَ َﺰ َل ﻓﳱﻢ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ٔأ ْﻫ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫ٔأﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﻮن اﻟﺒ ِِّﻄﯿﺦَ ا ِﳋ ْ ِﺮ� َﺰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻔﺎﻇﻬﻢ‪ِ ،‬و�� � ُﺴ �ﻤ َ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس ﰲ ﻗَﺪ ِﱘ ا�� ْﻫ ِﺮ �َ ِﻠﻘﻮا ﺑأٔﻟْ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻄﺮ َﱋ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻮن ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻮص‪ :‬اﳌ َ ُﺰ َور‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤ َ‬‫ﻮن اﳌ َ ُﺼ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِﻤﯿﻂَ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ْزد ََق‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤ َ‬ ‫ﻮن �‬ ‫و� ُﺴ �ﻤ َ‬
‫ا �� ْﺷ َ ْ ﻧﱰ َﺞ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬و ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﻼ�ﺎت اﻻٕدار ِة‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ْ -‬اﺻ ِﻄ ُ‬
‫ْﻘﺎن‪َ :‬ﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ )دﻫﮕ�ﺎن( ٔأو )دﻩ �ﺎن(‪ ،‬و)دﻩ( ﻫﻮ ا ٕﻻ ْﻗﻠ ُﲓ ٔأو اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮﯾ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و)�ﺎن(‪،‬‬ ‫ا�� ﻫ ُ‬
‫ﺋيﺲ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺋيﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ َر ُ‬ ‫ٔأي‪َ :‬ر ٌ‬
‫اﻟﴚ ِء وا�� ا ِﻓﻊ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﲓ واﻟ ِﻮﻻﯾ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)�ن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ �‬ ‫�ن‪ُ :‬ﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )ﻣﺮز( ٔأي‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫اﳌ َ ْﺮ ُز ُ‬
‫ﻮن اﳌﲓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ اﳌُﻘ �ﺪ ُم‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻫ ُﻞ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ﯾَﻀ �ﻤ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫ﳼ‪) :‬ﻓﺮﺳﮓ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰞ‪ :‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ دﯾني� ٌﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ ٔأﻟْ ٌ‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٔأ ِ�ﻦ‪) :‬ﻧﲑ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪�َ :‬ﺪﯾ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬و)روز(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﳖَ ٌﺎر؛ َﳁ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫)اﻟﻨ� ْﲑ ُوز(‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �‬
‫)ﻧ َْﲑوز(‪ :‬ا�ﳯ� ُﺎر اﳉَﺪﯾﺪُ ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ �و ُل اﻟ �ﺴ�ﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﳋﺎﺻ ُﺔ �ﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ ٔأو اﳌ َ ْ�ﻠﻮﺑ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﻋ ْﻨ ِﺪﱒ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬وا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ُء �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭼـﻮﮔﺎن(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﻟ ُﻌﻮ ُد اﳌ ُ َﻌﻮ ّج‪.‬‬ ‫ﳉﺎن‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُ‬‫�‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻨ ُﺞ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﭼ�ﻨﮓ‪ ،‬وﱔ آ آ ٌ� �‬
‫لﻠﻄ َﺮ ِب والﻠ�ﻬْﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫‪٤۲‬‬
 ‫ﳼ‪ :‬ﮔﺎوﻣيﺶ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )ﮔﺎو(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ َﻘﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻣﻮس‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ ْﺳﲈ ُء ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ اﻟن�ﺴﺎﺋِﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺒﺎج‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ ُ� ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،depak :‬وﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪ :‬دﯾﺒﺎﻩ ٔأو دﯾﺒﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ّ ِا� ُ‬
‫اﳊَﺮ�ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ‪ :‬ا ْﺳ� َﺘ َ ْﱪﻩ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ� :‬ﺴ�ﯿ� ٌﺔ َ�ﯿﻨ ٌﺔ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ �أﻃ ِﻠ َﻘ ْﺖ �ﲆ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ‬ ‫ا ٕﻻ ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪ ُق‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫اﻟﻐَﻠﯿﻆ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ‪� :‬ﻟﺸﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ا�ٔ ْﻛ ِﺴ�ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻠﺴﺎن‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ ُ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫ا �ﻟﻄ ْﯿ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺎﺋِﺪ ٌة‪:‬‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و�َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ ذ�‬ ‫ا ْﻋ َﺘﲎ اﻟ ُﻘﺪاﱉ ﲟﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻛ َ َﱶ ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ ا ْﻋ َﺘﻨَﻮا ﲟﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺒﺎب ﺛَﻼﺛﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ٔ� ْﺳ� ٍ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ و ِﻗ � ِ� ﻣﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻟ َﻜ ْﱶ ِة ﻣﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻼف ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ثﲑ ِﻣﳯﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﲞ ِ‬ ‫‪� �ٔ -٢‬ن اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ﰷﻧ َﺖ َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ًﺔ �ى اﻟ َﻜ ِ‬
‫ْﻼل ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ُﺮوف اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻣ َﻊ �َﺪَ ِم ا ٕﻻ� ِ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ٔأن �ُﻜتَ َﺐ �ﳊ ِ‬ ‫‪� �ٔ -٣‬ن ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼف ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮﺿﻊ ٍ ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﻮ ِاﺿﻊِ‪ِ ،‬ﲞ ِ‬ ‫َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺮون ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وٕاذا َذ َﻛﺮوا َ ِﳇﻤ ًﺔ‬ ‫ِ�ا �َﺮى اﻟ ُﻘﺪاﱉ إذا َذ َﻛﺮوا َ ِﳇﻤ ًﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﯾَﺬ ُﻛ َ‬
‫ون �ﲆ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل � َﻜ ْﻮﳖِ ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯿﺎن ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﻘتَ ِﴫ َ‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ﱂ ﯾ َ َﺘ �ﻌﺮﺿﻮا ﻟ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫�اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ ٔأو ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻫﲈ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤۳‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﻣﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ�ﺎت َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻬﺎ ﻟَﻬ ٌ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ُﺔ إ�ﺪى الﻠ � ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪،‬‬‫ادي �‬ ‫ﻨﻮن ُﺳﻬﻮ َل ُﺳﻮرﯾ َﺔ وﺑَﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻮن ﰷﻧﻮا ﯾ َ ْﻘ ُﻄ َ‬ ‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وا�ٓراﻣي� َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﺑِﺌ ِﺔ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫وآٓراﻣي� ُﺔ �‬
‫ﻮن ﻟيﺲ َﻋﻈ َﲓ اﳋ ََﻄ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ �ٕن الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� َﺔ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﳼ �ا�ي ﻟَ ِﻌ َﺒﻪ ا�ٓراﻣي� َ‬ ‫ﰷن ا�� ْو ُر اﻟ ِ ّﺴ� �‬ ‫وٕاذا َ‬
‫ﺸﺎرا و ِاﺳ ًﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﴩ ِت اﻧْ ِت ً‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم؛ ُ‬
‫ﺣيﺚ اﻧْت َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺒﲑا ﰲ ِﻣنْ َﻄﻘ ِﺔ اﳉَﺰ�ﺮ ِة اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ و �‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻟَ ِﻌ َﺒ ْﺖ د َْو ًرا َﻛ ً‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ َﻣنﺎ ِﻃ ِﻖ اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺤ ْﺖ ﻟُﻐ َﺔ اﻟ ِﺘّ�ﺎر ِة‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ا�ﳯ� ْ َﺮ ِ�ﻦ و ِ‬ ‫ﻄﲔ و ْ َ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺑِﻼ ِد ﺳﻮرﯾ � َﺔ و ِﻓﻠَ ْﺴ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ و ٔأ ْﻛ َ ِﱶﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫اﻟﺴبَ ُﺐ ﰲ اﻧْ ِتﺸﺎ ِرﻫﺎ إﱃ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﻬ َِﻞ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫واﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿﺎﺳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ �‬
‫ُﻣﺮوﻧ ًﺔ و ُﻣﻼ َءﻣ ًﺔ لﻠ َﺤﯿﺎ ِة اﳊَﻀﺎرﯾ � ِﺔ واﻟ ِﻌﻠْﻤ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺎز َﺟﺰ�ﺮ َة‬ ‫ﺮون ﻣ َﻊ ا�ٓراﻣيّ َِﲔ ﰲ ِد َﻣ ْﺸ َﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗَﻮا ِﻓ ُﻞ ا�ٓراﻣيّ َِﲔ ﰷﻧ َﺖ َ ْﲡ ُ‬ ‫وﰷن ُ �ﲡ ُﺎر َﻣﻜ� َﺔ ﯾَﺘ� ِﺠ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺪ�ﻦ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﻟﻨ� ْﴫاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ ِ� ٍﺔ إﱃ �آﺧﺮى‪ ،‬وﰷﻧ َِﺖ ا�ٓراﻣي� ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ ٔآ َ ِّﱒ ﻟُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وﰷﻧ َﺖ الﻠﻐﺔ ا�ﯾنيﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ا�ﳱﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻮر ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠﻔ ٍﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ�ﱵ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ إ�ﳱﺎ ﰲ ُﻋ ٍ‬ ‫ﻻف ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ َﻣﺪﯾﻨ ٌﺔ لﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ ﺑآ آ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻮن �ﻟ ِﻔﻼ� ِﺔ‬ ‫�ﺎت ّ ِاﻟﺰرا� ِﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻂِ �ا��ﻦ ﰷﻧﻮا ﯾَﻌ َﻤ َ‬ ‫ﺮب ُﻣ َﻌﻈ َﻢ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ٔأ َ� َﺬ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﲈت اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ و �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫�ﲆ �ﺎﻓَ ِﺔ اﳉَﺰ�ﺮ ِة‪ ،‬وﰷﻧ َِﺖ ا�ٓراﻣي� ُﺔ ﻟُﻐ ًﺔ َوﺳ�ﯿﻄ ًﺔ ْ َ‬
‫ﻔﺎﻇﺎ َﻛﺜﲑ ًة ﰲ‬ ‫�ن ٔأﻟْ ً‬
‫اﻟﴪ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﺑِﺌ ِﺔ واﻟﻨ� َﺒﻂِ و � ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ �‬ ‫ﺮب ِ‬ ‫َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ٔأ َ� َﺬ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﯿﺪ ِ� وا ِﳊﯿﺎﻛ ِﺔ‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّﺐ و �‬ ‫اﻟ ِﺘّ�ﺎر ِة و ِﺳ�ﺒﺎﻛ ِﺔ اﳌَﻌﺎ ِد ِن و ِّ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �آ ِ� َﺬ ْت ِﻣﻦ ﻟَﻬْ� ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﻟَﻬ ِ‬
‫َ�ﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﲈت ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ؛ ْ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫وﲣﺘ ِﻠ ُﻒ َﻣنﺎ ِﺑ ُﻊ َ ِ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ا�ﳱَ ﻮدﯾ � ِﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬آو ﻟَﻬْ� ِﺔ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ َﻣآٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ﻋﻦ َﻃﻮاﺋِ َﻒ َﺻﻐﲑ ٍة‬
‫َ�ﺎت ٔآ ْﻣ ٌﺮ َﺻ ْﻌ ٌﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺗ� الﻠ�ﻬ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﲢﻘ ُيﻖ َﻣﺼﺪَ ِر َ ِ‬ ‫ﰷﳌ َ ْﻨﺪاﺋِ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫َ�ﺎت‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎن اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ الﻠ�ﻬ ِ‬ ‫ﴫ اﳉﺎ ِﻫ ِ ّﲇ و ٔأ �و ِل َز ِ‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﻗتَبَ َﺴ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻓﲀن ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﳼ َ‬ ‫ﴫ اﻟ َﻌ �ﺒ ِّ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻗ ِت ُ‬

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 ‫ﲈت ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬
‫ﴫ اﻟﻌ �ﺒ ِّ‬
‫ﺎﳼ‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬‫‪ -‬و ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫ﺒﺎ�ت اﻟ�ﱵ ﻻ ﺗَﻨبُ ُﺖ ﰲ اﳉَﺰ�ﺮ ِة اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ �اﻟﺮ �ﻣ ِﺎن‪ ،‬واﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻜ ْﱪ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ُء اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫واﳌ َ ْﺮ�ﺎن‪.‬‬
‫ﻻت‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ اﻟﺒﺎ ِب واﻟ ُﻘ ْﻔ ِﻞ و �اﻟﺰ�ﺎجِ واﻟ ِﻜ ِيﺲ واﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻒ‬ ‫ٔآ ْﺳﲈ ُء َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ ٔآ ْﺟﺰا ِء اﻟ َﺒيْ ِﺖ وا� آ ِ‬
‫و َ‬
‫اﳋﺎﰎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮق‪.‬‬‫ﻄﺎن‪ ،‬وا ٔ� �ﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎﻟَ ِﻢ‪ ،‬واﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ِ‬ ‫ﲈ�‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ �‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾ َ َﺘﻌﻠ � ُﻖ �ٕدار ِة اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ واﻟ ِﻘﺮاء ِة واﻟﺘ� ْﺪر ِ�ﺲ‬
‫ﺮب ٔآ�َﺬوا اﳋَﻂ� ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣيّ َِﲔ ﻓﺎ �ٕن ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫و ٔ� �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬
‫ﺘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻗَﺮ �آ‪ ،‬وﻧ ُ ْﻘﻄ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﺻﻮر ٍة‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺴﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ�ﱵ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ لﻠ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻛ ٍ‬
‫و ِﺗﻠْﻤﯿﺬ‪.‬‬
‫وﺻ ٍ‬
‫ﻠﯿﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻼك‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎن‪ ،‬و َﻣ ٍ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ّ ِا�ﯾني� ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪َ :‬ر ْﲪ ٍﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗَي�ﻮ ٍم‪ ،‬و َﺳﻜيﻨ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓُ ْﺮ ٍ‬ ‫َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫و�ب‪ ،‬و َﻛ َﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ْﺪﯾﻖ‪ ،‬و َد ��ﺎلٍ ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ِوزﻧ ٍ‬
‫ﻮﺳﻂِ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ �آﺧﺮى‪ِ ،‬ﻣثﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲈت ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﺑ َﺘ �‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬و ُ‬
‫و� � َﲌ‪َ :‬د َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻮ ِاﺳﻄ ِﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮت‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫�وس‪ ،‬و�ﺑُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗُﺪ ٍ‬
‫ﻮﺳﻂِ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲈت ا�ﳱَ ﻮدﯾ � ِﺔ ّ ِا�ﯾني ِﺔ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑ َﺘ �‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫�ﲑ ٔآﻧ �ﻪ َﻣ ْﺸﻜﻮكٌ ﰲ ٔآ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ٔآﱔ ِ� ْﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ و َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ ا�ٓراﻣي� َﺔ‬ ‫ﻼك و َﺳﻜيﻨ ٍﺔ و ٔآ �ﻣ ٍﺔ‪َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ٍ‬
‫ٔأم اﻟ َﻌ ْﻜﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬و ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺤﻨﺎةُ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ إدا ٌم ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯿﲀت اﳌ َ ْﻤﻠﻮ� ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ِﻣﳯﺎ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُﲑ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ �‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫ﻤﻮن ﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ َم ﯾ َ َﺘﳫ� َ‬
‫ﴎ� �ﱐ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب؛ ٔ� �ن �‬ ‫اﻟ �ﺴ َﻤ ِﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ ْ‬

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‫اﻟﱪَﺴﺎ ِء ﻫﻮ؟ ٔأي‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ ٔأ ِ ّي اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس ﻫﻮ؟ و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‬‫ﻘﺎل‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ ٔأ ِ ّي َ ْ �‬ ‫اﻟﱪَﺴﺎ ُء‪ :‬اﳋَﻠْ ُﻖ واﻟﻨ� ُﺎس‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ�‬
‫�ﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬ﺮ�ﺷﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﲎ )�ﺮ(‪ُ :‬‬
‫��ﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎن‪ ،‬و َﺣﻘيﻘ ُﺔ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ﲠﺎ � ْ‬ ‫�ﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ا ُ�ﻦ ا ٕﻻ� ْ ِ‬
‫و)�ﺷﺎ(‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ� ْ ُ‬
‫ﺴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻌ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫�ﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )�ﻃﻮرا(‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ َﺠ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� � ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻮر‪ :‬ﻫﻮ �ﺎ ِﻓﻆُ اﻟﻨ�� ِْﻞ و �‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫اﻟﻈﺎ َء ﻃﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﲳ ِﻌ �ﻲ‪ :‬ﻫ َُﻮ اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫ﺎﻇﻮر‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� َﺒﻂُ ْﲡ َﻌ ُﻞ �‬ ‫)ﻧ ََﻄﺮ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ َﺣﻆَ وراﻗَ َﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗَﺎ َل ْ �ا� ْ َ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊَﺒ‪‬ﺸﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱶ ﻣﺎ َد َ� َﻞ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫�ﺎل‬ ‫اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ُﺔ إ�ﺪى الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت �‬
‫ﯾﲏ‪ِ ،‬ﻣثﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ّ ِا� ِ ّ‬
‫ﻮن(‪ْ َ :‬ﲨ ُﻊ‪ٔ ، hàwwaryà :‬أي‪� :‬اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫) َﺣﻮارﯾ � َ‬
‫�ﻓَﻖ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ ‪ٔ ،nàfaka‬أي‪َ :‬ﺷ �ﻚ وداﻫَﻦ‪.‬‬
‫نﱪ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ٔ ،manbar :‬أي‪ :‬اﳌَﻘ َﻌﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣ َ ٌ‬
‫اب‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ٔ ،mehràm :‬أي‪ :‬اﳌَﻌ َﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ِﻣ ْﺤﺮ ٌ‬
‫ُﻣﺼ َﺤ ٌﻒ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ٔ ،mashaf :‬أي‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬
‫تﺎب‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ‪ٔ ،sahafa :‬أي‪َ :‬ﻛ َﺘﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤۷‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ن ﺑ َ ْﺪ ًءا‬
‫ﺮب و ُ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْورو ِﺑ ّ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ْاﺣتَ �ﻚ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ �أ ْﴎ ِة الﻠ � ِ‬
‫دات اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ‬ ‫تﻮ�ﺎت اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻜنْﺪَ ِر‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ُ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ ٔأوا ِﺧ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن �اﻟﺮا ِﺑﻊ ِ ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﳌﯿﻼ ِد ا �ٕ� َن ﻓُ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻼل �اﻟﺮو ِ‬ ‫�ﺣ ِت ِ‬ ‫َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﰲ ﺗ� اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ِ� ﻻ �َﲀ ُد ﺗُﺬ َﻛ ُﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ُ� اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَﺒﺪَ �أ ْ‬
‫ﻄﲔ و ِﻗ ْﺴ ًﻤﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق‪ ،‬وﺗَنْﳤَ يﻲ ﺑﻔتﺢ‬ ‫ﴫ َﺳ�ﻨَ َﺔ ‪ ٣٠‬ق‪.‬م وﺳﻮرﯾ � َﺔ و ِﻓﻠَ ْﺴ َ‬ ‫)اﻟﺮوم( ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫�‬
‫وﻗﺪ �َﺸَ أٔ ْت ﰲ ﺗ�‬ ‫ﺒﲑا‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ َﻛ ً‬ ‫�ﺣ ِتﲀكُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﰷن ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺮب ِﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﳌَﻨﺎ ِﻃ ِﻖ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫وﲻﺮاﻧ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‬‫ﻼﻗﺎت ِﺳ�ﯿﺎﺳ� �ﯿ ٍﺔ ُ ْ‬‫ذات �َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﺴ َﺎن‪ ،‬وﰷﻧ َﺖ َ‬ ‫اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ِ� إﻣﺎر ٌة َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﱔ إﻣﺎر ُة ﺑَﲏ �‬
‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ َﲨﯿﻊ ِ ٔأ ْﳓﺎ ِء اﳉَﺰ�ﺮ ِة ﳌ َ ْﺪحِ �أ َﻣﺮاﲛِ ﺎ ٔأو‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗَ َﺼﺪَ ﻫﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﲒْﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َﻣتﯿﻨ ٍﺔ ﻣ َﻊ ا�� ْو ِ� َﻧ‬
‫اﻟﱰ ِف‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﰷﻧﻮا‬ ‫ﺒﺎب اﳊَﻀﺎر ِة و � َ‬ ‫لﻠﺴ ْﻜﲎ‪ ،‬و ٔأ�َﺬوا ﻣﺎ ﰷﻧﻮا �َ َﺮ ْوﻧ َﻪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳ� ِ‬ ‫لﻠ ِﺘّ�ﺎر ِة ٔأو �‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ َﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻌﻮن ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫� َﺴ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﻌﺎرﲥْ ﺎ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻗَﻠﯿ ٌ� إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗ َيﺴ ْﺖ ﲟﺎ ٔأ َ� َﺬﺗْﻪ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫دات اﻟ�ﱵ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ َ‬ ‫ا �ٕن اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺳﻂِ‬ ‫ﲈت اﻟ�ﱵ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﺑ َﺘ �‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱶ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن‬ ‫ﲈت‪ :‬إﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ ﯾ َ ِﺼ �ﺢ ٔأن ﯾُﻘﺎ َل ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫�ْ‬
‫�ﱐ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﴎ� �ﱐ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ٔأن ﯾُﻘﺎ َل‪ :‬ا �ٕن ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ � ْ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ ُ ْ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫دات اﻟ�ﱵ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٕاﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬و ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫ا ْٕز ِﻣي ٌﻞ )‪ ،(smill-ee‬وﻫﻮ ا ِﳌ ْﻄ َﺮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ٕا ْﻗﻠﯿ ٌﺪ )‪ ،(kleidi-on‬وﻫﻮ ا ِﳌ ْﻔتﺎح‪.‬‬
‫ِد ْر َ ٌﱒ )‪.(Drakhm-èe‬‬
‫د �ُﰷ ٌن )‪ُ ،(Dokhei-on‬ﻣ َﻔﺮ ُد ا�� ﰷﻛﲔِ ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳊﺎﻧﻮت‪.‬‬

‫‪٤۸‬‬
 ‫ِﻃﻠ � ْﺴ ٌﻢ )‪ ،(Tèlesma‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ ُﻃ َ‬
‫ﻘﻮس اﻟ ِﻌﺒﺎد ِة‪ ،‬و ُاﻟﻮ َ‬
‫ﻗﻮف �ﲆ ا ٔ� ْﴎ ِار‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻘيﺎ َم ﺑأٔ ْﻋﲈلٍ‬
‫ِْ‬
‫ﲮﺮﯾ � ٍﺔ ِ ّ ِ‬
‫ﴎﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺎس )‪.(Khàrtees‬‬ ‫ِﻗ ْﺮ ٌ‬
‫ﻗُ ْﻔ ٌﻞ )‪.(Kloustr-on‬‬
‫ُﻛﻮر ٌة‪.(<dir=RTL ،‬‬
‫�أ ْﺳﻄﻮر ٌة )‪.(Histori-a‬‬
‫ٕا ْﻛﺴﲑٌ )‪.(Kseeri-on‬‬
‫ِد َﻣ ْﻘ ٌﺲ )‪ ،(Mètaksa‬وﻫﻮ اﳊَﺮ�ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ُﺳ� ْﻨ ٌ‬
‫ﺪس )‪ ،(Syndyks‬وﻫﻮ اﳊَﺮ ُ�ﺮ �اﻟﺮﻗيﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓُنْ ٌ‬
‫ﺪق )‪.(Pontokhei-on‬‬
‫ﻗَ ْﺼ ٌ‬
‫ﺪ�ﺮ )‪.(Kassiter-on‬‬
‫ﻮب )‪.(Kyb-os‬‬‫ُﻛ ٌ‬
‫�ﳰﯿﺎ ٌء )‪.(Khym-os‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَ ْﻨبيﻪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻗيّ َِﲔ ‪-‬ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻜنْﺪَ ِر‪ -‬ﻟﺴﻮرﯾ � َﺔ‪ ،‬ﰷﻧ َِﺖ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﱔ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ٔأﺛْﻨﺎ ِء ُﺣ ْ ِﲂ �‬
‫�اﻟﺮ ْﲰ �ﯿ َﺔ �ﻟ� ْو ِ�‪ ،‬وﰲ ٔأﺛْﻨﺎ ِء اﳊ ْ ُِﲂ �اﻟﺮ ِ ّ‬
‫وﻣﺎﱐ ٔأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺤ ِﺖ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ُﺔ ﱔ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ �اﻟﺮ ْﲰ �ﯿ َﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎن �ﺪ�ا‪ ،‬ﺑ َ ْﯿﺪَ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس‪ ،‬والﻠ�ﻐ ِ‬
‫َﺘﺎن ُﻣ ْت ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎر ِ‬ ‫�ﺎﻃ ِﺐ ْ َ‬‫�ﻟ� ْو ِ�‪ ،‬وﺑَﻘ َي ِﺖ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﻟُﻐ َﺔ اﻟﺘ� ُ‬
‫ٔأ �ن ﺗَأٔ َﺛﲑ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮى؛ إذ ﰷﻧ َِﺖ اﳊَﻀﺎر ُة �اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ َورﯾﺜ َﺔ َﺣﻀﺎر ِة ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ن‬
‫�ﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ‬ ‫"اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ" � َﺸ َﻤ ُﻞ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ‪َ ْ ،‬‬
‫ﺮب ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ �‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وٕا ُ‬
‫ﻃﻼق الﻠ � َﻐﻮﯾ ّ َِﲔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﰷن‬ ‫�ﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َ‬ ‫ﺮي‪) :‬واﳌُﺮا ُد �‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟﺒ ﻧﲒْﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻛ َ َﱶ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿﺦُ ﻃﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ اﳉَﺰا�ِ �‬
‫‪٤۹‬‬
‫ﰷن َﻣ َﻘ �ﺮ ُﻣ ْﻠ ِﻜﻬﻢ ﰲ روﻣي� َﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﲔ َ‬ ‫ﰷن ِﻣﳯﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻮن ﲠﺎ ﻻ ﻓَ ْﺮ َق ﰲ ذ� ْ َ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮو ُم ﯾ َ َﺘﳫ� َ‬
‫ﰷن ِﻣﳯﺎ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ٔأن ﻧ ُ ِﻘ َﻞ ِﻣﳯﺎ إﱃ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺴ َﻄ ْﻨﻄﯿني�ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫وَْ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ �‬
‫روﱊ ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِﻟﻬﻢ‪ٕ :‬اﻧ �ﻪ ﻟُﻐ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﺮب إﱃ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ُﺸﲑ الﻠ � َﻐﻮﯾ � َ‬
‫يﺎن � ُ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا ٔ� ْﺣ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم ٔأو ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣي�ﺔ؛ ﻛ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل ا ِ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪) :‬وا�� را ِﻗ ُﻦ‪ :‬اﳋَﻮخُ ‪ ،‬ﻟُ َﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺣ َﺴ�ﳢُ ﺎ‬
‫ﺮب �‬ ‫َﻋ ِ‬
‫ُروﻣي� ًﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫‪٥۰‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫دات �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ُﺔ إﱃ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﺼﻮر ٍة ُﻣ ِ‬
‫بﺎﴍ ٍة‪ ،‬و َد َ�ﻠَ ْﳤﺎ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ‬ ‫َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺪور ﺣﻮ َل‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ُورﺑ�ﲈ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱶ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫دات �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫�ْ‬
‫َﻣ�ﺎﻟَﲔِ ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎل ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ � ِﺻ ٌ� �ﻟ ِﺘّ�ﺎر ِة؛ ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء اﳌَﻮاز ِ�ﻦ واﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﲀﯾﯿﻞ واﻟﻨ�ﻘﻮ ِد‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ُ‬
‫ِﳁﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﳌَﻮاز ِ�ﻦ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ْﻃ ُﻞ )‪ (libra‬وا ٔ�وﻗي� ُﺔ )‪ ،(Uncia‬واﻟﻘﲑ ُاط )‪،(Keration‬‬
‫ﻄﺎر )‪.(Quintatius‬‬ ‫واﻟ ِﻘنْ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬و ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟ َﻜ ْي ِﻞ‪:‬‬
‫اﳌ ُ �ﺪ )‪ٔ (Modius‬أو )‪ (Modium‬واﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴﻂُ )‪ ،(Custus‬واﻟ َﻘنْ َﻘ ُﻞ )‪،(Concalta‬‬
‫و�ﺎء ﰲ ِﺷ ْﻌ ِﺮ ُر ْؤﺑ َﺔ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ َﺟ ِﺰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲶ ٌﻢ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣ ْﻜيﺎ ٌل َ ْ‬
‫ﻣﺎ � ﻻ َ ْﲡ ُﺮﻓُﻬﺎ �ﻟ َﻘ ْن َﻘ ِﻞ‬
‫اﻟﳬأٔ ِة إن ﱂ ﺗَﻔ َﻌ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ � ْ ََﲑ ﰲ َ ْ‬
‫‪ -‬و ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟﻨ�ﻘﻮ ِد‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻨﺎر )‪ ،(Denarius‬واﻟ َﻔﻠْ ُﺲ )‪.(Pollis‬‬ ‫ّ ِا� ُ‬
‫ﻃﺎس )‪،(Cartis‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِّﻚ )‪ ،(Saceus‬واﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﲈت �أﺧﺮى ﺗَ َﺘﻌﻠ � ُﻖ �ﻟ ِﺘّ�ﺎر ِة‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪� :‬‬ ‫وﳇ ٌ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ� َﻞ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫�ﺎل اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾ َ َﺘﻌﻠ � ُﻖ �ٕدار ِة اﻟﺒِﻼ ِد وِﻧﻈﺎ ِﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وا�� ﻻ ِ� �ﲆ ِﻧﻈﺎ ِم اﳉَيْ ِﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ُ‬
‫ﺮب ﲠﺎ َﻣ ْﻌﺮﻓ ٌﺔ؛ ِﳁﳯﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫واﳊ َْﺮ ِب و ٔأ َدواﲥِ ﺎ اﻟ�ﱵ ﱂ � ُﻜ ْﻦ لﻠ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺜﲑا ﰲ ٔأ ْﺷ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎر ﻣﺎ ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم وﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َو َرد َْت َﻛ ً‬
‫ﴫ )‪ْ ،(Caesar‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ ْي َ ُ‬

‫‪٥۱‬‬
 ‫اﻟﴩ ُﯾﻒ اﳊ �ُﺮ‪ ،‬و ٔأ َ�ﺪُ ا ٔ�ﻋْﯿﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒ ِْﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ )‪ ،(Patricius‬وﻫﻮ �‬
‫ﴫ اﳌ َ ِ�‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻼط )‪ (Palatium‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑ َ ُﻊ ٔأو اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ� �ﻞ )‪ ،(Sigillium‬وﻫﻮ �‬
‫ﻫﺬ�ﻦ اﳌَ�ﺎﻟَﲔِ إﱃ ٔأﳖ� ﲈ ﰷ� اﳌَ�ﺎﻟَﲔِ َاﻟﻮﺣيﺪَ ِ�ﻦ �اﻟ� ِ�ﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﺎن ﰲ ِ‬ ‫�ﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب �‬ ‫و�َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ ﺗَأٔ� ُ�ﺮ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺮب ِﺻ ٌ� َوﺛﯿﻘ ٌﺔ ﲠﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰷن لﻠ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ �أﺧﺮى‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ� َ ِﺲ )‪ ،(Conus‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﻘ �ﺪ ُم �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِس‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﺠ ْﻨ َ� ِﻞ‬ ‫وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ٔأﻟْ ٌ‬
‫)‪ (Speculum‬وﻫﻮ ا ِﳌ ْﺮآٓة‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ا ْﻣ ُﺮ ُؤ اﻟ َﻘيْ ِﺲ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮ ِﯾﻞ‪:‬‬
‫�ﲑ ُﻣﻔﺎﺿ ٍﺔ * �َﺮا�ِﳢُ ﺎ َﻣ ْﺼﻘﻮ ٌ� �‬
‫ﰷﻟﺴ َﺠ ْﻨ َ� ِﻞ‬ ‫ُﻣﻬَ ْﻔﻬَﻔ ٌﺔ ﺑ َ ْﯿﻀﺎ ُء ْ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺑﻮن )‪.(Sapo‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬‫و �‬
‫وا ِﳌ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﻞ )‪.(Mantele‬‬
‫واﻟ ِﻘ ْن ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﻞ )‪.(candela‬‬
‫وا ِﳌ ِ‬
‫ﯿﻞ )‪.(Milia‬‬
‫ﻐﻮي‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ِ ُ‬
‫ﺎﰢ ﻗ ْب َﻞ ا ٔ�وان‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮق )‪ ،(Praecoquus‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ الﻠ � �‬ ‫و َْ‬
‫اﻟﱪ ِ‬

‫‪٥۲‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬

‫ﰷن ُﻣ َﻌﻈ ُﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ َ‬
‫ﻣﺎ َد َ� َﻞ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﺗ �َﻮﺳﻂٍ‪:‬‬‫ﲈت اﻟ�ﱵ َﻋ َﺮﻓَ ْﺖ َﻃﺮﯾ َﻘﻬﺎ إﱃ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﯿﺎب ُﲡﻠَ ُﺐ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ� ْﻨ ِﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة‬ ‫ﺬﯾﺐ‪) :‬ﻗﺎ َل الﻠ � ْﯿ ُﺚ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻔ َﻮ ُط‪ِ :‬ﺛ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻔ َﻮ ُط‪� :‬ﺎ َء ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻃﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ‪) :‬اﳋَ َﺸ�ﺒ ُﺔ اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة اﳌ ُ َﴩ َﺟﻌ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ َﺮﺑ�ﻌ ُﺔ ﻛﲈ ُ� ِﻠ َﺒ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ� ُﺔ‪� :‬ﺎ َء ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎج(‪.‬‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ �‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ُوز �ط‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﺟي ٌﻞ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗ َُنﺴ ُﺐ إ�ﳱﻢ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬
‫ﯿﺎب �اﻟﺰ ّ ِﻃ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ‪) :‬ﻗﺎ َل الﻠ � ْﯿ ُﺚ‪ :‬ا�ﳢَ َﻂ� ِﺳ� ْﻨﺪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬ ‫وﲠَ َ �ﻄ ٌﺔ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ َﻃﻌﺎ ٌم ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﻃﻌﻤ ِﺔ؛ َ‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﲠَ َ �ﻄ ٌﺔ َﻃ ّﯿِﺒﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ا �� ُر �ز ﯾُﻄ َﺒﺦُ �لﻠ � َ ِﱭ و �‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻤ ِﻦ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎ ٍء‪ ،‬و َﻋ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫َ ��‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒﻎ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥۳‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﱪﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬

‫اﰟ ﺑَيْ ِﺖ اﳌَﻘ ِﺪ ِس‪-‬؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬‫ﳑ�ﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ :‬ا ْٕﺳﲈﻋﯿ ُﻞ‪ ،‬وﻣﻮﳻ‪ ،‬و ٔأور�ﺸَ َ ُﲅ ‪-‬وﻫﻮ ْ ُ‬
‫ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫ﲈن ِﲿ ْﻤ َﺺ ﻓأٔوري َﺷ َ ْﲅ‬
‫لﻠﲈل آٓﻓﺎﻗَ ُﻪ * ُﻋ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُﻃ ْﻔ ُﺖ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻟﺴﲔِ ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﲎ ٔأور�ْﺸَ َ َﲅ �ﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ُﺖ �‬
‫و�ُ ْﺮوى ِ ّ‬

‫‪٥٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ‪‬ﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ�ﱵ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ‬ ‫ﺜﲑا ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ � �� َﻣ ِﻢ اﳌُ�ﺎ ِور ِة وا ْﻗتَبَﺴﻮا ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐﺎﲥِ ﺎ َﻛ ً‬ ‫اﺗ َ�ﺼ َﻞ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫تﻮ�ﺎت‬ ‫�ﺎء اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ُم وا� � َﺴ َﻌ ْﺖ َﺣ َﺮﻛ ُﺔ اﻟ ُﻔ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﳌ�ﺎ َ‬ ‫ﯿﺢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬و�ُﺪ ْ�ت ِﻣﻦ َﲱ ِ‬ ‫ال ِﻠ ّ َ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻻٕدار ِة واﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿﺎﺳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻗتَبَﺴﻮا َ‬ ‫ﻤﻮن إﱃ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ْاﺣتَ َﺎج اﳌ ُ ْﺴ ِﻠ َ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ �أﺧﺮى ﻟ َﺘ َﻔﻲ �ﻟﻐ ََﺮ ِض‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ا�� ْو ِ�‬ ‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ ّ :‬ا�ﯾﻮ ِان‪ ،‬و َاﻟﱪﯾ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وﺗ ََﻮ �ﺳﻌﻮا ﰲ دَﻻ ِ� ٔأﻟْ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﴩﻃﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫و �ْ‬
‫�ﺎ� ُ�ﻦ �َﺰﯾﺪَ ِ�ﻦ ُﻣﻌﺎ ِوﯾ َﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬ﻓﱰ َﺟ َﻢ‬ ‫ﴫ ﺑَﲏ ٔأ َﻣي� َﺔ؛ ٕا ْذ ﺑَﺪَ �أﻫﺎ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ ﰲ َﻋ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺑَﺪَ �أ ْت َﺣ َﺮﻛ ُﺔ � ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫�ﺎ� ُ�ﻦ �َﺰﯾﺪَ ِ�ﻦ ُﻣﻌﺎ ِوﯾ َﺔ‬ ‫)ﰷن ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّﺐ واﻟﻜﳰﯿﺎ ِء إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺪ ِﱘ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ُﻛ ُﺘ ًﺒﺎ ﰲ ِّ‬
‫ﺑﺒﺎ�‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺿ ًﻼ ﰲ ﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ‪ ،‬و� ِﳘ� ٌﺔ و َﻣﺤ �ﺒ ٌﺔ لﻠ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم‪ ،‬ﺧ ََﻄ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﰷن ِ‬ ‫وان‪َ ،‬‬ ‫� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ َﺣﻜ َﲓ آ آ ِل َﻣ ْﺮ َ‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﴫ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﰷن ﯾ َ ِﲋ ُل َﻣﺪﯾﻨ َﺔ ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻼﺳﻔ ِﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ ّﯿ َِﲔ ِﻣ �ﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻀﺎر َﺟﲈ� ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﻓَ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻨﻌ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ َﻣ َﺮ � ْٕﺣ ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﻄﻲ إﱃ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟﯿﻮ� ِ ّﱐ واﻟ ِﻘ ْب ّ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻨﻌ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺗ �َﻔﺼ َﺢ �ﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ َﻣ َﺮﱒ ﺑﻨَ ْﻘ ِﻞ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ِﺐ ﰲ �‬
‫ﰷن ﰲ اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ إﱃ ﻟُﻐﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮﰊ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ٔأ �و ُل ﻧ َ ْﻘ ٍﻞ َ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّﺐ ﰲ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ ُ َﲻ َﺮ ِ�ﻦ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻌﺰ� ِﺰ‪ ،‬و�ُ ْﺮ ِ َﲨ ْﺖ ُﻛ ُﺘ ُﺐ اﻻٕدار ِة اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ‬ ‫و ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ُﻛ ُﺘ ٌﺐ ﰲ ِّ‬
‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ اﳋَﻠﯿﻔ ُﺔ ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ و � ْ‬ ‫وﰷن ٔأ ْﻛ َ َﱶ اﳌُﻬْ َﺘ ِّﻤ َﲔ ﺑأٔ ْﻣ ِﺮ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫�‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﰲ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ ِﻫﺸﺎ ِم ِ�ﻦ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﰷن‬ ‫وان َ‬ ‫� ِ�ﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ا�� واو ِ�ﻦ ﰲ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وان ‪ ،‬وﻻ َﺷ �ﻚ ٔأ �ن ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫� ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َ‬ ‫اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻜﻮن‬‫ﺤﯿﺢ‪ ،‬ﻟ َﺘ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ َﺟ َﻌﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﰲ َﻣ َ� ِﻠ ّﻬﺎ �‬ ‫ﺧُﻄﻮ ًة � ِﻟﻐ َﺔ ا ٔ� ِّﳘ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻠﲔ ��� ْو ِ� إﱃ ﺗَﻌ � ِﲅ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻌﲔ إﱃ َاﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋِ ِﻒ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ ٔأو اﳌُﺘ� ِﺼ َ‬ ‫ﻟُﻐ ًﺔ �ﻟ� ْو ِ�‪ ،‬و َدﻓَ َﻌ ِﺖ اﳌ ُ َﺘﻄ ِﻠ ّ َ‬
‫ﻤﻮن �ﻠﯿﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس‪ ،‬ﻓنَ َﻘ َ� لﻠ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﰷن دﯾﻮ ُان اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺎﺋِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫وٕاﺗْﻘﺎﳖِ ﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وان‬ ‫� ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ ِﻟ ُﺢ ُ�ﻦ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ �اﻟﺮ ْﲪ ِﻦ �ا�ي ٔأﺗْ َﻘ َﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ واﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ َﲨﯿ ًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔأ َﻣ َﺮ ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺟﻮن ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﴎ ُ‬ ‫وﰷن �ﻠﯿﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫�ﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫وﰷن �‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ دﯾﻮ ِان �‬ ‫ﲈن َ�ﻦ َﺳ ْﻌ ٍﺪ ﺑ َﺘ ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُﺳﻠَ ْﯿ َ‬
‫وﱊ‪.‬‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ّ‬

‫‪٥٥‬‬
 ‫ﴫ‬‫ﴫ ا ٔ� َﻣ ِﻮ ِ ّي ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ َﺣ َﺮﻛ ًﺔ �ﺎ �ﻣ ًﺔ ﺷﺎ ِﻣ ً� ﰷﻟ�ﱵ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ َﺣ َﺮﻛ َﺔ � ْ‬ ‫�‬
‫لﻠﱰﲨﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﲢﺖ َﺣ َﺮﻛ ٍﺔ �ﺎ �ﻣ ٍﺔ � ْ‬ ‫ﻻت ُﻣن َﻔ ِﺮد ًة ﻻ ﺗَ ْﻨﻀَ ﻮي َ‬ ‫�ﺎو ٍ‬ ‫ﺎﳼ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ُﻣ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ �ﺒ ِّ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ واﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ َﺤ ِﻲ � ْ‬ ‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫ﺮب �لﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﻫﻮ ٔأن ﺗَ َﺘ �ﻔﻮ َﻩ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ َ ْﳜﺘ ِﻠ ُﻒ ﻋﻦ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِﺢ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ُﺢ � ْ‬
‫ﺴﺎن آٓﺧ ََﺮ‪،‬‬‫اﻟ� ِم ﺑ ِﻠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺴﲑ َ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﲨ ُﺔ ﻓﻬيﻲ ﺗَ ْﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ َﺳﻮا ٌء ٔأ َﺻ َﻘﻠَ ْﺘﻪ �ﲆ ٔأ ْوزاﳖِ ﺎ ٔأم ﻻ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ � ْ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟ�م‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﲈن‪ :‬ﻫﻮ �ا�ي ﯾُ َﱰ ِﺟ ُﻢ َ‬ ‫اﻟ� ِم ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ إﱃ �أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬و � ْ‬
‫اﻟﱰ ُﺟ ُ‬ ‫ٔأو ﻧ َ ْﻘ ُﻞ َ‬
‫لﻠﱰﲨ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﻮل" ٔأ �ن ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ َﻃﺮﯾ َﻘﲔِ � ْ‬ ‫"اﻟ َﻜ ْﺸ ِ‬
‫ﲈت اﳌُﺮا ِد �َ ْﺮﲨﳤُ ﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﺗَﺪُ �ل‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﰻ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ ُﻣ َﻔﺮد ٍة ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ ا ��وﱃ‪ٔ :‬أن ﯾُ َﻨﻈ َﺮ ﰲ ِ ّ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫�ﳫﻤ ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﲢ ِﻤ ُﻞ ﻧ ْﻔ َﺲ ا�� ﻻ ِ�‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﯾَنْت ِﻘ ُﻞ إﱃ ا ��ﺧﺮى‪،‬‬ ‫�ﻠﯿﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﻓ َيأٔﰐ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘ ُﺔ َردﯾﺌ ٌﺔ َﻟﻮ ْ َ�ﲔِ ؛ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ٔ :‬أﻧ �ﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﯾَأٔ َﰐ �ﲆ ﻣﺎ �ُﺮﯾﺪُ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾ َﺒﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬﻩ �‬ ‫وﻫﻜﺬا‪� ،‬‬
‫ﲈت ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ��ﺧﺮى‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ٔ :‬أ �ن َﺧﻮ �اص‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﰻ َِ‬ ‫ﲈت ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺗُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ �‬ ‫ﯾُﻮ َ�ﺪُ َ ِﳇ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪،‬‬‫ﰻ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫�ﺎز ﰲ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺜﲑا ﻣﺎ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ اﳌ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬و َﻛ ً‬ ‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫�ﯿﺐ وا ٕﻻ ْﺳ�ﻨﺎ ِد ﻻ ﺗَ َﺘﻄﺎﺑ َ ُﻖ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ِ‬ ‫�ْ‬
‫ﻓ ُيﺆ ِ ّدي ‪ِ -‬ﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ‪ -‬إﱃ ُوﻗﻮعِ اﳋَﻠَ ِﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﱪ ﻋﳯﺎ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ��ﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ اﻟﺜ�ﺎﻧﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﱔ ٔأن ﯾ َ َﺘﻤﺜ � َﻞ ﰲ ِذ ْﻫ ِﻨﻪ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﳉُ ْﻤ ِ�‪ ،‬ﻓ ُي � َ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ ا ٔ� ْﺟ َﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎوﲥْ ﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬﻩ �‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ٔأم َ‬ ‫ُﲜ ْﻤ ٍ� ﺗُﻄﺎﺑ ُِﻖ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺳﻮا ٌء ٔأ�ﺎﻟَ َﻔ ِﺖ ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ واﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺷ� َﺘ َﻤﻠَ ْﺖ َﺣ َﺮﻛ ُﺔ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ِﻞ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم �ﲆ َاﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿﻠ َﺘﲔِ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪ْ � :‬‬
‫ﺎﳼ‪:‬‬‫ﴫ اﻟ َﻌ �ﺒ ِّ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻣﺮا ِ� ُﻞ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ِﻞ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬
‫َﻼث َﻣﺮا ِ�ﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎﳼ ﺑﺜ ِ‬ ‫ﴫ اﻟ َﻌ �ﺒ ِّ‬ ‫َﻣ �ﺮ ْت َﺣ َﺮﻛ ُﺔ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ِﻞ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ُ� ا ��وﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ َوﻓﺎ ِة َ‬
‫ﻫﺎرون �اﻟﺮﺷ�ﯿ ِﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗَﺒﺪَ �أ ِﻣﻦ ِ�ﻼﻓ ِﺔ اﳌ َ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻮر �‬

‫‪٥٦‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّﺐ‬‫ﰻ ِ� ٍﲅ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳ� �ﯿﲈ �ُﻠﻮ ِم ِّ‬ ‫ز�ﻦ ﰲ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﴫ �َﺪَ ٌد ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﻘ ِ� اﳌ ُ ِّﱪ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻧ َ َﺒ َﻎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﻗﺪ �َ ْﺮ َﰖ‬ ‫ﺼﻮر‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﷲ ُ�ﻦ اﳌ ُ َﻘﻔ�ﻊ ِ ﰷ ِﺗ ُﺐ ٔأﰊ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔ ٍﺮ اﳌ َ ْﻨ ِ‬ ‫و ّ ِاﻟﺮ�ﺿ ِﺔ واﻟ َﻔﻠْﺴﻔ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﳯﻢ ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ِ‬
‫ﻮرﺟ ُيﻮس‬ ‫ﺪي‪ ،‬و ُﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب َﳇﯿ َ� و ِد ْﻣن َﺔ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ �‬ ‫ﻮﻃﺎﻟيﺲ اﳌ َ ْﻨﻄﻘي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺜﲑا ِﻣﻦ ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺐ �أ ِر ْﺳ ُﻄ َ‬ ‫َﻛ ً‬
‫ُﻮﲞ ُﺖ اﳌُﻨ ِ ّﺠ ُﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻧ َ َﻘﻼ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ�ﻦ َ ْﲞ َﺘيْﺸﻮعَ‪ ،‬و�يﴗ ُ�ﻦ َﺷﻬْﻼ�‪ْ ،‬‬
‫و�ﲑﱒ‪.‬‬ ‫وﳛﲕ ُ�ﻦ اﻟﺒ ِْﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﰷت اﻟﻨ�ﺠﻮ ِم‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ن ﰲ ِ� ِﲅ َﺣ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ ُﻛ ُﺘ َﺐ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺘﺎب ﰲ َﺣ َﺮﻛ ِﺔ اﻟﻨ�ﺠﻮ ِم‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ َﻣ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺼﻮر وﻣ َﻌﻪ ِﻛ ٌ‬ ‫وي ٔأ �ن َر ُ� ًﻼ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ ﻗَ ِﺪ َم �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﻨ ِ‬ ‫ُور َ‬
‫ﺮب ٔأ ْﺻ ًﻼ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب �ﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺗَﺘ� ِ� ُﺬﻩ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﻮر َ ْﺑﱰﲨ ِﺘﻪ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأن ﯾُﺆﻟ � ُﻒ ِﻣنﻪ ِﻛ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌ َ ْﻨ ُ‬
‫اري‪ ،‬و ٔأﺧ َْﺮ َج ِﻛ ًﺘﺎ� � ُﺴ ِّﻤﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻮﱃ ذ� ا ٔ� ْﻣ َﺮ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪُ ُ�ﻦ ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ َﲓ اﻟ َﻔﺰ �‬ ‫ﰷت اﻟ َﻜﻮا ِﻛ ِﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓتَ �‬ ‫َﺣ َﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻮن "اﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﻨﺪ ِﻫﻨﺪ" اﻟ َﻜبﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌُﻨَ ِ ّﺠ َ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺳ َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وو �ﻻﻩ‬ ‫ﰻ ٔأ ْﻣ َﺮﻫﺎ إﱃ ﯾﻮ َﺣن�ﺎ ِ�ﻦ َ‬ ‫وﰲ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ �اﻟﺮﺷ�ﯿ ِﺪ ٔأ�ْﺸَ أ� ِﺧﺰاﻧ َﺔ ا ِﳊ ْﳬ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْو َ َ‬
‫�ﲔ اﻓْتَ َﺘﺤﻮا ﺑِﻼ َد �اﻟﺮو ِم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻤﻮن َ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮﺷ�ﯿﺪُ �َ ْﺮﲨ َﺔ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ِﺐ ا ِّﻟﻄ ِ ّﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َو َ�ﺪَ ﻫﺎ اﳌ ُﺴ ِﻠ َ‬
‫�ﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ؛‬ ‫�ﺎﺻ ٌﺔ � ْ‬ ‫وﰷن َلﻠﱪا ِﻣﻜ ِﺔ ِﻋﻨﺎﯾ ٌﺔ �‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﯾَﺪَ ﯾْﻪ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺒﻮن ْ َ‬ ‫َورﺗ َ�ﺐ � �اﻟﺮﺷ�ﯿﺪُ ُﻛﺘ� ًﺎ� ُ� �ﺬاﻗًﺎ �َﻜ ُت َ‬
‫ﰷن َ ْﳛﲕ‬ ‫ﳰﻮس َ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب "اﳌ َ َﺠ ْﺴ ِﻄﻲ" ﻟ َﺒ ْﻄﻠَ َ‬ ‫ﺴﲑ ِﻛ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺪ ِﱘ ٔأ �ن ٔأ �و َل َﻣﻦ اﻫ َ �ْﱲ ﺑ َﺘ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻘﺎﻻت ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫�ﲻ َﺔ ٔأ ْرﺑ َ َﻊ َﻣ ٍ‬ ‫�ﯿﺢ ُ�ﻦ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎ� ِ�ﻦ �َ ْﺮ َﻣ ٍﻚ ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻌﻬْ ِﺪ �َﺮ َﺟ َﻢ ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ اﳌَﺴ ِ‬ ‫َ�ﻦ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈعِ ا �ﻟﻄ ّ ِ‬
‫ﺒﯿﻌﻲ �� ِر ْﺳﻄﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎب �‬ ‫ِﻛ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ُ� اﻟﺜ�ﺎﻧﯿ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ �ﺎ ِم ‪ ٣٠٠‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﱔ ٔأ ْزﱓ‬ ‫ﳼ ا ِﳋﻼﻓ ِﺔ �ﺎ َم ‪١٩٨‬ﻫـ �‬ ‫ﻣﻮن ُﻛ ْﺮ �‬ ‫ﺗَﺒﺪَ �أ ُ�ﺮ ِ ِ ّﰶ اﳌَأٔ ِ‬
‫َﻣﺮا ِ� ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺷﻬَ ِﺮ اﻟﻨ� َﻘ ِ� ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ِ�‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ� ِ ّﱐ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ و � ْ‬ ‫ﰷن ُﻣ ْت ِﻘنًﺎ ل ِﻠ ّ ِ‬‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﺣنَ ْ ُﲔ ُ�ﻦ ا ْٕﲮ َﺎق‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ِﱪ ٔأ ْ�ﻼ ِم � ْ‬
‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮ َﯾﻖ ا ٔ� ْﺟ َﻮ َد ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫ﰷن ﯾَتْ َب ُﻊ �‬‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﱐ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮﯾ ِﻘﻪ ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫و ِّ‬
‫ﻌﱪ ﻋﳯﺎ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ��ﺧﺮى ُﲜ ْﻤ ٍ� ﺗُﻄﺎﺑ ُِﻖ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ٔأن ﯾ َ َﺘﻤﺜ � َﻞ ﰲ ِذ ْﻫ ِﻨﻪ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﳉُ ْﻤ ِ�‪ ،‬ﻓ ُي ِ ّ ُ‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ ا �ٕﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺎوﲥْ ﺎ؛ ِﻟﻬﺬا ﱂ َ ْﲢ َﺘ ْﺞ ُﻛ ُﺘ ُﺐ ُﺣنَ ْ ِﲔ ِ�ﻦ ا ْٕﲮ َﺎق إﱃ ﲥَ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ٔأم َ‬ ‫َﺳﻮا ٌء ٔأ�ﺎﻟَ َﻔ ِﺖ ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬
‫‪٥۷‬‬
 ‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّﺐ واﳌ َ ِﻨﻄ ِﻖ وا �ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌ �ﯿ ِ‬ ‫ﻼف ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺐ ِّ‬‫ﰲ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم ّ ِاﻟﺮ�ﺿ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ُﻣ ْت ِﻘنًﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﲞ ِ‬
‫ﺎت؛ ﻓﺎ �ٕن �ا�ي َﻋ �ﺮﺑَﻪ ِﻣﳯﺎ ﱂ َ ْﳛ َﺘ ْﺞ ﻻ ْٕﺻﻼح‪.‬‬ ‫وا ٕﻻﻟﻬ �ﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎب ا ٔ� ِﻫ � ِ�‪ِ ،‬ورﺳﺎ ٍ� ﰲ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب ِﺣ ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬ﺑ ُِﺖ ُ�ﻦ ﻗُ �ﺮةَ‪ ،‬و� ُﻛ ُﺘ ٌﺐ َورﺳﺎﺋِ ُﻞ ِ� �ﺪ ٌة‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻛ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ْﺨﺮاجِ اﳌَﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ اﻟﻬَ ْﻨﺪﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ْ ،‬‬
‫�ﱐ‬‫اﻟﴪ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟﯿﻮ� ِ ّﱐ و � ْ‬ ‫ﺼﯿﺢ �ل ِﻠ ّ ِ‬‫ﻘﻮل ﻋﻨﻪ ا ُ�ﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺪ ِﱘ‪ -‬ﻓَ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬وﻗَ ْﺴﻄﺎ ُ�ﻦ ﻟﻮﻗﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ‪-‬ﻛﲈ ﯾ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻄ �ﺐ واﻟ َﻔﻠْﺴﻔ ُﺔ واﻟﻬَ ْﻨﺪَ ﺳ ُﺔ واﳌﻮﺳ�ﯿﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﰷن � ِر�ًﺎ ﰲ �ُﻠﻮ ٍم َﻛﺜﲑ ٍة‪ِ ،‬ﻣﳯﺎ ِّ‬ ‫ﺮﰊ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟ َﻌ ِ ّ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﲈت ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬يﴗ ُ�ﻦ ﳛﲕ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ﺗَﻼﻣي ِﺬ ُﺣنَ ْ ِﲔ ِ�ﻦ ا ْٕﲮ َﺎق‪ ،‬و� �َ ْﺮ ٌ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮس‪ ،‬و ِ‬ ‫ﺴﲑ �ﺎﻟ َ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب ا ٔ� ْﻣﺮ ِاض اﳊﺎ �د ِة ﺑ َﺘ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ْﻼط‪ ،‬و ِﻛ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب ا ٔ�� ِ‬ ‫ٔأﺑُ ْﻘﺮ َاط‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ِﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺘﺎب ا ٔ� ْدوﯾ ِﺔ اﳌُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ِ� ﻟ ٔ� ْدواء‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺎب َرداء ِة اﻟﺘ�ﻨَﻔ� ِﺲ‪ ،‬و ِﻛ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮس‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ِﻛ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺎت �ﺎﻟ َ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺼﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻮن ﻗﺎﺋِﺪً ا ﻟﺘ� اﳊ ََﺮﻛ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺪ ِﱘ ٔأ �ن َﺳبَ َﺐ ذ� ٔأ �ن اﳌَأٔ َ‬ ‫وﰷن اﳌَأٔ ُ‬‫َ‬
‫ر ٔأى �أ ِر ْﺳﻄﻮ ﰲ َﻣنﺎ ِﻣﻪ‪ ،‬و�ﺎد ََ� ﰲ َﻣ ْﺴأٔ ٍ� َ�ﻣي� ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻤﴤ ّ ِاﻟﺮواﯾ ُﺔ ﻟ َﺘﺪُ �ل �ﲆ ٔأ �ن ﺗ�‬
‫ﺒﺎب ٕﻻ ْﺧﺮاجِ اﻟ ُﻜ ُتﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ْؤ� ﰷﻧ َﺖ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْو َﻛ ِﺪ ا ٔ� ْﺳ� ِ‬
‫� �اﻟﺮو ِم � َْﺴأٔ ُ� ٕاﻧْﻔﺎ َذ ﻣﺎ َ ْﳜ ُﺘﺎر ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ اﳌَﺨْﺰوﻧ ِﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮن إﱃ َﻣ ِ ِ‬ ‫و ٔأ ْر َﺳ َﻞ اﳌَأٔ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻮن ا ٔ� ْﻣ َﺮ إﱃ َﺟﲈ� ٍﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﳯﻢ اﳊَ �� ُﺎج ُ�ﻦ‬ ‫ﰻ اﳌَأٔ ُ‬ ‫ﺑِﻼ ِد �اﻟﺮو ِم‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ�ﺎﺑَﻪ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻣ ِتﻨﺎعٍ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ ْو َ َ‬
‫َﻣ َﻄ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬وا ُ�ﻦ اﻟﺒ ِْﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ‪َ ،‬وﺳ َ ٌﲅ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ ﺑَيْ ِﺖ ا ِﳊ ْﳬ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﺧتﺎروا ُﻛ ُﺘ ًﺒﺎ ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ َو َ�ﺪوﻫﺎ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻣﻮن �ﲆ ﺗ َْﻄﻮ� ِﺮ ِﺧﺰاﻧ ِﺔ ا ِﳊ ْﳬ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ٔأ�ْﺸَ أ�ﻫﺎ �اﻟﺮﺷ�ﯿﺪُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ِﲻ َﻞ اﳌَأٔ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻮن ﺑﻨَ ْﻘ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬‫ٔأ َﻣ َﺮﱒ اﳌَأٔ ُ‬
‫ﰟ "ﺑَيْ ِﺖ ا ِﳊ ْﳬ ِﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺷأٔﻧ ُﻪ ﺷأٔ ُن َﻣ ْﻜتﺒ ِﺔ اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻜنﺪرﯾ � ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ ،‬ﲾ َﻌﻠَﻬﺎ ُﻣ َﺆ �ﺳﺴ ًﺔ ِ�ﻠﻤ �ﯿ ًﺔ ُﻋ ِﺮﻓَ ْﺖ � ِ‬
‫ﰷن ُﻣ ْﺠﳣ َ ًﻌﺎ لﻠ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ِء؛ ﻓﻘ ِﺪ اﻫ َ �ْﱲ ﻓَﺮﯾﻖٌ ِﻣﳯﻢ ﺑﻨَ ْﻘ ِﻞ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓَﺮ ٌﯾﻖ آٓﺧ َُﺮ اﻫ َ �ْﱲ‬‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫�ﻟﺮ ْﺻ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وﻓَﺮ ٌﯾﻖ آٓﺧ َُﺮ اﻫ َ �ْﱲ �ﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺚ واﻟﺘ�آٔﻟﯿﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫زاق‬ ‫ﻣﻮن ﰲ َ ْﲨﻊ ِ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ِﺐ وٕا ْﺟﺮا ِء ا ٔ� ْر ِ‬ ‫�ﺎل ا�� ْو ِ� ُوو َ�ﺎ ُؤﻫﺎ ﰲ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ اﳌَأٔ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗَﺒﺎرى ِر ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻓﲀن ِﻣ �ﻤﻦ َذﻫ ََﺐ إﱃ ﺑِﻼ ِد �اﻟﺮو ِم ﰲ ﺗ� اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ِ� ا ٔ�ﺑْﻨﺎ ُء اﻟﺜ �ﻼﺛ ُﺔ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻌﻄﺎ� �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� َﻘ ِ�‪َ ،‬‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ إﱃ‬ ‫ﳌﻮﳻ ِ�ﻦ ﺷﺎ ِﻛ ٍﺮ اﳌُﻨَ ِ ّﺠ ِﻢ؛ ُﻣ َﺤ �ﻤﺪُ و ٔأ ْﲪَﺪُ واﳊ ََﺴ ُﻦ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْوﻓَﺪوا ُﺣنَ َﲔ َ�ﻦ ا ْٕﲮ َﺎق ْ َ‬
‫‪٥۸‬‬
 ‫ﻔﺎت ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻠْﺴﻔ ِﺔ واﻟﻬَ ْﻨﺪَ ﺳ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺑِﻼ ِد �اﻟﺮو ِم‪ ،‬ﲾﺎؤوﱒ َﺑﻄﺮاﺋِ ِﻒ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ِﺐ وﻏَﺮاﺋِ ِﺐ اﳌُﺼﻨ� ِ‬
‫زاق �ﲆ َﺟﲈ� ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﻘ ِ�؛‬ ‫ﺮون ا ٔ� ْر َ‬ ‫وﰷن ﺑَﻨﻮ اﳌُﻨَ ِ ّﺠ ِﻢ ُ ْﳚ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ّﺐ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﻮﺳ�ﯿﻘﺎ وا �� ْرﺛَﲈ ِﻃﯿ َﻘﺎ و ِّ‬
‫دﯾﻨﺎر َﺷﻬ �ْﺮ�‬‫و�ﲑﻫﲈ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ْﻌﻄﻮﳖَ ﻢ َ ْﲬ َﺴ ِﻤﺌ ِﺔ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣﳯﻢ‪ُ :‬ﺣنَ ْ ُﲔ ُ�ﻦ ا ْٕﲮ َﺎق‪ ،‬و�ﺑ ُِﺖ ُ�ﻦ ﻗُ �ﺮةَ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻼزﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫لﻠﻨ� ْﻘ ِﻞ واﳌ ُ َ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ُ� اﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِﻟﺜ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﰷن اﻟﻨ� َﻘ ُ� ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ِ�‬ ‫ﺮي‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ُﻣنْ َﺘﺼ ِﻒ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن �اﻟﺮا ِﺑﻊ ِ اﻟﻬِ ْﺠ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺗَﺒﺪَ �أ ِﻣﻦ َﺳ�ﻨَ ِﺔ ‪٣٠٠‬ﻫـ �‬
‫ُﻣﻬْ َﺘ ِّﻤ َﲔ ﺑﻨَ ْﻘ ِﻞ ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺐ اﳌ َ ِﻨﻄ ِﻖ وا �ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺎب اﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ ِن واﻟ َﻔﺴﺎ ِد‬ ‫ُﻘﻮ� ِﻛ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺎر اﻟﻨ� َﻘ ِ� ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ َ ْﺮ� ِ� �ﻣﱴ ُ�ﻦ ﯾﻮ� ُ َﺲ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ﻧ ِ‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ ِﻛ ِ‬
‫ﻨﺎن ُ�ﻦ‬ ‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﻢ ِﺳ� ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎب ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻫﺎن‪ ،‬و ِﻛ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ِ‬‫ﺘﺎب ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺴﲑ اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻜنْﺪَ ِر‪ ،‬و ِﻛ ُ‬ ‫ﺑ َﺘ ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﰻ ا ْﺧ ِت َ‬
‫ﺒﺎر ا ٔ� ِﻃ �ﺒﺎ ِء ﻗ ْب َﻞ ٔأن ﯾُ ِﲈرﺳﻮا‬ ‫ﺒيﺐ اﳋَﻠﯿﻔ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﻘتَ ِﺪ ِر‪ ،‬وٕاﻟﯿﻪ ٔأ ْو َ َ‬ ‫وﰷن َﻃ َ‬ ‫�ﺑ ِِﺖ ِ�ﻦ ﻗُ �ﺮةَ‪َ ،‬‬
‫ﺷﺎر �ﲆ اﳌ ُ ْﻘت ِﺪ ِر ٔأن ﯾُ ِنﺸ َﺊ ﺑ� ِر ْﺳ�ﺘﺎ�ً ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ�ْﺸَ أ� اﳌ ُ ْﻘت ِﺪ ُر ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒ�ر ْﺳ� َ‬
‫ﺘﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّﺐ‪ ،‬و ٔأ َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻬْﻨ َﺔ ِّ‬
‫ﺻﻮل اﻟﻬَ ْﻨﺪَ ﺳﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻔﺎت َﺟيِّﺪ ٌة ﰲ �ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟﻬَ ْﯿﺌ ِﺔ واﻟﻨ�ﺠﻮ ِم و ٔأ ِ‬ ‫ري‪ ،‬و� ﻧ ُﻘﻮ ٌل و ُﻣ َﺆﻟ � ٌ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ ْﻘت ِﺪ �‬
‫اﻟﱰﲨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻧ َﺘﺎﺋِ ُﺞ َﺣ َﺮﻛ ِﺔ � ْ‬
‫�ﺎت ِ�ﻠﻤ �ﯿ ٍﺔ َ�ﺪﯾﺪ ٍة َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ‬ ‫ﺎﳼ إﱃ ُوﺟﻮ ِد ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٍ‬ ‫ﴫ اﻟﻌ �ﺒ ِّ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٔأد ْ�ت َﺣ َﺮﻛ ُﺔ � ْ‬
‫ﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫�ﺎت ﺻﺎ ِﻟ� ًﺔ لﻠﺘ� ْﻌ ِ‬‫ﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﰷﻧ َﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ُ‬ ‫الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺤ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ ُ ْﲨ ِ� ٔأﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ َﻣﻮاﺿﯿﻊ ِ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ؛ ْ‬ ‫ﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫�ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ِء ٕا ْﺟ ًﲈﻻ‪ ،‬وﱔ اﻟ َﯿ ْﻮ َم ﺗَﺼﻠُ ُﺢ ﻟ ُﺘ ِ ّ َ‬
‫ﻃﺎن‪ ،‬وا �� ْﲝ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮﺑْ ُﻮ‪ ،‬و� ْﺳ ِت ْﺴﻘﺎ ُء‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪َ � :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا ٔ� ْﻣﺮ ِاض ﰲ �‬ ‫َ �ﲰﻮا َ‬
‫ﺮب‪ْ َ ،‬ﻓﱰ َﲨﻮا‬ ‫دات ا ِّﻟﻄ ِ ّﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ ﱂ ﺗَﻌ ِﺮﻓْﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ْﯿﺎن اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﲑ‪َ ،‬ووﺿَ ﻌﻮا ٔأ ْﺳ ًﲈء �َﺪﯾﺪ ًة ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬ ‫واﻟ َﺒﻮ ُ‬
‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪ ،‬و َﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮا‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِر‪ ،‬و ٔأﻧ ِْﻒ اﻟ ِﻌ ْ� ِﻞ‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟَﻌﺎنﳱﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻟ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﯿﺎر واﻟﺒﺎ ِذ ْﳒﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺜﲑا ِﻣﻦ ﺗ� ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ا ِﳋ ِ‬ ‫َﻛ ً‬
‫ﺜﺎت‪ -‬ﻓﻘ ِﺪ ا� � َﺴ َﻌ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﳉَﻤﯿﻊ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎل اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم ّ ِاﻟﺮ�ﺿ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪-‬ﰷﳉ ْ َِﱪ واﻟﻬَ ْﻨﺪَ ﺳ ِﺔ واﳌُﺜَﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ﰲ َﻣ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت ِ� ِﲅ ا �ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌ ِﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ�ﺎﲥِ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰷ�� ا�ِﺮ ِة واﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄ ِﺮ واﳌُﺜَﻠ � ِﺚ واﳌ ُ َﺮﺑ�ﻊِ‪ ،‬وا� � َﺴ َﻌ ْﺖ ﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫‪٥۹‬‬
‫ﻮن إﱃ ﻟُﻐﺎﲥِ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ‬ ‫� ا ٔ� ْورو ِﺑ ّ �ﯿ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨ�ﺠﻮ ِم‪ ،‬ﻓنَ َﻘﻠَﻬﺎ �ُﻠَﲈ ُء اﻟ َﻔ َ ِ‬ ‫)اﻟﻔﲒ�ء(‪ ،‬و َﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮا ٔأ ْﺳﲈ َء ِ‬
‫ﻧ َ َﻘﻠﻮا ٔأ ْﺳ ًﲈء َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ َﻛﺜﲑ ًة ﻟ ُﻨﺠﻮ ٍم �أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫ﺮب ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻣﺎ ﻧ َ َﻘﻠﻮا ُﻛ ُﺘ َﺐ اﻟ َﻔﻠْ َﺴﻔ ِﺔ واﳌ َ ِﻨﻄ ِﻖ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ َﺔ‬ ‫�ﺎل اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم اﻟ َﻔﻠْ َﺴﻔي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ �ٕن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫وﰲ َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻓﳫﻤ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﻇﺎ ْاﺻ ِﻄﻼﺣي� ًﺔ؛ اﻟ َﻜ ْﱶ ُة ا�ﲀ ِ�ﺮ ُة ِﻣﳯﺎ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻘ � ُ� ِﻣﳯﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َوﺿَ ﻌﻮا ﻟﻬﺎ ٔأﻟْ ً‬
‫ﲈت‪ :‬ا ٔ� َز ِل وا ٔ�ﺑ َ ِﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﳇ ُ‬ ‫)ﻓَﻠْ َﺴﻔ ٍﺔ( ﻧ ْﻔ ُﺴﻬﺎ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﳯﺎ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻓَﻠْ َﺴ َﻒ‪ِ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻌﺎن ْاﺻ ِﻄﻼﺣي� ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﲈت َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻠْ َﺴﻔ ِﺔ َﻣ ٍ‬ ‫ا�ﳫّ ّ ِﻲ واﳉ ُْﺰ ِ ّﰄ‪ ،‬ﳇ�ﻬﺎ َ ِﳇ ٌ‬ ‫ﻠﻮل‪ ،‬و ُ ِ‬ ‫واﻟ ِﻌ � ِ� واﳌ َ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫َﻣ ْ�ﺪودة‪.‬‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ‪� -‬ﺎ َءت‬ ‫ﺴﲑ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ واﻟﺘ� ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم اﻟﻨ� ْﻘﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪-‬ﰷﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ واﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎٕذا ﰷﻧ َْﺖ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ُ‬
‫ﻓَﺼﯿ� ًﺔ و َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ًة ِﻣﻦ ُﺻﻠْ ِﺐ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن و ِاﺿﻌﳱﺎ ﰷﻧﻮا �ﲆ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓ ٍﺔ � �ﻣ ٍﺔ ﺑأٔ ْﴎ ِار الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‬
‫ﯿﺎن و�َ ْ ِﲑ ذ�‪ ،‬إذا‬ ‫ﺮوض واﻟ َﺒﺪﯾﻊ ِ واﻟ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴫ ِف واﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎت‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ْﺤ ِﻮ و � ْ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِأﳇ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم‬ ‫�ﻜﻦ ا ٔ� ْﻣ ُﺮ �ﲆ ﻫﺬﻩ �‬ ‫ﰷن ا ٔ� ْﻣ ُﺮ ﻛﺬ� �ﻟ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒ ِﺔ لﻠ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم اﻟﻨ� ْﻘﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﲅ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وﰷن ﯾَﺼ ُﻌ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﻬﻮﻻ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﰷن َﻣ ْﺠ ً‬ ‫ﺮب؛ ﻓ َﻜثﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم َ‬ ‫�ﲑ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ا�� ﺧي ِ� ٔأو اﳌ َ ْﻨﻘﻮ ِ� ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺜﲑا ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ﳌ َ ْﻮﺿﻮ�ﺎﲥِ ﺎ اﳌ ُ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠﻔ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ٔأد�ى إﱃ ٔأ �ن ﻧ َ َﻘ َ� اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم َﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮا َﻛ ً‬ ‫إﳚﺎ ُد ٔأﻟْ ٍ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬وٕا �ﻣﺎ ﻟ ٔ� ْﻣ َﺮ ِ�ﻦ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ٕا �ﻣﺎ ﻟﻀَ ْﻌ ِﻔﻬﻢ �ﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وٕا �ﻣﺎ ﻻ ْﺳ ِت ْﺴﻬﺎ ِﻟﻬﻢ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ُﻮر�س‪ ،‬و �أ ْﺳ ُﻄ ُﻘ ٍّﺲ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ ِﻃﯿﻐ َ‬ ‫ﲈﻃﯿﻘﻲ‪ ،‬و ِﻓ ِﲒ ّ ٍ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ) �أ ْرﺛَ ّ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓنَﻠ َﺤﻆُ ٔأﳖ� ﻢ َﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮا ﰲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِء ٔأﻟْ َ‬
‫و ٔأ ْﺷ�ﺒﺎ ِﻫﻬﺎ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﳌ�ﺎ َﺣ ُﺴ َﻦ ّ ِاﻃﻼﻋُﻬﻢ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗَ َﻌ �ﻤﻘﻮا ﰲ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم اﳌ َ ْﻨﻘﻮ ِ�‪ ،‬وزادوﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺴﺎب‪ ،‬وا �ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌ ُﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ُﲝﻮ�ِ ﻢ‪ ،‬ا ْﺳ� َﺘﻄﺎﻋﻮا إﳚﺎ َد اﳌُﻘﺎﺑ ِِﻞ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪) :‬ا ِﳊ ُ‬
‫ﻻت‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﻌ ْﻨ ُﴫ(‪.‬‬ ‫واﳌَﻘﻮ ُ‬
‫�ﺎت اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وﰷﻧ َﺖ ﳍﻢ َﻣﺬا ِﻫ ُﺐ ﰲ َوﺿْ ﻊ ِ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫دون ﺗَ ْﻐﯿ ٍﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻲ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔﻆٍ َﻋﺮ ٍ ّﰊ ﯾُﺆ ِ ّدي َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ َ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑ َ ُ� الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻤﻲ اﳉَﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ وﺗَﻀْ ﻤﯿﳯُ ﺎ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ ِﻌ �‬ ‫ﻐﻮي اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -‬ﲢﻮ ُ�ﺮ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ الﻠ � ِ ّ‬
‫�ﳫﻤ ٍﺔ ٔأو ِﻋﺒﺎر ٍة َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ﺗُﺆ ِ ّدي َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮﲨ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِﺢ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫‪٦۰‬‬
 ‫ﲈت َ�ﺪﯾﺪ ٍة ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺻﻮلٍ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ٔأو ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٍﺔ �ﻟ�ﻻ ِ� �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳉَﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎق َ ِﳇ ٍ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِﺢ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻣﺬا ِﻫ ُﺐ اﳌ ُ ّ ِﻌﺮ َ‬
‫زان اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬‫‪ٕ -١‬اﺧْﻀﺎ ُع ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻟ ٔ� ْو ِ‬
‫ﺪاث ﺗَ ْﻐﯿﲑ ٍات ﰲ ِﺑ ْﻨيﳤِ ﺎ‬ ‫زان اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﯾ َ َﺘﻄﻠ � ُﺐ ٕا ْ� َ‬ ‫ﰷن ٕاﺧْﻀﺎ ُع ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻟ ٔ� ْو ِ‬ ‫ﳌ�ﺎ َ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ آٓ�َﺮوا‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ٔآن � َ ْﺸ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗُﺒ ِﻌﺪُ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ٔآ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﳌ�ﺎ ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ �ﺎ� ٌﺔ َﻛﺒﲑ ٌة لﻠ ُﻤ ّ ِﻌﺮ َ‬
‫ُﺮوف اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻣﺮا�ﺎ ِة ٔأ ْﻣ َﺮ ِ�ﻦ‪ٔ :‬أ �ﻻ ﺗَﺒﺪَ �أ‬‫ﻔﺎظ �ﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ﺑﺼﻮرﲥِ ﺎ اﳌ َ ْﻨﻘﻮ ِ� ﻣ َﻊ � ْﺣ ِت ِ‬ ‫�ﺣ ِت َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻨﺎن ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و�َﺴﺎ َﻣﺤﻮا ﰲ َﲡ ُﺎو ِز اﳊ َِّﺪ اﳌ َ ْﺴﻤﻮحِ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ �ﺴﺎ ِﻛ ٍﻦ‪ ،‬و ٔأ �ﻻ ﯾَﺘﻮاﱃ ﺳﺎ ِﻛ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﯿﺪاس‪ِ ْ ،‬‬
‫و�ﲑ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﺳ� ْﺒﻌ ُﺔ ٔأ ْﺣ ُﺮ ٍف‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪� :‬أ ْﺳ ُﻄﻮﺧُﻮد َُس‪ ،‬و ِﻫ ُﯿﻮ ِﻓ ْﺴ ِﻄ َ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﻤﻲ؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺑُﻮش د ََرﺑ َ ْﻨ ِﺪي اﻟﻮ ِارد ِة ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ‬ ‫�ﯿﺐ ٔأ ْ َﲺ ّ ٍ‬
‫ﰷن ﻧ َ ْﻘ ًﻼ َﺻ ْﻮﺗ �ﯿﺎ َ ْﻟﱰ ٍ‬ ‫ذ�‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ا �ٕن ﺑﻌﻀَ ﻬﺎ َ‬
‫ا ِ�ﻦ اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿﻄﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻓْ ِﱰ ُاض ٔأﺻﻮلٍ ﻟ ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﰷن ﻓيﻪ ﺗَ َﻌ �ﺴ ٌﻒ‪ُ � -‬ﻣ َﺴ ِّﻮ�ﺎﺗُﻪ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �ُﻠَﲈ ِء‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪-‬وٕان َ‬ ‫ا �ٕن ا ْﻓ ِﱰ َاض �أﺻﻮلٍ ﻟ ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ َﺔ ٕا �ﻣﺎ ٔأن ُ ْﳛﺘ َﻔﻆَ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرﲥِ ﺎ ﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﺎ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﴫ ِف؛ ذ� ٔأ �ن َ ِ‬ ‫�ْ‬
‫ﴫ َف ﻓﳱﺎ َﺑﺼ ْﻘ ِﻠﻬﺎ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ٔأو اﻟﺘ� ْﴫ ِﯾﻒ‪ ،‬وٕا �ﻣﺎ ٔأن ﯾُ َﺘ �‬ ‫َ �ﰒ ﻓﻠﻦ َﲣﻀَ َﻊ ﻟ َﻌﻤﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫ﴫ ُف ﻓﳱﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫زان اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺣيﻨَﺌ ٍﺬ �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﳯﺎ وﯾُ َﺘ �‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْو ِ‬
‫ﻟﺼﯿﻐﱵ )ﻓَ �ﻌﻞ(‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ِﻣﳯﺎ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ�ﱵ ٔأرادوا � ْﺷ� ِﺘ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻮن ‪�-‬ﺎ ِﻟ ًﺒﺎ‪ٔ -‬أﺧْﻀَ ﻌﻮا ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬ ‫واﳌ ُ َﻌ ّ ِﺮ َ‬
‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫و)ﻓَ ْﻌﻠَﻞ(‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻓَﻠْ َﺴ َﻒ‪ ،‬و َﻫ ْﻨﺪَ َس‪ ،‬و َﻫ ْﻨﺪَ َم‪ ،‬وﺑَﻠْ َﻮ َر‪َ ،‬وزﯾْ َﺒﻖ‪ِ ْ ،‬‬
‫ْﯿﺎن‬‫ﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﳼ إﱃ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﴫ اﻟ َﻌ �ﺒ ِّ‬ ‫ﺑﻮن ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﳌُﻼ َﺣﻆُ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻗَﻠ�ﲈ ﻟَ َ�أٔ اﳌ ُ ّ ِﻌﺮ َ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦۱‬‬
 ‫ﺗيﺐ اﳌَﺪا ِ� ِﻞ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ْ َ� -٣‬ﺮ ُ‬
‫وﺻﻨَ َﻊ ِﻣﳯﺎ‬ ‫ْﯿﺎن اﻟﻨ�ﺒﺎﺗ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﳊَﯿﻮاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﳌَﻌ ِﺪﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﺎﺻ َﺔ � ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت �‬ ‫َ َﲨ َﻊ ا ُ�ﻦ ﺳينﺎ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫ْﯿﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻄﺎر ِﻛ ًﺘﺎ� ِﻟﻬﺬﻩ ا ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣﻌ َﺠ ًﻤﺎ ﰲ اﳉ ُْﺰ ِء ا ٔ� �و ِل ِﻣﻦ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ )اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن(‪ ،‬و ٔأﻓْ َﺮ َد ا ُ�ﻦ اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿ ِ‬
‫دات ا ٔ� ْدوﯾ ِﺔ وا ٔ� ْ� ِﺬﯾﺔ(‪ ،‬وٕاذا ﻧ ََﻈ ْﺮ� إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻓَ َﻌ َ� ا ُ�ﻦ ﺳينﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب )اﳉﺎ ِﻣﻊ ﰲ ُﻣ َﻔﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻛ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺮوف َ ِ‬ ‫ﻼف ذ�؛ ٕا ْذ �َ �ﺪ ُﺣ َ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬نَﺮاﻩ ِ� َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣث ًَﻼ‪ -‬ﰲ ُﻣﻌﺎﻟَ� ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﺬور َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﯾ َ ْﻔ ِﱰ ْض ﻟﻬﺎ ٔأ ْﺻ ًﻼ ِﻣﻦ ﻟَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻬﺎ؛ َكﻄﺮﯾﻘ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﻻ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﯾُﻠ ِﺤ ْﻘﻬﺎ ُﲜ ٍ‬ ‫ﳇ�ﻬﺎ ٔأ ً‬
‫ﺗيﺐ‬‫اﻟﴫﻓيّ َِﲔ؛ ﻓﺎ ُ�ﻦ ﺳينﺎ َو �ز َع اﳌَﺪا ِ� َﻞ ﰲ ﺛَﲈﻧﯿ ٍﺔ و ِﻋ ْﴩ َ�ﻦ َﺣ ْﺮﻓًﺎ ُﻣ َﺮﺗ � ًﺒﺎ �َ ْﺮ َ‬ ‫اﳌُﻌ َﺠﻤ ّﯿ َِﲔ و � ْ‬
‫ﰻ ﻓَ ْﺼ ٍﻞ ٔأ �ي‬ ‫ﲈت ﰲ ِ ّ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬‫) ٔأ ْ َﲜ ْﺪ ﻫ �َﻮز ‪ ،(...‬ﻟﻜن�ﻪ َوﻗَ َﻒ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻫﺬا اﳊ َِّﺪ وﱂ �ُ َﺮِﺗ ّ ِﺐ َ ِ‬
‫�َ ْﺮﺗيﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺎﺋِﺪة‪:‬‬
‫ﲈت ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ ﻫﺬا �ﺿْ ِﻄﺮ ُاب إﱃ‬ ‫ﰟ ) ِﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﺔ( َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻮن ﰲ َر ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺿْ َﻄ َﺮ َب اﳌ ُ ّ ِﻌﺮ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎب؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺳ� ٍ‬
‫ﲈت ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ َِ‬ ‫‪ٔ -٣‬أﳖ� ﻢ ﱂ ﯾ َ َﺘﻮ َاﻃﺆوا �ﲆ َﻣﳯَ ٍﺞ ُﻣ� �ﺪ ٍد ﰲ َر ْ ِ‬
‫ﺜﲑا ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫‪ٔ -٤‬أ �ن اﻟﻨ� ِﺎﲯ َﲔ ﱂ �ُﺮاﻋﻮا ّ ِا�ﻗ� َﺔ اﳌ َ ْﻄﻠﻮﺑ َﺔ ﰲ اﻟن � ْﺴ ِﺦ‪َ ،‬ﲿ �ﺮﻓﻮا َﻛ ً‬
‫ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء‪.‬‬
‫ﲁ ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ُﻣ �ﻄ ِﺮدًا‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ�ْﺪا ُم اﻟﻨ� ْﻘﻂ ٔأو �َ ِ‬
‫ﻼﻣﺎت �‬

‫‪٦۲‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣ‪‬ﺠﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻠّﻐﺔ(‬
‫ﻧ َْﻈﺮ ٌة �رﳜ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ اﳌُﺮ �ﺟ ِﺢ ٔأ �ن ِﺑﺪا�ﳤَ ﺎ ﻣ َﻊ اﳊَ ْﻤ ِ� اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫َﻇﻬ ََﺮ ِت ا�ﳯ� ْﻀ ُﺔ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ُﺔ ﰲ ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫�ﺎن اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ و �‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮ ِة‬ ‫ﺮون ﻓﳱﺎ ُ�ﺮ ْﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﴫ‪ ،‬ﺗ� ا ٔ� �� ُم اﻟ�ﱵ ﺑَﺪَ �أ اﻟﻨ� ُﺎس � َْﺸ ُﻌ َ‬ ‫�ﲆ ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫�ﺎء ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ �ﲇ إﱃ ُﺳ �ﺪ ِة اﳊ ْ ُِﲂ‬ ‫ﻌﻮب ا ٔ� ْورو ِﺑ ّ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ �ﻤﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺎ ِ ّدﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َﺣ َﺼﻠَ ْﺖ �ﻠﳱﺎ �‬
‫ﺒﺎب اﳌَﺪَ ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎس ٔأ ْﺳ� ِ‬ ‫ﴫ ٔأد َْركَ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻻ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ٕا�ْﺸﺎ ُء د َْو ٍ� �ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ا �ٕﻻ � ْﻗ ِت ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫�ﺎت‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َﳒ َﻢ ﻋﻦ ذ� ﻧ َ ْﻘ ُﻞ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ﺜﺎت‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎل اﻟ َﺒ َﻌ ِ‬‫ﻓﲀن ٕا�ْﺸﺎ ُء اﳌَﺪا ِر ِس وٕا ْر ُ‬ ‫اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﺗَﻮاﻟَ ِﺖ اﳉُﻬﻮ ُد ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ واﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪ْ .‬‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ إﱃ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ � ْ‬
‫دون ٔأن َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬ ‫�ﺎت‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ اﻟﺜ �ﻨﺎﺋ �ﯿ ِﺔ وﻗَﻮ ِ ِاﰂ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﺑﻮﺿْ ﻊ ِ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧ َ ْﻘ ِﻞ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎر ٔأو َاﻟﻮﺿْ ﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎس ﻧ ََﻈﺮ �ي ِﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﳊ ََﺮﻛ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﺗَ َﺘ� �ﺪ َد ٔأ ْوﻟَ �ﻮ� ُت � ْﺧ ِت ِ‬ ‫ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ٔأ ٌ‬
‫َﻠﻮح ﺑِﺪا�ﺗُﻪ؛‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﺗ ُ‬ ‫ﺮي لﻠﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎس اﻟﻨ� َﻈ �‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟ ِﻨّ ْﺼ ِﻒ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن اﻟﺘ� ِﺎﺳ َﻊ ﻋ َ َ‬
‫َﴩ ﺑَﺪَ �أ ا ٔ� ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺪ�ق‪ ،‬و َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ﻓيﻪ ُﺟ ْﺮ� زﯾﺪان َﻣﻘﺎﻟَﲔِ ؛ ا ٔ� �و ُل ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ٔأﻟْ َﻤ َﺢ إﻟﯿﻪ ٔأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﻓﺎ ِرس ِ ّ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋِﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪:‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ �‬
‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬‫ﻓﺎت ِ‬ ‫َﻮي( ا ْﻗ َ َﱰ َح ﻓيﻪ ُﻣﺮا ِد ٍ‬ ‫)اﳌ ُ ْﺠﳣ َ ُﻊ الﻠ�ﻐ �‬
‫ﻔﺎظ‬ ‫�رﳜﻲ ﻣﻮ َﺟ ٍﺰ ﻟ ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ �ﻮ� ِة ﻓﳱﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﲟ َ ِﲋ ِ� َﻋ ْﺮ ٍض ّ ٍ‬ ‫)�ر ُﱗ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ وا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎز�‬ ‫ﺼﻮر‪ ،‬و َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ﻓيﻪ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ إ�ﺮاﻫﲓ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ وا�� ﺧي ِ� وﻣﺎ َ�ﺪَ َث ﻟﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ﺗَ ْﻐﯿ ٍﲑ �َ ْ َﱪ اﻟ ُﻌ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت ا�� ﺧي ِ�‪،‬‬ ‫ﻌﲈل اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﯿﺎ ِء ﻧ َ �ﺒ َﻪ إﱃ ﺧُﻄﻮر ِة � ْﻛ ِﺘﻔﺎ ِء � ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫�� ِّ‬ ‫َﻣ ًﻘﺎﻻ ﰲ َﻣ � ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْ�ﺪَ �ت‪.‬‬ ‫و ٔأ ْو َﺟ َﺐ ٔأن ﻧُن ْ ِﺸ َﺊ َﻃﺮﯾﻘ ًﺔ َﻟﻮﺿْ ﻊ ِ ٔأﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﺣيﺚ َﳈ �ﯿ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎق اﳉَﻤﯿ َﻊ ﻻ ِﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ �أ� ْ ِﺸ َﺊ َﻣﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة �ا�ي َ‬ ‫�‬
‫وﲢﻘي ُﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْ�ﻠَ َﻦ ٔأ �ن ِﻣﻦ ٔأ َ ِّﱒ ٔأ ْﻏﺮ ِاﺿﻪ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻞ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺣيﺚ ِدﻗ�ﳤُ ﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫�ﺎت‪ ،‬وٕاﻧ �ﲈ ِﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫نﻮن واﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮم‪ .‬وﻻ ﯾَﻌﲏ ذ� ٔأ �ن ا�ﺎ ِﻣ َﻊ ا ��ﺧﺮى ﰷﻧﺖ ِ�ﻠْ ًﻮا‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﻓي ًﺔ ﲟَﻄﺎ ِﻟ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻔ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ا�ﺎ ِﻣ َﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﳇ�ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َﺷﻐَﻞ اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ؛ ْ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ �ﻫ� ِم ﺑأٔﻣ ِﺮ اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮ ِ‬

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 ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﻭ‪‬ﻝ‬

‫ﺿﻮ�ﺎت اﻟ�ﱵ �ﻗَﺸَ ﻬﺎ َﻣﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ِة‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ِﻣﻦ ٔأواﺋِ ِﻞ اﳌ َ ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن َﻣ ْﻮﺿﻮ ُع اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫)وﳚ ُﲒ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ‬ ‫�ﻼﺛﲔ اﻟ َﻘﺮ َار ا�ٓ َﰐ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ٔآ ْﺻﺪَ َر اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ﰲ َ�ﻠْﺴ� ِﺘﻪ اﳊﺎ ِدﯾ ِﺔ واﻟﺜ َ‬ ‫ا �ٕ� َن � َ ْﺸآٔ ِﺗﻪ؛ ْ‬
‫اﻟﴬور ِة �ﲆ َﻃﺮﯾﻘ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﻢ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ٔأن �ُﺴ� َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ُ‬
‫ﺪري ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻘﺮ َار؛ َﻓﺬ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن َ ِﳇﻤ َﺔ "ﺑﻌﺾ" ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ ٔأ �ن‬ ‫ﴍ َح اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿﺦُ ٔأ ْﲪَﺪُ اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻜنْ �‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ َﻔ ِنّ �ﯿ ُﺔ واﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُﻌ َﺠ ُﺰ ﻋﻦ إﳚﺎ ِد ُﻣﻘﺎﺑ ٍِﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬وﳜ ِﺮ ُج ِﻣنﻪ ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬ ‫اﳌُﺮا َد ا ٔ�ﻟْ ُ‬
‫ذات اﳌَﻌﺎﱐ اﻟﻌﺎ ِدﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌُﺮا ُد �ﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُب �ا��ﻦ ُﳛ َﺘ �ﺞ َ�� ِﻣﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ َ‬ ‫ا ٔ� َدﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ وا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬
‫ﺮي‪ ،‬و َﻋ َﺮ ُب اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِو‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﳖِ ﺎﯾ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ اﻟﻬِ ْﺠ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر �‬ ‫ﺮب ا ٔ� ْﻣ ِ‬ ‫وﯾُﻮﺛَ ُﻖ ﺑ َﻌﺮﺑي�ﳤِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وﱒ َﻋ ُ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ٔأو ِاﺳﻂِ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن �اﻟﺮا ِﺑﻊ ِ اﻟﻬِ ْﺠ ّ‬
‫ﺮي‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫�ﺎو ُ� ا ٔ� ِب �أ ِ� ْﺴ�ﺘﺎس ﻣﺎ ِري اﻟ ِﻜ ْﺮ ِﻣ ِ ِ ّﲇ �ا�ي ر ٔأى‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻧ ُﻮ ِﻗ َﺶ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻘﺮ ُار وﱂ ﺗَﻨ َﺠ ْﺢ ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎت ﰲ‬ ‫ﲈت ﻟﻬﺎ ُﻣﺮا ِد ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﴬور ِة‪ ،‬و ْاﺣتَ �ﺞ ِ�� ﺑأٔ �ن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ َب َﻋ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ َ ِﳇ ٍ‬ ‫�َﺪَ َم اﻟﺘ�ﻘي� ِﺪ ﺑ َﻘ ْي ِﺪ �‬
‫اﳉﺎرم ﰲ اﻟﻨ� ِّﺺ ‪-‬ﰲ اﻟ َﻘﺮ ِار‪� -‬ﲆ‬ ‫ْﺮﰊ و�ﲇ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎو ُ� ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟﻘﺎ ِد ِر اﳌَﻐ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﺗَﻨ َﺠ ْﺢ ُﻣ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﻌﺮ َاء‬‫ﺎب و �‬ ‫ﺣﱴ � َﺸ َﻤ َﻞ اﻟ ُﻜت� َ‬ ‫ﺮب‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﻮﺳ َﻊ ﰲ َﻣ ْﻔﻬﻮ ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫يﺎﳼ‪ ،‬و ٔأن ﯾُ َﺘ �‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ٔأ ْﻣ ٌﺮ ِﻗ �‬ ‫ٔأ �ن اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬
‫ﲈت ا�� ﺧي ِ� اﳌ ُ َﺘﻔ ِ ّﺸ�ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺘﻨﺎ اﻟ َﯿ ْﻮﻣي� ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﻟﻮن‪ ،‬وﺳي�‪،‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬‫اﻟ َﻌ �ﺒﺎ ِﺳ� ّﯿ َِﲔ‪ ،‬وﻗَبﻮ َل َ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫و�ﺎز‪ ،‬وﺑَﻠَﻜﻮن‪ِ ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ٔآ ْﺻﺪَ َر اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻗَﺮ َار ِ�ﻦ آٓﺧ ََﺮ ِ�ﻦ �ُ َ ِﳬّﻼ ِن اﻟ َﻘﺮ َار ا ٔ� �و َل‪ ،‬وﻫﲈ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ْ -‬‬
‫ﺮﰊ �ﲆ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ ا �ٕﻻ إذا ا ْﺷ�ﳤَ َﺮ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﯾُﻔﻀ� ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ اﻟ َﻌ �‬
‫ﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ِة اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ََﻄ َﻘ ْﺖ ﲠﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﰟ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب �ﲆ �‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﯾُ َﻨﻄ ُﻖ �ﻻ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِﻘ ِﺔ و َﺣ َﺮ َص �ﲆ �ﻟْ ِﱱا ِم ﲠﺎ ﻓ� ٔأﺧ َْﺮ َ�ﻪ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْﻤ َﺴ َﻚ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ﺑ َﻘﺮارا ِﺗﻪ �‬
‫�ﺎت ِ�ﻠﻤ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٍ‬

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‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ا�ٓﺧ َُﺮ ﯾُ ِﲈر ُس‬ ‫ٔآ �ﻣﺎ ا�ﺎﻣ ُﻊ ا ٔ�ﺧﺮى ﻓبﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ﯾَﺘ� ِ� ُﺬ ﻗَﺮار ٍات �ٕ�ﺎز ِة اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ َﲻﻠ �ﯿﺎ؛ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪُ �ل �ﲆ إ�ﺎزِﺗﻪ �؛ ﻓﺎ �ٕن َﻣﺠ َﻤ َﻊ ﺑَﻐﺪا َد ﻗ ِﺪ � َاﲣﺬ ﻗَﺮ ًارا �ٕ�ﺎز ِة‬ ‫اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮ َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ِﲷﻨ �ﯿﺎ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫�ﻼل ﻗﺮار ِﻩ ا�ٓﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺎظ ا ٔ�ﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾَأٔﰐ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺘﻌﲈل ا ٔ� ِ‬‫�َﺮى الﻠ�ﺠﻨ ُﺔ ٔأ ْن �ُﺮاﻋﻰ ﻋﻨﺪَ اﺳ ِ‬
‫اﺧتﻼف ﻧ ُﻄ ِﻘﻬﺎ �لﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﲺﻤ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫رﰟ ا ٔ� ِ‬‫ُﻄﻖ ﰲ ْ ِ‬
‫ٔأ‪َ ُ� -‬ﺮ �ﺟ ُﺢ ٔأﺳﻬَ ُﻞ ﻧ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻄﻖ ّ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺮ ِب َور ِﲰﻪ ِﻟ َﯿت � ِﺴ َﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫اﳌﺼ َﻄﻠ ِﺢ �‬ ‫ُﻄﻖ ْ‬‫ﻐﯿﲑ ﰲ ﻧ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘ� ِ‬ ‫ب‪ -‬ا ُ‬
‫ٕ�ﺪاث ِ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﲅ ﯾُﺼ ِﺪ َرا ﻗَﺮ ًارا رﲰ �ﯿﺎ �ٕ�ﺎز ِة اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﰷن واﲵًﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ َﻣ ْﺠ َﻤﻌﺎ َ �ﲻ َﺎن و ِد َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﻋﻨﺪَ ُﺻﻌﻮﺑ ِﺔ إﳚﺎ ِد ِ‬
‫اﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫َﲻ ِﻞ اﳌ َ ْﺠﻤ َﻌﲔِ و ُﻣﲈرﺳﺎﲥِ ﲈ اﻟﻌ َﻤﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻟَ َ�أٔ اﳌ َ ْﺠ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎن لﻠﺘ�ﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ لﻠ ُﻤﺼﻄﻠَ ِﺢ ا ٔ� ّ‬
‫ﺟنﱯ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴬورة ‪-‬‬‫ﯾﺐ ﻋﻨﺪَ �‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‪ :‬ا �ٕن ا�ﺎﻣ َﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﻗﺪ ٔأ َﲨ َﻌﺖ �ﲆ إ�ﺎز ِة اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮ ِ‬‫وﺑَﺬا ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ُ‬
‫ﺳﻮا ٌء ﺑ َﻘﺮارﲥِ ﺎ اﳌﻜتﻮﺑ ِﺔ ٔأو ُﻣﲈرﺳﺎﲥِ ﺎ اﻟﻌ َﻤﻠ �ﯿﺔ‪� -‬ﰒ إﳖ� ﻢ َﳜﺘ ِﻠﻔﻮن ﰲ ﻣﻌﲎ �‬
‫"اﻟﴬورة"‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌَﺠﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﻗﻀﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ِﻼت اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﯿﺎر ُﻣﻘﺎﺑ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُﺮ َق اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﺘ�� َُﺬ ﰲ ا ْﺧ ِت ِ‬ ‫َ� �ﺪ َد اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ �‬
‫ﺣيﺚ ا ٔ� ْوﻟﻮﯾ � ُﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗيﺐ ِﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ِ‬‫�ْ‬
‫ﻐﻮي واﻟ ِﻌ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮﰊ الﻠ � ِ ّ‬‫ﺮﰊ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﱰ ِاث اﻟ َﻌ ِ ّ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �و ًﻻ‪ :‬ا ْﺧ ِت ُﯿﺎر ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ َﻋ ٍ ّ‬
‫‪� -‬ﻧ ًﯿﺎ‪َ :‬اﻟﻮﺿْ ُﻊ اﳉَﺪﯾﺪُ ‪ ،‬و ٔأﻧ ُْﲈﻃﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮﲨ ُﺔ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ﲟُﺮا ِد ِﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ٔأو َو ْﺻ ِﻔﻬﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ َ َﲻ ِﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ �ا�ي ﯾُ ِ ّ ُ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ � -‬ﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫ﺑﲔ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳉَﺪﯾ ِﺪ واﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﻮ ُز ﲟُﺮا�ﺎ ِة ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ اﻟ َﻌﻼﻗ ِﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� �‬
‫‪ِ � -‬ﻟﺜ ًﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ْﺤﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬را ِﺑ ًﻌﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﲑا ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﻗ ِيﺴ ِﺔ‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ َﻓﻮﺿَ َﻊ َﻛ ً‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُﺷ ِﻐ َﻞ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ‪ُ -‬ﻣ ْن ُﺬ ٕا�ْﺸﺎﺋِﻪ‪� -‬ﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺒﲑا‬ ‫ﴪ َوﺿْ َﻊ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﻗ َ َﱰ َﺣ ْﺖ ِﻟ�ﺎﻧ ُﻪ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ �َﺪَ دًا َﻛ ً‬ ‫واﻟ َﻘﻮا ِ� ِﺪ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُيَ ِ ّ ُ‬
‫ﻌﻮ�ت َ �ﲨ ًﺔ‬‫ِﻣﳯﺎ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ٕاﻧ �ﻪ اﺗ �ﻀَ َﺢ ٔ�ﻋْﻀﺎﺋِﻪ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻧ َ ّﯿ ٍِﻒ و ِﻋ ْﴩ َ�ﻦ �ﺎ ًﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺚ ٔأ �ن ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ُﺻ ٍ‬
‫دون َﳒ ِﺎ�ﻢ ﰲ َ� ِﻠ ّﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ و ِاﲵ ًﺔ ٔأﻣﺎ َم �ُﻠَﲈﺋِﻪ �ا��ﻦ �ﺎﻟَﺠﻮا ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ ُ ْﺸ ِﳫ َﺔ‪� ،‬ﺎﻟَ ْﺖ َ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﳖَ َ َﺾ َﺑﻮﺿْ ﻊ ِ ﺧ �ُﻄ ٍﺔ َﻣ ْﳯﺠ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِﻘ ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﲀن �ﲆ اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ ٔأن ﯾُﻌﯿﺪَ اﻟﻨ� َﻈ َﺮ ﰲ ﻗَﺮارا ِﺗﻪ �‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓﲔ‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻋْﻀﺎ ِء اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ اﳌ ُ َﺘﺒ ِّﺤﺮ َ�ﻦ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم‪ ،‬اﻟﻌﺎ ِر َ‬ ‫َ�ﺪﯾﺪ ٍة لﻠ ُﻤ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ٔآ ْ َﲪﺪ �ﲻﺎر‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْﺳ�ﺘﺎ ُذ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ﰷ ِﻣﻞ ُﺣ َﺴﲔ‪ ،‬وا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫�ﻟ ُﻔ ْﺼﺤﻰ وآٓداﲠِ ﺎ؛ ِﻣﳯﻢ‪ :‬ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻓﲔ ﺑﺬ� إﱃ ُﻣ�ﺎرا ِة ا�ﳯ� ْﻀ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻐﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ�ﺎرا ِة‬ ‫و�ﲑﱒ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎ ِد َ‬ ‫ﻬﺎﰊ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ �‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﻔﻰ ِ ّ‬
‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ﺧَﺼﺎﺋِ ِﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و � َاﲡﻬﻮا ﰲ ذ�‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻟﻨَﻈﺎ�ِ ِﺮﻫﺎ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ ِ ّ‬‫اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎرﺿَ ﲔِ ‪ ،‬وﻫﲈ‪:‬‬ ‫ِ ّاﲡﺎﻫَﲔِ ُﻣتَﲀ ِﻣﻠَﲔِ ﻻ ُﻣتَ ِ‬

‫‪٦٦‬‬
 ‫اﻟﱰﲨ َﺔ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺣﻮال‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ﻻ ﯾَﻤﻨَ ُﻊ � ْ‬ ‫�ﲡﺎ ُﻩ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ :‬ﯾُ ْﺆ ِ� ُﺮ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺣﻮال‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰﲨ َﺔ ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ﻻ ﯾَﻤﻨَ ُﻊ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫�ﲡﺎ ُﻩ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﯾُﺆ ِ� ُﺮ � ْ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ ٔأ �و ًﻻ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﲡﺎ ُﻩ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِﻘ َﺔ ﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َوﺿَ َﻊ اﻟ َﻘﺮار ِات �‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ﰷ ِﻣﻞ ُﺣ َﺴﲔ؛ ْ‬ ‫�ﲡﺎ َﻩ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ﯾ َ َﱱ � ُﰪ ﻫﺬا ِ ّ‬
‫�ﺎت اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱪ ﳑ�ﺎ َﻇﻨ�ﻪ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ُء؛ إذ‬ ‫الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ َﻣ َ� �ﻞ اﻟﻨ� َﻈ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ور ٔأى ٔأ �ن ُﻣ ْﺸ ِﳫ َﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﲈت‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ئﺎت َ ِ‬‫�ﺎت ٔأ �ن ُﻣ ْﺸ ِﳫﳤَ ﺎ ﻻ ﺗَ ْﻌﺪو اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ َﺚ ﻋﻦ ِﻣ ِ‬ ‫ُﺧ ِيّ َﻞ إ�ﳱﻢ ٔأ �و َل َﻋﻬْ ِﺪﱒ �ﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﻣﲔ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫وﻇﻨ�ﻮا ٔأ �ن ا ٔ� ْﻗﺪَ َ‬ ‫ئﺎت �أﺧﺮى‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِﻣ ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﻻ �ﺑِﺘ ًﺔ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ �ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﳯﺎ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُ َﻌ �ﺪ ٔأ ً‬
‫ﺻﻮل‪ ،‬ﻓ ُت ْﺼﺒ ُِﺢ اﳌ ُ ْﺸ ِﳫ ُﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻬ ِْﻞ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺗ� ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫�ﺻ ِﻄﻼحِ‪ ،‬و ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫َﻋ َﺮﻓﻮا ٔأﺻﻮ َل ْ‬
‫ﺌﻮن ِﻣﻦ ﻧَﻮاحٍ ِ�ﺪ�ة‪:‬‬ ‫وﱒ ﰲ َﻇ ِ ّﳯﻢ ﻫﺬا ُﻣﺨ ِْﻄ َ‬ ‫ﻗَﺮﯾﺒ َﺔ اﳊَ ِ ّﻞ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬
‫�ﺎت ٔأﻗَ �ﻞ ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُث ﰲ ﺗ� اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم‪.‬‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ن ﻣﺎ ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ ْﺼ َﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت‬ ‫ﺜﲑا ِﻟﻘﻠ � ِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِم ا ِﺗ ّﺒﺎعِ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﲔ ﻟﻦ ﯾُﻔيﺪَ � َﻛ ً‬ ‫ﰷن َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ا ٔ� ْﻗﺪَ َ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ن ﻣﺎ َ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َﳚ َﻌ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ واﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﺠﻲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻼف اﳌ َ ْﳯ ّ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎﺻﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ﻣ َﻊ � ْﺧ ِت ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ ِﻧﻈﺎ ًﻣﺎ �‬
‫�ﺎﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎت اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ واﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ ُﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻻت اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َﻣ ْﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ�ﻄﺎﺑُ َﻖ ْ َ‬
‫�ﺎت‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ؛ ٔ� �ن َﻃﺒﯿﻌ َﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻲ ﻻ �َﳬُ ُﻦ ﰲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺚ ﻋﻦ ٔأﻟْ ٍ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣ ْﺸ ِﳫ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِﺢ اﻟ ِﻌ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻄﻮ ِر اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم‪ ،‬وﱔ ﺗَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ ﻣﺎ ﰲ �ر ِﱗ اﻟ ِﻌ ِﲅ ِﻣﻦ ﺻﻮ ٍاب ٔأو‬ ‫َﲡ َﻌﻠُﻬﺎ ﺻﻮر ًة ﺣي� ًﺔ ﻟ َﺘ �‬
‫ﻜﲑ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ اﻟﺘ� ْﻔ ِ‬‫ﺠﺰ �أ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ِ‬ ‫ﺧ ََﻄ ٍأٔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٌء ﻻ ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫ﺑﲔ َﺳﻼﻣ ِﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺣي ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ﰷ ِﻣﻞ ُﺣ َﺴﲔ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﳚ ُِﺐ ٔأن ﻧ ّ ُِﻔﺮ َق ْ َ‬ ‫و�َﺮى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ا ٔ� َدﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ َوﺳﻼﻣﳤِ ﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺣي ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ َﻓﺴﻼﻣﳤُ ﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﺣي ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻻ ﺗَ َﺘﻌﻠ � ُﻖ ‪-‬ﻛﲈ اﻫ َ �ْﱲ‬
‫ﻔﺎت اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫لﻠﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﺪار ُﻣﻄﺎﺑَﻘﳤِ ﺎ ّ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﯿﻎ ِ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ﺗَ َﺘﻌﻠ � ُﻖ ﲟِ ْﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ -‬ﺑ ُﻘ ْﺮﲠِ ﺎ ٔأو ﺑُ ْﻌ ِﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ّ ِ‬ ‫ا ٔ� �و َ‬
‫ﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻒ اﻟ ِﻌ ّ‬ ‫واﻟﺘ� ْﺼ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻃﺮﯾﻘ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮل �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ر ٔأى ٔأ �ن �َ ْﺮﲨ َﺔ ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﴎ َﳒﺎحِ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِﺢ �َﳬُ ُﻦ ﰲ ﻏَﺮاﺑ ِﺘﻪ وﺑُ ْﻌ ِﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ اﳌُتَﺸﺎ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬ ‫�ﲑ َﻣ ْﻘبﻮ ٍ� َﻋ ْﻘ ًﻼ ٔأو ِ�ﻠ ًﻤﺎ؛ ٔ� �ن ِ �‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫‪٦۷‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�َ ْﺮﲨ ُﺘﻪ ﺗَﺬﻫ َُﺐ ﲟَﲒا ِﺗﻪ ِﳇّﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ َﻃﺮ َﯾﻖ ﻟﻨﺎ ا �ٕﻻ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﴬور ِة‬ ‫ﺒﺎح ا �ٕﻻ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ُﻣ ْﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ﻻ �ُﺮﯾﺪُ ٔأن َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ﺠﻮء لﻠﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﻻ َﳚ َﻌ ُﻞ الﻠ � َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﻓﻬﻮ ‪-‬ﰲ ر ٔأﯾِﻪ‪ -‬ﻛﲈ ﯾﲇ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳊﺎﳈ ُﺔ َﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘ ِﺔ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺼﻮى‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ اﻟ َﻘﻮا ِ�ﺪُ ِ‬
‫داﻻ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﲄ‪� ،‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ َ�ﺳ�ﯿ ّ‬ ‫�ﺎﺻﺎ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻲ ُ� ِﻠ َﻖ َ�ﻠْ ًﻘﺎ َ�ﺪﯾﺪً ا �‬ ‫ﰻ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٍﺢ ِ� ّ ٍ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ْﯿﺎن‪َ -‬و َﺟ َﺐ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾ ُﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﰷ�ٔ�ﺴ�ﲔِ ‪ ،‬وا ٔ�ﯾﺪرو�ﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫�َ ْ ٍﲔ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬
‫ﲄ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ َ�ﺳ�ﯿ ّ‬ ‫�ﺎﺻﺎ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻲ ُ� ِﻠ َﻖ َ�ﻠْ ًﻘﺎ َ�ﺪﯾﺪً ا �‬ ‫ﰻ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٍﺢ ِ� ّ ٍ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫�ﺎص‪َ -‬و َﺟ َﺐ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾ ُﺒﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْنﺰﱘ‪ ،‬وا ��ﯾُﻮن؛ ٔ� �ن ِﻣث َﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻲ ّ ٍ‬ ‫َﺼﻮ ٍر ِ� ّ ٍ‬ ‫داﻻ �ﲆ ﺗ �‬ ‫�‬
‫ﺣيﺚ ﱔ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٌﺢ ِ� ّ‬
‫ﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎت ﻟﻮ �ُ ْﺮ ِ َﲨ ْﺖ َذ َﻫ َﺒ ْﺖ ﻗﳰﳤُ ﺎ ِﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫نﺎس‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻒ �ﺎ ٍّم‪َ ،‬و َﺟ َﺐ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾ ُﺒﻪ‪ْ �ٔ ،‬ﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬ ‫بﲔ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٌء ِﻣﻦ ﺗ َْﺼ ٍ‬ ‫ﰻ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٍﺢ ﯾ َ َﺘ � ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﺳﻠْ ِﺴ ِ� اﳌَﻮا ِ ّد اﳌُتَﺸﺎﲠِ ِﺔ �ﳰﯿﺎﺋ �ﯿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎت‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫وا ٔ�ﻧْﻮاعِ ﰲ اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان واﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ ‪ِ -‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬اﳌَﻨﺎ� ِﺔ ‪ ،Immunity‬واﻟ َﻜ ْب ِﺖ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ﻣﺎ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ُ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ا�� ْﻛﺴ�ﲔِ ‪َ -‬ﻣث ًَﻼ‪ٔ -‬أ �ن‬ ‫‪ -Refoulement‬ﻓ ُت َﱰ َﺟ ُﻢ ﺑﻼ ٔأدْﱏ َﺷ ّﻚ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ ُق ﺑيْﳯَ ﺎ و ْ َ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ اﳌَﻨﺎ� ُﺔ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫�ﲑ ٔأن ﻧ َﻌ ِﺮ َف ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺴ�ﲔ ﯾُﻔﻬَ ُﻢ وﺗ َُﻌﺮ ُف َﺧﻮ �اﺻﻪ ﳇ�ﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ا�� ْﻛ َ‬
‫دون َﻣ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻟﻌﺎ ّم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗُﻔﻬَ ُﻢ َ‬
‫اﻟﱰﲨ ُﺔ ٔأ �و ًﻻ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﲡﺎ ُﻩ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ْ � :‬‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫�ﺎو ِ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫�ﲡﺎ ِﻩ ُﻣ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﺟ َﺮ ْت ﰲ ﻫﺬا ِ ّ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ّ‬
‫ﻬﺎﰊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﻔﻰ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺒﺎت واﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َم ﲠﺎ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎل �ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ��وﱃ‪ :‬ﰲ َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ٔأ ْ َﲪﺪ �ﲻﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎل اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم ا ِّﻟﻄ ِ ّﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َم ﲠﺎ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺜ�ﺎ ِﻧﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﰲ َﻣ ِ‬

‫‪٦۸‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎ ّﰊ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﻔﻰ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺒﺎت واﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان �ﻟ� ْﻛ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎل �ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫�ﺎو ُ� ا ��وﱃ‪ :‬ﰲ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ ُ َ‬
‫اﳋﺎص ِّ‬
‫�ﲁ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻲ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ اﻟ ِﻌ ّ ِ‬‫ﻬﺎﰊ ﻣﺎ ِﻧ ًﻌﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٔأن ﯾُﻨَ �ﺺ �ﲆ � ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ �‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﻔﻰ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻻ �َﺮى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﳊﺎ�ﺎت ُﻃ �ﻼ ِب اﻟ ِﻌ ِﲅ واﳌ ُ ْﺨ ّ ِﺘﺼ َﲔ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﰟ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ؛ ُﻣﺮا�ﺎ ًة‬ ‫َﺒﺎت ٔأو َﺣ َيﻮ ٍان إﱃ �ﺎ ِﻧ ِﺐ � ِ‬ ‫ﻧ ٍ‬
‫ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰟ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ﳑ�ﺎ ﻻ ﯾُﻮ َ�ﺪُ � ا ٌ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﯾ َ َﺘ� �ﺪ ُد ﰲ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم ٔأو ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫و�َﺮى ٔأ �ن َﻣ�ﺎ َل اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑﺬ�‬ ‫ٔأو ﱂ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ْﻦ �َ ْﺮﲨ ُﺘﻪ �َ ْﺮﲨ ًﺔ ﺳﺎﺋِﻐ ًﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ﻓ� �َﺪا ذ� ﻓﻼ َﻣ�ﺎ َل ﻓيﻪ لﻠﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴬور ِة‪ ،‬اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ ٔأ �ﻻ‬ ‫ﻌﲈل اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �‬ ‫ﯾُﻄ ّﺒ ُِﻖ ﻗَﺮ َار َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ َﲻﻠ �ﯿﺎ َﲜﻮ ِاز ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �َ ْﺮﲨ ُﺘﻪ ﺳﺎﺋِﻐﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ َﻦ إﳚﺎ ُد ُﻣﻘﺎﺑ ٍِﻞ َﻋﺮ ٍ ّﰊ �‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻣﺎ ﻻ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ٔأ ْ َﲪﺪ �ﲻﺎر‪:‬‬‫�ﺎل اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم ا ِّﻟﻄ ِ ّﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﻟ� ْﻛ ِ‬‫�ﺎو ُ� اﻟﺜ�ﺎﻧﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﰲ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ ُ َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‪:‬‬‫�ﺎت ا ِّﻟﻄ ِ ّﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و �ا�ي ﯾَﺘ� ِﺼ ُﻞ ِﻣﳯﺎ �ﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َوﺿَ َﻊ ﺧ �ُﻄ ًﺔ ﰲ َﺻ ْﻮغِ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �ﲆ ِﻣ ْنﻮالٍ َﻋﺮ ّﰊ‪َ ،‬ﺟ ْﺮ ً� �ﲆ اﳌَﺒﺪَ ِٔأ اﻟﻘﺎﺋِﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲝﯿﺚ ُ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ُ‬ ‫�َﺮى اﻟﺘ� َﻮ �ﺳ َﻊ ﰲ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺮب ﻓﻬﻮ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗيﺲ �ﲆ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫�‬
‫ُﺘﻮ� ﻓيﻪ ا ِﳋﻔ� ُﺔ ﻻ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ َﻘ ُﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓ َي ِﺠ ُﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﴬور ِة‪ ،‬و ٔأن ﺗ �‬ ‫ﻀﯿﺎت �‬ ‫ﯾﺐ �ﲆ ُﻣ ْﻘتَ ِ‬ ‫ﴫ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫�َﺮى ﻗَ ْ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻘﺎق؛ ﰷﳌُﺮﻛ� ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ إذا ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْﻌ َﺼ ْﺖ �َ ْﺮﲨ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِﺢ �َ ْﺮﲨ ًﺔ ُﻣﻼﺋِﻤ ًﺔ َﺑﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫�ﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ُﻣ ْﻘتَ ًﴣ ﺑﺼﻮر ٍة ِ� ْﺴبي� ٍﺔ ﰲ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬‫اﻟﻜﳰﯿﺎﺋ �ﯿ ِﺔ ا�� ﻗيﻘ ِﺔ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﻘي ِﺪ‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫�ﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ِ� �ﺎﻟَﻤ �ﯿﺎ‪ْ �ٔ ،‬ﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْدوﯾ ِﺔ واﳌُ� َ َْﱰ ِ‬ ‫ﰻ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﳌُﺘ� َﻔ ِﻖ �ﻠﳱﺎ ﰲ ِ ّ‬
‫ﻓﻼ َﺣ َﺮ َج ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ ٔأو �َ ْﺮﲨﳤِ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻘﴫ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﯾُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ًﻼ َﺣ ْﺮﻓي�ﺎ ٔأو ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ �َﺮى ٔأ �ن ﻧ َ ْﻘ َﻞ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎق ا �ٕﻻ إن ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك َﴐور ٌة ﺗَﻤﻨَ ُﻊ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴬور ِة‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ ﻓأٔ ْن ﺗُﻨ َﻘ َﻞ �ﻻ ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫�ﲆ �‬

‫‪٦۹‬‬
 ‫ﯾﺐ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ْﻌﺼﺎ ُء �َ ْﺮﲨ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِﺢ اﻟ ِﻌ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎح اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴬور ِة �ا�ي ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ َ� �ﺪ �‬
‫ﻘﺎق ﻓﻬﻮ ٔأن ﯾَنْ َبﻮ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق‪ ،‬و ٔأ �ﻣﺎ َ�ﺪ�ﻫﺎ �ا�ي ﯾُﻤﻨَ ُﻊ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻩ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬ ‫�َ ْﺮﲨ ًﺔ ُﻣﻼﺋِﻤ ًﺔ َﺑﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫�ﺻ ِﻄﻼحِ اﳊَﺪﯾﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯿﺎت ْ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ُﺢ اﳌُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ﻋﻦ ُﻣ ْﻘتَﻀَ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺬ�ﻦ‬‫�ﺎت ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ﻬﺎﰊ ٔأن � َ ْﺴ� َﺘ� ِﻠ َﺺ ﻗَﻮا ِ�ﺪَ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ �‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ِ ّ‬ ‫�ﺎو َل ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫‪ْ -‬‬
‫وﺳﺎر �ﲆ ﳖَ ْ ِﺠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﱔ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﲡﺎﻫَﲔِ ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻗَﻮا ِ�ﺪُ ْارﺗَﻀﺎﻫﺎ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫‪َ َ -١‬ﲢ ّ ِﺮي ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ َﻋﺮ ٍ ّﰊ ﯾُﺆ ِ ّدي َﻣ ْﻌﲎ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻠﻤﻲ َ�ﺪﯾ ٌﺪ ﻻ ُﻣﻘﺎ ِﺑ َﻞ � ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻤﻲ َﻣ ًﻌﲎ ِ� �‬ ‫ﰷن لﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬إذا َ‬
‫لﻠﱰﲨ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ � ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﻘﺎ ِرب‪.‬‬ ‫ﰷن ﻗﺎﺑ ًِﻼ � ْ‬ ‫�ُ ِﺮﺟ َﻢ إن َ‬
‫�ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋِ ِﻞ اﳌ َ ْﺬ�ﻮر ِة َ َﲻﺪَ‬
‫ﺮﰊ َ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬إذا ﺗَﻌ �ﺬ َر �ﲆ اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻗ ِﻞ اﻟ ُﻜ ْﻒ ِء َوﺿْ ُﻊ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ َﻋ ٍ ّ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ُﻣﺮا ِﻋ ًﯿﺎ ﻗَﻮا ِ�ﺪَ ﻩ ﻗَ ْﺪ َر اﳌ ُ ْﺴ� َﺘﻄﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫إﱃ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳋُﻼﺻﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ا ْﺧتَﻠَﻔﻮا ﰲ ُ�ﺪو ِدﻩ‪ ،‬وﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫ﺛﻮن ﰲ اﳊﺎ� ِﺔ إﱃ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ثﻮن اﳌ ُ ْ�ﺪَ َ‬ ‫ﱂ َ ْﳜﺘ ِﻠ ِﻒ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ َ‬
‫دون ﻗَ ْي ٍﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ اﺗ � َﻔﻘﻮا �ﲆ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻻ ﯾَنْ َبﻐﻲ ا ْٕﻃﻼﻗُﻪ ا ْٕﻃﻼﻗًﺎ �ﺎ �ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ِتﻼ ِﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ ُ�ﺪو ِدﻩ ْ‬
‫�ﺎت‬ ‫ﲁ �ﺎ ٍّم‪ -‬ﱔ‪َ� :‬ﺪَ ُم ُوﺟﻮ ِد ﻣﺎ �ُﺮا ِدﻓُﻪ ﰲ �اﻟﱰ ِاث ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫و ُ�ﺪو ُد ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻘ ْي ِﺪ ‪�-‬ﺸَ ْ ٍ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﻓ� ﯾأٔﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﺎل اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﲢ �ﺪ َد َﻣ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ْﻌﺼﺎ ُء �َ ْﺮﲨ ِﺘﻪ �َ ْﺮﲨ ًﺔ ﺳﺎﺋِﻐ ًﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫داﻻ‬ ‫ﲄ �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ �ﺳ�ﯿ ٍ ّ‬ ‫�ﺎﺻﺎ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻲ ُ� ِﻠ َﻖ َ�ﻠْ ًﻘﺎ َ�ﺪﯾﺪً ا �‬ ‫ﰻ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٍﺢ ِ� ّ ٍ‬ ‫‪� -١‬‬
‫ْﯿﺎن‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪� :‬أ ْﻛﺴ�ﲔ‪ ،‬و َﻫﯿ ِْﺪ ُرو�ﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﲆ �َ ْ ٍﲔ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬
‫داﻻ‬ ‫ﲄ �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ �ﺳ�ﯿ ٍ ّ‬ ‫�ﺎﺻﺎ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻲ ُ� ِﻠ َﻖ َ�ﻠْ ًﻘﺎ َ�ﺪﯾﺪً ا �‬ ‫ﰻ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٍﺢ ِ� ّ ٍ‬ ‫‪� -٢‬‬
‫�ﺎص‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ٔ :‬أ ْنﺰﱘ و �أﯾُﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻲ ّ ٍ‬ ‫َﺼﻮ ٍر ِ�ﻠ ّ ٍ‬
‫�ﲆ ﺗ �‬
‫نﺎس وا ٔ�ﻧْﻮاعِ ﰲ اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻒ �ﺎ ٍّم‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﰻ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٍﺢ ﯾُ َﻌ �ﺪ ُﻋﻀْ ًﻮا ﰲ ﺗ َْﺼ ٍ‬ ‫‪� -٣‬‬
‫ﺒﺎت‪ ،‬و ِﻣث ُﻞ ِﺳﻠْ ِﺴ ِ� اﳌَﻮا ِ ّد اﳌُتَﺸﺎﲠِ ِﺔ �ﳰﯿﺎﺋِ �ﯿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻨ� ِ‬

‫‪۷۰‬‬
 ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ اﳌُﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ ‪-‬ﰷﳌَﻨﺎ� ِﺔ واﻟ َﻜ ْب ِﺖ‪ -‬ﻓﻼ َﻣ�ﺎ َل ﻟ َﺘ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ُ‬
‫ﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻀ� ﺎ ِﺑﻂِ ا ٔ� �و ِل واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ اﻟﻀ� ﺎ ِﺑﻂُ اﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِﻟ ُﺚ‬
‫ثﲔ �ﲆ ﺗ َْﻄ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ َ‬‫ﻼف ْ َ‬ ‫وﻟيﺲ ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ِ� ٌ‬
‫ﻘﻮن �ﲆ ﺗ َْﻄﺒﯿ ِﻘﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻮن ُﻣت� ِﻔ َ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم ﰷﻟﻜﳰﯿﺎ ِء‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ْﺠ َﻤﻌ �ﯿ َ‬
‫ﻼف ﰲ ﺗ َْﻄﺒﯿ ِﻘﻪ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ِ� َ‬
‫ﰟ ا ِﳉنْ ِﺲ ٔأو اﻟﻨ� ْﻮع‪ٔ ،‬أو ا ْﺳ� َﺘ َﻌﺼ ْﺖ �َ ْﺮﲨ ُﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰟ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ﻻ ِ‬ ‫�ُﻠﻮ ِم ا ٔ� ْﺣيﺎ ِء إذا ﱂ ﯾُﻮ َ� ْﺪ ا ٌ‬
‫�َ ْﺮﲨ ًﺔ ﺳﺎﺋِﻐﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۷۱‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺴﻤﻮا ﻓَﺮﯾﻘﲔِ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﻮ َل ﺗ� اﻟﻘﻀ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا َ‬ ‫اﺧتَﻠَﻔﺖ آٓرا ُء اﳌ َ ْﺠﻤﻌ ّﯿ َِﲔ ْ‬
‫وزان اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻣﳯﻢ ٔأﲪﺪُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻔﺮ ُﯾﻖ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪َ� :‬ﺮى َﴐور َة ٔأ ْن َﳜﻀَ َﻊ الﻠ�ﻔﻆُ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﻟ ٔ� ِ‬
‫ٕﺳﻜنﺪري و ُﺣ َﺴﲔ واﱄ ِﻣﻦ َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ِة‪ ،‬وﲪﯿﻞ َﻣﻼ�ﻜﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ‬ ‫�‬ ‫اﻻ‬
‫ﺑَﻐﺪادَ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﺟنﱯ �ﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ �ﻠﯿﻪ ﻋﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻔﺮ ُﯾﻖ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪َ� :‬ﺮى َﴐور َة إﺑﻘﺎ ِء الﻠ�ﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ِ ّ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ دَ�ﺎ إﱃ‬ ‫�ﺘﻐﺮ ً�؛ ﻣﳯﻢ ا ٔ�ﺳ�ﺘﺎ ُذ ﶊ�ﺪ ﺷﻮﰶ؛ ْ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣﺴ َ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﻻ َ‬ ‫دون ﺗَﻐﯿ ٍﲑ؛ �‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وﺑَﲎ َد ْﻋﻮﺗَﻪ �ﲆ ٔأ ْﻣ َﺮ ِ�ﻦ؛ ﻫﲈ‪:‬‬ ‫زان اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬‫�ﲑ ٔأ ْو ِ‬‫ﯾﺐ �ﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺟﻮ ِاز اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﲈت اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫زان َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫�ﲑ ٔأ ْو ِ‬ ‫ﲈت ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ �ﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب اﳋُﻠ � ِﺺ َ ِﳇ ٌ‬ ‫‪ٔ -١‬أﻧ �ﻪ ﻗﺪ َو َرد َْت ﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ��ﺎ ِة والﻠ�ﻐﻮﯾ ّ َِﲔ –ﻻ ﺳ� �ﯿﲈ اﻟﻨ� ْﺤﻮﯾ ّ َِﲔ‬ ‫‪ٔ -٢‬أ �ن ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ ‪-‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ُﻣتَﻘ ِّﺪﱊ اﻟﻨ��ﺎ ِة‪َ ْ -‬‬
‫ﻃﻮن‬ ‫ْﺪادي‪ -‬ﻻ � َْﺸ ِﱰ َ‬ ‫َﻔﺎ�‪ ،‬واﻟ َﺒﻐ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻬﺎب اﳋ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ ّ َِﲔ‪ ،‬ﰷ ِ�ﻦ ِ� ّ ِﺮي‪ ،‬و ٔأﰊ َﺣي� َﺎن‪ ،‬و ِ ّ‬
‫زان اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� َﻘي�ﺪَ ﺑأٔ ْو ِ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻮر ﳎﯿﺪ اﻟ َﻘيﴘ ِﻣﻦ َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ اﻟﻌﺮاق‪ ،‬و�َﺮى ٔأ �ن ذ� ُﳛﺎ ِﻓﻆُ‬ ‫وﺗ �َبﲎ ﻫﺬا �اﻟﺮ ٔأ َي ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ا�� ُ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ِ‬‫�ﲆ َﺳﻼﻣ ِﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺻﺎ ِ� الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﺟنﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ ِ‬
‫دون ٔأ ْن ﺗ َُﱰكَ ا�ﺎ َل‬ ‫ٕﺻﺪار ﻗَﺮ ٍار َ ُﳜ �ﺼﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا�ﺎﻣﻊ ِ ﺗ� اﻟﻘﻀ �ﯿ َﺔ � ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﺣ َﺴﻢ ُ‬
‫اﳌﴫي‪ ،‬ﻓﲀن ﻗَﺮ ُارﻩ‪) :‬ﯾُ َﻨﻄ ُﻖ‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫ﲝﺴ ِﺐ َر �أﯾِﻪ؛ ﳈَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﰻ َ‬ ‫ﺘﴫ َف �‬ ‫ٔ�ﻋﻀﺎﲛِ ﺎ ِﻟ َﯿ �‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮب(‪ ،‬وﻣﳯﺎ َﻣﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ﺑَﻐﺪادَ؛ ﺣيﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ِة اﻟﱵ ﻧ ََﻄ َﻘﺖ ﲠﺎ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺮ ِب �ﲆ �‬ ‫ﰟ �‬ ‫�ﻻ ِ‬
‫ُﻄﻖ اﳌﺼﻄﻠَ ِﺢ‬ ‫ﻐﯿﲑ ﰲ ﻧ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘ� ِ‬ ‫ٕ�ﺪاث ِ‬ ‫ٔأﺻﺪَ َرت ﳉﻨ ُﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻗَﺮ َارﻫﺎ ا�ٓ َﰐ‪ ...) :‬ا ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﰊ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻄﻖ ّ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺮ ِب َور ِﲰﻪ ِﻟ َﯿت � ِﺴ َﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫وﲻ َﺎن ﻓﲅ ﯾَﺼﺪُ ْر ﻋﳯﲈ ﻗَﺮ ٌار ﺑﺬ�‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﱂ ﯾَﺼﺪُ ْر ﻗَﺮ ٌار �ٕ�ﺎز ِة‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻖ َ �‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ َﻣ ْﺠ َﻤﻌﺎ ِد َ‬
‫ﻌﺎن ﰲ ذ�؛ ﺣيﺚ‬ ‫ﻌﺾ ا ٔ�ﻋﻀﺎ ِء ﻣﺎ اﺗ � َﺒ َﻌﻪ اﳌ َ ْﺠ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫�ﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﯾُﻔﻬَ ُﻢ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم ﺑ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ؛ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫‪۷۲‬‬
 ‫ﻜﻮن � َﻃ ْﺒ ٌﻊ ّ‬
‫ﻋﺮﰊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟنﱯ ﻟ َﯿ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻮر َﻣ ْﺤﻤﻮد ﲰﺮ َة ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻻ ﺑُ �ﺪ ِﻣﻦ َﲢﻮ� ِﺮ الﻠ�ﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ِ ّ‬ ‫ر ٔأى ا�� ُ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻖ �َﺮى ٔأ ْن ﯾُﺼﺎ َغ الﻠ�ﻔﻆُ ا ٔ� �‬
‫ﺟنﱯ ِﺻﯿﺎ� ًﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﻛﺘﻮر ﲨﯿﻞ ﺻﻠﯿﺒﺎ ِﻣﻦ َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ ِد َ‬ ‫و ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮب؛‬
‫وزان ِ‬ ‫ﺟنﱯ‪ ،‬وٕاﺧﻀﺎ�َﻪ ٔ� ِ‬ ‫�ﻟﻘﻮل‪ :‬ا �ٕن َﲢﻮ َ�ﺮ الﻠ�ﻔﻆِ ا ٔ� ِ ّ‬
‫اﳌﺴﺎر� ُﺔ ِ‬
‫�ﲆ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َ ِﳚ ُﺐ َ‬
‫َﻨﻔيﺬﻩ �ﲆ ا�ﺎ ِﻣﻊ ِ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ � َاﲡﻬَﺖ ا�ﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ إﱃ اﻟت�ﺴﺎﻫ ُِﻞ ﰲ ا ٔ�ﻣ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺮ َﺷ �ﻖ ﺗ ُ‬
‫�ﺒﻖ‪) :‬وﻟيْﺲ‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ الﻠ �ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻮر إ�ﺮاﻫﲓ َﻣ ْﺪ�ﻮر َر ِ‬
‫ﻗﻮل ا�� ِ‬‫ﯾَﺘ� ِﻀ ُﺢ ذ� ﰲ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺎظ �ﲆ ْﳓ ِﻮ ﻣﺎ ﰷﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ ،‬و ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑﺖ ِﻓ ًﻌﻼ ٔأ ٌ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ �ﲆ ٔأﺑْني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن اﻟﺘ�ﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺑِﻼز ٍم ٔأ ْن َ‬
‫ﺗ َُﻨﻄ ُﻖ ﺑﻪ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﺻﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌ ُﲅ ﻫﻮ �ُﺮ ُاث اﻻٕ�ﺴﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ َ ْﲨﻌ َﺎء‪َ ،‬ﳚ ُِﺐ ٔأ ْن ﯾُ َﻔﺴ َﺢ َﻣ ُ‬
‫�ﺎل‬
‫ﻟﻔﺎظ ﻛﲈ‬ ‫يﺴﲑ ٔأ ْن � ُﺴ َﻤ َﺢ ﺑتَبﺎد ُِل ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫يﴪ ُﺳ� ُﺒ�‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َو ِ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘ� ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ�ﺒﺎد ُِل ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْن ﺗُ � َ‬
‫ﻓﲀر واﳌﻌﺎﱐ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗَتبﺎد َُل ا ٔ� ُ‬

‫‪۷۳‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎء ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌُﻌﺮ‪‬ﺑﺔ‬

‫ﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء‬ ‫�ﺻﻒ ﰲ رﻓﻀﻬﻢ َﺟﻮ ِاز � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺪري وﺣﻔﲏ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن َﻣﻮ ِﻗ ُﻒ اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿ ِﺦ اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻜنْ ِ ّ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﴍف‪ ،‬وا�� ْﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﺘﻮر َ َ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ ‪-‬ﰷ�� ْﻛ ِ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ِء ُوﺻﻨ�ﺎعِ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ َ‬ ‫ْﯿﺎن اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ُﻣتَﺸ ِّﺪدًا‪� ،‬‬‫ا ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬
‫�ﺎب‬ ‫ﻘﺎق‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ َ‬ ‫ٔأ ْ َﲪﺪ �يﴗ ﻣﻦ ﶍﻊ دﻣﺸﻖ‪ٔ -‬أ َﺣ �ﺴﻮا �ﳊﺎ� ِﺔ إﱃ ِﻣ ِثﻞ ﻫﺬا � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫ْﯿﺎن اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬ ‫ِﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﳊﺎ� ِﺔ َﻓﺼﺪَ َر ﻗَﺮ ُار اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ ﰲ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫ﰟ اﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﺪ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب اﻟﺜ �ﻼ ِ ّﰔ �ﲆ َو ْز ِن )ﻓَ �ﻌﻞ( �ﻟت � ْﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ ُﻣتَ ِّﻌﺪ ً�‪،‬‬ ‫‪ُ� -١‬ﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ � ِ‬
‫وﻻز ُﻣﻪ )ﺗَ َﻔ �ﻌﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫�ﲑ اﻟﺜ �ﻼ ِ ّﰔ �ﲆ َو ْز ِن )ﻓَ ْﻌﻠَﻞ(‪ِ ،‬‬
‫وﻻز ُﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﰟ اﳉﺎ ِﻣﻊ ِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ� -٢‬ﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ � ِ‬
‫)ﺗَ َﻔ ْﻌﻠَﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫تﴫ �ﲆ اﳊﺎ� ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾُ َﻌﺮ ُض ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻮﺿَ ﻊ ِﻣنﻪ �ﲆ اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬وﰲ َﲨﯿﻊ ِ اﳌ ُ ْﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ِ‬
‫ﺎت ﯾُ ْﻘ َ ُ‬
‫لﻠﻨ� َﻈ ِﺮ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬
‫�ﻟﴬور ِة‪ ،‬وﱔ اﳊﺎ� ُﺔ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻫﺬا ﺗَﻀْ ﯿﯿﻖٌ ؛ إذ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق �‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗَي�ﺪَ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻫﻨﺎ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫يﲏ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ا ْٕﲮ ُﺎق اﳊُ َﺴ �‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ر ٔأى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗ َْﺪﻋﻮ اﳊﺎ� ُﺔ ﰲ اﳊَﯿﺎ ِة اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ إﱃ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫�ﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻨﺎء �ﻠﯿﻪ ِ� �ﺪ َة ﻗَﺮار ٍات ﰲ د َْور ِﺗﻪ اﻟﺜ�ﺎ ِﻧﯿ ِﺔ واﻟﺜ َ‬ ‫ر ٔأ ً� � َاﲣ َﺬ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ﺑ ً‬
‫ﻌﺎل اﻟ�ﱵ ٔأ ْو َردَﻫﺎ ا ٔ� ْﺳ�ﺘﺎ ُذ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ ُﺚ ﰲ ﻏُ ِ‬
‫ﻀﻮن َ ْﲝ ِﺜﻪ ُﻣ ْﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ًﺔ ٔأو َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ًة‬ ‫ﺣيﺚ ا ٔ�ﻓْ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬و ِﻣﻦ ُ‬
‫ﺮﰊ‪ ،‬وﺳﺎ َغ ﰲ ا �� ْو ِق‪،‬‬ ‫ﰠ َﺻ ْﻮ�ُﻪ اﻟ َﻌ �‬‫ﲈت ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪َ� ،‬ﺮى الﻠ � ْﺠﻨ ُﺔ ٔأ �ﻻ ﯾُ َﻘ �ﺮ ِﻣﳯﺎ ا �ٕﻻ ﻣﺎ َ �‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇ ٍ‬
‫ﻌﲈ� ﰲ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ واﻟﺘ�أٔ ِﻟﯿﻒ َﺑﻮ ْ� ٍﻪ �ﺎ ٍّم‪.‬‬ ‫وﺷﺎ َع ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫ﻌﺎل اﻟ�ﱵ‬ ‫ﻌﲈل ِﻣﻦ ﺗ� ا ٔ�ﻓْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬وﺗُﻮا ِﻓ ُﻖ الﻠ � ْﺠﻨ ُﺔ �ﲆ ٔأن ﯾُ ِﻘ �ﺮ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻣﺎ َﺟﺮى ﺑﻪ � ْﺳ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫ﯿﺢ‪ ،‬وﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺋِﻐًﺎ ﰲ ا �� ْو ِق‪،‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْو َردَﻫﺎ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ ُﺚ ﳌَﺠﻲ ِء ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎ ِﻗﻪ �ﲆ َو ْز ٍن َﻋﺮ ٍ ّﰊ َﲱ ٍ‬
‫ﻌﺎل ا�ٓ ِﺗﯿ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﱔ ا ٔ�ﻓْ ُ‬

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 ‫اﳋﺎﺻ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻘﲓ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘ ِﺔ �‬
‫‪ْ َ � -‬ﺴ َ َﱰ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ "� َ ْﺴ�ﺘﻮر" ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ �‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻠْ َﻮ َر‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺒﻠ � ْﻮ ِر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻠْﺸَ َﻒ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﺒﻠْﺸَ ﻔي� ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَﻠْ َﻔ َﻦ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺘّﻠﯿﻔﻮن‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴚ ِء ��آ�‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓَ ْ َﱪكَ ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ�ﺮ�ﻜﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌُﺮا ُد ُﺻ ْﻨ ُﻊ �‬
‫‪�َ -‬ب � َﺲ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ ا ِﳉ ْب ِﺲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻮا ِ ّد اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ِء‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ �ﰟ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ٔأﻗَ �ﺮ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛﻬ َْﺮ َب‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻜﻬ َْﺮ� ِء‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ْﯿﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﲅ‬‫ﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺳ َﻊ ﰲ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫وﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻘﺮ ِار ﺑﻌﺎ َﻣﲔِ ر ٔأى اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ اﻟﺘ� �‬
‫ﻣﺸﻖ وﺑَﻐﺪا َد َ �‬
‫وﲻ َﺎن‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻗَ �ﺮرﻩ‬ ‫�ﻟﴬورة‪ .‬وﻗ ِﺪ اﺗ � َﺒ َﻌﺖ ا�ﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ اﻟﺜ �ﻼﺛ ُﺔ ‪َ -‬ﻣ�ﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ ِد َ‬ ‫ﯾُﻘيّ ِْﺪ ُﻩ �‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮل ا�� ُ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﯿﺎن اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑﺔ؛ ُ‬‫�ﺘﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫َﻣﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ َﺟﻮ ِاز �ﺷ ِ‬
‫ﰟ ا ٔ� ّ ِ‬
‫ﲺﻤﻲ ﻓﺎﺋﺪ ٌة‪،‬‬ ‫�ﺘﻘﺎق ِﻣﻦ � ِ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻔﻰ َﺟﻮاد ِﻣﻦ َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ ﺑَﻐﺪادَ‪) :‬ﻓﺎٕذا ﰷن ﰲ �ﺷ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺑأٔ َس �ٕﺗﯿﺎ ِﻧﻪ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌُﻌﺮ‪‬ﺏ ﻭﺍﳌُﻮﻟﱠﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻣ‪‬ﺠﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻠّﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬

‫اﳌﻮ� وا�� ﺧيﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻟﺜ �ﻼﺛ ِﺔ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب و � ِ‬ ‫اﺧتَﻠَﻔﺖ ا�ﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ الﻠ�ﻐﻮﯾ ُﺔ ﰲ ﺗَﻌﺮﯾ ِﻔﻬﺎ لﻠ ُﻤﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت اﻟﺜ �ﻼﺛ ِﺔ ﰲ‬‫�ﺎء ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ُﯾﻒ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫�ﺘﻔﺎض ﻓﳱﺎ َﻣﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة؛ ﺣيﺚ َ‬ ‫اﺳ َ‬
‫ُﻣ ِّﻘﺪﻣ ِﺔ )اﳌُﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ َاﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿﻂ( �ا�ي ٔأﺧ َْﺮ َ�ﻪ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ْﺤ ِﻮ ا�ٓﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮب �ﻟﻨ� ْﻘ ِﺺ ٔأو ّ ِاﻟﺰ�د ِة ٔأو اﻟ َﻘﻠْﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب‪ :‬ﻫﻮ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَ �ﱯ �ا�ي �َ � َﲑﻩ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫)�ﺣ ِت�ﺎج(‪.‬‬‫ﴫ ّ ِاﻟﺮواﯾ ِﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﻮ�‪ :‬ﻫﻮ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ �ا�ي ا ْﺳ� َﺘﻌ َﻤ َ� اﻟﻨ� ُﺎس ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﻋ ْ ِ‬‫‪ -٢‬اﳌ ُ � ُ‬
‫دون ﺗَ ْﻐﯿ ٍﲑ‪ ،‬ﰷ�� ْﻛﺴ�ﲔِ واﻟ ِﺘّﻠﯿﻔﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ا�� ﺧي ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَ �ﱯ �ا�ي َد َ� َﻞ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ َ‬
‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ا ْﺳ� ُﺘﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗ �ﺪ َم َﺷ ْﻮﰶ ٔأﻣﲔ ُﻣ ْﻘ َﱰ َح ﻗَﺮ ٍار إﱃ اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊِ‪ ،‬ﻧ �َﺼﻪ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب �‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ر ٔأى ٔأن َﳜ َﺘ �ﺺ‬ ‫ﺮب ٔأو ﱂ ﺗُﻠ َﺤ ْﻖ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ٔأ ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺳﻮا ٌء �أﻟْ ِﺤ َﻘ ْﺖ ﺑأٔﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻟْ ٍ‬
‫ﻐﲑ‪ ،‬وا ْ� َ َﱰ َض �ﲆ ﺗَ ْﻔ ِﺮﻗ ِﺔ اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ‬ ‫�ﲁ ﻣﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ ٔأو َ�ﺪﯾﺜًﺎ‪َ ّ ِ ُ� ،‬ﲑ ٔأم ﱂ ﯾُ � ْ‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻔﻆُ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ِّ‬
‫ﺧيﻞ‪ ،‬و ٔ�ﳖ� ﻢ‬‫ﺑﲔ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ َﺤ ِﻲ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب وا�� ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء ﱂ ﯾُ ّ ِﻔﺮﻗﻮا ْ َ‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻟﺜ �ﻼﺛ ِﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﰷن ٔأم ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺣ ِت�ﺎجِ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺼﻮر ْ‬ ‫ﻮ� ﻣﺎ �َﺸَ أ� ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُﻋ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻋ َﺘ َﱪوا اﳌ ُ � َ‬
‫ﻘﺎء �ﲆ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﲔ ا ٕﻻﺑْ َ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌ ُ ْﻌ َ ِﱰ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ُﻣ ْﺆﺗَ َﻤ َﺮ اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ ﱂ ﯾُﻮا ِﻓ ْﻖ �ﲆ ُﻣ ْﻘ َ َﱰ ِ�ﻪ‪ ،‬ور ٔأى ُ‬ ‫�‬
‫ْاﺻ َﻄ َﻠﺢ �ﻠﯿﻪ َاﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿﻂ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎﺑﺔُ ﺍﻷﻋ‪‬ﻼﻡِ ﺍﻷﺟ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﳌُﺼ‪‬ﻄﻠَﺤﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻠﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﳌُﻌﺮ‪‬ﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﲝ‪‬ﺮﻭﻑ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺮﺑﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪‬‬
‫رﰟ ُﺣﺮو ِﻓﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﳌ ُ ْﻘ َﱰحِ ْ ُ‬ ‫نﺎﱑ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻧ َتي� ًﺔ ﻟ َﺘﻌ �ﺪ ِد الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﺿْ َﻄ َﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ َﻣ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻐﺎت َ�ﺪﯾﺜ ًﺔ ﰷﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ واﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ﻗَﺪﳝ ًﺔ ﰷﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ و �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني�ﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫َﺳﻮا ٌء ٔأﰷﻧ َﺖ ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺳ�ﺘ َﻘ �ﺮ َﻣﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ِة �ﲆ َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘﺮار ِات ٔأ ْر َﺳ ْﺖ َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ًﺔ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﺒﺎ ِدئِ ﰲ ُﻃ ُﺮ ِق اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎت‬ ‫�ﺎص وا ٔ�ﻣﺎ ِﻛ ِﻦ واﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺗُﻄ �ﺒ ُﻖ ﻗَﻮا ِ�ﺪُ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﲆ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْﺷ ِ‬
‫اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ ﲟ َ ِﲋ ِ� ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼم‪.‬‬
‫ﲝﺴ ِﺐ ﻧ ُْﻄ ِﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ َﻣﻮ ِﻃﳯِ ﺎ‪ ،‬وٕاذا ﱂ ﯾُ َﻌﺮ ْف ﻧ ُْﻄ ُﻘﻬﺎ ُر ِ َﲰ ْﺖ �ﲆ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ُﺔ َ‬‫ﺮﰟ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ُ� -٢‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ اﳌ َ ْﺸﻬﻮرة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴ ِﺐ ﻣﺎ ا ْﺷ�ﳤَ َﺮ ْت ﺑﻪ ﰲ إ�ﺪى الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫�ﺎص ُﳜﺎ ِﻟ ُﻒ ﻧ ُْﻄ َﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺑﻘ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ُم اﻟ�ﱵ ا ْﺷ�ﳤَ َﺮت ﺑ ُﻨ ْﻄ ٍﻖ ّ ٍ‬ ‫‪ْ ُ � -٣‬ﺴ� َﺘثْﲎ ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﺒﺎ ِدئِ �‬
‫ﻼﻃﻮن وﻋ َْﺴ َﻘ َ‬
‫ﻼن واﻟ ُﺒ ْﻨﺪُ ﻗي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻣﻮ ِﻃﳯِ ﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ٔأﻓْ َ‬
‫ﺳﲔ‪َ ،‬ﳛ ُﺴ ُﻦ ٔأن‬ ‫ﻟ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ و�َﺸ�ﯿ َﻊ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ا�� ا ِر َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ُة اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬إﱃ ٔأن � َ ْﺴ� َﺘ ِﻘ �ﺮ �‬
‫ﻮﺳﲔِ ﺻﻮرﲥُ ﺎ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻗَ َ‬ ‫�ُﻜتَ َﺐ ﻣ َﻌﻬﺎ ْ َ‬
‫وﺗَ َﺘﻠﺨ ُ�ﺺ اﻟ َﻘﻮا ِ�ﺪُ اﻟ�ﱵ ٔآﻗَ �ﺮﻫﺎ اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ﰲ ا�ٓﰐ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛﻨ ِﺔ‬ ‫ُﺮوف �‬ ‫ﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮز اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻮ ِا� ُﻪ َﴐور َة اﻟﺘ� ْﻌ ُ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻮ ِات و �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻌﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺒﺎ ٍء‬ ‫ﻣﻮز َ�ﺪﯾﺪ ٍة ا �ٕﻻ ﰲ َﺣ ْﺮﻓَﲔِ ﺳﺎ ِﻛﻨَﲔِ ؛ ﻫﲈ‪ ،(p) :‬وﯾُ � ُ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ دا ِﻋ َﻲ ُﻟﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﻘﺎط‪.‬‬‫ﻼث ِﻧ ٍ‬ ‫ﻌﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻔﺎ ٍء ﻓَﻮﻗَﻬﺎ ﺛَ ُ‬ ‫ﻘﺎط‪ (v) ،‬وﯾُ � ُ‬ ‫ﻼث ِﻧ ٍ‬ ‫ﲢﳤَ ﺎ ﺛَ ُ‬
‫ﻮﺻ ُﻞ إﱃ‬ ‫ُﺮوف اﻟ�ﱵ ﻻ ﺗ َُﻨﻄ ُﻖ ﰲ ﻟُﻐﺎﲥِ ﺎ‪ ،‬وﯾُ َﺘ �‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻻ �ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻚ �‬ ‫ﺸﲁ َﲝ َﺮﻛ ِﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻫﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﺑ َﺘ ْﺤﺮ ِ‬ ‫�ﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛ ِﻦ ﰲ ٔأ �و ِل اﻟ َﻌ َ ِﲅ ﺑأٔ ِﻟﻒ َو ْﺻ ٍﻞ � ُ � ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ْﻄ ِﻖ �‬
‫)اﺳ ِﱰاﺗْ ُﻔ ْﻮرد(‪ ،‬و)�ﻮاﱊ ِﻧﯿ ْﻜ ُﺮوﻣﺎ(‪ ،‬وﯾُ َﱰكُ ذ� لﻠ ِﺤ ِّﺲ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ّﰊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓيﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﺣﺴ َﺐ ٔآ ْﺻﻮاﲥِ ﺎ �ﻟﻀ� ﻮا ِﺑﻂِ ا�ٓ ِﺗﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺮﻛ ِﺔ �ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ إ�ﳱﺎ َ‬ ‫ُﺮوف اﳌ ُ ّ ِ‬‫‪ -٣‬ﻓ� ﯾَﺘﻌﻠ � ُﻖ �ﳊ ِ‬
‫ﰷت اﻟ َﻘﺼﲑ ُة اﻟ �ﱵ ﰲ َو َﺳﻂِ اﻟ َﻌ َ ِﲅ �ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ إ�ﳱﺎ �ﻟﻀ� �ﻤ ِﺔ واﻟ َﻔ ْت� ِﺔ واﻟ َﻜ ْﴪ ِة‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳊ ََﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻮﺳﻄ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕن ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﰲ َو َﺳﻂِ اﻟ َﻌ َ ِﲅ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾ ُ� واﳌ ُ َﺘ ِّ‬ ‫ﰷت �‬ ‫)ﺟ �ﺐ(‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ اﳊ ََﺮ ُ‬ ‫‪ُ� ،gibb‬ﻜتَ ُﺐ ِ‬
‫ﺮوف اﳌ َ ِّﺪ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ واﻟﻮا ِو واﻟﯿﺎ ِء‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ُ� ،la lande :‬ﻜتَ ُﺐ )ﻻ‬ ‫ٔآو ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮﻩ �ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ُﲝ ِ‬

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‫ﻐﲑا ﯾُﻔﻀ� ُﻞ ٔأن �ُﺮ َﻣ َﺰ ﳊ ََﺮﰷﲥِ ﺎ اﻟ َﻘﺼﲑ ِة‬ ‫ﰷن اﻟ َﻌ َ ُﲅ َﺻ ً‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺪ(‪ ،‬و‪ُ� ernout‬ﻜتَ ُﺐ ٔأرﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا َ‬
‫ﺮوف َﻣ ٍّﺪ ُﻣنﺎ ِﺳ�ﺒ ٍﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪� :‬ﯿنيﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﲝ ِ‬
‫ﺮوف اﳌ َ ِّﺪ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫َﻈﲑ ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑأٔ ْﻗ َﺮ ِب ُﺣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾ ُ� اﻟ�ﱵ ﻻ ﻧ َ‬ ‫ﰷت �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳊ ََﺮ ُ‬
‫َﺷ�ﳢَ ًﺎ ﲠﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ُ� hugo :‬ﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﻟـ)‪ (u‬ﺑﯿﺎ ٍء ٔأو واو‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮق اﻟﯿﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و�ﻻٕﻣﺎ ِ� إﱃ اﻟﻀ� ّ ِﻢ ﺑأٔ ِﻟ ٍﻒ َﺻﻐﲑ ٍة‬ ‫ﴪ ﺑأٔ ِﻟ ٍﻒ ﻗَﺼﲑ ٍة َ‬ ‫‪ُ� -‬ﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ ﻟ ٕﻼﻣﺎ ِ� إﱃ اﻟ َﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫ﰟ اﳌ ُ ْﺼ َﺤ ِﻒ؛ ﻣثﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻮﻟﺘﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮق اﻟﻮا ِو‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻫﻮ ُﻣت� َﺒ ٌﻊ و َﻣ ْﻌﻤﻮ ٌل ﺑﻪ ﰲ َر ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ُ� -‬ﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ لﻠ َﺤ َﺮﻛ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ ٔأ �و ِل اﻟ َﻌ َ ِﲅ ﲠَ ْﻤﺰ ٍة َﻣﻀْ ﺒﻮﻃ ٍﺔ َﺣ َﺴ َﺐ ﻧ ُْﻄ ِﻘﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪� :‬أ ْﻛ ْﺴ ُﻔ ْﻮرد‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ� -‬ﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ لﻠ َﺤ َﺮﻛ ِﺔ )‪ (a‬ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻌ َ ِﲅ ﺑﺘﺎ ٍء َﻣ ْﺮﺑﻮﻃ ٍﺔ ٔآو ٔآ ِﻟ ِﻒ َﻣﺪّ‪ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ �َ ْﺮﺟي ِﺢ اﻟﺘ�ﺎ ِء اﳌ َ ْﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﻣ ِﺮ� َﻜﺔ و �أ ْﻣ ِﺮ�ﲀ ‪ ،America‬و�ُﺮ َﻣ ُﺰ لﻠ َﺤ َﺮﻛ ِﺔ )‪ (e‬ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻌ َ ِﲅ ﺑﺘﺎ ٍء َﻣ ْﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﯿتْﺸﺔ ‪.neitzche‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗَﺪ ُ� ُﻞ ) ٔأل( اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ �ﲆ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم اﳉُ ْﻐﺮاﻓي� ِﺔ ا �ٕﻻ ﻣﺎ ا ْﺷ�ﳤَ َﺮ ﺑﺬ�‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋِﻊ‪ ،‬و َﺣﺮﯾﺼ ًﺔ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﻌﲈل �‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟ َﻘﺮار ُات �ﺎ ِﻣﻌ ًﺔ و َﻣ ْن ِﻄﻘي� ًﺔ و ُﻣﺮا ِﻋﯿ ًﺔ ﻟﻼ ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻐﺎت اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﻋﳯﺎ و ٔأ ْﺻﻮ ِات اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪ ،‬و َﺣﺮﯾﺼ ًﺔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ �ﲆ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ٔأ ْﺻﻮ ِات الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻘﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُﺤ ِﻒ‬ ‫ﺎب ُوﺻﻨ�ﺎ َع اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ ود َُور �‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَ َﲈء واﻟ ُﻜت� َ‬
‫ﺑأٔ ْﻗ َﺮ ِب ﺻﻮر ٍة إﱃ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﺎ‪� ،‬‬
‫ﰟ‬‫اﳋﺎﺻ ُﺔ؛ ﻓﺎﺿْ َﻄ َﺮ َب �اﻟﺮ ْ ُ‬‫ﴫ –ﻻ ﺳ� �ﯿﲈ اﳌ َ ْﻐ ِﺮ ِب اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ‪ -‬ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﳍﻢ ا ْﺟﳤِ ﺎداﲥُ ﻢ �‬ ‫�ﲑ ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫ﰲ ِْ‬
‫اﺿْ ِﻄﺮ ًا� َﺷﺪﯾﺪً ا‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻮﺍﺻﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘّﺮﲨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘّﻌﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫اﻫ َ �ْﱲ ﶍﻊ الﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ �ﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ا ْﻫ ِﺘﲈ ًﻣﺎ � ِﻟﻐًﺎ �لﻠ�ﻮ ِاﺻﻖ‪ ،‬وا ْﻗ َ َﱰ َح ُﻃ ُﺮﻗًﺎ ﰲ َ� ِ ّﻞ ُﻣ ْﺸ ِﳫ ِﺔ‬
‫ُﻣﻘﺎﺑَﻠﳤِ ﺎ َﺑﻮﺳ�ﯿ ٍ� ُﻣنﺎ ِﺳ�ﺒ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ ا�ٓﰐ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎت اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَ َﺘﻀ �ﻤ ُﻦ �اﻟﻼ ِﺣﻘ َﺔ ‪،scop‬‬ ‫ﻛﱰﲨ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑ َ ُ� �اﻟﻼ ِﺻﻘ ِﺔ ﺑﺼﯿﻐ ٍﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﯿﻐ ِﺔ و ٔأ ْﻣثﺎ ِﻟﻬﺎ ﻟيﺲ � ِﻓ ًﻌﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﱰكَ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﯿﻐ ِﺔ ِﻣ ْﻔ َﻌﺎل‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ر ٔأى اﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ٔأ �ن ٕاﻟْﺰا َم اﳌ ُ َ ْﱰ ِﲨ َﲔ ﲠﺬﻩ ّ ِ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ �َ َﺮ ْوﻧ َﻪ ٔأ� ْ َﺴ َﺐ و ٔأ َد �ل �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ الﻠ�ﻮ ِاﺻ ِﻖ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪� :‬اﻟﻼ ِﺣﻘ ِﺔ ‪ ide‬اﻟ�ﱵ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ﺑـ )ﯾَﺪ(‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬أ�ﳖْ َﯿ ِْﺪ ِرﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ "ﻓَ ْﺮط"‪ ،‬وﰷﻧ َﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِﻘ ُﺔ ‪ِ َ hyper‬‬ ‫�ﳫﻤ ٍﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ْ ُ ،‬ﻓﱰ ِ َﲨ ِﺖ �‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑ َ ُ� �اﻟﻼ ِﺻﻘ ِﺔ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘ ُﺔ ﱔ اﻟﻐﺎ ِﻟﺒ َﺔ واﳌ ُ َﻔﻀ� َ� �ﻟ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒ ِﺔ لﻠ َﻤﺠ َﻤﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫ﻛﱰﲨ ِﺔ �اﻟﻼ ِﺣﻘ ِﺔ ‪� oid‬ﻟن � َﺴ ِﺐ � ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺻﻘ ٍﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑ َ ُ� �اﻟﻼ ِﺻﻘ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮل‪َ� :‬ﺪاﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮن‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ُ odenoid :‬‬ ‫واﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑ َ ُ� �اﻟﻼ ِﺻﻘ ِﺔ ُﲜ ْﺰ ٍء ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ َﻣنْﺤﻮﺗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪) :‬ﺻﻠﻮز(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ْ :‬اﺳ ِتئ ُ‬
‫ْﺼﺎل الﻠ � َﻮ ِز ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘ َﺔ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ �‬ ‫ُﻣﻘﺎﺑ َ ِ� ‪ tonsillecotomy‬اﳌ ُ َﺘﻀ ِّﻤﻨ ِﺔ �اﻟﻼ ِﺣﻘ َﺔ ‪� ،ectomy-‬‬
‫�ﺎت اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ ﻣ َﻊ َﺟﻮ ِازﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ْﻞ ﰲ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬

‫‪۷۹‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠﻌﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﻞ ﻗَﺮ ِار َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة �ا�ي ُﳚ ُﲒ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻻت َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎو ٌ‬ ‫ﺑُ ِﺬﻟَ ْﺖ ُﻣ َ‬
‫)اﻟﴬور ِة(‬ ‫اﻟﺴبَ ُﺐ ﰲ ذ� ٔأ �ن َ ِﳇﻤ َﺔ �‬ ‫اﻟﴬورة‪ ،‬وﺑ َ ِﻘ َﻲ اﻟ َﻘﺮ ُار ﺳﺎ�ِ ًﺮا إﱃ اﻟ َﯿ ْﻮ ِم؛ و �‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �‬
‫ﺒﲑا َﺣ َﺮﺻﻮا �ﲆ ْاﺳ ِت ْبﻘﺎﲛِ ﺎ؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﻢ ٔأرادوا ٔأ �ﻻ‬ ‫ﻮن ا ْﺧ ِتﻼﻓًﺎ َﻛ ً‬ ‫اﻟ�ﱵ ا ْﺧتَﻠَ َﻒ ﻓﳱﺎ اﳌ َ ْﺠﻤﻌ �ﯿ َ‬
‫ﺼﻮر وا ٔ� ْﺣﻮال‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼف اﻟ ُﻌ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠ ًﻔﺎ � ْﺧ ِت ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ َﻣ ًﻌﲎ ُﻣ� �ﺪ ٌد‪ٔ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وﲝﺴ ِﺐ‬ ‫ﰻ �ﲆ َﻫﻮاﻩ َ‬ ‫دون ﻓيﻪ �‬ ‫ﯾﺐ واﳌُتَﺸ ِّﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻌﻮن ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻮﺳ َ‬ ‫وﻗَﺮ ُار اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ ﯾَﻔﻬَ ُﻤﻪ اﳌ ُ َﺘ ِّ‬
‫ﻣﺎ �َﺮى‪:‬‬
‫دون ﱂ ﯾُ َﻄ ْﻤ ِﺌ ْﳯﻢ ذ� اﻟ َﻘﺮ ُار ‪-‬ﻣ َﻊ ُﻣ�ﺎﻓَﻈ ِﺘﻪ‪�ٔ -‬ﳖ� ﻢ َ ْﳜﺸَ ْﻮ َن ٔأن ﺗ َْﻄﻐﻰ ﻟُﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ِﲅ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﺎﳌُتَﺸ ِّﺪ َ‬
‫وﱒ ﰲ ذ� ﻗﺪ َذﻫَﺒﻮا‬ ‫�ﲆ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ ا ٔ�د َِب‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ � َ ْﺴ� َﺘ ْﻐ ِﻠ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس ﻓَﻬْ ُﻢ �اﻟﱰ ِاث‪ْ ُ ،‬‬
‫�ﲑ َﻣﺬﻫ ٍَﺐ؛ ٔ� �ن اﻟ َﻌﺮ �ﰊ ﯾ َ َﺘﳫ� ُﻢ �ﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو �َﻜ ُت ُﺐ ﲠﺎ َﻣﻬْﲈ َﻛ ُ َﱶ ِت اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮ ُ‬
‫دات ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ُﺔ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﺑﺬ� ُﻣتَ ِﳫّ ًﻤﺎ ٔأو ﰷ ِﺗ ًﺒﺎ ﺑﻠُﻐ ٍﺔ ٔأ ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ�ﱵ � َ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ ِﻤﻠُﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ َﺔ َﻣﻬْﲈ َﻛ ُ َﱶ ْت ﻓﻠيﺴﺖ ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ َﻘ ّ ِﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ �َ َﺮ ْو َن ٔأ �ن ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬ ‫ﻌﻮن ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻮﺳ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬واﳌ ُ َﺘ ِّ‬
‫ﻘﺎق‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴫ ِف‪ ،‬و ٔأ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑ َﻘﻮا ِ� ِﺪ اﻟﻨ� ْﺤ ِﻮ و � ْ‬ ‫ﻤﲒ ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﯾ َ َﺘ � ُ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻠﺒ ُﺔ‬ ‫�ﺎت اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ َﺔ ﺳﻮف �َﺴ� َﺘ ِﻘ �ﺮ وﯾَأٔﻟَ ُﻔﻬﺎ �‬ ‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪ ،‬و�َ َﺮ ْو َن ٔأ �ن اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫يﺎس ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟ ِﻘ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ َﳚ َﻌ ُﻞ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ ﻗﺎ ِدر ًة‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﳍﻢ ﲠﺎ َﻋﻬْ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ٔأ �ن اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫ثﻮن ﰷ ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ َ‬
‫يﻌﺎب ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮم‪.‬‬ ‫�ﲆ ْاﺳ ِت ِ‬
‫ﺮب‪:‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ِﻣﻦ � ِﺣي ِﺔ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ِﻗيﺎﺳ� �ﯿﺎ ٔأو ﯾُﻮﻗَ ُﻒ ﻓيﻪ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳌ َ ْﺴﻤﻮعِ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ا �ٕن ﻗَﻀ �ﯿ َﺔ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫نﺎس‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ؛ وذ� ﻓ� َ ُﳜ �ﺺ ٔأ ْﺳ َﲈء ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ�ِﻜ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ واﳊ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘﻀﺎ� �‬
‫ﺛﻮن �ﲆ َﺟﻮ ِازﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎت‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ﻧ ْﻘ ُﻞ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻓﻘ ِﺪ اﺗ � َﻔ َﻖ اﻟ ُﻘﺪاﱉ واﳌُ�ﺪَ َ‬ ‫واﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫وﻗ ِﺪ اﻧْ َﻘ َﺴ َﻢ ٔأﺋِ �ﻤ ُﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ إﱃ ﻓَﺮﯾ َﻘﲔِ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟ َﻘﻀ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَﺮ ُﯾﻖ اﻟ ِﻘيﺎﺳ� ّﯿِﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮب‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ٔأ�ﺣﻮا ٔ�ﻧْ ُﻔ ِﺴﻬﻢ وﻟﻐ ْ َِﲑﱒ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧ ََﻈﺮوا إﱃ ﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ� وﻓَ َﻌ َ� اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫يﺎس"؛ ْ‬ ‫و ُﺣ �ﺠﳤُ ﻢ "اﻟ ِﻘ ُ‬
‫ﺮب ﻧ َ َﻘﻠﻮا ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ر �أوا ٔأ �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺴ� ا ��ي َﺳﻠَ َﻜﻪ ٔأ ْﺳﻼﻓُﻬﻢ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ٔأن � َﺴﻠُﻜﻮا اﳌ َ َ َ‬
‫ﲈت َﻛﺜﲑةً‪ِ ،‬ﻣ �ﻤﺎ ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﱒ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ َ ِﳇ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ واﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ و �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ واﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪۸۰‬‬
‫ﻟﻐﲑ داعٍ ﺗ �َﻮﺳ ًﻌﺎ وٕا ْ�ﺮ ًاء‬ ‫ﺮب ﻣﺎ ﻟيﺲ ﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ �اعٍ و ْ ِ‬ ‫�ت اﳊَﻀﺎر ِة‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ ْد َ� َﻞ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ اﳉﺎ ِﻫ ِ ّﲇ وﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪ ،‬وﱂ �َﻜتَ ِﻒ‬ ‫ﲈت ﰲ ِ ّ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ُ‬‫لﻠُﻐﳤِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ �ﺎ َءت ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻲ اﻟﻨ� ِﻜﺮ ِة ﻛﲈ �َﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ا ��ﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ� ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب �ﻟﻨ� ْﻘ ِﻞ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫"�ب‪ :‬ﰲ ٔأ �ن ﻣﺎ ِﻗ َيﺲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺑ َ �ﻮ َب ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ ﰲ اﳋَﺼﺎﺋِ ِﺺ ً�� ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮ ِان‪ٌ :‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮل َ� ِﻣﻬﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ٔأ ِ‬
‫ﺮب ﻗﺪ ٔأ ْﺟ َﺮ ِت‬ ‫ﺮب"‪ ،‬وا ْﺳ� َﺘﺪَ �ل �ﲆ ذ� ﺑأٔ �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻓﻬﻮ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫�ﲆ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲈت اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ� ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫نﺎس ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﺠﺮى َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ َب ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻲ اﻟﻨ� ِﻜﺮ ِة‪ ،‬ﻛ َﻘ ْﻮ ِﻟﻬﻢ‪ :‬د َْر َ َﳘ ِﺖ اﳋُ �ﺒﺎزى‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﻦ ّ ِا� ْر َ ِﱒ وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ ﻗَ ْﻮ َل‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬
‫ﺮب؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻚ‬ ‫نﺎن" ﻓﻬﺬا ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫"ﻃﺎب اﳋُ ْﺸ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﳼ‪) :‬إذا ﻗﻠْ َﺖ‪َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎر ِّ‬‫ٔأﰊ �َ ٍ ّﲇ ِ‬
‫ٕ� ْﻋﺮاﺑِﻚ ا �ٕ�ﻩ ﻗﺪ ٔأ ْد َ�ﻠْ َﺘﻪ َ� َم اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈ ِﻋ ّﯿِﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓَﺮ ُﯾﻖ �‬
‫َﻔﺎ�‪.‬‬
‫ﻬﺎب اﳋ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ َﺳﲈﻋ �ﯿﺎ ِ ّ‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء �ا��ﻦ �َ �ﺪوا اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬
‫وﻫﺆﻻء ُﺣ �ﺠﳤُ ﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎرﱒ ﻣﺎ ِﻟﲄ الﻠ�ﻐﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮب ٔأﻧْ ُﻔ ِﺴﻬﻢ � ْﻋ ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻮر �ﲆ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ َﻣ ْﻘ ٌ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ن اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ َﺳبي ٌﻞ لﻠﻨ� ِﺎس ﻟ َﻔﻬْ ِﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﻟَ َﻄﻐ َِﺖ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أﻧ �ﻨﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻓَتَ ْﺤﻨﺎ َ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب لﻠﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن و �اﻟﱰاث‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﯿﺐ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َﻋ �ﺮﺑﻮﻩ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺮب ﱂ ﯾ َ َﺘ َﻌ �ﺪ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﲈء وا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ َم إﱃ اﳉُ َﻤ ِﻞ و �اﻟﱰ ِ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ن ﻣﺎ َﻋ �ﺮﺑَﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫يﺎس إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﯾُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﺜﲑا‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗَﻠﯿ ٌﻞ �ﻟ ِﻘ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن َﻛ ً‬ ‫ﺗ� ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء وا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم وٕان َ‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫زان اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻮن �ﲆ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ِﻞ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺑﺼ ْﻘ ِﻠﻬﺎ �ﲆ ٔأ ْو ِ‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ اﺗ � َﻔ َﻖ اﻟ ُﻘﺪاﱉ واﳌُ�ﺪَ َ‬
‫�ﺎت وﻣﺎ ﯾَﺘ� ِﺼ ُﻞ ﲠﺎ‪ٔ :‬أﺗُ ْﻨ َﻘ ُﻞ‬ ‫نﺎس واﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َﺻ ْﻘ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﳯ� ﻢ ا ْﺧتَﻠَﻔﻮا ﰲ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬ ‫ٔأو ْ ِ‬
‫ون اﻟﻨ� ْﻘ َﻞ �ﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻟيﺲ � ﻧ َﻈﺎ�ِﺮ؟‬ ‫ﰷن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧ َﻈﺎ�ِ ُﺮ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أم ﯾ َ ُﻘﴫ َ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ وﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �‬
‫ون إﱃ ﻓَﺮﯾ َﻘﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﴏ َ‬ ‫ثﻮن اﳌ ُ ِ‬‫ﻓﺎﻧْ َﻘ َﺴ َﻢ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎء‬
‫ﺮب؛ َو ً‬ ‫ﴫ اﻟﻨ� ْﻘ ِﻞ �ﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻟيﺲ � ﻧ َﻈﲑٌ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ثﲔ ﻗَ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻓَﻀ� َﻞ َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ َ‬
‫ﻔﺎﻇﺎ �ﲆ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ و ِﻛﯿﺎﳖِ ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻟﻐ ََﺮ ِض‪ ،‬و ِﺣ ً‬
‫ﺣﱴ وﻟﻮ ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧ َﻈﺎ�ِ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪َ� -‬ﺮى ٔأن ﺗُﻨ َﻘ َﻞ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �‬ ‫‪ -٢‬وﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﻢ ‪-‬وﱒ ٔأﻧ ُ‬
‫ْﺼﺎر اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻓﳱﺎ‪ ،‬و ُﺣ َﺠ ُﺠﻬﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪۸۱‬‬
‫�ﺎت اﳊَﻀﺎر ِة اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ إﱃ ِﻗ ْﺴ َﻤﲔِ ؛ ِﻗ ْﺴ ٍﻢ ﻧ ّ ُِﻌﺮﺑُﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﻗ ْﺴ ٍﻢ َ ْﳔ ُﺘﺎر‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أﳖ� ﻢ ﻟﻮ ﻗَ َﺴﻤﻮا ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻨَ ِﻔﺪَ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻤﺮ ﻗ ْب َﻞ ٔأن ُﳓ ِﻘّ َﻖ ذ� ا ٔ� ْﻣﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫� ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻘﺎﺑ ُِ� ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫�ﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﺐ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫ِﻘﲔ �ا��ﻦ َﺣ �ﺮﻣﻮا ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑ َ‬ ‫�ﺎج َ�ﺮ ٔأ ِي ﻓَﺮ ٍﯾﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ِء �‬ ‫�ﺣ ِت َ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ن ْ‬
‫�ﺎت‬ ‫ﴫ ٔأوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ِء ﱂ ﺗ ََﱱا َﺣ ْﻢ ﻓيﻪ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺎر ٔأ �ن َﻋ ْ َ‬ ‫نﺎس ﻻ ﯾَﻀَ ُﻊ ﰲ � ْﻋ ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫و ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬
‫نﺎس َﺻ ْﻌﺒ ًﺔ �ﻠﳱﻢ ﻛﲈ‬ ‫�ﺎت ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﴫ�‪ ،‬وﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ �َ ْﺮ َﲨ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫اﲪ ْﺖ ﰲ َﻋ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ �َﺰ َ َ‬
‫اﳊﺎﱄ؛ ﻟ َﺘﻤﻜ�ﳯِ ﻢ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا ِ� ّﺴﺎعِ َاﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِﺖ �ﳞﻢ‪ ،‬و ِﺧﻔ� ِﺔ ٔأﻋْﺒﺎ ِء‬ ‫ﱔ َﺻ ْﻌﺒ ٌﺔ ﰲ َاﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِﺖ ِ ّ‬
‫ﯿﺎت اﳉَﺪﯾﺪ ِة‪ ،‬والﻠ �ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﰲ‬ ‫�ﺎت واﳌ ُ َﺴ �ﻤ ِ‬ ‫اﳊَﯿﺎ ِة‪ٔ ،‬آ �ﻣﺎ ا�ٓ َن ﻓث َ �ﻤ َﺔ ٔآﻓْﻮ ٌاج ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ ُﻣ ْﺮ ِﻫﻘ ٌﺔ �ﻟ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒ ِﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﳁﻦ اﳋ ََﻄ ِﺮ ا ٔ�� ُْﺬ ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل اﻟ ُﻘﺪاﱉ ﰲ َﺣيﺎ ٍة َ ْﲣﺘ ِﻠ ُﻒ‬ ‫ﻄﻮن اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑُ ِ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻻ ﯾ َ ُﻤﺖ� لﻠﲈﴈ ِﺑﺼ�‪.‬‬ ‫وﺻ ّ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َﺣيﺎﲥِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وﰲ وا ِﻗﻊ ٍ ِ� ّ ٍ‬
‫ﻠﻤﻲ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ا �ٕﻻ إﱃ َزوالٍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼﲑﻫﺎ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻧ َ ْﻔ ِﺴﻬﺎ وﻣﺎ ُﳛﯿﻂُ ﲠﺎ ﻓﺎ �ٕن َﻣ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻻ ﺗُﻮ ِ َاﰂ ْ َ‬
‫ﲈت‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺎق �ﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻮن؛ ﰾ ﯾ َ ِ �ﱲ اﻻ ِﺗ ّ ُ‬ ‫ﺨﺼ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌَ�ﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ الﻠ�ﻐﻮﯾ � ُﺔ ﺗ ََﻘﺮ �أ وﲥُ ِّﺬ ُب ﻣﺎ َﻋ �ﺮﺑَﻪ اﳌ ُ َﺘ ّ ِ‬
‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻘﲔ �ﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻃ َ‬ ‫�ﺎت اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﻟ َﻔ ِنّ �ﯿ ِﺔ ْ َ‬‫ﯾﺐ ﻓﺎﺋِﺪ ٌة ُﻣﻬِ �ﻤ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ إﺷﺎ� ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬لﻠﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ثﲔ ﰲ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠ ِﻒ ﺑِﻼ ِد اﻟﻌﺎﻟَ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ِء واﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ َ‬ ‫�ﺎت �ﺎ �ﻣ ٌﺔ �ﺎﻟَﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ �َﲀ ُد �َﺸ�ﯿ ُﻊ ْ َ‬ ‫وﱔ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٌ‬
‫�ﯿﻜﻮن ُﻣﻘي�ﺪً ا؛ ﻓ ُي ْﺨ ُﺘﺎر ٔأ ْﺣيﺎ�ً ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻌﺪَ ُل ﻋﻨﻪ ٔأ ْﺣيﺎ�ً إذا‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ ٕاﻧ �ﲈ ﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﻟﻦ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﳌ َ ْﺬﻣﻮ َم ٔأن ﯾ َ َﺘأٔﺧ َ�ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺎق‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ٔأﻓْﻀَ ُﻞ ﺑﻼ َﺷ ٍ ّﻚ‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎج ٕاﱃ ُ ْ� ٍﺪ ّ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ َﲨ ُﺔ ﻻ َ ْﲢ ُ‬ ‫ﰷﻧ َِﺖ � ْ‬
‫ﻟﻮل اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮف َﻃﻮ ًﯾﻼ ٔأﻣﺎ َم َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ ٔأ ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ﺑَﻌﯿﺪ ِة اﳌ َ ْﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ ُﺚ ﰲ ا ْٕﳒ ِﺎز َ َﲻ ِ� َ�ﺴبَ ِﺐ ُاﻟﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻌ� َﳚِﺪُ ُﻣﻘﺎﺑ ًِﻼ ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫اﻟﴬور ِة‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �ٕن ﻗَﺮ َار َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ُ :‬ﳚ ُﲒ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘﻌﲈ َل ِ‬
‫�ﴩ ِط‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ﯾُﻮا ِﻓ ُﻖ �ﻠﯿﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺮب ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﻢ(‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﳌُﻮاﻓَﻘ ُﺔ �ﲆ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫�ﲆ َﻃﺮﯾﻘ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﻓﻬ ُْﻢ ﻻ‬ ‫ْﺼﺎر اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬‫اﻟﴬورةُ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ٔأﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﰻ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌ ْﻨﺪَ ﺋ ٍﺬ ﺗَﺘ� ِﻀ ُﺢ �‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺚ اﳌُﻀْ ﲏ َورا َء ُ ِ ّ‬
‫�َ َﺮ ْو َن ِﻟﻬﺬا اﳉُﻬْ ِﺪ ﻃﺎﺋِ ًﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ْﻨﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫ﺼﲑ‪ ،‬ﺑَﻌﯿﺪً ا ﻋﻦ اﳉُﻬْ ِﺪ وا ٕﻻﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻮر واﻟﺘ� ْﻘ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن اﳌُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ ﺑَﻌﯿﺪً ا ﻋﻦ اﻟ ُﻘ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺑُ �ﺪ ٔأن َ‬
‫وٕا �ﻻ ﻓﺎﳌُﺒﺎدَر ُة إﱃ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪۸۲‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ُﳛ َ َﲂ �ﻠﯿﻪ � َﻜ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ َﺳﲈﻋ �ﯿﺎ ٔأم ِﻗيﺎﺳ� �ﯿﺎ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﰲ ِﻗ � ٍ� و َﻛ ْﱶ ٍة �‬ ‫اﻟﺸأٔ ُن ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻟيﺲ �‬
‫ﺮب ٔأﻧْ ُﻔ ُﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﲅ ﻻ ﻧَت � ِب ُﻌﻬﻢ؟ ﻓﺎٕذا ﻛﻨ�ﺎ ٔأﻣﺎ َم َﻣ ْﺴﻤﻮعٍ َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ‬ ‫ﺴ� َﺳﻠَ َﻜﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ َﻣ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫و َﻣ ْﺴﻤﻮعٍ آٓﺧ ََﺮ ﯾُﻐﺎ ِ� ُﺮﻩ ﰲ اﳊ ْ ُِﲂ‪ ،‬ﲿﯿنَئ ٍﺬ ﻧ َ ْﻨ ِﻘﺴ ُﻢ ﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ ا ��وﱃ ِﻣﳯﲈ � ٔ� ْ� ِﺬ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﻓﺎﳌ َ ْﺴﻤﻮ ُع ﻓيﻪ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع وا ِ� ٌﺪ ﻻ َ ْﳜﺘ ِﻠ ُﻒ ﻓيﻪ اﳊ ُْﲂ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻌﻲ إﱃ َﻣ ًﻌﲎ َ�ﺪﯾ ٍﺪ ﻻ ﺗَﻌ ِﺮﻓُﻪ‬ ‫ﰟ َﻋﺮ ٍ ّﰊ ﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٍﺢ ٔأ ْﺟنَ ٍ ّﱯ ﯾَﻨ ُﻘ ُ� ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌ ْﻨﺎﻩ َاﻟﻮﺿْ ّ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -‬وﺿْ ُﻊ ا ٍ‬
‫ﯿﯿﻖ �ا�ِﺮ ِة الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ اﳌَﻌﺎﱐ ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻓيﻪ ﺗَﻀْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ٔأ �ن إﺷﺎ� َﺔ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ِﻞ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫�ﺎت‬ ‫�ﺟ ٌﻊ ِﻟﻬﺬا اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻞ ِﻣﻦ اﳌُ� َْﱰ ِ‬ ‫ﻼج ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ‪-‬ﻣ َﻊ ا ٔ� ْ� ِﺬ �ﳊَﯿﻄ ِﺔ واﳊ ََﺬ ِر‪ -‬ﻟﻬﻮ ِ� ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �ٕن اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﻻ ﯾ َ ِﻘ �ﻞ ﺧ ََﻄ ًﺮا ﻋﻦ إ�ﺣ ِتﻪ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ ،‬وٕا �ن ٕاﻫْﲈ َل اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﴫ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫واﳌ ُ ْﺒﺘ َﻜﺮ ِات ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺗَ ْﻘيﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ ور ٔأ ِي اﳌﺎ ِﻧﻌﲔ؛ إذ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ر ٔأ ِي ٔأﻧ ِ‬
‫ْﺼﺎر اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ﻋ �ﺒﺎس َﺣ َﺴﻦ ٔأ ْن ﻻ ﻓَ ْﺮ َق ْ َ‬ ‫و�َﺮى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻘﻮﻣﻮن‬
‫ﺳﺎل ﻣﺎ ﯾ َ َ‬ ‫نﻮن اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ ا ْٕر ِ‬ ‫ﺼﲔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم واﻟ ُﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﺼ َ‬ ‫ﻌﲔ ٔأ�ﺣﻮا لﻠ ُﻤ َﺘ ّ ِ‬ ‫ا �ٕن اﳌﺎ ِﻧ َ‬
‫ﻐﲑ ﻓ� ذ�‪ْ ُ ،‬‬
‫وﱒ‬ ‫ﻐﻮي ﻟ ُﯿ ِﻘ �ﺮﻩ وﯾُﻮ ِﺛ ّ َﻘﻪ‪ ،‬وٕان ر ٔأى ﻣﺎ �َﺴ� َﺘ ِﺤ �ﻖ اﻟﺘ� � َ‬ ‫ﺑ َﺘ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ إﱃ اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ الﻠ � ِ ّ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺻﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮن اﳌَﺠ َﻤ َﻊ ﻋﻦ دا�ِﺮ ِة ا ْﺧ ِت ِ‬ ‫ﻔﻮن �ﺎﺋِ ًﻘﺎ ٔأﻣﺎ َم اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ِء واﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣثﲔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُﳜ ِﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺬ� ﻻ ﯾ َ ِﻘ َ‬
‫ﻈﺎر ﻟ َﻔ ْتﻮى‬ ‫َﺴﲑون ﻗُﺪُ ًﻣﺎ ﰲ ٔأﻋْﲈ ِﻟﻬﻢ َ‬
‫دون اﻧْ ِﺘ ٍ‬ ‫ﺼﲔ � َ‬ ‫ﺨﺼ َ‬ ‫و�َﺮى ﻋ �ﺒﺎس َﺣ َﺴﻦ ٔأ �ن اﳌ ُ َﺘ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻼف �ا�ي ﯾُ ُﺜﺎر ﻻ َﻣ�ﺎ َل �‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﻮي ٔأو ﻟﺮ ٔأﯾِﻪ‪ ،‬وا ِﳋ َ‬ ‫اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ ِ الﻠ � ِ ّ‬

‫‪۸۳‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳌُﻌﺮ‪‬ﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬
‫ﻼﻗﺎت ا ٕﻻ ْﻗﺮ ِاض و� ْﻗ ِﱰ ِاض واﻟﺘ�أٔ ِﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ﰲ �َ ِ‬ ‫ا �ٕن الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﺷأٔﳖُ ﺎ ﺷأٔ ُن �ﰶ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎ وﺗَﻌ �ﺪ ِد َدﻻﻻﲥِ ﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ نَ َﺰ َل اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ُن‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ُﲞﻠﻮ ِدﻫﺎ وﻏَﺰار ِة ٔآﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﲒ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘ�أٔ�� ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﳯ� ﺎ ﺗَ َﺘ � ُ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣث ًَﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺎ� ِة؛ ِ�� َو َر َد ﻓيﻪ ﻣﺎ َو َر َد ﻓﳱﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓتَ ْﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜﺮ ُﱘ ﲠﺬﻩ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم ﰲ ِﺷ ْﻌ ِﺮﻫﺎ وﻧ ْ َِﱶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺤ ْﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ�ﺪَ َﻣ ْتﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ُﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ﱔ ٔآن َ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ِ ،‬ﳁﻦ اﻟ َﺒﺪَ ِّ‬ ‫ﻓَﺼﯿ� ًﺔ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺮب ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم ٔأ ْﺻ ًﻼ‪ ...‬وﳓﻦ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺚ ﺳن ُ َﺴ ِﻠ ّﻂُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﲠﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺳ� �ﯿﲈ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ ِة ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﳯَ ُﺠﻨﺎ ﻓيﻪ ﰷ�ٓﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀ� ْﻮ َء �ﲆ ﺗ� �‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮﺳﻊ ٍ ﻟ ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -١‬ﲨ ُﻊ ُﻣﻌ َﺠ ٍﻢ ُﻣ �‬
‫ﲈت اﻟ�ﱵ َﻛ ُ َﱶ‬ ‫ﲈت اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳉَ ْﻤﻊِ‪ ،‬و�َ ْﺮكُ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﻬﻮر ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﺸ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ � -٢‬ﻗ ِت ُ‬
‫�ب اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻈ ِّﻦ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأﺻﯿ ٌ�؛ وذ� ٔ� �ن َ‬ ‫ﻼف ٔأو اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾَﻐ ِﻠ ُﺐ �ﲆ �‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟَﻬﺎ ا ِﳋ ُ‬
‫ﻼف واﻟت�ﺸَ �ﻌﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺜﲑ � ْﺧ ِت ِ‬ ‫و ِاﺳ ٌﻊ ِ�ﺪ�ا و َﻛ ُ‬
‫ﲈت اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ُﻣ َﺮﺗ �ﺒ ًﺔ �َ ْﺮﺗي ًبﺎ ِﻫ�ﺎﺋ �ﯿﺎ ٔآ ِﻟ ْﻔبﺎﺋِ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﳯَ ُﺠﻨﺎ ﰲ ذ�‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬‫‪ -٣‬ﺗَآٔﺻﯿ ُﻞ َ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ ٍ وا ِ� ٍﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪ ،‬و� ْﻛ ِﺘﻔﺎ ُء ﲟ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �و ًﻻ‪ْ َ :‬ﲢﺪﯾﺪُ َﻣﻮ ِﻗﻊ ِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊٍ‪.‬‬‫إذا ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﻗﺪ َو َرد َْت ﰲ ٔأ ْﻛ َ َﱶ ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬ﻧ ًﯿﺎ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﺮﻓ ُﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ َ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ا ٔ� ْﺟنَﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ ا ��ﺧﺮى اﻟ�ﱵ ٔأ� ََﺬ ِت‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﰲ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ � -‬ﻟﺜًﺎ‪ِ :‬ذ ْﻛ ُﺮ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآٓن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ﻏَﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﺳﲑ ِوﲞ �ﺎﺻ ٍﺔ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ِ‬ ‫ﺿﯿﺢ َﻣ ْﻔﻬﻮ ِم َ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺗ َْﻮ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ و ِ� ْﺴبﳤِ ﺎ إﱃ ﻟُﻐ ِﺘﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ ُﻣﺮا�ﺎ ِة‬ ‫ﺮب ِﺣيﺎ َل َ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫‪ِ -٥‬ذ ْﻛ ُﺮ ﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ� �ُﻠَﲈ ُء اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺗيﺐ �اﻟﺰ َﻣ ِ ّﲏ ﻟ�ٓراء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ِ‬ ‫�ْ‬
‫ﰻ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ ﻓ� َ ُﳜ �ﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ � ْﺳ ِت ْﺸﻬﺎ ِد‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ �‬
‫اﻣيﺲ واﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -٦‬ﻋ ْﺮ ُض ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﻩ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫َﻨﺎو َ� ُ‬ ‫و�ﺳ ِ ْﱰﺷﺎ ِد ﲟﺎ ﺗ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸأٔ ِن‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت اﳌ ُ ْﺨ َﺘ ّ ِﺼ َﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا �‬ ‫َ�� ِم ٔأﺳﺎ ِﺗﺬ ِة الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻗﲔ ﰲ �ﺎ ِﻧ ِﺐ اﻟﺘ�أٔﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﴩ َ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ ْﺴت َ ْ ِ‬
‫‪۸٤‬‬
 ‫ﲈت ﻗَ ْﺪ َر اﳌ ُ ْﺴ� َﺘﻄﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ �ﲆ ﻣﺎ ُذ ِﻛ َﺮ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇ ٍ‬ ‫نﺎﱑ ِ� ِﲅ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﯿﻖ َﻣ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٧‬ﺗ َْﻄ ُ‬
‫ﲈت ا�� ﺧي ِ� ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ُﲝﺮو ِﻓﻬﺎ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻣﺎ ٔآ ْﻣ َﻜﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﻛﲈ را َﻋ ْﯿﻨﺎ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑ َﺔ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ اﻟ�ﱵ ا ْﻋ َﺘ َﻤ ْﺪ� �ﻠﳱﺎ وﻛﺬ� اﳌَﺼﺎ ِد ُر ﻣﺎ ﯾأٔﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -٩‬و ِﻣﻦ ٔأ َ ِّﱒ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪ ،‬واﳌُﻬ �ﺬ ُب ﻓ� َوﻗَ َﻊ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن‬ ‫ﺮوف اﳌُﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ لﻠ َﺠﻮ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ �ﲆ ُﺣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ� ِم ا ٔ� ْ َﲺ ّ ِ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ِﻣﻦ َ‬
‫ْﻘﺎن ﰲ �ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬ� ا ٕﻻﺗ ُ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﺘ ِ ّﻮﳇﻲ لﻠ �ﺴ� ّ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب لﻠ �ﺴ� ّ ِ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪ )وﻫﻮ ٔأ َ �ﱒ َﻣ ِﺮﺟﻊ ٍ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ ٔآﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ �ﻟ� ْﻛ ِ‬ ‫لﻠ �ﺴ� ّ ِ‬
‫وﲨ َﻊ و�ﻗَ َﺶ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ د ََر َس َ َ‬ ‫ﺨﺼ ٌﺺ ﰲ �ُﻠﻮ ِم الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟي�ﺎت‪ُ ،‬ﳁﺆ ِﻟ ّ ُﻔﻪ ُﻣتَ ّ ِ‬‫اﻟﱰ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻋ َﺘ َﻤ ْﺪ� �ﻠﯿﻪ ﰲ � ْ‬
‫ﻄﻮ ُر‬‫ﲈت(‪ ،‬واﻟﺘ� �‬ ‫ﺻﻮل ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮف �ﲆ ٔأ ِ‬ ‫بيﻞ ُاﻟﻮ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﻓَ َﺮ وﺑ َ َﺬ َل ﻓيﻪ ُ ْ�ﺪً ا َﻋﻈﳰًﺎ ﰲ َﺳ ِ‬
‫ﲈﱐ ِ� ْﺮ ِﺟ ْﺸ ِﱰ ِاﴎ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب وا�� ﺧي ُﻞ لﻠ �ﺴ� ْﺒ�ﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﴩ ِق ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻮي لﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ لﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴت َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ْﺤ �‬
‫ﺮﰊ ِلﻠُﻮ�ﺲ‬ ‫�ﱐ اﻟ َﻌ �‬ ‫اﻟﴪ �‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس � ْ‬ ‫ﺴﻮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫وﻏَﺮاﺋِ ُﺐ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻟﺮﻓﺎﺋﯿﻞ َ ْﳔ� اﻟيَ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻟﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ‬
‫وﻗﺎﻣﻮس ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﯿﺎن ﰲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ِب اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ﳊَ ْﻤﺰة ﻓَ ْتﺢ ﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﻮﺳ�ﺘﺎز‪ ،‬وا ٔ�ﺻ ُﻞ واﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ُﺔ لﻠ �ﺴ� ِ ّﯿ ِﺪ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻌﲓ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ َﺣ َﺴ�ﻨَﲔ‪ ،‬وا ٔ�ﻟْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَﻀ �ﯿ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮﱘ‪:‬‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٍﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ ﺗُ َﻌ �ﺪ ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ اﻟ�ﱵ َﻛ ُ َﱶ ﺣﻮﻟَﻬﺎ اﳉَﺪَ ُل‬ ‫ا �ٕن َﻣ ْﺴآٔ َ� ُوﺟﻮ ِد ٔآﻟْ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ُﻣﺆ ِﯾ ّ ٍﺪ ُﻟﻮرو ِدﻫﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫تﺎ�ت ﻣﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎزت ﺑ ِﻘ ْﺴﻂٍ وا ِﻓ ٍﺮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ؛ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ واﳊ ِ‬
‫�ﲁ ِﻣﳯﻢ ُﺣ َﺠ ُ�ﻪ اﳌ َ ْﻨﻘﻮ ُ�‬ ‫ﺑﲔ �اﻟﺮ ٔآﯾَﲔِ ‪ ،‬و ٍّ‬‫ﺑﲔ ُﻣن ِﻜ ٍﺮ ِ��‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﻢ َﻣﻦ َ َﲨ َﻊ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ و ْ َ‬
‫واﳌ َ ْﻌﻘﻮ ُ�‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺧتَﻠَﻔﻮا �ﲆ ا�ٓرا ِء ا�ٓﺗﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﻮن ﲟ َ ْﻨﻊ ِ ُوﻗﻮعِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء اﻻٕﻣﺎ ُم‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ٔآ ُي ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﺋِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻓ �ﻌﻲ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺑﻮ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿﺪ َة َﻣﻌ َﻤ ُﺮ ُ�ﻦ اﳌ ُ �ﺜﲎ‪ ،‬وا ُ�ﻦ ﻓﺎ ِر ٍس‪ ،‬و ُﻣ�ﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬و ِﻋ ْﻜ ِﺮﻣ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫�‬
‫و�ﲑﱒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎل ﺳﺎ ِﻟﻢ ﻣﻜﺮم‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﲔ اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿﺦُ ٔأ ْ َﲪﺪ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ﺷﺎ ِﻛﺮ‪ ،‬وا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ ْ�ﺪَ َ‬
‫ﺮب ﺷيئًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﲑ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬‫ﻜﲑ �ﲆ َﻣ ِﻦ اد�ﻋﻰ ٔآ �ن ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻓ �ﻌﻲ اﻟﻨ� َ‬ ‫َوﺷ �ﺪ َد اﻻٕﻣﺎ ُم �‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬ﻓﻘﺎ َل ِﻣﳯﻢ ﻗﺎﺋِ ٌﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ و ٔآ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ُن َد �ل �ﲆ ٔآﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺮب‪َ ،‬وو َ�ﺪَ ﻗﺎﺋِ ُﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل َﻣﻦ ﻗَ ِب َﻞ ذ� ِﻣنﻪ ﺗَ ْﻘﻠﯿﺪً ا‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﳾ ٌء ا �ٕﻻ ﺑ ِﻠ ِ‬ ‫َ� ِم ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻩ ﳑ�ﻦ �ﺎﻟَ َﻔﻪ‪ ،‬و�ﻟﺘ� ْﻘﻠﯿ ِﺪ ٔأ ْﻏ َﻔ َﻞ َﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻏ َﻔ َﻞ ِﻣﳯﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫� و�َ ْﺮ ًﰷ لﻠ َﻤ ْﺴأٔ ِ� ﻋﻦ ُﺣ �ﺠ ِﺘﻪ و َﻣ ْﺴأٔ ِ� ْ ِ‬
‫وﷲ ﯾَﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ وﳍﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪۸٥‬‬
 ‫و ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ِد � ِ� اﻟ�ﱵ ْاﺳتَنَﺪوا إ�ﳱﺎ‪:‬‬
‫َﻨﺎوﻟَﺖ ذ�‪،‬‬ ‫�ت اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ ﺑآٔﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ﰲ َﲨﯿﻊ ِ ا�ٓ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﲑ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﴏا� ُﺔ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻮن﴾ ]ﯾﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،[٢ :‬وﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻣث ُﻞ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا�� �آ ْن َﺰﻟْﻨَﺎ ُﻩ ﻗُ ْﺮآٓ�ً َﻋ َﺮِﺑ �ﯿﺎ ﻟَ َﻌﻠ � ُ ْﲂ ﺗَ ْﻌ ِﻘﻠُ َ‬
‫�‬
‫﴿ َو َﻛ َﺬ ِ َ� �آ ْن َﺰﻟْﻨَﺎ ُﻩ ﻗُ ْﺮآٓ�ً َﻋ َ ِﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ﴾ ]ﻃﻪ‪ ،[١١٣ :‬وﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻗُ ْﺮآٓ�ً َﻋ َ ِﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ �َ ْ َﲑ ِذي ِﻋ َﻮ ٍج‬
‫ﻮن﴾‬ ‫ﻮن﴾ ]اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‪ ،[٢٨ :‬وﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا�� َﺟ َﻌﻠْﻨَﺎ ُﻩ ﻗُ ْﺮآٓ�ً َﻋ َ ِﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ﻟَ َﻌﻠ � ُ ْﲂ ﺗَ ْﻌ ِﻘﻠُ َ‬ ‫ﻟَ َﻌﻠ�ﻬ ُْﻢ ﯾَﺘ� ُﻘ َ‬
‫�‬
‫]اﻟﺰﺧﺮف‪ ،[٣ :‬وﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ِ ﴿ :‬ﺑ ِﻠ َﺴ ٍﺎن َﻋ َﺮ ِ ٍ ّﰊ ُﻣب ٍِﲔ﴾ ]اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‪. [١٩٥ :‬‬
‫ﺮب ٕاﻧ �ﲈ‬‫ﻮﱒ ٔآ �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ﺮب ﳾ ٌء ﻟ َﺘ َﻮ � َﱒ ُﻣتَ ِ ّ ٌ‬ ‫�ﲑ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻟﻮ َ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﻻ ﯾ َ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓﻮﳖَ ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ْﯿﺎن ﲟِ ِﺜ� ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ٔأﰏ ﺑﻠُ ٍ‬ ‫َ َﲺ َﺰ ْت ﻋﻦ ا ٕﻻﺗ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن‬ ‫ﺴﲑ ٔآﻟْ ِ‬ ‫و�ﲑﻩ ِﻣﻦ ﺗَ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﲈ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﺎ َرواﻩ ا ُ�ﻦ َﺟﺮ� ٍﺮ ﻋﻦ ا ِ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس َر َ‬
‫ٔأﳖ� ﺎ �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو َ ْﳓ ِﻮ ذ� ﰲ َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﻮ ِاﺿﻊ ِ‪ٕ -‬اﻧ �ﲈ اﺗ � َﻔ َﻖ ﻓﳱﺎ‬
‫ﺮب واﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُس واﳊَبَﺸ ُﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔﻆٍ وا ِ�ﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓتَﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﲠﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺗَﻮ ُار ُد الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ�ﱵ َو َرد َْت ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ ٕاﻧ �ﲈ ُو ِ�ﺪَ ْت ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ٔآ �ن ﺗ� ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬ ‫‪َ� -٤‬ﺮى ُ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎﻇﺎ‪َ ،‬وﳚ ُﻮز ٔأن �ﻜﻮﻧﻮا َﺳ� َﺒﻘﻮا إﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت و ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱶﻫﺎ ٔأﻟْ ً‬ ‫ﺮب؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ ٔأ ْو َﺳ ُﻊ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫وﻫﺬا �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ُي ٔ�ﰊ اﳌَﻌﺎﱄ َﺷ� ْﯿﺪَ �‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ٔآ ُي اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪َ� :‬ﺮى ُوﻗﻮ َع اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪ ،‬وﲠِ ﺬا �اﻟﺮ ٔآ ِي ﻗﺎ َل َ ْﲨﻬَﺮ ٌة َﻛﺒﲑ ٌة‬
‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ �ﻼﻣ ُﺔ ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،‬و َ� ْ ُﱪ ا ٔ� �ﻣ ِﺔ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ِء واﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﻬﺎ ِء؛ ِﻣﳯﻢ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ �ﻼﻣ ُﺔ اﻟ �ﺴ� �‬
‫ﻘيﺐ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺑﻮ َﻣي َْﴪةَ‪ ،‬واﻟﻀ� ��ﺎكُ ‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ﯾﲏ‪ ،‬وا ُ�ﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫ا ُ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس‪ ،‬واﻻٕﻣﺎ ُم اﳉ َُﻮ �‬
‫ﺘﻮر َر َﻣﻀﺎن ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﺘ� �ﻮاب‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛﲔ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫َﺳﻌﯿﺪُ ُ�ﻦ ُﺟ َب ْ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ اﳌُ�ﺪَ َ‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ َﻛﺜﲑٌ ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ِد��ﳤِ ﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬‫ﲈت اﻟيَﺴﲑ َة ْ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫‪ٔ -١‬أ�ﺎﺑﻮا ﻋﻦ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻗُ ْﺮآٓ�ً َﻋ َﺮِﺑ �ﯿﺎ﴾ ]اﻟﺰﺧﺮف‪ [٣ :‬ﺑأٔ �ن َ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻻ ُﲣ ِﺮ ُ�ﻪ ﻋﻦ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘﺼﯿﺪ ُة اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ ﻻ َﲣ ُﺮ ُج ﻋﳯﺎ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔﻈ ٍﺔ ﻓﳱﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﯿﺎق‪ٔ :‬أ َ� ٌم‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪� ﴿ :‬أ �أ ْ َﲺ ِﻤ �ﻲ َو َﻋ َﺮ ِ �ﰊ﴾ ]ﻓﺼﻠﺖ‪ [٤٤ :‬ﺑأٔ �ن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ� ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫�ﺎﻃ ٌﺐ َﻋﺮ ّﰊ!‬ ‫ﻤﻲ و ُﻣ َ‬ ‫ٔأ َﲺ �‬

‫‪۸٦‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎ َل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َﻣﺎ �أ ْر َﺳﻠْﻨَﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َر ُﺳﻮلٍ ا �ﻻ‬ ‫ﰻ ا ٔ� َﻣﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫‪ٔ -٢‬أ �ن اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ ُﻣ َﺮﺳ ٌﻞ إﱃ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫َ ِ ِ�‬
‫تﺎب اﳌ ْﺒﻌﻮث ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِﺑ ِﻠ َﺴ ِﺎن ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻣ ِﻪ ِﻟ ُﯿ َﺒ ِ ّ َﲔ ﻟَﻬ ُْﻢ﴾ ]إ�ﺮاﻫﲓ‪ ،[٤ :‬ﻓﻼ ﺑُ �ﺪ ٔأن َ‬
‫ﰷن ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﺑﻠُﻐ ِﺔ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻣﻪ ﻫﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰻ ﻗَ ْﻮ ٍم وٕان َ‬ ‫ِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ِ ّ‬
‫ﴏ ِف َ ْﳓ ِﻮ " ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ َﲓ" لﻠ َﻌﻠَﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﻟ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ور �د‬ ‫ﻔﺎق اﻟﻨ��ﺎ ِة �ﲆ ٔأ �ن َﻣ ْن َﻊ َ ْ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬وا ْﺳ� َﺘﺪﻟ�ﻮا � ِﺗ ّ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ُﻣ َﻮ �� ٌﻪ ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ إذا‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟ� ُم ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻼف َ‬ ‫ﺪﻻل ﺑأٔ �ن ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ َم ﻟيﺴﺖ َﻣ َ� �ﻞ ِ� ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا � ْﺳ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫اﺗ � ِﻔ َﻖ �ﲆ ُوﻗﻮعِ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم ﻓﻼ ﻣﺎ ِﻧ َﻊ ِﻣﻦ ُوﻗﻮعِ ا ٔ� ْﺟنﺎس‪.‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﻖ اﻟ َﻔﺮﯾ َﻘﲔِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﰟ ُ�ﻦ َﺳ �ﻼ ٍم‪ :‬و�َﺮى ﺗ َْﺼ َ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ٔأ ُي اﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِﻟ ُﺚ‪ :‬وﯾ َ َﱱ � ُﲻﻪ ٔأﺑﻮ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿ ٍﺪ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﻟﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠَ ِﻒ �‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ر ٔأ ِي َﺷ� ْﯿ ِ�ﻪ ٔأﰊ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿﺪ َة ور ٔأ ِي �‬ ‫ﺣيﺚ و َاز َن ْ َ‬‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺑ َﻘﲔِ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ؛ ُ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ر ٔأ ٌي ﻣﺎ َل‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ٔأن َﻋ �ﺮ�َ ْﳤﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫وا ْنﳤَ يﻰ إﱃ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل ﺑ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫َﺮون ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﻮزي‪ ،‬وآٓﺧ َ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪ ،‬وا ُ�ﻦ اﳉ ِ ّ‬ ‫إﻟﯿﻪ ا ُ�ﻦ َﺟﺮ� ٍﺮ‪ ،‬واﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ﺛﲔ اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿﺦُ ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ اﻟﻘﺎ ِد ِر اﳌ َ ْﻐ ِﺮ ّﰊ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌُ�ﺪَ َ‬
‫ﺪﯾﻖ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮﻟَﲔِ َﲨﯿ ًﻌﺎ؛ وذ� ٔأ �ن ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫َﺐ ﻓيﻪ ﺗ َْﺼ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮ ُاب ﻋﻨﺪي َﻣﺬﻫ ٌ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل ٔأﺑﻮ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿ ٍﺪ‪) :‬و �‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْﺣ ُﺮ َف ٔأﺻﻮﻟُﻬﺎ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﻬﺎ ُء‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﳯ� ﺎ َوﻗَ َﻌ ْﺖ لﻠ َﻌ َﺮ ِب ﻓ َﻌ �ﺮ�َ ْﳤﺎ ﺑأٔﻟْ ِﺴنﳤِ ﺎ و َﺣ �ﻮ�َ ْﳤﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎر ْت َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ نَ َﺰ َل اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ُن وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺧتَﻠَ َﻄ ْﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ إﱃ ٔآﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ٔآﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﺮب‪َ ،‬ﳁﻦ ﻗﺎ َل إﳖ� ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺻﺎ ِد ٌق‪ ،‬و َﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬إﳖ� ﺎ َ َﲺ ِﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﻓﺼﺎ ِدق(‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺮوف َ�� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ُ‬
‫ﺮب �ﲆ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ َﺔ إذا ا ْﺳ� َﺘﻌ َﻤﻠَ ْﳤﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ْﺮﰊ‪) :‬ا �ٕن َ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل ا ٔ� ْﺳ�ﺘﺎ ُذ ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ اﻟﻘﺎ ِد ِر اﳌَﻐ �‬ ‫و ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫ﲝﯿﺚ ﯾ َ ِﺼ �ﺢ ٔأن ﯾ َ ِﲋ َل ﲠﺎ َاﻟﻮ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﲢ �ﻮﻟَ ْﺖ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ ُ‬ ‫نﺎﳗﻬﺎ ٔأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺤ ْﺖ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ُ‬ ‫َﻣ ِ ِ‬
‫ﰷن ﺻﺎ ِدﻗًﺎ؛ ﻓﻬيﻲ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﰷن ﺻﺎ ِدﻗًﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬إﳖ� ﺎ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ َ‬ ‫اﻻ �ٕﻟﻬيﻲ‪َ ،‬ﳁﻦ ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬إﳖ� ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﻗَ ْﻮ ُ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ا�� �آ ْن َﺰﻟْﻨَﺎ ُﻩ ﻗُ ْﺮآٓ�ً َﻋ َ ِﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ �ﺑْ ِﺘﺪا ِء‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﰲ � ْنﳤِ ﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و�ﲆ ﻫﺬا ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ َِ �‬ ‫]ﯾﻮﺳﻒ‪َ [٢ :‬ﺣﻘ�ﺎ ِ‬
‫وﺻ ْﺪﻗًﺎ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن �ﲆ ﻫﺬا ﻛﺜﲑٌ ﻣﻦ ا�ﳫﲈت اﳌ �ﻌﺮﺑﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰﺟيﺢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ْ� -‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬‫ﻓيﻖ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮ َاب ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ َ ْﺴأٔ ِ� ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ُي اﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِﻟ ُﺚ ﳑ�ﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا �ﻟﺘ� ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫وﷲ ٔأ ْ� َ ُﲅ‪ٔ -‬أ �ن �‬
‫نَﺮى ‪ُ -‬‬
‫ﻘيﻖ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮﻟَﲔِ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺑ َﻘﲔِ‬ ‫ﯿﻖ ﰲ َ ْﲢ ِ‬ ‫ﺎب ﻫﺬا �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِي �أوﻟﻮ ﻧ ََﻈ ٍﺮ َﲻ ٍ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ٔأﯾَﲔِ اﳌ ُ َﺘﻀﺎد ِ��ﻦ؛ ٔ� �ن ٔأ ْﲱ َ‬
‫َ�ﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ر ٔأ ٌي ﯾ َ َﺘﻮاﻓَ ُﻖ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت والﻠ�ﻬ ِ‬ ‫�ﻠﳱﻢ‪ ،‬و�ﲆ ّ ِاﻃﻼعٍ و ِاﺳﻊ ٍ ﺑ ُﻌﻠﻮ ِم الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ وﺗَﻌ �ﺪ ِد الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ِتﲔ لﻠ ُﻤ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪ ،‬وٕاﱃ َ� ٍّﺪ ﻣﺎ ﯾ َ َﺘﻮاﻓَ ُﻖ ﻣ َﻊ ر ٔآ ِي اﳌُﻨ ِﻜﺮ َ�ﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗَﲈ ًﻣﺎ ﻣ َﻊ ر ٔآ ِي اﳌُﺜْﺒ َ‬
‫‪۸۷‬‬
‫ﻓيﻖ ﱂ �َ َﺮوا ﺧ ََﻄأ�‬ ‫ﺎب اﻟﺘ� ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌُﻨ ِﻜﺮ َ�ﻦ ﻗﺪ ٔأﺳﺎ َء ﻓَﻬ َْﻢ ﻗَﻀ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ ْﲱ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻜن�ﻪ ا ْﻋ َﺘ َ َﱪ َ‬
‫ِتﲔ؛ ُﻟﻮرو ِد اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ؛ ٔ� �ن ﻫﺬا وا ِﻗ ٌﻊ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳ� �ﯿﲈ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل اﳌُﺜْﺒ َ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ ،‬وﱂ �َ َﺮوا ﺧ ََﻄأ� ﻛﺬ� ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل‬ ‫اﺳﺎت اﳌ ُ ْﺴ� َﺘﻔيﻀ ِﺔ ﰲ ِ� ِﲅ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ واﳊ ِ‬ ‫ّ ِا�ر ِ‬
‫اﳌُﻨ ِﻜﺮ َ�ﻦ لﻠ ُﻤ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ٔآ �ن اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ َن اﻟ َﻜﺮ َﱘ ﻻ ﯾَآٔﰐ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔﻈ ٍﺔ ٔآ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺮب‬ ‫ﻘﺎل ﻋﳯﺎ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ِﻗ ْﺴ ٌﻢ ِﻣﳯﺎ ﰷﻧ َِﺖ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ٔأﰏ ﺑﻪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻟْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وٕاﻧ �ﲈ �‬ ‫ﯾَﻔﻬَ ُﻤﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻌﻞ و ٔأ ْد َ�ﻠَ ْﺘﻪ ﰲ َ� ِﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺢ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ﻓَﺼﯿ ً�ﺎ‪َ ،‬وو َر َد ِﻣﳯﺎ اﻟ َﻜ ُثﲑ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َﻋ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ �ﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬
‫�ب ﺗَﻮ ُار ِد الﻠ�ﻐﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ واﻟﻨ� ْ ِﱶ اﳉﺎ ِﻫﻠ �ﯿﲔِ ‪ ،‬و ِﻗ ْﺴ ٌﻢ ِﻣﳯﺎ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫َﻟﯿﻞ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َو َر َد اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ؟ ﻧ َْﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ َو َردَ‪ ،‬و ٔآ َد �ل د ٍ‬ ‫ﻼف‪ْ :‬‬ ‫َﲿ ْﺴ ًﻤﺎ لﻠ ِ� ِ‬
‫ﰷن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﻗيﻞ ﺗَﻌﻠ � ًﻤﺎ ٔأو‬ ‫ﻌﻲ وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﳌُﻨ ِﻜﺮ� َﻦ‪) :‬وﻻ ﻧ ُﻨ ِﻜ ُﺮ إذ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻓ ّ ِ‬‫ﻫﺬا ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﻻٕﻣﺎ ِم �‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﯾَﺘ� ِﻔ ُﻖ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﯿﻼ ِﻣﻦ ِﻟ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ ٔأو ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ﻗَ ً‬ ‫ﻧ ُِﻄ َﻖ ﺑﻪ َﻣ ْﻮﺿﻮ�ًﺎ‪ٔ -‬أن ﯾُﻮا ِﻓ َﻖ ِﻟ ُ‬
‫ﻼف ِﻟﺴﺎﳖِ ﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﻠﯿ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻟْ ِﺴ�ﻨ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ اﳌ ُ َﺘﺒﺎﯾِﻨ ِﺔ ﰲ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ِﱶ َ� ِﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ ﺗَﻨﺎﰄ ِد� ِرﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وا ْﺧ ِت ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِﻟﺴﺎ ِﻧﻪ ِﻣﳯﺎ(‪ ،‬و َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﻗﻮ ِال اﻟﻮ ِارد ِة ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َﻣﻦ واﻓَ َﻘ ْﺖ َ‬ ‫اﴏ ﺑ ْيﳯَ ﺎ و ْ َ‬ ‫وﺑُ ْﻌ ِﺪ ا ٔ�و ِ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن‬
‫ﲀرﱒ ُﻟﻮرو ِد ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌُﻨ ِﻜﺮ َ�ﻦ ‪�ٔ -‬ﰊ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿﺪ َة‪� -‬ﲆ ﻫﺬا ا ِﳌ ْﻨﻮ ِال‪ ،‬ﻓ ٕﺎ ْن ُ‬
‫اﰣ ٔآﳖ� ﻢ ﱂ �َ ْﺮﻓُﻀﻮا‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ ﻻ ﯾ َ َﻠﺰ ُم ﻋﻨﻪ َﴐور ًة َرﻓْ ُﺾ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ٔآﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﳁﻦ اﻟﻮ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺳﺎء ﻓَﻬ َْﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟ َﻘﻀ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰷﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿ ِﺦ ٔأ ْ َﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﲔ ﻗﺪ ٔأ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌُ�ﺪَ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ َ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ َب وﻗَبِﻠﻮا ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ﻗي َﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ٕاﻧ �ﻪ‬ ‫ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ﺷﺎ ِﻛﺮ‪� ،‬ا�ي �َﺮى ٔآ �ن اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ َب ﱂ �َ ِﺮ ْد ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ٔآ ْﺻ ًﻼ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫ﻔﺎظ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ َﻢ ُ ْﱒ َﻣﻦ ٔأ�َﺬوا ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ�ﻟْ َ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫�ب ﺗَﻮ ُار ِد الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﻓﻬﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﲈت‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇ ِ‬ ‫ﻘﻮل )ﻻ ﯾُﻌ َﻘ ُﻞ ٔأن َ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓ َي ُ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ ،‬ﻓتَ ْﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ‪�-‬ﺎﺷﺎ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم‪ -‬دَﺧي ً� �ﲆ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬و ٔأ� ََﺬ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ﻗﺪ ٔأ� َ�ﺮ ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﲁ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫َﻟﯿﻞ؛ �‬ ‫َﻌﺴ ٌﻒ ﺑﻼ د ٍ‬ ‫وﻻ َﺷ �ﻚ ٔأ �ن ﻫﺬا ﺗ �‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ ٔأ �ن اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿﺦَ ﺷﺎ ِﻛ ًﺮا َر ِ َﲪﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻌﺾ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﻟيﺴﺖ ﺑ ِْﺪ�ًﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ﺑ َ ْﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ﺑ َ ٍ‬
‫ﰷن‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜن�ﻪ ﻣ َﻊ ﻫﺬا ِﳇّﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب لﻠ َﺠﻮ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺣيﺚ ﺣﻘ� َﻖ ِﻛ َ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻌ ِﱰ ٌف �ﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ُﲻﻮ ًﻣﺎ؛ ُ‬
‫ﰷن‬ ‫تﺎب‪َ ،‬‬ ‫�ﲑ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم اﻟﻮا ِرد ِة ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﲈت ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ َ ْﲢﻘي ِﻘﻪ َ ِ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﯾُﺜ ِب َﺖ َﻋﺮﺑي�ﳤَ ﺎ‪ ،‬و�َ ُﺮ �د �ﻠﯿﻪ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق اﻟ َﻌﺮ �ﰊ �‬ ‫�ﲔ ﻟﻬﺎ � ْﺷ� ِﺘ َ‬ ‫ﯾ َ َﺘ � ُ‬

‫‪۸۸‬‬
‫ﻔﺎت � ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎ ِﻗيّ َِﲔ ﻻ � َﺸﻬَﺪُ ﻟﻬﺎ ُﺷ� ْﳢ ٌﺔ ﻓَﻀْ ًﻼ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ ٔأ �ن )ﺗَ َﻌ �ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻨَ ْﻘ ٍﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻻٕﻣﺎ ِم اﻟ �ﺴ� ّ ِ‬
‫ُﺣ ��ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪ‪) :‬ا �ٕن َﻣ ْﻮﺿﻮ�ًﺎ ﺷﺎ�ِ ًﲀ ‪-‬ﳈَ ْﻮﺿﻮعِ ُوﻗﻮعِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫و ُ‬
‫ﲝﯿﺚ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺼ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻦ ﯾَﺘأٔ �ﰏ ﻫﺬا ا �ٕﻻ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜﺮ ِﱘ‪ -‬ﻻ ﺑُ �ﺪ ِﻣﻦ ﻧ َْﻈﺮ ٍة ِ�ﻠﻤ �ﯿ ٍﺔ َﺳﺪﯾﺪ ٍة ُ‬
‫ﻗﻮف �ﲆ َﺣﻘيﻘ ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآٓﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ � ُ ِﺴبَ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﻼل ِ� ِﲅ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳌُﻘﺎ ِر ِن؛ ُ‬
‫ﺣيﺚ ُاﻟﻮ ُ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ِ� ِ‬
‫ﲈت‪ ،‬وﺑﺬ�‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬‫ﻗﻮف �ﲆ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎو ُ� ﺗَأٔﺻﯿ ِﻠﻬﺎ ُلﻠﻮ ِ‬ ‫إﱃ ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ُﻣ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠﻔ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﻜﺮي ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟ َﻘﻀ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﲆ ٔأ ُﺳ ٍﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﴫاعِ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ ّ‬
‫�ب ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﺻ ُ� وﯾُﻘ َﻔ َﻞ ُ‬ ‫ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ٔأن ﺗﻘﺎ َل َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ اﻟ ِ‬
‫ﷲ و َﻋ ْﻮ ٍن ِﻣنﻪ‬
‫ﻓيﻖ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺮ ِد‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا وﻧ ََﻈ ًﺮا ٔ�ﻧ �ﲏ ﺑ َﺘ ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ�ﻠﻤ �ﯿ ٍﺔ َﺳﻠﳰ ٍﺔ ﺑَﻌﯿﺪ ٍة ﻋﻦ َﻣ ِنﻄ ِﻖ اﻟﻬَﻮى اﳌ ُ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻘﻮل ﺑأٔ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿﳤِ ﺎ ﻛﲈ ﺳيَت� ِﻀ ُﺢ ﻓ� ﺑ ْﻌﺪُ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲈت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﯿﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎو َ� ﺗَأٔ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ� َْﺬ ُت �ﲆ �ﺎﺗﻘﻲ ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﷲ‬‫ﲈت‪ ،‬ﻓ ٕﺎﻧ �ﲏ ﺗ ََﻮ �ﺻﻠْ ُﺖ َﲝ ْﻤ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬‫ﺻﯿﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑ ِﺔ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﻟﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻻﻗَ ْيﳤُ ﺎ ﰲ ﺗَأٔ ِ‬ ‫َور ْ َﰬ �‬
‫إﱃ ﻧ َتي� ٍﺔ ٔآ ْﺳ� َﺘﻄﯿ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ ِ�ﻼ ِﻟﻬﺎ ٔآن ٔآ ْﺟ ِﺰ َم ُﺑﻮﻗﻮعِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮﱘ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۸۹‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ‬
‫‪ -‬ا �� ّب‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻓَﺎ ِﻛﻬَ ًﺔ َو �أ ��﴾ ]�بﺲ‪.[٣١ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟ� واﳌ َ ْﺮﻋﻰ‪ ،‬وا�ٓﺧ َُﺮ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﺼﺪُ وا�ﳤ� �ﯿﺆ‪ ،‬و ٔآ�ْﺸَ ﺪَ ﻟ ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻼن‪ٔ :‬آ َ�ﺪُ ﻫﲈ‪� َ َ :‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ٔآ ْﺻ ِ‬ ‫ِﻟﻬﺬﻩ َ ِ‬
‫وكﺼﺎر ٍم * ٔأ ٌخ ﻗﺪ َﻃﻮى َﻛ ْﺸ ً�ﺎ و �أ �ب ِﻟ َﯿ ْﺬﻫَﺒﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴏ ْﻣ ُﲂ‬
‫ﴏ ْﻣ ُﺖ وﱂ ٔأ ْ ِ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﺸيﺶ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺧتَﻠَ َﻒ �ُﻠَﲈ ُء الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ﺣﻮ َل ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻐﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ �َ ْﺮ�َﺮﯾ � ٌﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ اﳊَ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪ٔ " :‬آ ��" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺜ � َﻤﺮ ِة‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴚ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓرا ِﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ و �اﻟﺰ ْر َﻛ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟ �ﺴ� ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪" :‬ﰊ آٓب"‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎ ٍء‪ٔ ،‬آو ﺑﻼ َر ْوﻧ ٍَﻖ‪ ،‬و"ﰊ آٓﰊ"‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ ِ‬
‫اﳉَﻔﺎف‪.‬‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ْ�ﺮاﻫﲓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎت ﻓَأ�ﺗَ �ﻤﻬ �ُﻦ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪َ ،[١٢٤ :‬وو َرد َْت‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ِذ اﺑْ َﺘ َﲆ ا ْ� َﺮا ِﻫ َﲓ َرﺑ � ُﻪ ِ� َ ِﳫ َﻤ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫ﻛﺬ� ﰲ َﻣﻮا ِﻃ َﻦ َﻛ �ﺜﲑ ٍة ُﻣتَ ّ ِﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮب �ﲆ ُوﺟﻮ ٍﻩ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪ٕ " :‬ا ْ�ﺮاﻫﲓ" وﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﰟ �َ ٍﲅ ٔأ ْ َﲺ ّ ٍ‬ ‫ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ ُﲓ‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﻗُ ِﺮ َئ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬و"إ�ﺮ ِاﱒ" �ﲆ َ� ْﺬ ِف اﻟﯿﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و" ٕا ْ� َﺮ َﱒ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻬﻮر‪ ،‬و" ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫﺎم" ْ‬ ‫اﳌ َ ْﺸ ُ‬
‫و" ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ ُﲓ" ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﻋﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ�ﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� " ٔأ ْ�ﺮاﻫﺎم אַ בְ ָרהָ ם"‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ " ٔأ ْ�ﺮام"‬
‫ﴪ ْت‬ ‫و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ٔ :‬أﺑﻮ ا ٔ� َﻣ ِﻢ‪ٔ ،‬أو ا ٔ� ُب �اﻟﺮﻓي ُﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬واﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ُة ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ َﻣ ْﻔتﻮ� ٌﺔ ا �ٕﻻ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻛ ِ َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗُ ِﻠ َﺒ ْﺖ ٔأ ِﻟ ُﻒ اﳌ َ ِّﺪ اﻟﺜ�ﺎﻧﯿ ُﺔ �ء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ٕ -‬اﺑْﻠيﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻗَﺎ َل َ� اﺑْ ِﻠ ُيﺲ َﻣﺎ َﻣنَ َﻌ َﻚ �أ ْن � َ ْﺴ ُ�ﺪَ ِﻟ َﻤﺎ َ�ﻠَ ْﻘ ُﺖ ِﺑ َﯿﺪَ �ي﴾ ]ص‪،[٧٥ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫وﰲ َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓ�ت‪.‬‬

‫‪۹۰‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ �َ ٍﲅ �ﲆ اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿﻄﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د�ﺑﻠﺲ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ�ﲈ ُم واﻟ َﻌﺪُ �و واﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿﻄﺎن‪ .‬و َذﻫ ََﺐ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َ ِ‬
‫ﷲ‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﻢ إﱃ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ " ٔأﺑْﻠَ َﺲ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﯾ َ ِئ َﺲ ِﻣﻦ َر ْﲪ ِﺔ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴫ ِف لﻠ ُﻌ ْﺠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﯿﻞ َﻣنْ ِﻌﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮ ُاب ا ٔ� �و ُل ﺑﺪَ ِ‬ ‫ٔأﺑْﻠَ َﺲ‪ :‬إذا اﻧْ َﻘ َﻄ َﻌ ْﺖ ُﺣ �ﺠ ُﺘﻪ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ�رﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ون * ﺑِأ� ْﻛ َﻮ ٍاب َو �أ َ� ِر َﯾﻖ َو َ �� ٍس‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﯾ َ ُﻄ ُﻮف �َﻠَ ْ ِﳱ ْﻢ ِو ْ َ� ٌان ُﻣ� � َُ� َ‬ ‫َورد َْت ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬
‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ِﻌ ٍﲔ﴾ ]اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ‪.[١٨ ،١٧ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪُ َاﻟﱪﯾﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬اﻻٕ� ُء �ا�ي � ﺧ ُْﺮﻃﻮ ٌم‪،‬‬ ‫ا ٕﻻ ْ�ﺮ ُﯾﻖ‪ :‬اﻻٕ� ُء‪ ،‬وا ٕﻻ ْ�ﺮ ُﯾﻖ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ُﻒ �‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ٔ :‬أ�رﯾﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﱔ ﻟَ ْﻔﻈ ٌﺔ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑﺔ‪ٔ ،‬آ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪" :‬آٓ�ﺮ ْ�ﺰ"‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ "آٓب رﳜﱳ" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َﺻ ِ ّﺐ اﳌﺎ ِء‪،‬‬
‫"آٓب"‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٌء‪" ،‬رﳜﱳ"‪َ :‬ﺻ �ﺐ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﲆ ا�� ﻟْ ِﻮ واﻻٕ� ِء ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ْدر�ﺲ‪:‬‬
‫َو َر َد ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و ْاذ ُﻛ ْﺮ ِﰲ ْاﻟ ِﻜتَ ِﺎب ا ْد ِر َ�ﺲ اﻧ � ُﻪ َﰷ َن ِﺻ ِّﺪﯾ ًﻘﺎ ﻧ َ ِبي�ﺎ * َو َرﻓَ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُﻩ َﻣ َﲀ�ً‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫�َ ِﻠ �ﯿﺎ﴾ ]ﻣﺮﱘ‪.[٥٧ ،٥٦ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ٕا ْدر َ�ﺲ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ﰟ �َ ٍﲅ ﻟﻨَ ِ ّﱯ ِ‬
‫ا ُ‬
‫ﻌﻞ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪ ِ ّي "د ََرس" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﺗ �َﻌﲅ‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٔ�راﺋِﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ُ ﴿ :‬ﻣت� ِﻜ ِئ َﲔ ِﻓﳱَﺎ �َ َﲆ ْ �ا� َراﺋِ ِﻚ ِﻧ ْﻌ َﻢ اﻟﺜ َ�ﻮ ُاب َو َﺣ ُﺴن َ ْﺖ ُﻣ ْﺮﺗَ َﻔ ًﻘﺎ﴾‬ ‫َورد َْت ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬
‫]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪.[٣١ :‬‬

‫‪۹۱‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ُﻣ َﻔﺮدُﻫﺎ ا ٔ�ر�ﻜ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ‪َ :‬ﴎ ٌ�ﺮ ﰲ َﺣ َ� ٍ�‪ ،‬واﳊَ َ� ُ�‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ٌﺖ ﰷﻟ ُﻘب� ِﺔ � َ ُ‬
‫ُﺴﱰ �ﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬
‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ا�� ِﻜ َﺊ �ﻠﯿﻪ ِﻣﻦ َﴎ� ٍﺮ ٔأو ِﻓﺮ ٍاش ٔأو‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ُ�ﺮ اﳌُﻨ ��ﺪُ اﳌُﺰ�� ُﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ �‬ ‫ا ٔ�ر�ﻜ ُﺔ‪� :‬‬
‫ﯾﻚ و ٔأراﺋِﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﲑﻩ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ ٔأر ٌ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ ُر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﻟ �ﺴ� ّ‬
‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ُ � :‬‬
‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ﻟيﺴﺖ َ�بَﺸ� �ﯿ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وٕاﻧ �ﲈ ﱔ ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و�َﺮى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪ٔ " :‬آورﻧﻚ" وﱔ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ "آٓراﱚ"‪ :‬زﯾﻨ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ "ﻧﯿﻚ"‪ٔ :‬آي‪َ :‬ﲨﯿ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬وﻧ َ َﻘ َ� ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫�أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﴘ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ِ :‬ﻓﺮ ٌاش و َﻣﺮﻗَ ٌﺪ َﺟ ِيّ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﻟ ُﻌﻨَيْ ّ‬
‫‪ -‬آٓدَم‪:‬‬
‫ﺎب �َﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻪ اﻧ � ُﻪ ﻫ َُﻮ اﻟﺘ� �ﻮ ُاب �اﻟﺮ ِﺣ ُﲓ﴾‬
‫ﺎت ﻓَتَ َ‬ ‫َو َر َد ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَتَﻠَﻘ�ﻰ آ ٓ َد ُم ِﻣ ْﻦ َرِﺑ ّ ِﻪ َ ِﳇ َﻤ ٍ‬
‫�‬
‫]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٣٧ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ُب‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ﴩ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﷲ آ ٓ َد َم ٔآﰊ اﻟبَ َ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ ﻟﻨَ ِ ّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ا ٌ‬
‫ا ْﺧتَﻠَ َﻒ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ُء ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ا ��دْﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻮ ُن �اﻟﱰ ِاب؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ‬
‫ُ� ِﻠ َﻖ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﱰ ِاب‪ٔ ،‬أو ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ُ� ِﻠ َﻖ ِﻣﻦ ٔأد ِﱘ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪ُ ،‬ﻓﺴ ِّﻤ َﻲ ﺑِﺬ�‪.‬‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪ �ي‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪� :‬اﻟﱰاب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬آ ٓ َزر‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْذ ﻗَﺎ َل ا ْ� َﺮا ِﻫ ُﲓ ِ ��ﺑِﯿ ِﻪ آ ٓ َز َر �آﺗَﺘ� ِ� ُﺬ �آ ْﺻﻨَﺎ ًﻣﺎ آ آ ِﻟﻬَ ًﺔ﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﻧﻌﺎم‪.[٧٤ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫� �ُ � �‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻧُﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺜﲑا ِﻣﻦ اﻟن � �ﺴ َ‬
‫ﺎﺑﲔ‬ ‫�ﲑ ٔأ �ن َﻛ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﰟ ٔآﰊ ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ َﲓ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ ٍﲅ ٔآ ْ َﲺ ّ ٍ‬ ‫آ ٓ َز ُر‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫ﰷن "�رخ"‪ ،‬و �ا�ي ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ﯾَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ ٔآ �ن ا َﲰﻪ آ ٓ َزر‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آ ٓ َز ُر‬ ‫ﰟ ٔآﺑﯿﻪ َ‬ ‫�َﺮى ٔآ �ن ا َ‬
‫ﰲ ﻟُﻐﳤِ ﻢ َذ �م‪�ٔ ،‬ﻧ �ﻪ ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬وٕا ْذ ﻗﺎ َل ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ ُﲓ ٔ�ﺑﯿﻪ اﳋﺎ ِﻃ ِﺊ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪" :‬ﻫﻮ آ ٓ َز ُر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ�رخ‬
‫ﻘﻮب"‪.‬‬‫ِﻣث ُﻞ ا ْٕﴎاﺋﯿ َﻞ وﯾ َ ْﻌ َ‬

‫‪۹۲‬‬
 ‫ﺣيﺚ‬ ‫ﯿﲑ؛ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ َﻃ َﺮ �آ �ﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺘ� ْﻐ ُ‬ ‫ثﲔ ٔآ �ن ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ "آ ٓ َز َر" ﻫﻮ "� ِرخ" و ْ‬ ‫و�َﺮى ﻓَﺮﯾﻖٌ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﺣ َ‬
‫�ﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ‬ ‫�ﻮر ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻮرا ِة "� ِرح"‪ ،‬وﰲ �َ ْﺮﲨ ِﺔ اﻟﺘ� ْﻮرا ِة اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌ َ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ِﺔ � ْ‬ ‫ا �ٕن ا َﲰﻪ اﳌ َ ْﺬ َ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ُ� ِﺬﻓَ ْﺖ ِﻣنﻪ اﳋﺎ ُء‪ ،‬و"�َﺮا" ٔأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺢ �ﻟ َﻘﻠْ ِﺐ اﳌَﲀ ِ ّﱐ‬ ‫ﰷن ﻧ ُْﻄ ُﻘﻪ‪َ�" :‬ﺮا"‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﺒﻌﯿني� ِﺔ َ‬
‫"آٓ�ﺮ" ُ �ﰒ "آ ٓ َزر"‪ ،‬و ِﻣث ُﻞ ﻫﺬا ُوﻗﻮ�ُﻪ �ﺎ�ِ ٌﺰ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪�" :‬يﴗ"‪ ،‬و ٔآ ْﺻ ُ� �ﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ "�ﺸﻮع"‪،‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ إﱃ ٔآ �و ِﻟﻬﺎ و ٔآ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺤ ِﺖ اﻟﻮ ُاو �ء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧْ َﺘ َﻘﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ُﲔ ِﻣﻦ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ َ ِ‬
‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﻟ �ﺴ� ّ‬
‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪ‪.‬‬‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﯾَﻤﯿ ُﻞ إﻟﯿﻪ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ ْﺳ�ﺒﺎط‪:‬‬
‫َﴩ َة �أ ْﺳ� َﺒ ًﺎﻃﺎ �أ َﻣ ًﻤﺎ﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﻋﺮاف‪.[١٦٠ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻗَ �ﻄ ْﻌﻨَ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺎﱒ اﺛْن َ َ ْﱵ ﻋ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫وﱒ �ا��ﻦ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِ ّﺴ� ْﺒﻂُ‪َ :‬و َ ُ� َاﻟﻮ َ ِ� ٔأو َو َ ُ� اﻟ ِﺒنْ ِﺖ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِ ّﺴ� ْﺒﻂُ ِﻣﻦ ا�ﳱَ ﻮ ِد ﰷﻟ َﻘبﯿ ِ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻨﺎء ا ْٕﺳﲈﻋﯿ َﻞ ﻗَبﺎﺋِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺎء ا ْٕﲮ َﺎق؛ ٔ� �ن ٔأﺑْ َ‬ ‫ﻌﻮن إﱃ ٔأ ٍب وا ِ� ٍﺪ‪ ،‬و ٔأرا َد � ٔ� ْﺳ� ِ‬
‫ﺒﺎط ﻫﻨﺎ ٔأﺑْ َ‬ ‫�َ ِﺮﺟ َ‬
‫ُﺸﲑ اﳌُﻌ َﺠ ُﻢ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪ �ي اﻻ ْٕﳒ �‬
‫ﻠﲒي لﻠ َﻌﻬْ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ و� ْ ِﲑﻩ‪ ،‬و� ُ‬ ‫وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ِ� ْﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﻟ �ﺴ� ّ ِ‬
‫ﺒﺎط" َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ‪ sebet :‬اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻗَﺮﯾﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ذ� ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ إﱃ ٔأ �ن َ ِﳇﻤ َﺔ " ٔأ ْﺳ� ٍ‬
‫ا�ٓﺷﻮرﯾ � ِﺔ‪ sabatu :‬وﰲ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪.sibta :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪق‪:‬‬
‫َ �‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ُ ﴿ :‬ﻣت� ِﻜ ِئ َﲔ �َ َﲆ ﻓُ ُﺮ ٍش ﺑ َ َﻄﺎ�ِﳯُ َﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪ ٍق﴾ ]اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪.[٥٤ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻔيﻖ اﻟﻐَﻠﯿﻆُ اﳊ ََﺴﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ �َ َﺮ َق وا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪ َق؛ ِﻟﲈ � ِﻣﻦ �َﺮ ِﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺎج �‬ ‫ّ ِا� ُ‬
‫الﻠ � ْﻮن‪.‬‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪" :‬ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪﻩ" وﻫﻮ اﻟ �ﺸﺪﯾﺪُ ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ ْﺻ ُﻞ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ� :‬ﺴ�ﯿ� ٌﺔ َ�ﯿﻨ ٌﺔ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﴚ‪ ،‬وﱔ‬ ‫�أ ْﻃ ِﻠ َﻘ ْﺖ �ﲆ �َﻠﯿﻆِ ّ ِا�ﯾﺒﺎجِ‪ ،‬واﻟ �ﺴ� ْﻨﺪُ ُس َرﻗي ُﻘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ا ِ�ﻦ ﻗُتَ ْﯿﺒ َﺔ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺰ ْر َﻛ ِ ّ‬
‫ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪" :‬ﺳ� َﺘ ْﱪ" ٔأو "اﺳ� َﺘ ْﱪ"‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻐَﻠﯿﻆُ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﺧ �ُﺺ ﺑﻐَﻠﯿﻆِ‬
‫ّ ِا�ﯾﺒﺎج‪.‬‬

‫‪۹۳‬‬
‫�ﺎن‪ :‬ﻓأٔ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓَﻬْﻠﻮﯾ�ﺔ‪َ ،‬ذﻫ ََﺐ إﱃ ﻫﺬا ُﻣﺤ �ﻤ ٌﺪ ٔأﻟﺘﻮﳒﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟ �ﺴ� ْﺒ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎف ﰲ‬ ‫ﺴﻮج ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ وا ��ﻫ َِﺐ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﲠُ ﺎ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪ ٌق‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﲈش َﻣنْ ٌ‬ ‫"ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪك"‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻗُ ٌ‬
‫ا�ﲀف اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ ﺗُﻤ ِﺜ ّ ُﻞ َ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﲮﺎق‪:‬‬
‫ﴩ�َ ﻫَﺎ ِ� ْﲮ ََﺎق َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َو َرا ِء ا ْﲮ ََﺎق‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْﻣ َﺮ �أﺗُ ُﻪ ﻗَﺎﺋِ َﻤ ٌﺔ ﻓَﻀَ ِﺤ َﻜ ْﺖ ﻓَبَ � ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫ﻮب﴾ ]ﻫﻮد‪ ، [٧١ :‬وﰲ ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾ َ ْﻌ ُﻘ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫﲓ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻠﯿﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ا ْٕﲮ َﺎق ا ِ�ﻦ � ِ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ﻟﻨَ ِ ّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫�ﻟﺴﲔِ ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﯾَﻀ َ� ُﻚ‪ ،‬واﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ُة ﰲ ٔأ �و ِل‬ ‫وﻫﻮ �ﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ "ﯾﺼ�ﺎق"‪َ ،‬وو َر َد ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻮرا ِة ِ ّ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ� َﻞ إﱃ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮﯾ ِﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪" :‬ا ْٕﲮ ُﺎق"‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﺑَﺪَ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﺎ ِء‪ ،‬وﰲ � ْ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﴎاﺋﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ا� �َﻠَ ْ ِﳱ ْﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﺒ ِيّ َﲔ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُذ ّ ِرﯾ � ِﺔ آ ٓ َد َم َو ِﻣ �ﻤ ْﻦ َ َﲪﻠْﻨَﺎ َﻣ َﻊ‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪� ﴿ :‬أوﻟَ ِﺌ َﻚ � ِا� َ�ﻦ �أﻧْ َﻌ َﻢ � ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ﴎاﺋِﯿ َﻞ َو ِﻣ �ﻤ ْﻦ ﻫَﺪَ ﯾْﻨَﺎ َوا ْﺟتَ َﺒيْنَﺎ﴾ ]ﻣﺮﱘ‪.[٥٨ :‬‬ ‫ﻧ ُﻮحٍ َو ِﻣ ْﻦ ُذ ّ ِرﯾ � ِﺔ ا ْ� َﺮا ِﻫ َﲓ َوا ْ َ‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ � �ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪" :‬ا ْٕﴎال" ﻛـ"ﻣيﲀل"‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻘﻮب �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﰟ �َ ٍﲅ ﻟ َﯿ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ا ُ‬
‫ﻮن‪ ،‬وٕا ْﴎاﺋِﻞ‪ ،‬وٕا ْﴎاﺋ ّﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْٕﴎاﺋﲔ �ﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ِ� ْﱪ �ي ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ "ا ْٕﴎا" و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪُ ‪ ،‬و"إﯾﻞ" ٔأو " ٕا ٍ ّل"‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ُ‬
‫ﻘﻮب �ﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ �ﺪ ِة واﻟ ُﻘ �ﻮ ِة؛ ٔ� �ن ﯾ َ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫ﷲ‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ "ا ْٕﴎ" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ِ ّ‬ ‫َﳁ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ِ‬
‫ﰷن ﻗَ �ﻮ�‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم َ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬واﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ُة ﺑَﺪَ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪ ِ ّي "� َْﴪاﺋﯿﻞ" و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ُ :‬ﳛ ِﺎر ُب ُ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ ُ� ﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ ْﺳﻔﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﻣث َ ُﻞ � ِا� َ�ﻦ ُ ِ ّﲪﻠُﻮا اﻟﺘ� ْﻮ َرا َة ُ �ﰒ ﻟَ ْﻢ َ ْﳛ ِﻤﻠُﻮﻫَﺎ َﳈَﺜ َِﻞ اﻟْ ِﺤ َﻤ ِﺎر‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬
‫َ ْﳛ ِﻤ ُﻞ �أ ْﺳ َﻔ ًﺎرا﴾ ]اﶺﻌﺔ‪.[٥ :‬‬

‫‪۹٤‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫تﺎب اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٌء ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ� ْﻮرا ِة‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‬ ‫تﺎب‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻔ ُﺮ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫ٔأ ْﺳﻔﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﳱﺎ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل‪ :‬ﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﺑﻠَﻬْ� ِﺔ ِﻛﻨﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ؛ إذ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ُﺔ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت َﺐ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ٕا ْ�ﺪى الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎر َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ ﺳﻔﺮا‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﺳﻔﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺮﰊ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﺳ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ� ِ ّﱐ اﻟ َﻌ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس � ْ‬ ‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫وﱔ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ َﺔ ٔأو ﻓَ �ﻦ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟ ُﻜ ُتﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ َو َر َد‬‫اﻟﻈ ِّﻦ ٔآﳖ� ﺎ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ؛ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ٔآ ْ�ﻠَ َﺐ �‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫بﲑ‪ٔ ،‬أو ُﺟ ْﺰ ٍء ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫تﺎب اﻟ َﻜ ِ‬ ‫تﺎب‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫"اﻟﺴ ْﻔ َﺮ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأ �ن‪ّ ِ :‬‬‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت َﲨﯿ ًﻌﺎ ﺑﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪.‬‬‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﰲ ﺗ� الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻮرا ِة"‪ُ .‬ورﺑ�ﲈ ﰷﻧ َِﺖ َ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺳﲈﻋﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْذ �َ ْﺮﻓَ ُﻊ ا ْ� َﺮا ِﻫ ُﲓ اﻟْ َﻘ َﻮا ِ�ﺪَ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟْ َﺒيْ ِﺖ َوا ْ َﲰﺎ ِﻋﯿ ُﻞ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬ ‫�‬ ‫‪.[١٢٧‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﲈ�ﲔ"‬ ‫ﻐﺘﺎن‪" :‬ا ْٕﺳﲈﻋﯿ ُﻞ" و"ا ْٕﺳ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ا ْٕﺳﲈﻋﯿ َﻞ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﰟ �َ ٍﲅ ﻟﻨَ ِ ّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ا ُ‬
‫ﲈ�ﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻌﲈﻻ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﻮن‪ ،‬و�ﲆ ﻫﺬا ا ِﳌ ْﻨﻮ ِال ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ :‬ا ْٕﺳﲈﻋﯿ ُﻞ وٕا ْﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻮن‪ ،‬و �اﻟﻼ ُم ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱶ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ً‬ ‫�ﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫وﻣيﲀﺋﲔ‪ ،‬وٕا ْﴎاﻓي ُﻞ وٕا ْﴎاﻓﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﺋﲔ‪ِ ،‬و� ْﱪﯾ ُﻞ ِو� ْﱪ ُ�ﻦ‪ ،‬وﻣيﲀﺋﯿ ُﻞ‬ ‫وٕا ْﴎاﺋﯿ ُﻞ وٕا ْﴎ ُ‬
‫ﻜﻮﻧ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ �ﺸﻤﻊ‪ٔ :‬أي‪َ � :‬ﺴ َﻤ ُﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪�" :‬ﺸﻤﻊ إﯾﻞ"‪ ،‬وﱔ ُﻣ �‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫� ﻗﺎ َل ﻟﻬﺎ َﺟ َﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﰟ‪ٔ :‬أ �ن اﳌ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻠﯿﻞ � َ ْﺴﻤﯿ ِﺘﻪ ﲠِ ﺬا � ِ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻮرا ِة ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫وٕاﯾﻞ‪ٔ :‬أي‪ُ :‬‬
‫��ﻦ اﺑﻨًﺎ َﻓﺴ ِّﻤﯿﻪ ا ْٕﺳﲈﻋﯿ َﻞ؛ ٔ� �ن َرﺑ � ِﻚ ﻗﺪ َ ِﲰ َﻊ ﳌَﺬﻟ � ِﺘﻚ‪ ،‬و َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮﺑ ُﺔ ﺗَﺒﺪَ �أ �ﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ِة‬ ‫ﺳ� َﺘ َ‬
‫ﺑَﺪَ ًﻻ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﺎ ِء ﻛﲈ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪ ِ ّي‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﯾَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻓﻬيﻲ ﻓﳱﺎ‪" :‬ا ْٕﺷﲈﻋﯿﻞ"‪.‬‬ ‫�ْ‬

‫‪۹٥‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﴏي‪:‬‬
‫ﴏي﴾ ]آآل ﲻﺮان‪:‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻗَﺎ َل �أ �أ ْﻗ َﺮ ْر ُ ْﰎ َو �أ� َْﺬ ُ ْﰎ �َ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ ُ ْﲂ ا ْ ِ‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬
‫�‬
‫‪.[٨١‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ٕﴏ‪ :‬اﳊَ ْبﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎر‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬اﻻ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ :‬آ ٓ ٌ‬ ‫ﯿﺜﺎق‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ٕﴏ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﻬْﺪُ اﻟﺜ �ﻘي ُﻞ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ‬ ‫اﻻ ْ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ آٓراﻣي� ُﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪َ :‬ﻋﻬْﺪي �ﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﻟَﻬْ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻬ ِ‬
‫َ�ﺎت ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا �ٕﻻ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺆ ِﻣ ٍﻦ ا �ﻻ َو َﻻ ِذ �ﻣ ًﺔ﴾ ]اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.[١٠ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﻻ �َ ْﺮﻗُ ُب َ‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬
‫�‬
‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ :‬ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ �ل‪ :‬ا ِﳊﻠْ ُﻒ واﻟ َﻌﻬْﺪُ ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ �ل‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘﺮاﺑ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‬
‫ﰟ ِ� �ﻋﺰ و َ� ّﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ �ل‪ :‬ا ٌ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل‪:‬‬‫ﻓﻔﻲ َ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ �ﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ‪" :‬ا ٕﻻ �ل" ُ‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬د َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ اﳌُﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪ ِ ّي اﻻ ْٕﳒ ِ ّ‬
‫ﻠﲒي‬
‫ﻮي‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ ‪Elohim‬‬ ‫لﻠ َﻌﻬْ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ‪" :‬ا ٕﻻ �ل" َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ ‪ ،el‬اﳌُﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ‪ wl‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻗَ ٍ ّ‬
‫ﷲ ا ٔ�ﻋْﻈﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰟ ِ‬ ‫وﱔ ا ُ‬
‫‪ٕ -‬اﻟْﯿﺎس‪:‬‬
‫َو َر َد ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗَﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا �ن اﻟْ َﯿ َﺎس ﻟَ ِﻤ َﻦ اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺮ َﺳ ِﻠ َﲔ﴾ ]اﻟﺼﺎﻓﺎت‪.[١٢٣ :‬‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ � �ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼ ُة و �‬ ‫ﷲ �ﻠﳱﻢ �‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ﻟﻨَ ٍّﱯ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْبيﺎ ِء ِ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫ﺮب َﺟ َﻌﻠﻮا ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ٕ :‬اﻟْﯿﺎﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﰲ ﻣيﲀ َل‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﳌ�ﺎ َﻋ �ﺮﲠَ ﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫وﻣيﲀﺋﯿ َﻞ‪ِ ،‬و� ْﱪﯾ َﻞ ِو� ْﱪاﺋﯿﻞ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪" :‬إﯾﻠ �ﯿﺎ ﻫﻮ"‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﷲ ﳞﻮﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎر‪:‬‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬‫�ﲑ ٔأ �ن ذ� الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪ �ي اﻧْ َﺘ َﻘ َﻞ إﱃ � ْ‬ ‫ﷲ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﰟ ِ‬ ‫و"ﳞﻮﻩ"‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫ﯿﺎس"‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ ٔأ َ� َﺬﺗْﻪ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫" ٕاﻟْ َ‬

‫‪۹٦‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬اﻟيَ َﺴﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﻃﺎ َو ُ �� ﻓَﻀ� ﻠْﻨَﺎ �َ َﲆ اﻟْ َﻌﺎﻟَ ِﻤ َﲔ﴾‬ ‫َو َر َد ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْ َﲰﺎ ِﻋﯿ َﻞ َواﻟْيَ َﺴ َﻊ َوﯾُﻮ� ُ َﺲ َوﻟُ ً‬
‫�‬ ‫]ا ٔ�ﻧﻌﺎم‪.[٨٦ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼ ُة و �‬ ‫ﷲ �ﻠﳱﻢ �‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ﻟﻨَ ٍ ّﱯ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْبيﺎ ِء ِ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ْﻄﻮب �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﯿﺎس ُ�ﻦ ٔأﺧ َ‬ ‫ِ� ْﱪ �ي‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٕاﻟْ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬إ�ﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮت اﻟﻨ� ِ ِ ّﱯ ا �ﻻ �آ ْن ﯾُ ْﺆ َذ َن ﻟَ ُ ْﲂ ا َﱃ َﻃ َﻌﺎ ٍم‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪� �َ ﴿ :‬آﳞ� َﺎ � ِا� َ�ﻦ آ ٓ َﻣنُﻮا َﻻ ﺗ َْﺪ ُ�ﻠُﻮا ﺑُ ُﯿ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫�َ ْ َﲑ �َ ِﻇ ِﺮ َ�ﻦ ا�َ ُﻩ﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﺣﺰاب‪.[٥٣ :‬‬
‫�‬
‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ٔأواﻧ ُﻪ َوو ْﻗ ُتﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ اﳌ َ ْﻐﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻧ ُﻀْ ُ�ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ْﳒﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ا� ِﻓي ِﻪ﴾ ]اﳌﺎﺋﺪة‪.[٤٧ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻟْ َﯿ ْﺤ ُ ْﲂ �أ ْﻫ ُﻞ ْاﻻ ْ ِﳒ ِ‬
‫ﯿﻞ ِﺑ َﻤﺎ �أ ْن َﺰ َل � ُ‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬
‫�‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼ ُة و �‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ �ﲆ �يﴗ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫تﺎب �ا�ي ٔأ ْن َﺰ َ� ُ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ �ﲆ اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣﻌ �ﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪ ،euangelion‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻟبُ ْﴩى‪ ،‬وﱔ ﰲ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫‪ ،angil‬و�ﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪ ،evangile‬و� ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪ ،evangelio‬و� ٔ�ﻟْﲈﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫‪.evanglivm‬‬
‫ﻬﻮر اﳌﺎ ِء �ﲆ َو ْ� ِﻪ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺑﻞ ﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎﻗُﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ "اﻟﻨ��ﻞ"‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻇ ُ‬
‫اﻟﴚ َء"‪ :‬إذا ا ْﺳ� َﺘﺨْﺮﺟتَﻪ و ٔأ ْﻇﻬ َْﺮﺗَﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ �أ ِ� َﺬ ا ٕﻻ ْﳒﯿ ُﻞ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫و"ﳒﻠْ ُﺖ �‬ ‫وا ِ� ّﺴﺎ�ُﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ٔأ ْﻇﻬ ََﺮ ﺑﻪ اﳊ َّﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴚ َء‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أﺧ َْﺮ ْﺟ ُتﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ٕاﻓْﻌﯿ ٌﻞ ِﻣﻦ ذ�؛ ٔ� �ن َ‬ ‫َ َﳒﻠْ ُﺖ �‬
‫‪ -‬آ ٓ ٍن‪:‬‬
‫]اﻟﺮ ْﲪ ُﻦ‪.[٤٤ :‬‬ ‫ﻮن ﺑَيْﳯَ َﺎ َوﺑ َ ْ َﲔ َ ِﲪ ٍﲓ آ ٓ ٍن﴾ �‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﯾ َ ُﻄﻮﻓُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪ٔ :‬أﱏ اﳊَﻤ ُﲓ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ا ْنﳤَ يﻰ َﺣ �ﺮﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴚ ُء‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑَﻠَ َﻎ �ﺎﯾ َﺘﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِﺷ �ﺪ ِة اﳊ ّ َِﺮ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ٔأﱏ �‬
‫‪۹۷‬‬
 ‫و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﻐﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ �َ ْﺮ�َﺮﯾ � ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪� :‬ا�ي ا ْنﳤَ يﻰ َﺣ �ﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬آ ٓ ِﻧﯿ ٌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ْ ُ �﴿ :‬ﺴ َﻘﻰ ِﻣ ْﻦ �َ ْ ٍﲔ آ ٓ ِﻧ َﯿ ٍﺔ﴾ ]اﻟﻐﺎﺷ�ﯿﺔ‪.[٥ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫آ ٓ ِﻧﯿ ٌﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﺎ ِﺧن ٌﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣتَﻨﺎﻫﯿ ٌﺔ ﰲ ِﺷ �ﺪ ِة اﳊ َّﺮ‪.‬‬
‫�ﺎرة‪ ،‬وﱔ ُﻣ َﺆﻧ ُ�ﺚ‪" :‬آ ٓ ٍن" �‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱔ �َ ْﺮ�َﺮﯾ � ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪� :‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﯾ � ُ‬
‫ﻮب‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴬ َو �أﻧ َْﺖ �أ ْر َﺣ ُﻢ �اﻟﺮ ِ ِ‬
‫اﲪ َﲔ﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﻧْبيﺎ ُء‪:‬‬ ‫ﻮب ا ْذ �َ دَى َرﺑ � ُﻪ �أ ِ ّﱐ َﻣ �ﺴ� ِ َﲏ � �‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و �أﯾ � َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪.[٨٣‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬
‫ﻮب �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﰟ ﻧ ِ َّﱯ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ٔأﯾ � َ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ِ� ْﱪ �ي‪ ،‬ﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ِﻘ �ﻲ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﳌُﻀْ َﻄﻬَﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۹۸‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎء‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺑ َﯿ ٌﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ات‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻟَ ْﻮ َﻻ َدﻓْ ُﻊ � ِ‬
‫ا� اﻟﻨ� َﺎس ﺑ َ ْﻌﻀَ ﻬ ُْﻢ ِﺑ َﺒ ْﻌ ٍﺾ ﻟَﻬُ ِّﺪ َﻣ ْﺖ َﺻ َﻮا ِﻣ ُﻊ َو ِﺑ َﯿ ٌﻊ َو َﺻﻠَ َﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ا� َﻛ ِﺜ ًﲑا﴾ ]اﳊﺞ‪.[٤٠ :‬‬ ‫اﰟ � ِ‬ ‫َو َﻣ َﺴ ِﺎ�ﺪُ ﯾُ ْﺬ َﻛ ُﺮ ِﻓﳱَﺎ ْ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟ ِﺒﯿﻌ ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻛﻨيﺴ ُﺔ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻛﻨيﺴ ُﺔ ا�ﳱَ ﻮ ِد‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ ِﺑ َﯿﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬وﰲ َ ِ‬
‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣآٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ "ﺑﻌﺪ�" اﳌُﺮﻛ�ﺒ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎ ِء �اﻟﺰاﺋِﺪ ِة‪ ،‬و"�ﺪ�" و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿﻀﺔ‪ .‬وﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟت � ْﺸبي ِﻪ‬ ‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣأٔﺧﻮذة ِﻣﻦ )ﺑﯿﻌﺘﺎ( � ْ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫�ﲆ اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ِء اﳌُﻘب� ِﺐ اﳌ ُ �ﻘﻮ ِس‪ .‬وﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ُي ا ٔ� ْﻗ َﺮ ُب؛ ٔ� �ن اﻟﻀ� ﺎ َد اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﺗُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ اﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﺑﯿﻌﺘﺎ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﯿﻀﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْر ٌض‪ٔ :‬أر�ﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﺮ ٌض‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺮ�ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫�ْ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘّﺎء‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَ ْﺘ ِب ًﲑا‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و ِﻟ َﯿ ْﺪ ُ�ﻠُﻮا اﻟْ َﻤ ْﺴ ِ�ﺪَ َ َ� َد َ�ﻠُﻮ ُﻩ �أ �و َل َﻣ �ﺮ ٍة َو ِﻟ ُﯿ َﺘ ِ ّ ُﱪوا َﻣﺎ �َﻠَ ْﻮا ﺗَ ْﺘ ِب ًﲑا﴾‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫]ا ٕﻻﴎاء‪.[٧ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎر واﻟﻬَﻼك‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﺘ ُبﲑ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ا�� ُ‬
‫‪ -‬وﻓﳱﺎ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل‪:‬‬
‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ا ٕﻻﻫْﻼك‪.‬‬
‫َ�ﺎت ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ اﻟ َﻐﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﴪﻩ‪ .‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻠﻮ ٌم ٔآ �ن اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ َﺔ ﻟَﻬْ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﻟَﻬ ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪َ :‬ﻛ َ َ‬

‫‪۹۹‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ�ﻨ� ُﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﺣ �ﱴ ا َذا َ�ﺎ َء �أ ْﻣ ُﺮ�َ َوﻓَ َﺎر اﻟﺘ�ﻨ� ُﻮر﴾ ]ﻫﻮد‪.[٤٠ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫� ُ ��‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻧﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪� :‬ا�ي ُﳜ َ ُﱫ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ُ ْ َ� :‬ﲔ ﻣﺎ ٍء‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬و ْ� ُﻪ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪،‬‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﺗَ ْﻨﻮ ُ�ﺮ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﲀن اﻟﻨ�ﺎر‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﲑا؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣآٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫وا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔآ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ ا ْﺧ ِتﻼﻓًﺎ َﻛ ً‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﰷﻓ � ًﺔ ﺑﻨ ْﻔ ِﺲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ؛‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ�ﺔ‪ .‬و ٔآ ْر َﺟ ُﺢ ا�ٓرا ِء ٔآﳖ� ﺎ َو َرد َْت ﰲ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻐﱵ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب واﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس �ﲆ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﺜ �ﻌﺎ ِﻟ �ﱯ‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﻔﻆُ "اﻟﺘ�ﻨ� ِﻮر" ِ ْﲷ َﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟﻘﺎﺋِﻤ ِﺔ ﰲ ﻟُ َ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ا �ٕن اﻟﺘ�ﻨ� َﻮر ﻟَ ْﻔﻈ ٌﺔ ْاﺷ َ َﱰ َﻛ ْﺖ ﻓﳱﺎ َﲨﯿ ُﻊ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫وا ِ�ﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ‪ :‬وﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫و�ﲑﱒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َر �ﺟ َ�ﻪ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب ْ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻮراةُ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎب ِ�ﻟْ َﺤ ّ ِﻖ ُﻣ َﺼ ِّﺪﻗًﺎ ِﻟ َﻤﺎ ﺑ َ ْ َﲔ ﯾَﺪَ ﯾْ ِﻪ َو �أ ْن َﺰ َل اﻟﺘ� ْﻮ َرا َة‬‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬نَ �ﺰ َل �َﻠَ ْﯿ َﻚ ْاﻟ ِﻜتَ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫َو ْاﻻ ْ ِﳒﯿ َﻞ﴾ ]آآل ﲻﺮان‪.[٣ :‬‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم اﳋَ ْﻤﺴ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻌﻬْ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ ِﳇّﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎر ﻣﻮﳻ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻮراةُ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺳ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬وﻓﳱﺎ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﲓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎر ْت ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫َﻄﻮ َر ْت َ‬ ‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ "ﺗﻮرة" و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻟﻌﺎدةُ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﺗ �‬
‫اﻟﴩﯾﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ �ﰒ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬د َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۰۰‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﻴﻢ‬
‫ُ‬
‫�ﺎﻟﻮت‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻮت﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٢٥١ :‬‬ ‫ا� َوﻗَتَ َﻞ د َُاوو ُد َ�ﺎﻟُ َ‬ ‫ﻮﱒ ِ� ْذ ِن � ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﻬ ََﺰ ُﻣ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ٔأ ْ َﲺ ّﻤﻲ‪ .‬وﱔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫�ﺎﻟﻮت‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉ ْﺒ ُﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪� ﴿ :‬أﻟَ ْﻢ �َ َﺮ ا َﱃ � ِا� َ�ﻦ �أوﺗُﻮا ﻧ َِﺼﯿ ًﺒﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ْاﻟ ِﻜتَ ِﺎب ﯾُ ْﺆ ِﻣنُ َ‬
‫ﻮن ِ�ﻟْ ِﺠ ْﺒ ِﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫ﻮت﴾ ]اﻟ ِن ّﺴﺎ ُء‪.[٥١ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻏُ ِ‬ ‫َو �‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ ِﲌ وا�ﲀ ِﻫ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﷲ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﺗَ َﻘ ُﻊ �ﲆ �‬ ‫دون ِ‬ ‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ُﻋﺒِﺪَ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ا ِﳉ ْﺒ ُﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ �‬
‫ﺎﻏﻮت‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿﻄﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫وﳓ ِﻮ ذ�‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا ِﳉ ْﺒ ُﺖ‪ّ ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺣ ِﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫و �‬
‫ﻄﺎن‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ ُﲌ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺣ ُﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿ ُ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ �‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫ﴚ ‪ ،amalakta gabt‬و �ا�ي َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬آ آ ِﻟﻬ ٌﺔ َ�ﺪﯾﺪة‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﲑ اﳊَبَ ِ ّ‬ ‫َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌ ِ‬
‫�ﲑ اﳌ ُ َﺘﻮﻗ�ﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻔﺎﺟ ُﺊ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْﺑﻞ ﱔ َ�بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﳊَﺪَ ُث اﳌ ُ ِ‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﱪ ُﯾﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ا�﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻗُ ْﻞ َﻣ ْﻦ َﰷ َن �َﺪُ �وا ِﻟ ِ� ْ ِﱪﯾ َﻞ ﻓَﺎﻧ � ُﻪ نَ �ﺰ َ ُ� �َ َﲆ ﻗَﻠْﺒ َِﻚ ِ� ْذ ِن � ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬ ‫‪.[٩٧‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ‬ ‫� ِ� ْﱪﯾ َﻞ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ٔ�ﻣﲔِ اﻟ َﻮ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ا ُ‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ‬ ‫اﺋﲔ‪ ،‬و َ� ْ َﱪ ِ� ُﻞ‪ ،‬و َ� ْﱪ ُ�ﻦ‪ِ ،‬و� ْﱪ ُ�ﻦ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ ُﻞ‪ِ ،‬و� ْﱪاﺋﯿ ُﻞ‪ِ ،‬و� ْﱪ ُ‬ ‫ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺑَﻠَﻐ َْﺖ ﻓيﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﲑ ا ٔ� ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﺮب �ﲆ �ﺎدﲥِ ﺎ ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻐ ِ‬ ‫َﴫﻓَ ْﺖ ﻓيﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗ �‬ ‫َﺣي� َﺎن‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﻼث ﻋ َْﴩ َة ﻟُﻐﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛَ َ‬
‫�ﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )�ﱪي ٔأﯾﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ � ْ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ِ� ْﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪َ :‬ر ُ� ُﻞ ِ‬ ‫و َِ‬

‫‪۱۰۱‬‬
 ‫‪ُ � �َ َ -‬ﲌ‪:‬‬
‫ا� �أ َ� َﺬﺗْ ُﻪ اﻟْ ِﻌ �ﺰ ُة ِ� ْﻻ ْ ِﰒ ﻓَ َﺤ ْﺴ� ُﺒ ُﻪ َ َ� � ُﲌ َوﻟَ ِﺒئْ َﺲ اﻟْ ِﻤﻬَﺎ ُد﴾‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا َذا ِﻗي َﻞ َ ُ� اﺗ ِ�ﻖ � َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫�ت َﻛﺜﲑ ٍة �آﺧﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪� ،[٢٠٦ :‬وﰲ آ ٓ ٍ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﲠﺎ ِﻋﺒﺎدَﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟﻨ� ِﺎر اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُﻌ ِّﺬ ُب ُ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﺑ ْ ٌِﱤ َ َ� � ُﲌ ِ ِ‬
‫و�ﻨ�ﺎ ُم‪،‬‬ ‫ﺜﲑا؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ ا ِﳉﻬْﻨﺎ ِم‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ا ْﺧتَﻠَﻔﻮا ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ ا ْﺧ ِتﻼﻓًﺎ َﻛ ً‬
‫ٔأي‪ :‬ﺑَﻌﯿﺪ ُة اﻟ َﻘ ْﻌ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ ُ ِّﲰ َﯿ ْﺖ َ َ� � ُﲌ؛ ﻟ ُﺒ ْﻌ ِﺪ ﻗَ ْﻌ ِﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﮔﻲ ﻫﻨ�ﻮم(‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫و)كﻬﻨ�ﺎم(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬وادي ﻫﻨ�ﻮم‪ ،‬وادي اﻟﻬَ ْﻤ ِﺲ وا ٔ�ﻧﲔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ اﻧْ َﺘﻘﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ � ْ‬
‫"� � َﲌ"‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ �أ� ََﺬ ْت‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎر ْت َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎر ْت‪) :‬ﮔﻬﻨﺎ( و)ﺟﳱﻨﺎم(‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ اﻧْﺘ َﻘﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﻛﲈ ﱔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬اﻧْﺘ َﻘﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔآ ْﺻ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۰۲‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳊﺎء‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺣ َﺼ ٌﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ُون﴾‬ ‫ا� َﺣ َﺼ ُﺐ َ َ� � َﲌ �أﻧ ُ ْْﱲ ﻟَﻬَﺎ َو ِارد َ‬ ‫ُون � ِ‬ ‫ون ِﻣ ْﻦ د ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ان� ُ ْﲂ َو َﻣﺎ ﺗَ ْﻌ ُﺒﺪُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫]ا ٔ�ﻧبيﺎء‪.[٩٨ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﳊ َْﺼﺒﺎ ِء‪ ،‬وﱔ‪ :‬اﳊَﴡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ٔأﻟْ َﻘ ْي َﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎر ِﻣﻦ َﺣ َﻄ ٍﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ََﺼ ُﺐ‪� :‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﳊ ََﻄﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫ﻮن‪:‬‬‫‪ -‬اﳊَﻮ ِارﯾ � َ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﻠَ �ﻤﺎ �أ َﺣ �ﺲ ِ� َيﴗ ِﻣ ْﳯُ ُﻢ ْاﻟ ُﻜ ْﻔ َﺮ ﻗَﺎ َل َﻣ ْﻦ �أﻧ َْﺼ ِﺎري ا َﱃ � ِ‬
‫ا� ﻗَﺎ َل اﻟْ َﺤ َﻮ ِارﯾ � َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫ﻮن﴾ ]آآل ﲻﺮان‪.[٥٢ :‬‬ ‫ا� آ ٓ َﻣن�ﺎ ِ� � ِ� َو ْاﺷﻬ َْﺪ ِﺑآ��� ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ُﻤ َ‬
‫َ ْﳓ ُﻦ �آﻧ َْﺼ ُﺎر � ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰷﻟﺰﺑ َ ْ ِﲑ ِ�ﻦ اﻟ َﻌ �ﻮا ِم اﳌُﻠﻘ� ِﺐ �ﳊَﻮ ّ‬
‫اري‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎﺻ ُﺔ ا ٔ� ْﲱ ِﺎب‪� ،‬‬ ‫وﱒ �‬ ‫ْﺼﺎر‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻮن‪ :‬ا ٔ�ﻧ ُ‬ ‫اﳊَﻮارﯾ � َ‬
‫اﻟﴚ َء َ ْﲢﻮ ً�ﺮا‪ :‬ﺑ َ �ﯿﻀَ ﻪ‪ ،‬وا ْﻣﺮ ٔأ ٌة َﺣﻮارﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ٔ :‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫وا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ َﺣ �ﻮ َر �‬
‫ﻠﻮن اﻟ ِﺜ ّ َ‬
‫ﯿﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم ﺑﺬ� ٔ�ﳖ� ﻢ ﰷﻧﻮا ﻗَ �ﺼﺎر َ�ﻦ ﯾ َ ْﻐ ِﺴ َ‬ ‫ﺎب �يﴗ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫وﲰ َﻲ ٔأ ْﲱ ُ‬ ‫ﺑ َ ْﯿﻀﺎ ُء‪ِّ ُ ،‬‬
‫�ﴏ َﺣﻮ ِار ��‪.‬‬ ‫ﰻ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﯾُبَيِّﻀﻮﳖَ ﺎ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﺷﺎ َع ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ذ� �ﲆ ٔأﻟْ ِﺴ�ﻨ ِﺔ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس ٔأن � ُﺴ �ﻤﻮا �‬
‫وﱒ �ا� َ�ﻦ ﯾ َ ْﻐ ِﺴ َ‬
‫ﻠﻮن اﻟ ِﺜ ّﯿﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫اري‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪َ :‬ﻫﻮ �‬
‫ﻐﺎت ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬د َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔآو ْ ِ‬
‫ﻌﻮث واﳌُﺴﺎ ِﻓﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮل واﳌ َ ْﺒ ُ‬ ‫و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﳱﺎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺣ ًﻮ�‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َﻻ ﺗَأ� ُ ُﳇﻮا �أ ْﻣ َﻮاﻟَﻬ ُْﻢ ا َﱃ �أ ْﻣ َﻮا ِﻟ ُ ْﲂ اﻧ � ُﻪ َﰷ َن ُﺣ ًﻮ� َﻛﺒ ًِﲑا﴾ ]اﻟنﺴﺎء‪.[٢ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﳊﺎب‪،‬‬
‫َﻮب و ُ‬ ‫ُﻮب واﳊ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬اﳊ ُ‬ ‫ﻼث ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻈ ْ ُﲅ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﺛَ ُ‬ ‫ُﻮب‪ :‬اﻻ ْ ُٕﰒ اﻟ َﻌﻈ ُﲓ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ �‬ ‫اﳊ ُ‬
‫واﳊ َْﻮﺑ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳌ َ �ﺮ ُة اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة ِﻣنﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۰۳‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪ُ :‬ﺣ ْب ُﺖ �ﻜﺬا‬ ‫ﻮب‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫�ﺎب َﳛ ُ‬ ‫وا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأﺻﯿ ٌ�‪ ،‬و ِﻓﻌﻠُﻬﺎ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺟﻮر ﻋﻨﻪ؛ و ِﻟﻬﺬا ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل َﻟﺰ ْﺟ ِﺮ‬ ‫ُﺣ ًﻮ� و َﺣ ًﻮ� و َﺣ ْﻮﺑ ًﺔ و ِﺣيﺎﺑ ًﺔ؛ ٔأ ِﺛ ْﻤ ُﺖ �ﻜﺬا ٕاﺛْ ًﻤﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ْ ٌٕﰒ َﻣ ْﺰ ٌ‬
‫ﺴﲑ ا ِ�ﻦ ﻋﺒ� ٍﺎس؛ ﻗﺎ َل‪ُ :‬ﺣ ًﻮ�‪ٕ :‬اﺛْ ًﻤﺎ ﺑﻠُﻐ ِﺔ اﳊَبَﺸﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ٕﻻﺑْ ِﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﻮب‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺗَ ْﻔ ُ‬
‫ﻌﻞ‬‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ‪ ،‬وﱔ آٓﺗﯿ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب اﳌُﻬ �ﺬ ِب لﻠ �ﺴ� ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﱊ ُﻣﺤ ِﻘّ ِﻖ ِﻛ ِ‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ِ ّا�ﳤ ِّ‬
‫"�ﺎب" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٔ :‬أ ْذﻧ ََﺐ‪� ،‬ا�ي ﯾُ َﻨﻄ ُﻖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ‪ hub‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﲡﻨ� َﺐ ا ��ﻧْﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳖْ َ َﺰ َم و ٔأ ْذﻧ َﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ � ْ‬
‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬

‫‪۱۰٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﻝ‬
‫‪ -‬داودُ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮت﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٢٥١ :‬‬ ‫ا� َوﻗَتَ َﻞ د َُاوو ُد َ�ﺎﻟُ َ‬ ‫ﻮﱒ ِ� ْذ ِن � ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﻬ ََﺰ ُﻣ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫داودُ‪ :‬ا ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻻ ﳞُ َﻤﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ داو َد �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﻤﻲ ﻟﻨَ ِ ّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ٔأ َﲺ �‬
‫ﲷ ِﺖ‬‫وﻗﺪ ُ �‬ ‫ﺒيﺐ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ‪ :‬دا ِود‪ ،‬داوﯾﺪ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﳊَ ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺤ ْﺖ‪ُ :‬‬
‫داود‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮ ُاو ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬د ََر ْﺳ َﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ُﴫ ُف ْا�ٓ َ� ِت َو ِﻟ َﯿ ُﻘﻮﻟُﻮا د ََر ْﺳ َﺖ﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﻧﻌﺎم‪.[١٠٥ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َﻛ َﺬ ِ َ� ﻧ َ ِّ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺴﲑ َ ِ‬ ‫ون ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﴪ َ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ :‬ا ْﺧتَﻠَ َﻒ اﳌ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫تﺎب‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬د ََر َﺳ ْﺖ ‪-‬وﱔ‬ ‫ﻗَ َﺮ �أ َت ٔأو ﺗَ َﻌﻠ � ْﻤ َﺖ ٔأو ذا َﻛ ْﺮ َت‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻗَ َﺮ �أ َت ُﻛ ُﺘ َﺐ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬
‫ِﻗﺮاء ٌة‪ :-‬ﺗَﻘﺎ َد َﻣ ْﺖ وا �ﻣ َﺤ ْﺖ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻫﺬا �ا�ي ﺗَ ْﺘﻠﻮﻩ �ﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﳾ ٌء ﻗﺪ ﺗ َ‬
‫َﻄﺎو َل و َﻣ �ﺮ ﺑِﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ )‪.(١...‬‬
‫ﻌﲅ‪ ،‬وا�� ْر ُس‪� :‬ا�ي ﯾ َ َﺘﻌﻠ � ُﻤﻪ اﻟ ِﺘّﻠْ ُ‬
‫ﻤﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ّ :‬ا�راﺳ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� � ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ﺑﻮ ِاﺳﻄ ِﺔ ِﻛﺘﺎب‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬در ِاﱒ‪:‬‬
‫اﱒ َﻣ ْﻌﺪُ و َد ٍة﴾ ]ﯾﻮﺳﻒ‪.[٢٠ :‬‬ ‫ﴍ ْو ُﻩ ِﺑﺜَ َﻤ ٍﻦ َ ْﲞ ٍﺲ د ََر ِ َ‬‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ُﴬ ُب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔﻀ� ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ّ ِا� ْر َ ُﱒ‪ :‬ﻗَ ْﻄﻌ ٌﺔ ﻧ َ ْﻘﺪﯾ � ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺪﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ ﺗ َ‬
‫ﻻن‪:‬‬‫‪ -‬ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ‪ ،darchme‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َ ْﻘﺪُ ِﻓﻀ� ٍﺔ َوو ْز ٍن ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ .‬و ِﻣنﻪ �أ ِ� َﺬ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆُ‬
‫ﳼ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َ ْﻘﺪُ ِﻓﻀ� ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬‫"درم" ِ‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺳﻘط ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۰٥‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ّ :‬ا� ْر َ ُﱒ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ُ ْﲻ ٌ� ﻗَﺪﳝ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ٌﺔ و�َ ِﺮ ُد ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ِد ْرﻫﺎم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ )درم(‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠﻮﯾ � ِﺔ ‪-‬اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪) :‬درم( و)درﰛ(‬
‫و)درﱒ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬دﯾﻨﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و ِﻣ ْﳯُ ْﻢ َﻣ ْﻦ ا ْن ﺗَأ� َﻣ ْن ُﻪ ِﺑ ِﺪﯾﻨَ ٍﺎر َﻻ ﯾُ َﺆ ِ ّد ِﻩ اﻟَ ْﯿ َﻚ﴾ ]آآل ﲻﺮان‪.[٧٥ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ُﴬ ُب ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﻫَﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ ْﲻ ٌ� ﻧ َ ْﻘﺪﯾ � ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗ َ‬
‫ﳼ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪ِ :‬د�� ر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ِ‬
‫ﻻﺗيﲏ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ ‪ ،denarium‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋ َْﴩ �ي‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ٌﺪ روﻣﺎ �ﱐ ﻗَﺪ ٌﱘ � َ ْﺸ� ِﳣ ُﻞ �ﲆ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪� :‬‬
‫ﻋﴩ َة َدر ِ َ‬
‫اﱒ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ .‬وﻗ ِﺪ اﻧْ َﺘ َﻘ َﻞ ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎر َ‬ ‫وﰷن ّ ِا� ُ‬ ‫ﺪات‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﴩ َو َ� ٍ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ إ�ﺪى الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ َد َ� َﻞ‬ ‫�اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ إﱃ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ إﱃ � ْ‬
‫ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۰٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍء‬
‫‪َ -‬ر ��ﻧ �ﯿ َ‬
‫ﻮن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤ َﺖ﴾‬ ‫ﻮن َو ْ �ا� ْﺣ َب ُﺎر َﻋ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻟﻬِ ُﻢ ْاﻻ ْ َﰒ َو �أ ْ ِﳇﻬِ ُﻢ �‬ ‫ﺎﱒ �اﻟﺮ �� ِﻧ �ﯿ َ‬‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻟَ ْﻮ َﻻ �َ ْﳯَ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫]اﳌﺎﺋﺪة‪.[٦٣ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن اﻟﻨ� َﺎس‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﻬﺎ ُء واﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ُء‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪� :‬ا��ﻦ �ُ َﺮﺑ � َ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻮن إﱃ �اﻟﺮ ِ ّب‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫وﱒ ُوﻻ ِة ا ٔ� ْﻣ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬اﳌَنْﺴﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﲠﺎ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺤﻮن ٔأﻣﻮ َرﱒ وﯾ َ َ‬ ‫ﯾُ ْﺼ ِﻠ َ‬
‫ﻮن لﻠ ُﻤﺒﺎﻟَﻐﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮن‪ ،‬وزﯾﺪَ ِت ا ٔ� ِﻟ ُﻒ واﻟﻨ� ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑ ّ �ﯿ َ‬
‫�ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑ ّ ّﯿ َِﲔ وزﯾﺪَ ِت ا ٔ� ِﻟ ُﻒ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﻻ ْﺧ ِتﻼ ِﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﺎٕن ﰷﻧ َﺖ ِﻣﻦ � ِ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ َ ِ‬
‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْ� ًﺬا ِﻣﻦ ‪ ،rabbana‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻮن لﻠ ُﻤﺒﺎﻟَﻐ ِﺔ ﻓﻬيﻲ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﻻ َﺷ �ﻚ‪ ،‬وٕا �ﻻ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫ٔأ ْﺳ�ﺘﺎ ٍذ ٔأو ُﻣ َﻌ ِ ّ ٍﲅ ٔأو ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ َﻣﺬﻫ ٍَﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﺗَأٔﰐ ﻛﺬ� ﺑﻠَ ْﻔﻆِ َر ِ ّ ٍ ّﰊ ‪.rabbi‬‬
‫ﻋﲓ‪ ،‬و‪ rabbt‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ؛ ﻓﻬيﻲ ﰲ ِ� ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﻬْ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ‪ rb :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َﺳ� ِ ّﯿ ٍﺪ ٔأو َز ٍ‬
‫َﺳ� ّﯿِﺪي ٔأو ُﻣﻌ ِﻠ ّﻤﻲ‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ� ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ اﳌ ْﺸ�ﻨﺎة‪� :‬اﻟﺮ �� �ﱐ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﻬﺎ ُء اﳌ ُ ْﻤﺘﺎزون‪.‬‬
‫َﻄﻮ َر ْت ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ذ� ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ ﺗ �‬
‫‪ِ ِ -‬رﺑ ّ �ﯿ َ‬
‫ﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن َﻛ ِﺜﲑٌ ﴾ ]آآل ﲻﺮان‪.[١٤٦ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َ �� ِ�ّ ْﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻧ ِ ٍَّﱯ ﻗَﺎﺗَ َﻞ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ ِرﺑ ّ �ﯿ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ُ ُ :‬ﱒ اﳉُﻤﻮ ُع اﻟ َﻜثﲑةُ‪ٔ ،‬أو‪ :‬ا ��ﻟﻮف‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬وا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﴩ َة آآﻻف‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ .‬وﱔ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ َ‬ ‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣآٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ‪) :‬رﺑﻮ�(‪ٔ ،‬آو )رﺑﻮ( � ْ‬ ‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ّ ِاﻟﺮﺑ � ُﺔ ﰲ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ َﺟﲈ� ٌﺔ َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎس‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ �س‪:‬‬
‫ﺎب �اﻟﺮ ِّس َوﺛَ ُﻤﻮ ُد﴾ ]ق‪.[١٢ :‬‬ ‫ﲱ ُ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﻛ �ﺬﺑ َ ْﺖ ﻗَ ْبﻠَﻬ ُْﻢ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُم ﻧ ُﻮحٍ َو �أ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬

‫‪۱۰۷‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ون ﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﺑ ْ ٌِﱤ ﻟﺜَﻤﻮدَ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺒ ْ ُِﱤ ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ا ْﺧتَﻠَ َﻒ اﳌ ُ َﻔ ِ ّﴪ َ‬
‫اﻟﺒ ْ ُِﱤ اﳌ َ ْﻄﻮﯾ � ُﺔ � ِﳊ�ﺎرة‪.‬‬
‫ﻘﻮن َ ِﳇﻤ َﺔ "رث"‬ ‫ﺣيﺚ ﰷﻧﻮا ﯾُﻄ ِﻠ َ‬ ‫ﻮن ا ٔ�واﺋِ ُﻞ ٔأﻧْ ُﻔ ُﺴﻬﻢ؛ ُ‬ ‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﲑو�ﻠﯿﻔي� ٌﺔ‪ُ� ،‬ﺮا ُد ﲠﺎ ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � َ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ اﳌَأٔﺧﻮذ ُة ِﻣﻦ "ر م ث" ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ ﰲ ِﻟﺴﺎﳖِ ﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﲆ ٔأﻧْ ُﻔ ِﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗ� َ ِ‬
‫اﳌﲓ ِﻗﺮاء ٌة‬ ‫ﻮن‪َ .‬وﲡﺪُ ُر اﻻٕﺷﺎر ُة إﱃ ٔأ �ن اﻟ ِﻘﺮاء َة "ر م ث" ُﺑﻮﺟﻮ ِد ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � َ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳊَﻘيﻘي� َ‬ ‫اﻟبَ َ ُ‬
‫ﻠﯿﻔﻲ‪� ،‬ا�ي َﳚ ُِﺐ ٔأن ﯾُ َﻘﺮ �أ "رث"‪ .‬وﻻ ﯾَﻤﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ ُﻌﻠَﲈ ِء �لﻠﺮ ْﻣ ِﺰ اﻟﻬِﲑو ْ� ّ ِ‬ ‫د ََر َج �ﻠﳱﺎ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﲔِ واﻟﺜ �ﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن "رس" ﱔ "رث" ﺑ َﺘﻌﺎﻗُ ِﺐ ِ ّ‬ ‫ٔأن َ‬
‫ﺸﱰ ًﰷ‬
‫ﻗﺎﲰﺎ ُﻣ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﺒ ْ ِِﱤ وا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺴﺎن‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻞ‪� .‬ﲆ ٔأ �ن ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻗ ْبﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮﻗ ُﲓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎب ْاﻟ َﻜﻬ ِْﻒ َو �اﻟﺮِﻗ ِﲓ َﰷﻧُﻮا ِﻣ ْﻦ آ ٓ َ� ِﺗﻨَﺎ َ َﲺ ًﺒﺎ﴾ ]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲱ َ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪� ﴿ :‬أ ْم َﺣ ِﺴ ْب َﺖ �أ �ن �أ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪.[٩‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎب َﻣ ْﺮﻗﻮ ٌم" ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻜتﻮب‪.‬‬ ‫تﺎب‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﻓَﻌﯿ ٌﻞ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َﻣ ْﻔﻌﻮلٍ ‪ .‬و ِﻣنﻪ‪ِ " :‬ﻛ ٌ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮﻗ ُﲓ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬
‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬روﻣي� ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬الﻠ � ْﻮ ُح‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا�� واة‪.‬‬
‫تﻮب‪ ،‬ﳾ ٌء‬ ‫ﻄﺎب‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻜ ٌ‬ ‫"اﻟﺮﻗ ُﲓ" ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪ِ ) :‬ﺧ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ﺪون(‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ �‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،pracos :‬اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ِ :‬ﺧ ْﺮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬رﻫ ًْﻮا‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن﴾ ]ا��ﺎن‪.[٢٤ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْ� ُﺮ ِك اﻟْ َﺒ ْﺤ َﺮ َرﻫ ًْﻮا اﳖ� ُ ْﻢ ُﺟ ْن ٌﺪ ُﻣﻐ َْﺮﻗُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫� ُ � َِ ِ �‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻧُﻘﻠ ْﺖ ﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﴬ َب اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ َﺮ‬ ‫َرﻫ ًْﻮا ٔأي‪ :‬ﺳﺎ ِﻛﻨًﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ا ْ� ُﺮ ْﻛﻪ ﻛﲈ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪)َ :‬ﻃﺮﯾ ًﻘﺎ(‪ ،‬وذ� ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ٔأرا َد ٔأن ﯾ َ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ٔأن ﯾ َ ْ ُﱰ َﻛﻪ ﻛﲈ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺎ ِﻛﻨًﺎ ُﻣنْﻔ ِﻠ ًﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮن و ُﺟنﻮ ِدﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ َﻣ َﺮﻩ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ِﻓ ْﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻔﺼ َﻞ ﺑيْنَﻪ و ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟ َﯿﻌﻮ َد ﻓ َي ِ‬

‫‪۱۰۸‬‬
‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫وا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪)َ :‬ﺳﻬ ًْﻼ َد ِﻣث ًﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ ِ�ﻫﲈ آٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺳﺎ ِﻛﻨًﺎ(‪ .‬واﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ُﺔ و � ْ‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮو ُم‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن﴾‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ِ ُ�﴿ :‬ﻠ َﺒ ِﺖ �اﻟﺮو ُم * ِﰲ �أد َْﱏ ْ �ا� ْر ِض َو ُ ْﱒ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑ َ ْﻌ ِﺪ �َﻠَﳢِ ِ ْﻢ َﺳ� َﯿ ْﻐ ِﻠ ُﺒ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫]اﻟﺮوم‪.[٣ ،٢ :‬‬ ‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ�َ ِﺮ و �اﻟﺰﻧﻮجِ‪،‬‬ ‫نﺎس ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب واﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس و َ ْ‬ ‫ﺮوف‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ ﺳﺎ�ِ ِﺮ ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮو ُم‪�ِ :‬ن ْ ٌﺲ َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫وا ِ�ﺪُ ﱒ ّ‬
‫روﱊ‪.‬‬
‫روﱊ‪ِّ ُ ،‬ﲰ َﻲ ﺑﻪ ُﻣ َﺆ ِّﺳ ُﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰟ �‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻻﺗﯿني� ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ َ ِﳇﻤ ُﺔ ‪ ،roma‬وﱔ ا ٌ‬
‫وﺻﺎر ْت ﻗُ ْﺴ َﻄ ْﻨﻄﯿني� ُﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﻮري و ٔأ �و ُل ُﻣﻠﻮ ِﻛﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﳌ�ﺎ اﻧْ َﻘ َﺴ َﻤ ِﺖ ا ٕﻻ ْﻣﱪاﻃﻮرﯾ � ُﺔ �اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ َ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْﺳ �‬
‫�ﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬روﻣﺎ(‬ ‫اﻟﴩﻗي� ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬روﻣي� ُﺔ اﳉَﺪﯾﺪةُ‪ .‬وﱔ � ْ‬ ‫�ﺎﲳ َﺔ ا ٕﻻ ْﻣﱪاﻃﻮرﯾ � ِﺔ �اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ � ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﴩﻗي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﺒﺪو ٔأﳖ� ﻢ‬ ‫ﰟ �ﲆ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ا ٕﻻ ْﻣﱪاﻃﻮرﯾ � ِﺔ � ْ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻫﺬا � َ‬ ‫)روﱊ(‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﻃﻠَ َﻖ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ لﻠ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﲿ َﺬﻓﻮﻫﺎ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻣﺎ ٔأرادوا اﳉﯿ َﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪:‬‬ ‫"روﱊ" � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺎء ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ِﺔ ٍّ‬ ‫ا ْﻋ َﺘ َﱪوا َ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ٔأ� ََﺬﲥْ ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ َﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫�ﲑ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ � ْ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮوم‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‪َ ْ ،‬‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۰۹‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍﻱ‬
‫‪َ -‬ز َﻛ ِﺮ ��‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ِ ﴿ :‬ذ ْﻛ ُﺮ َر ْ َﲪ ِﺖ َرﺑ ّ َِﻚ َﻋ ْﺒﺪَ ُﻩ َز َﻛ ِﺮ ��﴾ ]ﻣﺮﱘ‪.[٢ :‬‬ ‫ﰟ ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬ ‫َو َر َد ﻫﺬا � ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ َ)ز َﻛ ِﺮ ��(‪ ،‬و َ� ْﺬ ُف ا ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬اﳌ َ �ﺪ َ)ز َﻛ ِﺮ ��ء(‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻼث ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﺛَ ُ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫ﴏﻓْﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﴫ ْف‪ ،‬وٕان َ� َﺬﻓْ َﺖ ا ٔ� ِﻟ َﻒ َ َ‬ ‫ﴫ َت ﱂ ﺗَ ِ‬ ‫َ)ز َﻛ ِﺮ �ي(‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕن َﻣﺪَ د َْت ٔأو ﻗَ َ ْ‬
‫ﷲ ﯾُﺬ َﻛﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ُ :‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْﻣﻬَﺮ�ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ُ ﴿ :‬ﻣت� ِﻜ ِئ َﲔ ِﻓﳱَﺎ �َ َﲆ ْ �ا� َراﺋِ ِﻚ َﻻ �َ َﺮ ْو َن ِﻓﳱَﺎ َ ْﴰ ًﺴﺎ َو َﻻ َز ْﻣﻬَ ِﺮ ً�ﺮا﴾ ]اﻻٕ�ﺴﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪.[١٣‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻀﯿﺎ ُء‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ُﺮ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ َﻃ ِ ّ�‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ِد‪ ،‬و ِّ‬‫ﻌﺎن؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ِ :‬ﺷ �ﺪ ُة َ ْ‬ ‫�اﻟﺰ ْﻣﻬَﺮ ُ�ﺮ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ِ� �ﺪ ِة َﻣ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪُ ُاﻟﱪود ِة‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﲀن �‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ِﺷ �ﺪ ُة َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪ ِد‪ٔ ،‬أو اﳌ َ ُ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ "زم" ٔأي‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮد‪ ،‬و" َﻫﺮ�ﺮ" ٔأي‪ِ :‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْ َﳒ ِﺒﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﺎ َز ْ َﳒ ِﺒ ًﯿﻼ﴾ ]اﻻٕ�ﺴﺎن‪.[١٧ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و� ُْﺴ َﻘ ْﻮ َن ِﻓﳱَﺎ َ �� ًﺳﺎ َﰷ َن ِﻣ َﺰ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎت اﳌ َ ْﻌﺮوف‪.‬‬ ‫�اﻟﺰ ْ َﳒ ِﺒﯿ ُﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫وﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬ﺷ� ْﻨﻜبﯿﻞ‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺑﻞ ﱔ‬
‫ﺮون‪،‬‬‫ﺮوق اﻟ�ﱵ ﰷﻟ ُﻘ ِ‬ ‫َﺳن ْ ِﺴ ْﻜﺮﯾتي� ٌﺔ )ﻟُﻐ ُﺔ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ﻓﳱﺎ‪" :‬ﴍنﮕﻮ�ﺮ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺻﻮ� إﱃ ﺑِﻼ ِد اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎت �َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ ٔأ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﻞ ٔأ �ن ذ� اﻟﻨ� َ‬ ‫ٔأو ِﻣﻦ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆِ "زﳒﺎﺑﲑا" اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ�ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪَ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت َﻛﺜﲑ ٍة؛ ﻓﻬيﻲ ﰲ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﻗﺪ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ إﱃ ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫ا �ٕﻻ ٔأ �ن ﺗ� َ ِ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫"زﳒﺒﺎر�ﺲ" وﰲ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني�ﺔ‪" :‬زﳒﺒﺎر"‪ْ ،‬‬

‫‪۱۱۰‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﲔ‬
‫‪ِّ ِ -‬ﲭﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﻞ‬‫ﻗﺎ َل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﻠَ �ﻤﺎ َ�ﺎ َء �أ ْﻣ ُﺮ�َ َﺟ َﻌﻠْﻨَﺎ �َﺎ ِ�ﳱَ َﺎ َﺳﺎ ِﻓﻠَﻬَﺎ َو �أ ْﻣ َﻄ ْﺮ�َ �َﻠَ ْﳱَﺎ ِﺣ َ� َﺎر ًة ِﻣ ْﻦ ِ ِّﲭ ٍ‬
‫َﻣنْﻀُ ﻮ ٍد﴾ ]ﻫﻮد‪.[٨٢ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ ّﺠﯿ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﺣ�ﺎر ٌة ِﻣﻦ ﻃﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫ﻃﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ "ﺳ�ﻨﮓ" ٔأي‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺠ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬و"ﮔﻞ" ٔأي‪ٍ :‬‬
‫ﰷﻟﻄﲔِ اﻟﯿﺎ�ِﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ ُﻣ ْﺠ ِﳣﻌ ًﺔ‪ِ :‬ﺣ�ﺎر ٌة ِّ‬
‫‪ِّ ِ -‬ﲭ ٌﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎب اﻟ ُﻔ �� ِﺎر ﻟَ ِﻔﻲ ِ ِّﲭ ٍﲔ * َو َﻣﺎ �أد َْراكَ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮد ُة ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ �� َ ﴿ :‬ا �ن ِﻛ َﺘ َ‬
‫�‬
‫ﻔﲔ‪.[٨ ،٧ :‬‬ ‫ِ ِّﲭ ٌﲔ﴾ ]اﳌ ُ َﻄ ِّﻔ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِﻌ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﺑ ْ ٌِﱤ ﰲ َ َ� � َﲌ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ِﻓ ِ ّﻌﯿ ٌﻞ‬ ‫ون ﻓﳱﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْر ُض �‬ ‫ا ْﺧتَﻠَ َﻒ اﳌ ُ َﻔ ِ ّﴪ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﺠﻦ‪.‬‬‫ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫ﰟ‬‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وا ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗَأٔﰐ ﻓﳱﺎ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا�� ِ ِاﰂ واﻟﺜ �ﺎﺑ ِِﺖ و �‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ِ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫ﲀن ﰲ َ َ� �ﲌ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻣ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ� ّﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ� ِ ّﻞ ِل ْﻠ ُﻜ ُت ِﺐ﴾ ا�ٓﯾﺔ ]ا ٔ�ﻧبيﺎء‪.[١٠٤ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ َﺎء َﻛ َﻄ ّ ِﻲ ِ ّ‬‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم ﻧ َْﻄ ِﻮي �‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ‬ ‫تﺎب‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﻬْﺪُ ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪� :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ� �ﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻌﺎن؛ ﻣﳯﺎ‪ّ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ِ� �ﺪ ِة َﻣ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ� �ﻞ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ�ﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫�‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ّ ِ :‬‬ ‫تﺎب‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ� �ﻞ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﻗي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ�ﻞ‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ّ ِ :‬‬ ‫وﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ َ ِ‬
‫نﺪات وا ٔ� ْﺣﲀم‪.‬‬ ‫�ا�ي �َﻜ ُت ُﺐ اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻓيﻪ ُﺻ َﻮ َر ا�� �ﺎوى واﳌ ُ ْﺴت َ ِ‬

‫‪۱۱۱‬‬
 ‫ﲄ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ اﻧْ َﺘ َﻘ َﻞ إﱃ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ َ‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎر‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻻﺗﯿني� ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ ،sigillum :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳌ َ ْﺮﺳﻮ ِم اﳌَﻠَ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪" :‬ﺳ�ﯿﳫﯿﻮن" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َاﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺳ ِﳫ�ﻦ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ اﻧْ َﺘ َﻘ َﻞ إﱃ � ْ‬
‫ﴎاج‪:‬‬ ‫‪َِ -‬‬
‫ﴎا ً�ﺎ َوﻗَ َﻤ ًﺮا ُﻣ ِن ًﲑا﴾‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤﺎ ِء �ُ ُﺮو ً�ﺎ َو َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ِﻓﳱَﺎ ِ َ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﺗَ َﺒ َﺎركَ � ِا�ي َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ِﰲ �‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫]اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮﻗﺎن‪.[٦١ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ا ِﳌ ْﺼﺒﺎح‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ِ " :‬ﭼﺮاغ" �ﻟﻐ ْ َِﲔ‪ ،‬وﳌ�ﺎ ﺗ �َﻌﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ َﲢ �ﻮﻟَ ِﺖ اﳉ ُﲓ اﻟ َﻘﺮﯾﺒ ُﺔ‬ ‫وﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎر ْت ِﴎا ً�ﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﺼﺒﺎح‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﲔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﲔِ إﱃ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬
‫بﺎﴍ ًة ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ؛ ﻧ ََﻈ ًﺮا‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﱔ آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‪ٔ ،‬آ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﴎا َ�ﺎ‪ ،‬و ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮﲠِ ﺎ ﰲ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﴎا ِدق‪:‬‬
‫ﴎا ِدﻗُﻬَﺎ﴾ ]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪.[٢٩ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا�� �أ ْﻋ َﺘ ْﺪ�َ ِل �ﻠﻈﺎ ِﻟ ِﻤ َﲔ �َ ًرا �أ َ� َﺎط ﲠِ ِ ْﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻬﯿﺐ‬‫اﻟﺴ ُﻮر واﳊﺎﺋِﻂُ �ا�ي ُﳛﯿﻂُ �ﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ِء‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟ ُﻐ ُﺒﺎر وا�� � َُﺎن والﻠ � ُ‬ ‫ﻌﺎن‪ ،‬ﱔ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ ِ� �ﺪ ُة َﻣ ٍ‬
‫اﳌ ُ َﺘﺼﺎ ِ�ﺪُ ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺮ اﳌُﺤﯿﻂُ ��� ﻧْﯿﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﳯ� ﻢ ا ْﺧتَﻠَﻔﻮا ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ "ﴎادار" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ّ ِا�ﻫْﻠﲒ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺑﻞ ِﻣﻦ "ﴎا�ﺮدﻩ" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ِﺳ ْ ِﱰ ا�� ار‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﴪا ِد ُق‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس ِ‬ ‫ﴫ واﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ِء اﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ .‬وﰲ ِ‬ ‫"ﴎا وﴎاي" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﺒيْ ِﺖ واﻟ َﻘ ْ ِ‬
‫�ﺎن ٔأو اﻟ ُﻐ ُﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﲱ ِﻦ اﳌ َ ِﲋ ِل‪ ،‬وا�� ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َ ْ‬ ‫اﳋَﳰ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻜبﲑةُ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﺘﺎر ُة اﻟ َﻜبﲑ ُة اﻟ�ﱵ َ ْﳚ َﻌﻠﻮﳖَ ﺎ َ‬
‫اﻟﴚء‪.‬‬ ‫ﺜﻮر َﺣ ْﻮ َل ٔأ ْﻃﺮ ِاف �‬ ‫�ا�ي ﯾ َ ُ‬
‫ﴎ�ل‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِْ -‬‬
‫ا� َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ﻟَ ُ ْﲂ ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ َ�ﻠَ َﻖ ِﻇ َﻼ ًﻻ َو َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ﻟَ ُ ْﲂ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟْ ِﺠ َﺒ ِﺎل �أ ْﻛﻨَﺎ�ً َو َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و � ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ﻮن﴾‬ ‫يﲂ ﺑَأ� َﺳ ُ ْﲂ َﻛ َﺬ ِ َ� ﯾُ ِ �ﱲ ِﻧ ْﻌ َﻤ َﺘ ُﻪ �َﻠَ ْﯿ ُ ْﲂ ﻟَ َﻌﻠ � ُ ْﲂ � ُ ْﺴ ِﻠ ُﻤ َ‬
‫ﴎاﺑِﯿ َﻞ ﺗَ ِﻘ ُ ْ‬‫يﲂ اﻟْ َﺤ �ﺮ َو َ َ‬ ‫ﴎاﺑِﯿ َﻞ ﺗَ ِﻘ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟَ ُ ْﲂ َ َ‬
‫]اﻟﻨ� ْ� ُﻞ‪.[٨١ :‬‬
‫‪۱۱۲‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﴎ�ل‪.‬‬ ‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ﻟُ ِب َﺲ ﻓﻬﻮ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺺ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ ّ :‬ا� ْر ُع‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬
‫وﱔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ "ﴎ" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻓﻮق‪ ،‬و"�ل" ٔأي‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ‬
‫ﻤﯿﺺ و ّ ِاﻟﺮداء‪.‬‬ ‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﴎ ��‪:‬‬
‫‪َِ -‬‬
‫َو َرد َْت ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮد ُة ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَنَﺎدَاﻫَﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َ ْﲢﳤِ َﺎ �أ �ﻻ َ ْﲢ َﺰ ِﱐ ﻗَ ْﺪ َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ َرﺑ � ِﻚ َ ْﲢ َﺘ ِﻚ‬
‫ﴎ ��﴾ ]ﻣﺮﱘ‪.[٢٤ :‬‬ ‫َِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫وﴎ�ن‪.‬‬ ‫ﴎﯾ َ ٌﺔ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻐﲑ‪ْ َ ،‬ﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ٔ :‬أ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ �ي‪ :‬ا�ﳯ� ْ ُﺮ �‬‫�‬
‫اﻟﴪ �ي ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا�ﳯ� ْ ِﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و � ِ‬
‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ َﻔﺮة‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ِ ﴿ :‬ﺑأ�ﯾْ ِﺪي َﺳ َﻔ َﺮ ٍة﴾ ]�بﺲ‪.[١٥ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻔﺮةُ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜتَﺒ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وا ِ�ﺪُ ﱒ ﺳﺎ ِﻓ ٌﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‬ ‫ﺼﻮن ا ٔ�ﻋْﲈ َل‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻔﺮةُ‪َ :‬ﻛ َﺘﺒ ُﺔ اﳌَﻼ�ِﻜ ِﺔ �ا��ﻦ ُ ْﳛ َ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﲵﻪ ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﴚ َء وﯾُ َﻮ ِ ّ ُ‬‫ﺒﲔ �‬ ‫تﺎب ِﺳ ْﻔ ٌﺮ؛ ٔ� �ن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﯾُ ِ ّ ُ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﲀ ِﺗ ِﺐ ﺳﺎ ِﻓ ٌﺮ‪ ،‬ولﻠ ِﻜ ِ‬
‫وﰲ ٔآ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬آ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻓﺮا‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻟ َﻜتَﺒﺔ‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬آ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﰷ ِﺗﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ﻟَ ْﻔﻈ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ .‬و ِﻟﻬﺬا �ُﺮ ِ ّﺟ ُﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺑﻞ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ْاﺷ َ َﱰ َﻛ ْﺖ ﰲ ﻟَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻬﺎ و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫ﺗَﻮ َار َد ﻓﳱﺎ َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ َﻘﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن ِﰲ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎر �َ َﲆ ُو ُﺟﻮ ِﻫﻬ ِْﻢ ُذوﻗُﻮا َﻣ �ﺲ َﺳ َﻘ َﺮ﴾ ]اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم � ُْﺴ َﺤ ُﺒ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪.[٤٨‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء َ َ� � َﲌ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺳ َﻘ ُﺮ‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫‪۱۱۳‬‬
‫واح‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺬﯾﺐ ا ٔ� ْﺟﺴﺎ َم وا ٔ� ْر َ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ِّ ُ ،‬ﲰ َﯿ ِﺖ اﻟﻨ� ُﺎر ﺑﺬ�؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ ﺗ ُ‬
‫ﺎﻗﻮر ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪�َ :‬ﺪﯾﺪ ٌة ُ ْﲢﻤﻰ و�ُ ْﻜﻮى ﲠﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ُﺲ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أذاﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ‪ .‬و �‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻟﻬﻢ‪َ :‬ﺳ َﻘ َﺮﺗْﻪ �‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﻻ ﺗُ ْﺒ ِﻘﻲ َو َﻻ ﺗ ََﺬ ُر﴾‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴫ ِف؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ �َ َ ٌﲅ ُﻣ َﺆﻧ ٌ�ﺚ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬ ‫ا ِﳊ ُﲈر‪ ،‬وٕاﻧ �ﲈ ا ْﻣتَﻨَ َﻊ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ُﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗ� الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‪ :‬اﻻ ْٕﺣﺮ ُاق �ﻟﻨ�ﺎر‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ َﻜ ًﺮا‪:‬‬
‫ون ِﻣنْ ُﻪ َﺳ َﻜ ًﺮا َو ِر ْزﻗًﺎ َﺣ َﺴ�ﻨًﺎ ا �ن‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺛَ َﻤ َﺮ ِات اﻟﻨ� ِﺨﯿ ِﻞ َو ْ �ا� ْﻋﻨَ ِﺎب ﺗَﺘ� ِ� ُﺬ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫ﻮن﴾ ]اﻟﻨ�ﻞ‪.[٦٧ :‬‬ ‫ِﰲ َذ ِ َ� َ�ٓﯾ َ ًﺔ ِﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ٍم ﯾ َ ْﻌ ِﻘﻠُ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻜ ُﺮ‪ :‬اﳋَ ْﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﻓﳱﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ �ﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬اﳋَ ّﻞ‪.‬‬
‫وﰻ ُﻣﺴ ِﻜﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ ُ �‬
‫ﻐﺎت �ﻠﳱﺎ ﺑﻨ ْﻔ ِﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗَﻮ َارد َِت الﻠ � ُ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺸﱰﻛ ِﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫وا ٔ� ْر َﺟ ُﺢ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﯾُ ْﺪرى ٔأﳞ� ﻢ ٔأ ْﺳ� َﺒﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ واﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ؛ ﻓﻬيﻲ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ وا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳﻠْ َﺴبيﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﻋ ْﯿﻨًﺎ ِﻓﳱَﺎ � ُ َﺴ �ﻤﻰ َﺳﻠْ َﺴب ًِيﻼ﴾ ]اﻻٕ�ﺴﺎن‪.[١٨ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼﺳ ُﺔ واﳉ ََﺮ�ن‪.‬‬ ‫ﰟ ﻟ َﻌ ْ ٍﲔ ﰲ اﳉَﻨ� ِﺔ؛ ﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪� :‬‬ ‫ا �ﻟﺴﻠْ َﺴبي ُﻞ‪ :‬ا ٌ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬ﺳﻠْ َﺴبي ُﻞ‪ :‬اﳌﺎ ُء اﻟ َﻌ ْﺬ ُب‪ ،‬واﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ ِ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫ﰟ �َ ْ ٍﲔ ﰲ اﳉَﻨ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺬاق‪ ،‬وا ُ‬ ‫اﳊَ َﺴ�ﻨ ُﺔ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﲈن‪:‬‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﺳﻠَ ْﯿ ُ‬
‫� ُﺳﻠَ ْﯿ َﻤ َﺎن َو َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﻔ َﺮ ُﺳﻠَ ْﯿ َﻤ ُﺎن َوﻟَ ِﻜ �ﻦ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬واﺗ � َﺒ ُﻌﻮا َﻣﺎ ﺗَ ْﺘﻠُﻮ اﻟ �ﺸ� َﯿﺎ ِﻃ ُﲔ �َ َﲆ ُﻣ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫اﻟ �ﺸ� َﯿﺎ ِﻃ َﲔ َﻛ َﻔ ُﺮوا﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١٠٢ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬‫�ن ِ�ﻦ داو َد �ﻠﳱﲈ �‬ ‫ﷲ ُﺳﻠَ َ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ﻟﻨَ ِ ّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ﱔا ُ‬

‫‪۱۱٤‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎر ْت‪" :‬ﺷﻠﳰﻮن"‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ َ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪" :‬ﺷﻠﻮﻣﻮ"‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ اﻧْ َﺘ َﻘﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ � ْ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫وﰲ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪" :‬ﺳﻠﻮﻣﻮن"‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﺒﺪو ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫�ْ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺳ� ْﻨﺪُ س‪:‬‬
‫ُﴬا ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﺳ� ْﻨﺪُ ٍس َوا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْ َﱪ ٍق﴾ ]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪.[٣١ :‬‬ ‫ﻮن ِﺛ َﯿ ًﺎ� ﺧ ْ ً‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﯾَﻠْبَ ُﺴ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗيﻖ ّ ِا�ﯾﺒﺎجِ َورﻓي ُﻌﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ٔأﻟْ َﻄ ُﻒ ِﻣﻦ ّ ِا�ﯾﺒﺎج‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﻨﺪُ ُس‪َ :‬ر ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﱰ‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻗيﻖ ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﻓﳱﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻫ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫تﺎب‬‫ﻗيﻖ‪ ،‬اﻟن�ﺴ ُ�ﯿﺞ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄ ِﻦ‪ ،‬اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﺳ�ﻨﺪ�ﺲ(‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎنﳱﺎ‪ِ ّ :‬ا� ُ‬
‫ﯾﺒﺎج �اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻔﺎف‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗيﻖ �‬ ‫ﻗيﻖ �ﺪ�ا‪ ،‬وﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َﻣﻼ� ِِﺲ اﻟ ِن ّﺴﺎ ِء اﳌ ُ �ﻔﺼ ِ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻜت� ِﺎن �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺳ�ﯿنﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ينﺎء" ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ�‬ ‫"ﺳ َ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و ُﻃ ِﻮر ِﺳ�ﯿ ِن َﲔ﴾ ]اﻟﺘﲔ‪ .[٢ :‬ﻛﲈ َو َرد َْت ﺑﻠَ ْﻔﻆِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َﴭ ََﺮ ًة َ ْﲣ ُﺮ ُج ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻃ ِﻮر َﺳيْنَ َﺎء ﺗَ ْﻨبُ ُﺖ ِ��� ﻫ ِْﻦ َو ِﺻ ْﺒﻎ ٍ ِﻟ ْ� ٓ ِ ِﳇ َﲔ﴾ ]اﳌﺆﻣنﻮن‪.[٢٠ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﲀن اﳌ َ ْﺸﻬﻮر‪.‬‬‫ﰟ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﯿنﲔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﺳينﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﺳينﺎ ُء‪ :‬ا ُ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر ِﺳ� َ‬ ‫ﯿنﲔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ُ‬ ‫ﺳ� ُ‬
‫ﯿنﲔ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﳊ ََﺴﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﺳ� ُ‬
‫اﳊ ََﺴ ُﻦ ﻛﺬ�‪.‬‬
‫"ﺳينﺎ ُء" �ﳌ َ ِّﺪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬ� " ِﺳ�ﯿنﲔ" � ِﺰ�د ِة‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ ﱔ �ﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪" :‬ﺳينﺎي"‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ �أ ِ� َﺬ ْت‪َ :‬‬
‫ﻮن ﻗ ْبﻠَﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و�ﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪" :‬ﺳينﺎ"‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ اﻧْ َﺘ َﻘﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﴪ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬‫ﻮن و َ� ْﺬ ِف ا ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ و َﻛ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫"ﺳينﺎ" �ﻟ َﻘ ْﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ﱔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ِ :‬‬

‫‪۱۱٥‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﲔ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺷ ْﻄ َﺮ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤﺎ ِء ﻓَﻠَ ُﻨ َﻮ ِﻟ ّ َﯿﻨ� َﻚ ِﻗ ْب َ ً� �َ ْﺮﺿَ ﺎﻫَﺎ ﻓَ َﻮ ِ ّل َو ْ َ� َﻚ‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻗَ ْﺪ نَ َﺮى ﺗَ َﻘﻠ � َﺐ َو ْ ِ� َﻚ ِﰲ �‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫َﺷ ْﻄ َﺮ اﻟْ َﻤ ْﺴ ِ� ِﺪ اﻟْ َﺤ َﺮا ِم﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١٤٤ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫َ ْﳓ َﻮﻩ و�ﺣي َﺘﻪ وﻗَ ْﺼﺪَ ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬ﺗﻠْﻘﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺷﻬْﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﺷﻬ ُْﺮ َر َﻣﻀَ َﺎن � ِا�ي �آ ْن ِﺰ َل ِﻓي ِﻪ اﻟْ ُﻘ ْﺮآ ٓ ُن ﻫُﺪً ى ِلﻠﻨ� ِﺎس‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬
‫ﺎت ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟْﻬُﺪَ ى َواﻟْ ُﻔ ْﺮﻗَ ِﺎن﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١٨٥ :‬‬ ‫َوﺑ َ ِي ّنَ ٍ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮوف ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� �� ِم‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪َ :‬ر َﺟ ٍﺐ َوﺷ ْﻌ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻬﻮر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻌﺪَ ُد اﳌ َ ْﻌ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬ ُْﺮ‪ :‬وا ِ�ﺪُ �‬ ‫�‬
‫َور َﻣﻀﺎن‪.‬‬
‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺳﻬﺮا" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻗَ َﻤ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ "ﺳﻬﺮا�" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫ﺮي‪ ،‬و"ﺳﻬﺮا�" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ِﻫﻼلٍ و ٔآ ِﻫ ��‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬آ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺷﻬﺮا"‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﻗَ َﻤ ٍ ّ‬
‫ِﻼل‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬ ُْﺮ اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ّ‬
‫ﺮي‪.‬‬ ‫ﳼ‪ :‬اﻟﻬ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎر ِّ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫و ٔأ �� ُﻣﻪ‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ‬
‫َﺮون د َ‬
‫ُﺧﻮ�‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬ ُْﺮ ﺑﺬ� ﻻ ْﺷ�ﳤِ ﺎ ِرﻩ وﺑَﯿﺎ ِﻧﻪ‪ ،‬و ٔ� �ن اﻟﻨ� َﺎس � َْﺸﻬ َ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ِّ ُ ،‬ﲰ َﻲ �‬
‫وﺧُﺮو َ�ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺷ� ْﯿ َﻄﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬واﺗ � َﺒ ُﻌﻮا َﻣﺎ ﺗَ ْﺘﻠُﻮا اﻟ �ﺸ� َﯿﺎ ِﻃ ُﲔ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١٠٢ :‬‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎت ُﻣتَ ّ ِﻤﺮ ٍد ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻ� ْ ِﺲ وا ِﳉ ِّﻦ وا�� و ّاب‪.‬‬ ‫ﰻ ٍ‬ ‫ﻠيﺲ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ �ﲆ ٕاﺑْ َ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫�ﲑ ُﻣﻄﯿﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬ﺷ� ْﯿ ٌ‬
‫ﻄﺎن‪ُ :‬ﻣتَ ّ ِﻤﺮ ٌد ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس ِ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺳﺎﻃﺎن"‪ :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺧ َْﺼ ٌﻢ و�َﺪُ ّو‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۱٦‬‬
 ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ )‪ (satan‬اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَﺘ� ِﻔ ُﻖ ﺗَﲈ ًﻣﺎ ﻣ َﻊ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ٔأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺤ ْﺖ‬
‫ﻟ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم َ�ﺰ َﻣ ٍﻦ َﻃﻮﯾﻞ‪ ،‬ا �ٕﻻ ٔأ �ن اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ َم ﻗﺪ ٔأﻋْﻄﻰ ﺑﺪَ ْو ِرﻩ َ ِ‬
‫اﳋﺎص‪.‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫"ﺷ َﻄ َﻦ" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﺑ َ ُﻌﺪَ ‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ "ﺷﺎط" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻫ ََ�‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎﻗُﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ‬
‫ﺮب ﯾُﻄ ِﻠﻘﻮﳖَ ﺎ �ﲆ ا ِﳉ ِّﻦ واﻟ َﻌﻔﺎر ِ‬
‫ﯾﺖ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ؛ إذ َ‬
‫ﰷن اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫و �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺢ ٔأ �ن ﺗ� َ ِ‬
‫ﺷ�ﳇ ِﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻠيﺲ و َﻣﻦ �ﲆ ِ‬ ‫ُﺧﻮل اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم‪ ،‬ﻓتَﺨ �َﺼ َﺼ ْﺖ ٕ�ﺑْ َ‬ ‫ﺎت‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﺗ �‬
‫َﻄﻮ َر َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻣ َﻊ د ِ‬ ‫واﳊَ �ﯿ ِ‬
‫ﰲ ا ٕﻻﺿْ ِ‬
‫ﻼل واﻟ َﻐﻮاﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۱۷‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎﺩ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﴏاط‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴫ َاط اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺴ� َﺘ ِﻘ َﲓ﴾ ]اﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪.[٦ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا ْﻫ ِﺪ�َ ِ ّ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِء ﺻﺎدًا ﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ِب‬ ‫ﺳﲔ ﻗُ ِﻠ َﺒ ْﺖ ﻣ َﻊ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ ﺻﺎ ِدﻩ ٌ‬ ‫راط‪� :‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ُاط و ّ ِاﻟﺰ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴫ ُاط و ِ ّ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫�ﺎر ِ�ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫َﻣ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ‪.‬‬‫وﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬روﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ اﳌ ُ َﺒﻠ�ﻄ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﯾَﻤ َﺘ �ﺪ وﯾُ َﻨﻈ ُﻢ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‪� :‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻻﺗﯿني� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ اﳌ ُ ْﻤﺘﺪّ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﰣ و �‬ ‫اﻟﻮ ِ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺻﻠَﻮ ٌ‬
‫ات‪:‬‬
‫ات‬ ‫ا� اﻟﻨ� َﺎس ﺑ َ ْﻌﻀَ ﻬ ُْﻢ ِﺑ َﺒ ْﻌ ٍﺾ ﻟَﻬُ ِّﺪ َﻣ ْﺖ َﺻ َﻮا ِﻣ ُﻊ َو ِﺑ َﯿ ٌﻊ َو َﺻﻠَ َﻮ ٌ‬‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻟَ ْﻮ َﻻ َدﻓْ ُﻊ � ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ا� َﻛ ِﺜ ًﲑا﴾ ]اﳊﺞ‪.[٤٠ :‬‬ ‫اﰟ � ِ‬ ‫َو َﻣ َﺴ ِﺎ�ﺪُ ﯾُ ْﺬ َﻛ ُﺮ ِﻓﳱَﺎ ْ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼ ِة؛ ٔأرا َد ﲠﺎ َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎ�ﺪَ‬ ‫"اﻟﺼﻠَﻮ ِات"؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﲨ ُﻊ �‬ ‫ﺴﲑ �‬ ‫ون ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﴪ َ‬ ‫ا ْﺧتَﻠَ َﻒ اﳌ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫"ﺻﻠُﻮ�"‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ٔ :‬أﻣﺎ ِﻛ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل ﻟﻬﺎ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻤﲔ و ٔأﻣﺎ ِﻛ َﻦ َﺻﻼﲥِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ َﻛﻨﺎ�ِ ُﺲ ا�ﳱَ ﻮ ِد‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌُﺴ ِﻠ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﺑِﺌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻋﺒﺎد ِة �‬
‫لﻠﺼﻼ ِة؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ؛ ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ إن ﰷﻧ َﺖ َ ِﳇﻤ ًﺔ ُﻣ َﻔﺮد ًة وﻟيﺴﺖ َ ْﲨ ًﻌﺎ �‬
‫َﺻﻠﻮ�‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻛﻨﺎ�ِ ُﺲ ا�ﳱَ ﻮد‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼ ِة‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳌَﻌ َﺒ ِﺪ واﻟ َﻜنيﺴ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺑَيْ ُﺖ َﺻﻠﻮ�" ٔأي‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ُﺖ �‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫َﯿﲁ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻬ َ‬
‫ﴏﻫ �ُﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ُْ -‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْذ ﻗَﺎ َل ا ْ� َﺮا ِﻫ ُﲓ َر ِ ّب �أ ِر ِﱐ َﻛ ْﯿ َﻒ ُ ْﲢ ِﻲ اﻟْ َﻤ ْﻮ َﰏ ﻗَﺎ َل �أ َوﻟَ ْﻢ ﺗ ُْﺆ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَﺎ َل ﺑ َ َﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ﰻ َﺟ َب ٍﻞ‬ ‫ﴫﻫ �ُﻦ اﻟَ ْﯿ َﻚ ُ �ﰒ ا ْﺟ َﻌ ْﻞ �َ َﲆ ُ ِ ّ‬ ‫َوﻟَ ِﻜ ْﻦ ِﻟ َﯿ ْﻄ َﻤ ِ �ﱧ ﻗَﻠْ ِﱯ� ﻗَﺎ َل ﻓَ �� ُْﺬ �أ ْرﺑ َ َﻌ ًﺔ ِﻣ َﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْ ِﲑ ﻓَ ُ ْ‬
‫�‬
‫ِﻣ ْﳯُ �ﻦ ُﺟ ْﺰ ًءا ُ �ﰒ ا ْد ُﻋﻬ �ُﻦ ﯾَأ� ِﺗينَ َﻚ َﺳ ْﻌ ًﯿﺎ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٢٦٠ :‬‬

‫‪۱۱۸‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﴏﻫ �ُﻦ‪ :‬ﻗَ ِّﻄ ْﻌﻬ ُّﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ِْ‬
‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺸَ ِﻘّ ْﻘﻬ ُّﻦ‪.‬‬
‫وﺻﲑٌ �ﻟ َﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫ﴪ‪ِ :‬ﺷ �ﻖ اﻟﺒﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫"ﴏى" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻗَ َﻄ َﻊ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻌﻞ َ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬آٓراﻣي� ٌﺔ؛ ُﻟﻮﺟﻮ ِد اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬

‫‪۱۱۹‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻄّﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮت‪:‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﻮت َوﯾُ ْﺆ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِ� � ِ� ﻓَ َﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْﻤ َﺴ َﻚ ِ�ﻟْ ُﻌ ْﺮ َو ِة اﻟْ ُﻮﺛْ َﻘﻰ َﻻ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَ َﻤ ْﻦ �َ ْﻜ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِ� �ﻟﻄﺎﻏُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ا� َ ِﲰﯿ ٌﻊ �َ ِﻠ ٌﲓ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٢٥٦ :‬‬ ‫اﻧْ ِﻔ َﺼﺎ َم ﻟَﻬَﺎ َو � ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺣ َﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻄﺎن ٔأو ا�ﲀ ِﻫ َﻦ‪ٔ ،‬أو �‬ ‫ﻔﴪ َ�ﻦ ﻓﳱﺎ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل ِ� �ﺪ ٌة؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ٔ :‬أﳖ� ﺎ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿ َ‬ ‫لﻠ ُﻤ ِ ّ‬
‫ﻼل � ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻏﻮ�ً ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰻ ر ٔأ ٍس ﰲ اﻟﻀ� ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َ َﲌ‪ ،‬و �‬‫َاﻟﻮ� ََﻦ‪ٔ ،‬أو �‬
‫وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌل �َﺮى ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬ا�ﲀ ِﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﺎﻟﻮت‪:‬‬
‫ﻮت َﻣ ِ� ًﲀ﴾ ا�ٓﯾﺔ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫ا� ﻗَ ْﺪ ﺑ َ َﻌ َﺚ ﻟَ ُ ْﲂ َﻃﺎﻟُ َ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻗَﺎ َل ﻟَﻬ ُْﻢ ﻧ َ ِبﳱ� ُ ْﻢ ا �ن � َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪.[٢٤٧‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﻮك ﺑَﲏ ا ْٕﴎاﺋﯿ َﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻓﳱﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫� ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ �ﲆ َﻣ ِ ٍ‬ ‫"ﻃﺎﻟﻮت" ا ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫)ﺷﺎؤل(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻃﻪ﴾ ]ﻃﻪ‪.[١ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل �َﺪﯾﺪ ٌة؛ و �ا�ي �ﻠﯿﻪ �ﺎ ِﻟ ُﺐ اﳌ ُ َﻔ ِ ّﴪ َ�ﻦ ٔأ �ن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪َ � :‬ر ُ�ﻞ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ إﳖ� ﻢ‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺗ� الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫�ﲑ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻮن؛ ﻓﺎﻟ َﺒ ْﻌ ُﺾ �َﺮى ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻣ ْنﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ �أﺧﺮى ْ ِ‬ ‫ﯾ َ ْﻨ ِﻘﺴ َ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ا�ٓﺧ َُﺮ �َﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﻔﻮن ٔآﯾﻀً ﺎ �ﲆ ﺛَﻼﺛ ِﺔ ٔآ ْﻗﻮالٍ ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و � ْ‬ ‫َ ْﳜﺘ ِﻠ َ‬
‫ﻼث ﻗَبﺎﺋِ َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻔﻮن ﰲ اﻟ َﻘبﯿ ِ� اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَﺘﳫ� ُﻢ ﲠﺎ �ﲆ ﺛَ ِ‬ ‫وﳜﺘ ِﻠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻗَبﺎﺋِ ِﻞ اﻟ َﯿ َﻤ ِﻦ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ِ‬
‫وﻃ ِ ّ ٍ�‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﻟﻘﺎﺋِ ِﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲁ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫�ﻚ‪ ،‬و ُﻋ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ٍّ‬
‫ﻜﻮن ُﻣﻮاﺋِﻼ‬ ‫تﺎل ﻓﲅ ُﳚ ِْﺐ * ﻓَ ِﺨ ْﻔ ُﺖ �ﻠﯿﻪ ٔأن �َ َ‬ ‫َد َﻋ ْﻮ ُت ﺑِﻄﻪ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻘ ِ‬

‫‪۱۲۰‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت اﻟﺜ �ﻼث‪،‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣ ْﻮﺿﻮ� ًﺔ ِﻟﻬﺬا اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﰲ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫ﰷﱐ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻻ ﻣﺎ ِﻧ َﻊ ٔأن َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻮ �‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ر ٔأى �‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ُﻃ �ﱯ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ إن ﰷﻧ َﺖ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ً� ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻓﻬيﻲ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﯾ َ َﻤﻨ �ﯿ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ٌﺔ ﰲ ﻗَبﺎﺋِ َﻞ‬
‫ﲁ َ‬
‫وﻃ ِ ّ�‪.‬‬ ‫َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ‪� َ� :‬ﻚ و ُﻋ ْ ٌ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻃﻮﰉ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﰉ ﻟَﻬ ُْﻢ َو ُﺣ ْﺴ ُﻦ َﻣآ ٓ ٍب﴾ ]اﻟﺮ�ﺪ‪.[٢٩ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ُ ﴿ :‬ﻃ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ َﴭَﺮ ٍة ﰲ اﳉَﻨ� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ )ﻓُ ْﻌﲆ( ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺴﲑ ﻓﳱﺎ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل ِ� �ﺪ ٌة؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ ا ُ‬ ‫ٔ�ﻫ ِْﻞ اﻟﺘ� ْﻔ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ّﯿ ُِﺐ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻏ ْﺒﻄ ٌﺔ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯿﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗُ ِﻠ َﺒ ِﺖ اﻟﯿﺎ ُء و ًاوا‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌيْ ُﺶ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫ُﺣ ْﺴ�ﲎ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ ُ ْﻌﻤﻰ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ٌَ ْ � :‬ﲑ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓَ َﺮ ٌح ﳍﻢ وﻗُ �ﺮ ُة �َ ْﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰟ لﻠ َﺠﻨ� ِﺔ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌل �َﺮى ٔأﳖ� ﺎ‪ :‬ا ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮر‪:‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ َﻮر � ُُﺬوا َﻣﺎ آٓﺗَ ْينَ ُ ْﺎﰼ ِﺑ ُﻘ �ﻮ ٍة َو ْاذ ُﻛ ُﺮوا‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْذ �أ� َْﺬ�َ ِﻣيﺜَﺎﻗَ ُ ْﲂ َو َرﻓَ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ﻓَ ْﻮﻗَ ُ ُﲂ �‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِﻮر * َو ِﻛ َﺘ ٍﺎب َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻄ ٍﻮر﴾‬ ‫ﻮن﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ ،[٦٣ :‬وﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و �‬ ‫َﻣﺎ ِﻓي ِﻪ ﻟَ َﻌﻠ � ُ ْﲂ ﺗَﺘ� ُﻘ َ�‬
‫]اﻟﻄﻮر‪.[٢ ،١ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ ،‬و َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﷲ �ﻋﺰ و َ� �ﻞ �ﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻮﳻ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﰟ لﻠ َﺠ َﺒ ِﻞ �ا�ي ﳇ� َﻢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُﻮر ﻫﻮ ا ٌ‬ ‫�‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳉَ َﺒ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫)ﻃﻮرا‪.(tora /‬‬

‫‪۱۲۱‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺪن‪:‬‬
‫َﺎ� َ�ﻦ‬‫ﺎت َ ْﲡ ِﺮي ِﻣ ْﻦ َ ْﲢﳤِ َﺎ ْ �ا�ﳖْ َ ُﺎر � ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎت َﺟن � ٍ‬ ‫ا� اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣ ِن َﲔ َواﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣنَ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و�َﺪَ � ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ﺎت �َ ْﺪ ٍن﴾ ]اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.[٧٢ :‬‬ ‫ِﻓﳱَﺎ َو َﻣ َﺴﺎ ِﻛ َﻦ َﻃ ِ ّﯿ َﺒ ًﺔ ِﰲ َﺟن � ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻘﺎﻗﺎت َ ِ‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن ٔأ ْﻛ َ َﱶ ا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْﻨﺎب‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫�َ ْﺪ ٌن‪ :‬ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻜﺮو َم وا ٔ�ﻋ َ‬
‫ﻌﲓ واﻟﺘ�ﻤﺘ�ﻊِ؛ ﻓـ"�َ ْﺪ ٌن" ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ٔ ) :‬أﺳﻌﺪ وز�ﻦ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ َﻌﺪ ٌ�ن‬ ‫ﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺗَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮد ٌة ﰲ ا � ْ‬
‫ﲟ ْﻌﲎ‪�)َ :‬ﯾﺬ(‪ ،‬و"ﻋﻮدا�"‪ :‬ﲟﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺗَﻨ َﻌ ُﻢ‪ ،‬و"�َ ْﺪ ٌن"‪ :‬ﲟ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ ) :‬ﻓ ْﺮدوس و َﺟن�ﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﻞ‬‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮد ٌة ٔآﯾﻀً ﺎ ﰲ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ؛ وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬اﳊَﺪﯾﻘ َﺔ‪ ،‬و�ُﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬ ‫�ﲆ ٔآ �ن َ ِ‬
‫)‪ ،(aden‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺗَﻤﺘ� َﻊ‪ ،‬وﱔ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮد ٌة ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﺪ ُن‪ :‬اﻻٕﻗﺎﻣ ُﺔ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﺳﺎﻣي� ُﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲀن؛ ﻓ�ٔﳖ� ﺎ ﳋُﻠﻮ ِد َﻣﻦ ﻓﳱﺎ ُ ِّﲰ َﯿ ْﺖ ﻛﺬ�‪ ،‬وﻟﻌ �ﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫وٕا ُﻟﻒ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻌ ِﺮم‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَأ�ﻋ َْﺮﺿُ ﻮا ﻓَأ� ْر َﺳﻠْﻨَﺎ �َﻠَ ْ ِﳱ ْﻢ َﺳ� ْﯿ َﻞ اﻟْ َﻌ ِﺮ ِم﴾ ]ﺳ�ﺒأٔ‪.[١٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ �ﺪ �ا�ي‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣنْﻘﻮ ً� ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ِﺮ ُم ﻓﳱﺎ َ ْﲨ ُﻊ َﻋ ِﺮﻣ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﻌﲔ ﰲ َز َﻣ ٍﻦ ُﻣ �ﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪار ُﻣ � ٍ‬ ‫ﻌﲈل اﳌﺎ ِء ﲟِ ْﻘ ٍ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﲂ ﲠﺎ ﻻ ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎت ﯾُ � ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻓَتَ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫َﳛ ِﺠ ُﺰ َ‬
‫ﰟ ٔأ َ� ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻄﺎق‪ٔ ،‬أو ﱔ ا ُ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ ٔأﺻﯿ ً�‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ َﻞ �ا�ي ﻻ ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﷲ ﻓنَ َﻘ َﺐ َﺳ �ﺪ اﳌ َ ْﻤﻠَﻜ ِﺔ ﻓ َﻐ ِﺮﻗَ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﰟ لﻠ ُﺠ َﺮ ِذ �ا�ي ٔأ ْر َﺳ َ� ُ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْودﯾ ِﺔ ﰲ َﻣ ْﻤﻠَﻜ ِﺔ َﺳ� َﺒ ٍأٔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ا ٌ‬
‫ﰟ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟ َﻔأٔر‪.‬‬ ‫اﰊ ٔأ �ن اﻟ َﻌ ِﺮ َم ا ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ا ِ�ﻦ ا ٔ� ْﻋﺮ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ُر ِو َي ِ‬ ‫ِﺟنﺎﳖُ ﻢ؛ ْ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻋ َﺰْ� ٌﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ا� َذ ِ َ�‬ ‫ا� َوﻗَﺎﻟَ ِﺖ اﻟﻨ� َﺼ َﺎرى اﻟْ َﻤ ِﺴ� ُﯿﺢ ا ْ� ُﻦ � ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻗَﺎﻟَ ِﺖ ا�ْﳱَ ُﻮ ُد ُﻋ َﺰْ� ٌﺮ ا ْ� ُﻦ � ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ﻮن﴾ ]اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ا� �أ �ﱏ ﯾُ ْﺆﻓَ ُﻜ َ‬ ‫ون ﻗَ ْﻮ َل � ِا� َ�ﻦ َﻛ َﻔ ُﺮوا ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْب ُﻞ ﻗَﺎﺗَﻠَﻬُ ُﻢ � ُ‬ ‫ﻗَ ْﻮﻟُﻬ ُْﻢ ِﺑأ�ﻓْ َﻮا ِﻫﻬ ِْﻢ ﯾُﻀَ ﺎ ِﻫ ُﺆ َ‬
‫‪.[٣٠‬‬

‫‪۱۲۲‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﻞ‬‫�َ َ ٌﲅ �ﲆ ﻧ ٍ َّﱯ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْبيﺎ ِء ﺑَﲏ ا ْٕﴎاﺋﯿ َﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻋ ْﺰرا(‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬
‫َﺪور َﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﻪ َﺣ ْﻮ َل اﻟﺘ�آٔﯾﯿ ِﺪ‬ ‫)ﻋﺰر(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻓﻌ ٌﻞ � َ ْﺸ ِﱰكُ ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ُﺔ وا�ٓراﻣي� ُﺔ واﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ؛ وﺗ ُ‬
‫ﻐﲑ ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﰟ ُﻣ َﺼﻐ ً�ﺮا‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ واﻓَ َﻖ َﻫ ْﯿﺌ َﺔ اﻟﺘ� ْﺼ ِ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻌ ْﻮ ِن‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ � ُ‬
‫‪� -‬يﴗ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﳻ ْاﻟ ِﻜتَ َ‬
‫ﺎب َوﻗَﻔ� ْيﻨَﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑ َ ْﻌ ِﺪ ِﻩ ِ� �ﻟﺮ ُﺳ ِﻞ َوآٓﺗَيْنَﺎ ِ� َيﴗ ا ْ� َﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َ َﱘ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻟَ َﻘ ْﺪ آٓﺗَيْنَﺎ ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﺎت َو �أﯾ � ْﺪ�َ ُﻩ ِ� ُﺮوحِ اﻟْ ُﻘﺪُ ِس﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٨٧ :‬‬ ‫اﻟْ َﺒ ِيّنَ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ َﻟﺮﺳﻮلٍ ِﻣﻦ �أوﱄ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺰ ِم اﳋَ ْﻤﺴ ِﺔ �ﻠﳱﻢ ا �ﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )�ﺴﻮع(‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻻ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻻ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ )�ﺸﻮع(‪ٔ ،‬أو َﻣنْ ً‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣنْ ً‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻐﲑ َﲱﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُل ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ َﻋ َﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ )اﻟ َﻌ ِيﺲ ٔأو اﻟ َﻌ ِﻮس(‪ُ ْ ،‬‬

‫‪۱۲۳‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎء‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻔ ْﺮد َْوس‪:‬‬
‫ﺎت َﰷﻧ َْﺖ ﻟَﻬ ُْﻢ َﺟن � ُﺎت اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﺮد َْو ِس نُ ُﺰ ًﻻ﴾‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا �ن � ِا� َ�ﻦ آ ٓ َﻣنُﻮا َو َ ِﲻﻠُﻮا �‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﻟ َ� ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪.[١٠٧ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎن �ا�ي َﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺎن ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟبُ ْﺴ� ُ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟبُ ْﺴ� ُ‬ ‫َﺼيﺐ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫َوس‪ :‬اﻟﻮادي اﳋ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻔ ْﺮد ُ‬
‫ﻘﻮن‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ُﻜﺮو ُم؛ ﻓﺎ �ٕن ٔأ ْﻫ َﻞ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم ﯾُﻄ ِﻠ َ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ �ا�ي ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ اﻟبَﺴﺎﺗﲔِ ‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫�‬
‫اد�ﺲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺬﻛ� ٌﺮ‪ ،‬وٕاﻧ �ﲈ �أ ِﻧ ّ َﺚ ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ِ � ﴿ :‬ا� َ�ﻦ‬ ‫�ﲆ اﻟبَﺴﺎﺗﲔِ واﻟ ُﻜﺮو ِم ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ اﻟ َﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫ون﴾ ]اﳌﺆﻣنﻮن‪[١١ :‬؛ ٔ� �ن اﳌ َ ْﻘﺼﻮ َد ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ اﳉَﻨ� ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ‬ ‫ﻮن اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﺮد َْو َس ُ ْﱒ ِﻓﳱَﺎ � ِ َُﺎ� َ‬ ‫�َ ِﺮﺛُ َ‬
‫الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳌ َ ْﻨﻘﻮ ِ� ِﻣﳯﺎ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل‪:‬‬
‫ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻓﳱﺎ‪ ،(paradeisos) :‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ‬
‫�ﻟﴚ ِء‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا‬ ‫�ﺎط �‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ )‪ ،(pairidaeza‬اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ٔ :‬أ َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻮ ِك �ا�ي ُﳛﯿﻂُ �ﻟ َﻜ ْﺮم‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﳯﺎ ) ِﻓﺮ�ﲔ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳊﺎﺋِﻂُ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِّﺪ �ي‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻓﳱﺎ‪) :‬ﻓﺮداﺳﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ذ� اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َل �‬ ‫ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫اﻟ َﻜ ْﺮم‪.‬‬
‫ﺎت ا ٔ�ﻋْﻨﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪َ :‬ﺟن � ِ‬ ‫ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ َﺔ ٔأو ْ َ‬
‫واﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُل ا ٔ� �و ُل ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟﺢ‪ ،‬وٕان واﻓَ َﻖ ذ� � ْ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻌ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأﺻﯿ ٌ�‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮدﺳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ َﻣﻦ ر ٔأى ٔأ �ن َ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺴ َﺎن ِ�ﻦ �ﺑ ٍِﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫وا ْﺳ� َﺘﺪﻟ�ﻮا �ﻠﯿﻪ ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل �‬
‫َوس ﻓﳱﺎ ُﳜ � ُ�‬ ‫نﺎن ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﺮد ِ‬‫ﰻ ُﻣﻮ ِّ� ٍﺪ * ِﺟ ٌ‬ ‫ﷲ �‬ ‫وٕا �ن ﺛَﻮ َاب ِ‬
‫ﺣﺴ َﺎن‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِذ ْﻛ ُﺮﻩ ﰲ ِﺷ ْﻌ ِﺮ �‬ ‫و�ﻠ � َﻖ �ﲆ ذ� ٔأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺷﺎ ِﻛﺮ ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِ�‪) :‬وﻫﺬا َ َﲺ ٌﺐ؛ ٔأن َ‬
‫دَﻟﯿ َﻞ ُﻋﺮوﺑ ِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ُن ٔآ ْﻗﻮى دَﻻ ً� �ﲆ ُﻋﺮوﺑ ِﺘﻪ!(‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۲٤‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﻓ ْﺮ َﻋ ْﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن �آﺑْﻨَﺎ َء ُ ْﰼ‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْذ َ �ﳒ ْﯿﻨَ ُ ْﺎﰼ ِﻣ ْﻦ آ آ ِل ِﻓ ْﺮ َﻋ ْﻮ َن � َُﺴﻮ ُﻣﻮنَ ُ ْﲂ ُﺳﻮ َء اﻟْ َﻌ َﺬ ِاب ﯾُ َﺬ ِ ّ ُﲝ َ‬
‫ﻮن ِ� َﺴ �ﺎ َء ُ ْﰼ َو ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ ُ ْﲂ ﺑ َ َﻼ ٌء ِﻣ ْﻦ َ ِر�ّ ُ ْﲂ َﻋ ِﻈ ٌﲓ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٤٩ :‬‬ ‫َو� َ ْﺴ� َﺘ ْﺤ ُﯿ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ( ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �اﻟﺮو ِم‪ ،‬و) ِﻛ ْﴪى( ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس‪،‬‬ ‫ﴫ‪َ ،‬ﳇ َﻘ ِﺐ )ﻗَ ْي َ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻮك ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫ِﻓ ْﺮ َﻋ ْﻮ ُن‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ ﳌ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻮن �‪ِ :‬ﻓ ْﺮ َﻋ ْﻮن‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‬ ‫�ﺎﴌ ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫�ﺎت ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﰻ ٍ‬ ‫ﻠﻮك اﻟ َﯿ َﻤﻦ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫� ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫و)ﺗُ �ﺒﻊٍ( لﻠ َﻤ ِ ِ‬
‫َﻣﺼﺪَ ًرا‪) :‬اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮﻋَﻨ ُﺔ(‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜ ْ َﱪ واﻟﺘ� َ� � َﱪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪) :‬ﺗَ َﻔ ْﺮ َﻋ َﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ )�ﺮ�ﺎ(‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ﻓﳱﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒيْ َﺖ اﻟ َﻌﻈﲓ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻠﻮك‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ )�َ ُﺮرﻋﯿﺎ(‪ٔ ،‬آي‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ) ِﻓ ْﺮ َﻋ ْﻮ ُن(‪ٔ ،‬آو ﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻻ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫َﻣنْ ً‬
‫�اﻟﺮ�ﺎة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُﻮم‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﳻ ﻟَ ْﻦ ﻧ َْﺼ ِ َﱪ �َ َﲆ َﻃ َﻌﺎ ٍم َوا ِ� ٍﺪ ﻓَﺎ ْد ُع ﻟَﻨَﺎ َرﺑ � َﻚ ُ ْﳜ ِﺮ ْج ﻟَﻨَﺎ ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْذ ﻗُﻠْ ُ ْﱲ َ� ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﺗُ ْﻨ ِب ُﺖ ْ �ا� ْر ُض � ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑ َ ْﻘ ِﻠﻬَﺎ َو ِﻗث �ﺎﲛِ َﺎ َوﻓُﻮ ِﻣﻬَﺎ َو�َﺪَ ِﺳﻬَﺎ َوﺑ َ َﺼ ِﻠﻬَﺎ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٦١ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﳱﺎ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل َﺷ� �ﱴ؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ ٔأ �ن اﻟ ُﻔﻮم‪:‬‬
‫ﴬ ِ�ﻦ ُ َﴰ ْﯿ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ ﻗَ َﺮ �أ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْﺴﻌﻮ ٍد‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺜ �ﻮ ُم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﻟ ِﻜﺴﺎ ِ ّﰄ واﻟ َﻔ �ﺮا ِء واﻟﻨ� ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑ‬ ‫�ء‪ ،‬وﯾُﻀ ِﻌ ُﻒ ذ� اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َل ٔأ �ن ذ� ا ٕﻻﺑْﺪا َل ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎء ً‬‫ﺮب ﺗُﺒ ِﺪ ُل َ‬ ‫َوﺛُﻮ ِﻣﻬَﺎ؛ ٔ� �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬
‫يﺎﳼ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ � َﻜث ٍﲑ ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻗ ٍّ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳊ ْﻨﻄ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ا ِ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس و ٔأ ْﻛ َ ِﱶ اﳌ ُ َﻔ ِ ّﴪ َ�ﻦ‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َ�ﻪ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ُﻃ �ﱯ‪ ،‬و ْاﺣتَ �ﺠﻮا‬
‫ﺑ َﺒ ْي ِﺖ �أ َﺣ ْي� َﺔ ِ�ﻦ اﳉُﻼحِ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ِزرا� ِﺔ ﻓﻮ ِم‬ ‫ﴯ ًﺼﺎ و ِا�ﺪً ا * َو َر َد اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ َﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُﻛ ْﻨ ُﺖ ٔأ ْﻏﲎ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪا ِة؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴنْب ُ� ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ ٔأ ْز ِد �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل َرﺑيﳠُ ﻢ ﳌ�ﺎ ٔأ�� * ِ� َﻜ ِّﻔﻪ ﻓُﻮﻣ ٌﺔ ٔأو ﻓُﻮ َﻣ ِ‬
‫تﺎن‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳊ �ﻤ ُﺺ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎم‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳋ ُْﱫ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۲٥‬‬
 ‫ﺒﻮب اﻟ�ﱵ ُ ْﲣ َﺘ ُﱫ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل َﻋﻄﺎ ٍء وﻗَتﺎدة‪.‬‬ ‫ﰻ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ اﳊُ ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﺒﻮب ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ ُﳜ َ ُﱫ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ :‬ﻓَ ِّﻮﻣﻮا ﻟﻨﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﰻ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ اﳊُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮ ُاب ٔأ �ن اﻟ ُﻔﻮ َم ا ِﳊ ْﻨﻄ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫و �‬
‫ٔأي‪ :‬ا� ِْﱫوا ﻟﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻣ ْنﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ا ِﳊ ْﻨﻄﺔ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْﻗ َﺮ ُب إﱃ �‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮ ِاب‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ اﻟ �ﺴ� �‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﺒﻮب اﻟ�ﱵ‬
‫ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻣ ْنﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻓﻮم(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ِﳊ ْﻨﻄ ِﺔ وا ِﳊ �ﻤ ِﺺ واﳋ ْ ُِﱫ وﺳﺎ�ِ ِﺮ اﳊُ ِ‬
‫ُﲣ َﱫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻔيﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﲱ ِﺎب اﻟْ ِﻔ ِيﻞ﴾ ]اﻟﻔيﻞ‪.[١ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪� ﴿ :‬أﻟَ ْﻢ �َ َﺮ َﻛ ْﯿ َﻒ ﻓَ َﻌ َﻞ َرﺑ � َﻚ ِﺑأ� ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮوف‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ ٔأﻓْيﺎ ٌل وﻓُيﻮ ٌل و ِﻓ َي ٌ�‪ ،‬وا ٔ�ﻧْﱺ ِﻓي ٌ�‪ ،‬وﺻﺎ ِﺣﳢُ ﺎ ﻓَي�ﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻔي ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺣ َيﻮ ٌان َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫اﱊ )‪ٔ ،(pila‬أو ﻫﻮ ذو ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ ِﻫ ْﻨ ّ‬
‫ﺪي‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﯿﻞ(‪ٔ ،‬آو ٔآ ْﺻ ُ� آٓر �‬

‫‪۱۲٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎرون‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﳻ ﻓَ َبﻐَﻰ �َﻠَ ْ ِﳱ ْﻢ﴾ ]اﻟﻘﺼﺺ‪.[٧٦ :‬‬ ‫ون َﰷ َن ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِم ُﻣ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا �ن ﻗَ ُﺎر َ‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﱐ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ َﻘ ِﻞ واﻟ َﻌ َﻈﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ؛ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ )ﯾ َ َﻘﺮ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﯾُﻔيﺪُ َﻣ َ‬
‫ﰷن ُﻣ ْﺠ ِﳣ ًﻌﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺎرون‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺎل‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫و ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَﺮاﻃيﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن َﻛ ِﺜ ًﲑا﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﻧﻌﺎم‪.[٩١ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ْ َ ﴿ :‬ﲡ َﻌﻠُﻮﻧ َ ُﻪ ﻗَ َﺮا ِﻃ َيﺲ ﺗُ ْﺒﺪُ وﳖَ َﺎ َو ُ ْﲣ ُﻔ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت َ ْﲬ ٌﺲ؛ ﱔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﻜتَ ُﺐ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ِ ّي ﳾ ٍء ُﺻ ِﻨ َﻌ ْﺖ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻃﺎس‪� :‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻃيﺲ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ﻃﺎس‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻃ ُﺲ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮ َﻃ ُﺲ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ﻗَﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻃﺎس‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﺎس‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻮن َﻛ ِﺜ ًﲑا ]ا ٔ�ﻧﻌﺎم‪.[٩١ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ْ َ :‬ﲡ َﻌﻠُﻮﻧ َ ُﻪ ﻗَ َﺮا ِﻃ َيﺲ ﺗُ ْﺒﺪُ وﳖَ َﺎ َو ُ ْﲣ ُﻔ َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(chartes) :‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ ِ ّﺴيﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﴍ ُﻛﻮا َوﻟَ َﺘ ِ�ﺪَ �ن‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻟَ َﺘ ِ�ﺪَ �ن �آ َﺷ �ﺪ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس �َﺪَ َاو ًة ِﻟ � ِ� َ�ﻦ آ ٓ َﻣنُﻮا ا�ْﳱَ ُﻮ َد َو � ِا� َ�ﻦ �أ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�آ ْﻗ َﺮﲠَ ُ ْﻢ َﻣ َﻮ �د ًة ِﻟ � ِ� َ�ﻦ آ ٓ َﻣنُﻮا � ِا� َ�ﻦ ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮا ا�� ﻧ ََﺼ َﺎرى َذ ِ َ� ِﺑآ� �ن ِﻣ ْﳯُ ْﻢ ِﻗ ِ ّﺴ ِيﺴ َﲔ َو ُر ْﻫ َﺒﺎ�ً َو �أﳖ� ُ ْﻢ‬
‫�‬
‫ون﴾ ]اﳌﺎﺋﺪة‪.[٨٢ :‬‬ ‫َﻻ � َ ْﺴ� َﺘ ْﻜ ِ ُﱪ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺋيﺲ ِﻣﻦ ُر َؤﺳﺎ ِء اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى ﰲ ّ ِا� ِ�ﻦ واﻟ ِﻌ ِﲅ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُرﺗْﺒ ٌﺔ َﻛنَﺴ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ َ‬
‫دون‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ �ﺲ واﻟ ِﻘ ِ ّﺴ ُيﺲ‪َ :‬ر ٌ‬
‫وﻓﻮق اﳌ َ ْﻄﺮ ِان‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﻗَﺴﺎ ِﻗﺴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ �ﻤ ِﺎس َ‬ ‫�‬
‫"اﻟﺼ ِّﺪ ِﯾﻖ" ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮب‪ ،‬وٕا �ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ٕا �ﻣﺎ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ِ� ْﱪا �ﱐ‪ ،‬ﯾَأٔ� ُُﺬ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ ّﯿ َِﲔ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻘﻮﻻ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﺸيﺸﺎ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﺷ� ْﯿﺦٌ وﻗَﺪﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣنْ ً‬ ‫ٔآن َ‬

‫‪۱۲۷‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴﻄﺎس‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و �أ ْوﻓُﻮا ْاﻟ َﻜ ْي َﻞ ا َذا ِ ْﳇ ُ ْﱲ َو ِزﻧُﻮا ِ�ﻟْ ِﻘ ْﺴ َﻄ ِﺎس اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺴ� َﺘ ِﻘ ِﲓ﴾ ]ا ٕﻻﴎاء‪.[٣٥ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫� ُ � َِ ْ�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻧُﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﺎن‪ٔ :‬أ ْﻗ َﻮ ُم اﳌَﻮاز ِ�ﻦ و ٔأ ْ�ﺪَ ﻟُﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﲒ ُان اﻟ َﻌ ْﺪ ِل‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ‬ ‫ﻄﺎس واﻟ ُﻘ ْﺴ ُ‬ ‫ﻄﺎس واﻟ ُﻘ ْﺴ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُ‬
‫�ﻟﺼﺎ ِد ) ِﻗ ْﺼﻄﺎس وﻗُ ْﺼﻄﺎس(‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﻗَﺴﺎﻃيﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �‬
‫)اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ(‪ ،(constans) :‬و ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب َﲝ ْﺬ ِف اﻟﻨ�ﻮﻧ َﲔِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ �‬
‫ﻄﺎن(‪ ،‬وﺑﺬ� � َﺴ ُﻘﻂُ‬ ‫ﻮن اﻟﺜ�ﺎﻧﯿ ِﺔ )اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُ‬ ‫ﻮن ا ��وﱃ وٕاﺑْﻘﺎ ِء اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫ﻄﺎس(‪ٔ ،‬أو َ� ْﺬ ِف اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫)اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُ‬
‫ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل َﻣﻦ ر ٔأى ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْﺴ َﻮرة‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَ �ﺮ ْت ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْﺴ َﻮ َر ٍة﴾ ]اﳌﺪ�ﺮ‪.[٥١ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ا ٔ� َﺳ ِﺪ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﻗَﺴﺎ ِو ُر‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﺛَﻼﺛ ُﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮالٍ ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎﱐ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺴ َﻮرة‪ٔ :‬أﳖ� ﺎ ا ٌ‬
‫ﻌﺎر ُف �ﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﴪ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻗَﻬ ََﺮ و�َﻠَ َﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُل اﳌ ُ َﺘ َ‬ ‫ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأﺻﯿ ٌ� ُﻣ ْﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )ﻗَ َ َ‬
‫ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ الﻠ � َﻐﻮﯾِّﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌل ﻋﻦ ا ِ�ﻦ َﻋ �ﺒﺎس‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﻛ ْﺸ َﻮرز(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﺰ ُ�ﺰ اﻟ َﻌﻈﲓ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ �ﻄﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻗَﺎﻟُﻮا َرﺑ�ﻨَﺎ َ ِ ّﲺ ْﻞ ﻟَﻨَﺎ ِﻗ �ﻄﻨَﺎ ﻗَ ْب َﻞ ﯾ َ ْﻮ ِم اﻟْ ِﺤ َﺴ ِﺎب﴾ ]ص‪.[١٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ �ﻚ اﳌ ُ ْﻌ َﻄﻰ ﻓيﻪ اﳉﺎ�ِﺰةُ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ُﺔ اﳌ َ ْﻜتﻮﺑ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫ﺼيﺐ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘﻂ�‪ :‬اﳊَﻆ� واﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫ﲈن ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم ﻟَ ِﻘي ُﺘ ُﻪ * ﺑ ِﻐ ْﺒﻄ ِﺘ ِﻪ ﯾُ ْﻌﻄﻲ اﻟ ُﻘ َ‬
‫ﻄﻮط وﯾَأٔ ِﻓ ُﻖ‬ ‫� اﻟﻨ� ْﻌ ُ‬‫وﻻ اﳌ َ ِ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َﻣ ْنﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜتﺎب‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْﻗﻔﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﻮب‬ ‫ون اﻟْ ُﻘ ْﺮآ ٓ َن �آ ْم �َﲆ ﻗُﻠُ ٍ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪� ﴿ :‬آﻓَ َﻼ ﯾ َ َﺘﺪَ �� ُﺮ َ‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮد ُة �ﳉَ ْﻤﻊ ِ ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬
‫�أ ْﻗ َﻔﺎﻟُﻬَﺎ﴾ ]ﶊﺪ‪.[٢٤ :‬‬
‫‪۱۲۸‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ ٔأ ْﻗﻔﺎ ٌل و ٔأ ْﻗ ُﻔ ٌﻞ وﻗُﻔﻮل‪.‬‬‫اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻔ ُﻞ واﻟ ُﻘ ُﻔ �ﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻐﻠَ ُﻖ ﺑﻪ ُ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ إﱃ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ِﻣﻦ )ﻗَ َﻔ َﻞ(‪،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛﻮﭘ َ َ�(‪ ،‬و َذﻫ ََﺐ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ٔأي‪ :‬ﯾ َ ِبﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘ �ﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮﻓَ َﺎن َواﻟْ َﺠ َﺮا َد َواﻟْ ُﻘ �ﻤ َﻞ َواﻟﻀ� َﻔﺎ ِد َع َوا�� َم آ ٓ َ� ٍت‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَآ� ْر َﺳﻠْﻨَﺎ �َﻠَ ْ ِﳱ ُﻢ �‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ُﻣ َﻔ �ﺼ َﻼ ٍت ﻓَﺎ ْﺳ� َﺘ ْﻜ َ ُﱪوا َو َﰷﻧُﻮا ﻗَ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ ُﻣ ْﺠ ِﺮ ِﻣ َﲔ﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﻋﺮاف‪.[١٣٣ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﲑ‪� ،‬ا�ي � ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ‪ :‬ا�� �‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َﻔﺮدُﻩ‪ :‬دَ� ٌة‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻐﺎر اﳉَﺮا ِد �ا�ي ﻻ ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻘ �ﻤ ُﻞ واﻟ َﻘ ْﻤ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﺻ ُ‬
‫اﻏﯿﺚ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ اﻟ ُﻘﺮاد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﻮس �ا�ي ﰲ ا ِﳊ ْﻨﻄ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو َاﻟﱪ ُ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﯿﻮﻃﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ ٔأو � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ اﻟ �ﺴ� �‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ ْنﻄﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ �أﻫ ِْﻞ ْاﻟ ِﻜتَ ِﺎب َﻣ ْﻦ ا ْن ﺗَأ� َﻣ ْن ُﻪ ِﺑ ِﻘ ْن َﻄ ٍﺎر ﯾُ َﺆ ِ ّد ِﻩ‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬
‫�‬
‫اﻟَ ْﯿ َﻚ﴾ ]آآل ﲻﺮان‪.[٧٥ :‬‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ٔ :‬أﻟْ ٌﻒ‬ ‫ﻌﲔ ٔأ ْوﻗي� ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ َذﻫ ٍَﺐ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ﯿﺎر‪ ،‬ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ َو ْز ِﻧﻪ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪َ :‬و ْز ُن ٔأ ْرﺑ َ َ‬ ‫ﻄﺎر‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫اﻟ ِﻘنْ ُ‬
‫ون َر ْﻃ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ٔ :‬أﻟْ ٌﻒ و ِﻣئﺘﺎ ٔأ ْوﻗي� ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﺳ� ْﺒ َ‬
‫ﻌﻮن‬ ‫دﯾﻨﺎر‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣئ ٌﺔ و ِﻋ ْﴩ َ‬ ‫و ِﻣئ ُﺔ ٍ‬
‫�ﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫دﯾﻨﺎر‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﺛَﲈﻧﻮ َن ٔأﻟْ َﻒ ِد ْر َ ٍﱒ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٔأﻟْ َﻒ ٍ‬
‫َﴩ ٔأﻟْ َﻒ ٔأ ْوﻗي� ٍﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ‬ ‫�ﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ �َ ِﺰ ُن اﺛْﲏ ﻋ َ َ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟﺜ �ﻌﺎ ِﻟ �ﱯ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأﻧ �ﻪ �َ ِﺰ ُن ِﻣ ْﻞ َء ِ� ْ ِ� ﺛَ ْﻮ ٍر ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﻫ َِﺐ ٔأو اﻟ ِﻔﻀ� ﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ‬ ‫اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ْﻘﺎل َذﻫ ٍَﺐ‪ٔ ،‬آو �َ ِﺰ ُن ٔآﻟْ َﻒ ِﻣث ِ‬
‫ْﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻻف ِﻣث ِ‬ ‫ﻗُتَ ْﯿﺒ َﺔ ٔآﻧ �ﻪ َﻣ ْنﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪ�َ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و ٔآﻧ �ﻪ �َ ِﺰ ُن ﺛَﲈﻧﯿ َﺔ آ آ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﻗنﻄﲑا(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬و ْز ِن ِﻣئ ِﺔ َر ْﻃ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬و ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫َذﻫ ٍَﺐ ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬
‫ﻻﺗيﲏ )‪ُ ،(centenarium‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ )‪ ،(centum‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬ﻣئﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬

‫‪۱۲۹‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬
‫‪ -‬ﰷﻓﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﺎ َﰷﻓُ ًﻮرا﴾ ]اﻻٕ�ﺴﺎن‪.[٥ :‬‬ ‫ﻮن ِﻣ ْﻦ َ �� ٍس َﰷ َن ِﻣ َﺰ ُ َ‬ ‫َﴩﺑُ َ‬‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا �ن ْ �ا� ْ� َﺮ َار � ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻓﻮر واﻟﻘﻔ� ُﻮر‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪� :‬ﻮاﻓﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﯿﺐ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬ ‫ا�ﲀﻓﻮر‪ِّ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪) :‬ﰷﻓﻮر(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(kapur) :‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ا �ﻟﺴن ْ ِﺴﻜﺮﯾتي� ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮﺑﻮر(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮ ٌد ﰲ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﻔﻮرا(‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌ �ﻞ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ ا ��ﺧﺮى )ﻗَﻔ�ﻮر( َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﰲ � ْ‬
‫ﻘﻮﻻ ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ٍﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﲀﻓﻮر ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ِو�ﺎ ِء َﻃﻠْﻊ ِ اﻟﻨ�� ِْﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬ﻟيﺲ َﻣ ْن ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻛ ْﻔﻠَﲔِ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮ� ﯾُ ْﺆ ِ� ُ ْﲂ ِﻛ ْﻔﻠَ ْ ِﲔ ِﻣ ْﻦ َر ْ َﲪ ِﺘ ِﻪ﴾‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪� �َ ﴿ :‬آﳞ� َﺎ � ِا� َ�ﻦ آ ٓ َﻣنُﻮا اﺗ � ُﻘﻮا � َ‬
‫ا� َوآ ٓ ِﻣنُﻮا ِ� َﺮ ُﺳ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫]اﳊﺪﯾﺪ‪.[٢٨ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻن‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻟ ِﻜ ْﻔ ُﻞ‪ :‬اﳊَﻆ� واﻟﻨ�ﺼيﺐ‪ ،‬وﰲ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﲑ‪ :‬إذا َوﺿَ َﻊ �اﻟﺮا ِﻛ ُﺐ �ﲆ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أﳖ� ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأﺻﯿ ٌ� َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻟﻬﻢ‪ :‬ا ْﻛ َﺘ َﻔﻠْ ُﺖ اﻟ َﺒ َ‬
‫اﻟﻈﻬ َْﺮ ﳇ�ﻪ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ‬ ‫ﻘﻮط‪ ،‬ﻓ�ٔﻧ �ﻚ ﱂ � َ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ ِﻤ ِﻞ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬‫ﺴﺎء ﻟ َﯿﺤ َﻔ َﻈﻪ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫َﻇﻬْ ِﺮﻩ ِﻛ ً‬
‫ا ْﺳ� َﺘﻌ َﻤﻠْ َﺖ ُﺟ ْﺰ ًءا وﻧ َﺼﯿ ًﺒﺎ ِﻣنﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻜ ْﻔ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ذ� اﻟ ِﻜﺴﺎ ُء �ا�ي َﳛ َﻔﻆُ �اﻟﺮا ِﻛ َﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻘﻮط‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﻀ ْﻌ ُﻒ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ َﻣ ْنﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ ِﻜ ْﻔ ِﻞ ﰲ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِّ :‬‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ن َ ِ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻌﲎ ِﻛ ْﻔﻠَ ْ ِﲔ ﰲ ا�ٓﯾ ِﺔ‪ِ :‬ﺿ ْﻌ َﻔ ْﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْ ٌﲋ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮ� اﻟَ ْﯿ َﻚ َوﺿَ ﺎﺋِﻖٌ ِﺑ ِﻪ َﺻ ْﺪ ُركَ �أ ْن ﯾ َ ُﻘﻮﻟُﻮا ﻟَ ْﻮ َﻻ‬ ‫� �َ ِركٌ ﺑ َ ْﻌ َﺾ َﻣﺎ ﯾُ َ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﻠَ َﻌ � َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫�أ ْن ِﺰ َل �َﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻪ َﻛ ْ ٌﲋ �أ ْو َ� َﺎء َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ َﻣ َ ٌ‬
‫�﴾ ]ﻫﻮد‪.[١٢ :‬‬

‫‪۱۳۰‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻮن‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ َﻛ َ ْﲋ ُت اﳌﺎ َل‪ :‬إذا َ َﲨ ْﻌ َﺘﻪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬‫اﳌﺎل اﳌ َ ْﺪ ُ‬‫اﳌﺎل اﳌ َ ْﻮﺿﻮ ُع ﰲ ِو�ﺎ ٍء‪ٔ ،‬أو ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜ ْ ُﲋ‪ُ :‬‬
‫ا�﴾ ]اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.[٣٤ :‬‬ ‫ِيﻞ � ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و � ِا� َ�ﻦ �َ ْﻜ ِ ُﲋ َ‬
‫ون ا ��ﻫ ََﺐ َواﻟْ ِﻔﻀ� َﺔ َو َﻻ ﯾُ ْﻨ ِﻔ ُﻘﻮﳖَ َﺎ ِﰲ َﺳب ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت �َﺪﯾﺪ ٍة؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ إﱃ ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ َ ِ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﮔﻨﺞ(‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪) :‬ﻛﲋا(‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫�ْ‬

‫‪۱۳۱‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟُﻮط‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﻠَ �ﻤﺎ َر �أى �أﯾْ ِﺪﳞَ ُ ْﻢ َﻻ ﺗ َِﺼ ُﻞ اﻟَ ْﯿ ِﻪ نَ ِﻜ َﺮ ُ ْﱒ َو �أ ْو َﺟ َﺲ ِﻣ ْﳯُ ْﻢ ِﺧي َﻔ ًﺔ ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮا َﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫َ َﲣ ْﻒ ا�� �أ ْر ِﺳﻠْﻨَﺎ ا َﱃ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِم ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫ﻮط﴾ ]ﻫﻮد‪.[٧٠ :‬‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ًﻌﻼ ﳌَﻦ ﯾَﻔ َﻌ ُﻞ اﻟﻔﺎ ِﺣﺸ َﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ‬ ‫ﻮط �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﷲ ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ﻟﻨَ ِ ّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫وﻻو َط وﻟَ �ﻮ َط‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ْ :‬ار�َ َﻜ َﺐ ﻓﺎ ِﺣﺸ َﺔ‬ ‫ﻻط �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ َ‬ ‫ﳰﲔ �ﻠﳱﺎ؛ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮط ُﻣﻘ َ‬ ‫ﰷن ﻗَ ْﻮ ُم ٍ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻟﻮط‪ ،‬واﳌَﺼﺪَ ُر‪ :‬ال ِﻠ ّﻮاط‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗَ ْﻮ ِم ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ إﱃ‬‫اﻟﺴ ْ ِﱰ‪ ،‬و َذﻫ ََﺐ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎب و ِ ّ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴚ ُء ﺑ َﻘﻠْﱯ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﻟْ َﺘ َﺼ َﻖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫ﻻط �‬ ‫ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎ ِﻗﻪ ِﻣﻦ َ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻣت� َ ٔ�‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﻠَ �ﻤﺎ َ ِﲰ َﻌ ْﺖ ِﺑ َﻤ ْﻜ ِﺮ ِﻫ �ﻦ �أ ْر َﺳﻠَ ْﺖ ا�َ ْ ِﳱ �ﻦ َو �أ ْﻋ َﺘﺪَ ْت ﻟَﻬ �ُﻦ ُﻣت� َ��﴾ ]ﯾﻮﺳﻒ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ْﻔيﻒ‪� ُ :‬ﻣ ْتﲀ‪ً.‬‬
‫‪ ،[٣١‬ﻗَ َﺮ �أ ُﻣ�ﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺪ َوﺳﻌﯿﺪُ ُ�ﻦ ُﺟ َب ْ ٍﲑ �ﻟﺘ�ﺨ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪ :‬ا�� َ ���‬ ‫ﺮب ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ُم‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫اﳌُﺘ� َ ��‪ :‬اﳌَ� ِﻠ ُﺲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل َﺟﲈ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ َﻔ ِ ّﴪ َ�ﻦ‪ :‬ا �ٕن اﳌُﺘ� َ �� ﻫﻮ �‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُﺘ� َ �� �ﻠﯿﻪ لﻠ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ‬ ‫ﻼن‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻃ ِﻌ ْﻤﻨﺎ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻩ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻓُ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﴩاب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم ٔأو �‬ ‫ٔأو �‬
‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ِﻗﺮاء ُة ) ُﻣ ْت ًﲀ(‪ ،‬وﱔ ِﻗﺮاء ُة ُﻣ�ﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺪ َوﺳﻌﯿ ِﺪ ِ�ﻦ ُﺟ َب ْ ٍﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌ ُ ْﺘ ُﻚ‪ :‬ﺛَ َﻤ ُﺮ ا �� ْ� ُﺮ ّجِ‪ ،‬وذ�‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل ﻗَبﯿ ُ� ٔأ ْز ِد َﺷ�ﻨﻮءةَ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ْﺘ َﻜ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْ� ُﺮ �� ُﺔ؛‬
‫ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻂِ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﳊَبَﺸ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬‫ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫�ﻟﺼﻮاعِ ِ� َﺎرا * و�َﺮى اﳌ ُ ْﺘ َﻚ ﺑ َ ْﯿنَنﺎ ُﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘ َ‬
‫ﻌﺎرا‬ ‫ﴩ ُب اﻻ ْ َٕﰒ �‬ ‫�َ َ‬

‫‪۱۳۲‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌ ُ َﻔ ِ ّﴪ َ�ﻦ‬‫ﴪﻫﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﺳﲑ ﻓﳱﺎ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ �أ�َﺪ ْ�ت لﻠ ِن ّ ْﺴﻮ ِة َﻣ�ﺎ ِﻟ َﺲ ﯾَﺘ� ِﻜ ْ َﱧ �ﻠﳱﺎ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﻓَ � َ‬ ‫ﰠ اﻟﺘ� ِ‬ ‫ﻓأٔ َ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٔ� ْ� ُﺮ �ج؛ ٔ� �ن‬ ‫لﻠﻄﻌﺎ ِم‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ َ�ﺪ�دوا ﻣﺎﻫ �ﯿ َﺔ �‬ ‫�ﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم؛ ٔ� �ن اﳌُﺘ� َ�� ٕاﻧ �ﲈ �أ ِ� �ﺪ �‬ ‫�‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﻜّ َﲔ ٕاﻧ �ﲈ ﺗُ َﻌ �ﺪ ِﳌ ِ‬
‫ﺜﻞ ﺛَ َﻤ ِﺮ ا ٔ� ْ� ُﺮ ّج‪.‬‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ُ ) :‬ﻣ ْت ٌﻚ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْ� ُﺮ ّج‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣ ْنﻘﻮ ً� ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣﺠﻮس‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﺑ ِﺌ َﲔ َواﻟﻨ� َﺼ َﺎرى‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮد ُة ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا �ن � ِا� َ�ﻦ آ ٓ َﻣنُﻮا َو � ِا� َ�ﻦ ﻫَﺎ ُدوا َو �‬
‫�‬
‫ﳾ ٍء‬ ‫ﰻ َْ‬ ‫ا� �َ َﲆ ُ ِ ّ‬ ‫ا� ﯾ َ ْﻔ ِﺼ ُﻞ ﺑَيْﳯَ ُ ْﻢ ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم اﻟْ ِﻘ َيﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ ا �ن � َ‬
‫ﴍ ُﻛﻮا ا �ن � َ‬ ‫َواﻟْ َﻤ ُﺠ َﻮس َو � ِا� َ�ﻦ �أ ْ َ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫َﺷﻬِﯿ ٌﺪ﴾ ]اﳊﺞ‪.[١٧ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﻮﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣ �‬ ‫ﺪﯾﻨﻮن ﲠﺎ اﻟﻨ� َﺎر‪ ،‬وﯾُ َنﺴ ُﺐ إ�ﳱﺎ ﻓ ُي ُ‬ ‫اﳌَﺠﻮﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻣ � ٌ� ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳌﻠَ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﯾَﻌ ُﺒﺪُ َﻣﻦ ﯾ َ َ‬
‫ﺠﻮس‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪ�ﻦ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫دان ِ‬ ‫ﺠﻮس‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﳯﺎ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪ :‬ﺗَ َﻤ �ﺠ َﺲ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬‬ ‫واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ُ‬
‫ﻮ� �ﲆ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄﺮ ِة؛‬ ‫)ﰻ َﻣ ْﻮﻟﻮ ٍد ﯾُ َ ُ‬ ‫�ﲑﻩ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺟ َﻌ َ� َﻣﺠﻮﺳ� �ﯿﺎ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ﷺ‪� ُ :‬‬ ‫و َﻣ �ﺠ َﺲ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ ْ َ‬
‫ﻓأٔﺑﻮاﻩ ﳞُ ّ ِﻮدا ِﻧﻪ ٔأو ﯾُﻨَ ِ ّﴫا ِﻧﻪ ٔأو ﯾُ َﻤ ِ ّﺠﺴﺎ ِﻧﻪ‪.(...‬‬
‫َﺮي ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ِ ) :‬ﻣنْﺞ ﻗﻮش(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﺠﻮس‪ ،‬ودَ�ﺎ إﻟﯿﻪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ�ﻦ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫دان ِ‬ ‫ﻐﲑ ا �� ُذﻧ َﲔِ ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ �و ُل َﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﰷن ا ًﲰﺎ َﻟﺮ ُ� ٍﻞ َﺻ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﮕﻮش(‪،‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ا�دي ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� )ﻣنﺞ �ﻮش(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ ْﲑوز �‬
‫وﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﮕﻮﺷ�ﯿﺎ(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﻎ(‪ ،‬وﰲ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪) :‬ﳎﻮﺷﺎ(‪ ،‬وﰲ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(magos) :‬وﰲ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(magus) :‬وﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺞ(‪.‬‬
‫�ﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ْ َ ﴿ :‬ﳜ ُﺮ ُج ِﻣ ْﳯُ َﻤﺎ الﻠ � ْﺆﻟُ ُﺆ َواﻟْ َﻤ ْﺮ َ� ُﺎن﴾ ]اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪.[٢٢ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎر الﻠ � ْﺆﻟُ ِﺆ‪ ،‬وا ِ�ﺪُ ﺗﻪ َﻣ ْﺮ�ﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎن‪ِ :‬ﺻ ُ‬ ‫اﳌ َ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(margarites) ،(margaron) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ا�� �ر‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﺆﻟُﺆ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۳۳‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﺮ َﱘ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َﻣ ْﺮ َ َﱘ اﺑْن َ َﺖ ِ ْﲻ َﺮ َان اﻟ � ِﱵ �أ ْﺣ َﺼن َ ْﺖ ﻓَ ْﺮ َ َ�ﺎ ﻓَنَ َﻔ ْﺨﻨَﺎ ِﻓي ِﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُرو ِﺣنَﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ﺎت َر ِ ّﲠَﺎ َو ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺒ ِﻪ َو َﰷﻧ َْﺖ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟْ َﻘﺎ ِﻧ ِﺘ َﲔ﴾ ]اﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪.[١٢ :‬‬ ‫َو َﺻ �ﺪﻗَ ْﺖ ِ� َ ِﳫ َﻤ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺮ َ ُﱘ‪ٌ َ َ� :‬ﲅ �ﲆ �أ ِّم اﳌَﺴ�ﯿ ِﺢ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬
‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫وي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﺎﺑِﺪةُ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿﻀﺎ �‬‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﻘ َﻄ َﻌﲔِ ‪) :‬ﻣﺎري(‪ٔ ،‬آي‪� :‬اﻟﺮ �ب‪ ،‬و) ٔآﻣﺎ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻻ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺎرﯾآٔﻣﺎ(؛ ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬ ‫َﻣنْ ً‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬أ َﻣ ُﺔ �اﻟﺮ ّب‪.‬‬‫ٔأي‪ :‬ا �� َﻣ ِﺔ؛ ُ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ْﺴ ٌﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ِ ﴿ :‬ﺧتَﺎ ُﻣ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﺴ ٌﻚ َو ِﰲ‬ ‫َو َرد َْت ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮد ُة َﻣ �ﺮ ًة وا ِ�ﺪ ًة ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ٓ ِن ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬
‫ﻮن﴾ ]اﳌﻄﻔﻔﲔ‪.[٢٦ :‬‬ ‫َذ ِ َ� ﻓَﻠْ َﯿتَنَﺎﻓَ ِﺲ اﻟْ ُﻤ َﺘﻨَﺎ ِﻓ ُﺴ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬
‫ﯿﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ِﳌ ْﺴ ُﻚ‪ِّ :‬‬
‫ﯾﱵ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ذات ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ َﺳنْ ِﺴﻜﺮ ٍّ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻣﺸﮓ(‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ُﺔ‪ ،(muscus) :‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ َد َ� َﻞ إﱃ‬ ‫َد َ� َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺪﯾ ِﺪ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ )‪ ،(musk‬واﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(musc) :‬وا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(muschio) :‬وا ٔ�ﻟْﲈﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪.(Moschus‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ْﺸﲀة‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ َﻮ ِات َو ْ �ا� ْر ِض َﻣث َ ُﻞ ﻧ ُِﻮر ِﻩ َ ِﳈ ْﺸ َﲀ ٍة ِﻓﳱَﺎ ِﻣ ْﺼ َﺒ ٌﺎح اﻟْ ِﻤ ْﺼ َﺒ ُﺎح‬
‫ا� ﻧ ُُﻮر �‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ُ � ﴿ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ِﰲ ُز َ�ﺎ َ� ٍﺔ﴾ ا�ٓﯾﺔ ]اﻟﻨﻮر‪.[٣٥ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ا ِﳌ ْﺸﲀةُ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ �ﻮ ُة ٔأو اﻟﺘ� ْﺠﻮ ُﯾﻒ اﳌ َ ْﻮﺟﻮ ُد ﰲ اﳊﺎﺋِﻂِ �ا�ي ﻻ ﯾَﻨ ُﻔ ُﺬ إﱃ ا ِﳉﻬ ِﺔ ا ��ﺧﺮى‪،‬‬
‫ﻬﻮر ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺒﺎح ﻓﳱﺎ ٔأ َﺷ �ﺪ إ�رةً‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﳉُ ْﻤ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ا ِﳌ ْﺼ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺎح‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫وﯾُﻮﺿَ ُﻊ ﻓﳱﺎ ا ِﳌ ْﺼ ُ‬
‫ﻜﻮن ﻓيﻪ اﻟ َﻔتﯿ ُ�‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺑﻞ ﱔ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﻞ �ا�ي �َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌ ُ َﻔ ِ ّﴪ َ�ﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺑﻞ ﱔ َﲻﻮ ُد اﻟ ِﻘنْ ِ‬
‫اﻟ ِﻘنْﺪﯾ ُﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺪ ُة اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُﻌﻠ � ُﻖ ﲠﺎ اﻟ ِﻘنْﺪﯾﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۳٤‬‬
 ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ( و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ ،(maskòt) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ �ﻮة‪.‬‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪُ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ َﻮ ِات َو ْ �ا� ْر ِض﴾ ]اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‪.[٦٣ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ �ُ َ ﴿ :‬ﻣ َﻘﺎ ِﻟﯿﺪُ �‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﺷﺎ ِﻣ ًﻼ اﻻﺛْﻨَﲔِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤﻮ ِات وا ٔ� ْر ِض‪ٔ ،‬أو َﺧﺰا�ِﳯُ ﲈ‪َ ،‬وﳚ ُﻮز ٔأن َ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ �‬‫اﳌَﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪُ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ُ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫تﺎح‪ ،‬وا ِﳌ ْﻘﻠﯿﺪُ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ ا ٕﻻ ْﻗﻠﯿ ِﺪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻓﳱﺎ‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ ْﻗﻠﯿﺪُ ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َﻔﺮدُﻫﺎ �‬
‫ٔأﻗﺎﻟﯿﺪُ ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َﻔﺮدُﻫﺎ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻘﻼ ٌد‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ِﳋﺰاﻧ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣ ْﻘ َ�‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺧتَﻠَﻔﻮا ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�‪) :‬أ ْٕﳇﯿﺪ‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻮن اﻟ ُﻘﺪاﱉ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ الﻠ � َﻐﻮﯾ � َ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬و ِ�ﺪَ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳇﯿﺬ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﳇﯿﺪ‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻌ ْﻮد ِة إﱃ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ َ ِ‬
‫)‪ ،(klei-s‬وﰲ �ﺎ ِ� ا ٕﻻﺿﺎﻓ ِﺔ‪َ ،(kleidi-on) :‬ﻓﺼ �ﺢ َﻛ ْﻮ ُن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫روﱊ ) ٕا ْﻗﻠﯿ ِﺪس(‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﯾَﲈﻧ َﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ �َﺰ ُال‬ ‫ﻮﱊ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ �‬ ‫وﯾُﺆ ِﯾ ّﺪُ ذ� ﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬
‫ﴬ َﻣ ْﻮت‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ِﳌ ْﻔتﺎحِ ﰲ َﺣ ْ َ‬ ‫� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺗ� َ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣن ْ َﺴأ�ة‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﻠَ �ﻤﺎ ﻗَﻀَ ْﯿﻨَﺎ �َﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻪ اﻟْ َﻤ ْﻮ َت َﻣﺎ َدﻟ�ﻬ ُْﻢ �َ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺗ ِﻪ ا �ﻻ دَاﺑ � ُﺔ ْ �ا� ْر ِض ﺗَأ� ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫ِﻣن ْ َﺴأ�ﺗَ ُﻪ﴾ ]ﺳ�ﺒأٔ‪.[١٤ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﻣ َﻊ �اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ‪ ،‬وﻗَ َﺮ �أﻫﺎ �ﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﻟﻜﻮﻓ ِﺔ �ﻟﻬَ ْﻤ ِﺰ‬ ‫ا ِﳌنْﺴأٔةُ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﺼﺎ اﻟﻀ� ﺨْﻤ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ اﻟﻬَ ْﻤ ِﺰ ِﻣنْ َﺴﺎﺗَﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﻟ َﺒ ْﴫ ِة ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣن ْ َﺴأ�ﺗَﻪُ‪ ،‬وﻗَ َﺮ �أﻫﺎ �ﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﻗُ �ﺮا ِء ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ِﺔ و ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْ ِﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻌﲑ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ز َﺟ ْﺮﺗُﻪ َﺣث �ﺎ � �ﲆ �‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ٕا �ﻣﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأﺻﯿ ٌ� ُﻣ ْﺸ�ﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ � َ َﺴأ� ُت اﻟ َﺒ َ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣنْﻘﻮ ً� ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﺼﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وٕا �ﻣﺎ ٔأن َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﳻ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﳻ �أ ْرﺑ َ ِﻌ َﲔ ﻟَ ْﯿ َ ً� ُ �ﰒ � َاﲣ ْﺬ ُ ُﰎ اﻟْ ِﻌ ْ� َﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑ َ ْﻌ ِﺪ ِﻩ َو �أﻧ ُ ْْﱲ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وا ْذ َوا�َ ْﺪ�َ ُﻣ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ﻮن﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٥١� :‬‬ ‫َﻇﺎ ِﻟ ُﻤ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﳻ ا ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﻣﻮﳻ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﻤﻲ ﻟﻨَ ِ ّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ٔأ َﲺ �‬
‫‪۱۳٥‬‬
 ‫)ﻣﻮﺷﻪ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ �ﻧ ِت ِ‬
‫ﺸﺎل‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ :‬‬
‫واﳉ َْﺬ ِب؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ اﻧْتُ ِﺸ َﻞ ِﻣﻦ اﳌﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٔأو ﻫﻮ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ )ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻂِ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� )ﻣﻮﺷﺎ(؛ ُﻣ �‬
‫ﰷن ﻣﻮﳻ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻮت �ا�ي َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ َﺠ ِﺮ؛ ٔ� �ن اﻟﺘ� َ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻘ َﻄ َﻌﲔِ ‪) :‬ﻣﻮ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و)ﺷﺎ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﺠ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ﻫﺬا َ�ﴚء‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﳌﺎ ِء و �‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻮﺿﻮ�ًﺎ ﻓيﻪ ُو ِ�ﺪَ ْ َ‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ َﻣ َﻘﻄ َﻌﲔِ ‪،(mo) :‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻻ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣنْ ً‬ ‫ٔأو ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،(mesu) :‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻻ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣنْ ً‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ٔأي‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٌء‪ ،‬و)‪ ،(use‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٔ :‬أﻧْ َﻘ َﺬ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﻔﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِّ :‬‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ َ� ْﺬ ٍر ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ )م‪ /‬س‪ /‬ي(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺗ�‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬‫و �‬
‫ﻘﻮﻻ ِﻣﻦ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ ِ� ْﱪ ٍ ّي؛ ٔ� �ن َﻣﻦ َ �ﲰﻰ ﻣﻮﳻ �ﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‪َ :‬و َ َ�‪ /‬ﯾ َ ِ ُ�‪ِ /‬وﻻدةً‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ َﻣنْ ً‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم ﰷﻧﻮا ِﻗ ْبﻂَ ِﻣ ْﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣيﲀﺋﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﰷ َن �َﺪُ �وا ِ � ِ� َو َﻣ َﻼ�ِ َﻜ ِت ِﻪ َو ُر ُﺳ ِ ِ� َو ِ� ْ ِﱪﯾ َﻞ َو ِﻣ َيﲀ َل ﻓَﺎ �ن � َ‬
‫ا� �َﺪُ �و‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬
‫ِﻟ ْ� َﲀ ِﻓ ِﺮ َ�ﻦ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٩٨ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫يﲀل‪ِ ،‬ﻣي َﻜيِﯿ ُﻞ‪ ،‬وﻣيﲀﯾِﯿ ُﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ِ :‬ﻣ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺎت‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻮﰻ �ﳌ َ َﻄ ِﺮ واﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫� اﳌ ُ � ِ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ لﻠ َﻤ َ ِ‬‫ا ُ‬
‫وﻣيﲀﯾﲔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْي َﻜ ِئﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫)ﷲ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﷲ؛ ﻓـ )ﻣيﲀ( ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪) :‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪ(‪ ،‬و)إﯾﻞ( ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ون ٔأ �ن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﴪ َ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳌ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫َوو َﺻ َﻔﻪ ٔأﺑﻮ َﺣي� َﺎن ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ َو ْ� ٌﻪ ﺑَﻌﯿ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪) :‬ﱊ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﷲ؟‬‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﻣﻦ �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ َ‬ ‫ﷲ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫و)ﰷ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ُ� :‬ﺸ� ِﺒﻪُ‪) ،‬إﯾﻞ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬‬

‫‪۱۳٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ِ � -‬ﺷ�ﺌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﱔ �أ َﺷ �ﺪ َو ْﻃﺌًﺎ َو �أ ْﻗ َﻮ ُم ِﻗ ًيﻼ﴾ ]اﳌﺰﻣﻞ‪.[٦ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪� ﴿ :‬ا �ن �َ ِﺷ�ﺌَ َﺔ الﻠ � ْﯿ ِﻞ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫َِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﻓﳱﺎ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻻن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ�ﺎﺑ ُﺔ‪ :‬إذا ْارﺗَ َﻔ َﻌ ْﺖ؛ ﻓﺎﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬إذا ﳖَ َﻀَ ِﺖ اﻟﻨ� ْﻔ ُﺲ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أﳖ� ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأﺻﯿ ٌ�؛ ِﻣﻦ �َﺸَ أ� ِت �‬
‫ﻧ َْﻮ ِﻣﻬﺎ لﻠ ِﻌﺒﺎد ِة‪ ،‬وﺗَأٔﰐ �َﺸَ أ� ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﳖَ َ َﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﺷ�ﺌ ُﺔ َﻣﺼﺪَ ُر �َﺸَ أ�‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘيﺎ ُم ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ‬
‫ﯿﻞ ا ��وﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎ�ﺎت الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﯿﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺑﻞ ُ‬ ‫ﺎ�ﺎت ا ��وﱃ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ْﻮ ِم‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﺷ�ﺌ َﺔ �‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ِ :‬ﻗيﺎ ُم الﻠ�ﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧ ُﻮح‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا�� �أ ْو َﺣ ْيﻨَﺎ اﻟَ ْﯿ َﻚ َ َ� �أ ْو َﺣ ْيﻨَﺎ ا َﱃ ﻧ ُﻮحٍ َواﻟﻨ� ِﺒ ِيّ َﲔ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑ َ ْﻌ ِﺪ ِﻩ﴾ ا�ٓﯾﺔ ]اﻟ ِن ّﺴﺎء‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫‪.[١٦٣‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼ ُة و �‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ �ﲆ ﻧ ِ َّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ُﻮح‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫ﻧ ٌ‬
‫ﻨﻮح(؛‬ ‫)�ح ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫اﱊ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ ٔآو اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ﻓﳱﲈ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻌﻞ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪ ِ ّي ا�ٓر ِّ‬
‫ﻜﻮن‪ ،‬واﻟﺘ�ﻮﻗ� ُﻒ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮا� ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﺒ ْﻘيﺎ واﻟﺘ�ﻠ �ﺒﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﻪ‪� :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳍﺎء‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﺎروت وﻣﺎروت‪:‬‬
‫� ُﺳﻠَ ْﯿ َﻤ َﺎن‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬واﺗ � َﺒ ُﻌﻮا َﻣﺎ ﺗَ ْﺘﻠُﻮا اﻟ �ﺸ� َﯿﺎ ِﻃ ُﲔ �َ َﲆ ُﻣ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﲈن ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬ ‫�ﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬان ْ‬ ‫َو َر َد ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤ َﺮ َو َﻣﺎ �أ ْن ِﺰ َل �َ َﲆ اﻟْ َﻤﻠَ َﻜ ْ ِﲔ‬ ‫َو َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﻔ َﺮ ُﺳﻠَ ْﯿ َﻤ ُﺎن َوﻟَ ِﻜ �ﻦ اﻟ �ﺸ� َﯿﺎ ِﻃ َﲔ َﻛ َﻔ ُﺮوا ﯾُ َﻌ ِﻠ ّ ُﻤ َ‬
‫ﻮن اﻟﻨ� َﺎس ِ ّ‬
‫وت﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١٠٢ :‬‬ ‫وت َو َﻣ ُﺎر َ‬ ‫ِﺑ َﺒﺎ ِﺑ َﻞ ﻫ َُﺎر َ‬

‫‪۱۳۷‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺎن �ﲆ َﻫﻮار َ‬ ‫ﴩ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﰷ� ﯾُﻌ ِﻠ ّﲈ ِﻧﻪ ﺑَﲏ اﻟبَ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲈن ﳌَﻠَ َﻜﲔِ �أن ِﺰ َل �ﻠﳱﲈ ِ� ُﲅ ِ ّ‬ ‫�َﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺖ‪ ،‬و َﻫﻮا ِرﺗ ٍﺔ و َﻣﻮ ِارﺗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻣﻮار َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻻن ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻠ�ﻬﲈ َﻣ ْن ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﺎرون‪:‬‬
‫ﻮت ِﻓي ِﻪ َﺳ ِﻜيﻨَ ٌﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ َ ِر�ّ ُ ْﲂ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻗَﺎ َل ﻟَﻬ ُْﻢ ﻧ َ ِبﳱ� ُ ْﻢ ا �ن آٓﯾ َ َﺔ ُﻣ ْﻠ ِﻜ ِﻪ �أ ْن ﯾَأ� ِﺗ َﯿ ُ ُﲂ اﻟﺘ�ﺎﺑُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫آُ �‬
‫ون َ ْﲢ ِﻤ ُ ُ� اﻟْ َﻤ َﻼ�ِ َﻜ ُﺔ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[٢٤٨ :‬‬ ‫ﻮﳻ َوآل ﻫ ُ َ‬
‫َﺎر‬ ‫َوﺑ َ ِﻘي� ٌﺔ ِﻣ �ﻤﺎ �َ َﺮكَ آ آ ُل ُﻣ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼ ُة و �‬ ‫ﷲ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ ﻟﻨَ ِ ّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ٔ ) :‬أﻫﺎرون(‪ ،‬وا ْﺧتَﻠَﻔﻮا ﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺗ َﺒ ًﻌﺎ ﻻ ْﺧ ِتﻼ ِﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﲋ َق‪ٔ ،‬أو اﳌﺎ ِﻛ َﺮ اﳌُﻔ ِﻜّ َﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻔيﻒ � ِ‬ ‫اﳉ َْﺬ ِر �ا�ي ا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ‪� ،‬ﲆ ﺛَﻼﺛ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮالٍ ‪ٔ :‬أﻧ �ﻪ ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬اﳋ َ‬
‫ٔأو اﻟ َﻌ �ﲇ اﳌ ُ َﺘﻌﺎﱄ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا �ن ِﻓ ْﺮ َﻋ ْﻮ َن َوﻫَﺎ َﻣ َﺎن َو ُﺟنُﻮد ُ ََﳘﺎ َﰷﻧُﻮا �َﺎ ِﻃ ِﺌ َﲔ﴾ ]اﻟﻘﺼﺺ‪.[٨ :‬‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫�َ َ ٌﲅ �ﲆ َوز� ِﺮ ِﻓ ْﺮ َﻋ ْﻮ ِن ﻣﻮﳻ‪.‬‬
‫ﰷن َﳛ َﺘ ��‪،‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن �َﻠَ ًﻤﺎ �ﲆ اﳌ َ ِﻨﺼ ِﺐ �ا�ي َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻣﻮن(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ َﻣ َﻘﻄ َﻌﲔِ ‪) :‬ﻫﺎ ‪ +‬آٓﻣﺎن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪) :‬اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻓ ِﺬ إﱃ آ ٓ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮن؛ ُﻣ �‬ ‫ﺒﲑ َﻛﻬَﻨ ِﺔ آ ٓ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺒﲑ اﻟ َﻜﻬَﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻛ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻫ ْﯿ َﺖ �‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َر َاو َدﺗْ ُﻪ اﻟ � ِﱵ ﻫ َُﻮ ِﰲ ﺑ َ ْيﳤِ َﺎ َﻋ ْﻦ ﻧ َ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ َو�َﻠ � َﻘ ِﺖ ْ �ا�ﺑْ َﻮ َاب َوﻗَﺎﻟَ ْﺖ َﻫ ْﯿ َﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ا�﴾ ا�ٓﯾﺔ ]ﯾﻮﺳﻒ‪.[٢٣ :‬‬ ‫َ َ� ﻗَﺎ َل َﻣ َﻌﺎ َذ � ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﯿﺖ �‪ :‬ﻫ ُ �َﲅ �‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻗب ِْﻞ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ٔأرﯾﺪُ ﻩ ِﻣنﻚ‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫�ﺎ ِﻟ ُﺐ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل اﳌ ُ َﻔ ِ ّﴪ َ�ﻦ ٔأ �ن َﻣ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‪ ،‬وﱔ ِﻗﺮاء ُة ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗُ �ﺮا ِء َﻣﻜ� َﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻫ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪َ :‬ﻫ ْﯿ ُﺖ‪ ،‬وﱔ ِﻗﺮاء ُة ِ‬ ‫ﺗَﻌﺎ َل‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫‪۱۳۸‬‬
‫ِ�ﻦ ٔأﰊ ا ْٕﲮ َﺎق اﻟ َﺒ ْﴫ ِ ّي‪ ،‬وﻗَ َﺮ �أﻫﺎ َﺟﲈ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ُﻣتَ ِّﻘﺪﱊ اﻟ ُﻘ �ﺮا ِء‪ِ ) :‬ﻫ ْﺌ ُﺖ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﲥَ َ �ﯿأٔ ُت �‪،‬‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬وﱔ ِﻗﺮاء ُة �ﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ(؛ ٔ� �ن �ﻠﳱﺎ َ� َم ٔأ ْﻛ َ ِﱶ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫اءات و ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱶﻫﺎ ) ِﻫ َ‬
‫و ٔأ ْﺟ َﻮ ُد اﻟ ِﻘﺮ ِ‬
‫اﳌَﺪﯾﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫َ�ﺎت اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا ْﺷ�ﳤَ َﺮ ْت‬
‫وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌل �َﺮى ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻬْ� ِﺔ اﳊ َْﻮراﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ إ�ﺪى ﻟَﻬ ِ‬
‫�ﻠﯿﻚ‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﻮ ٌل ِ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ؛ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﳊ ََﺴ ِﻦ �َﺮى ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ُ ْ‬‫�ﺎز‪ ،‬وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌل ِ‬
‫ﰲ ا ِﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِّﺪ ِ ّي �َﺮى ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻗ ْبﻄ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﻮ ٌل ﻋﻦ ٔأﰊ زﯾ ٍﺪ �َﺮى ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِ� ْﱪﯾ � ٌﺔ؛ ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻫَﯿ َﺘﺎ ﻟَ ْﺞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬‫�‬
‫ﺗَﻌﺎ َل‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۳۹‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ‬
‫‪َ -‬و ْردة‪:‬‬
‫]اﻟﺮ ْﲪﻦ‪.[٣٧ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤﺎ ُء ﻓَ َﲀﻧ َْﺖ َو ْر َد ًة َﰷ ّ ِ�ﻫ َِﺎن﴾ �‬‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﺎ َذا ا�ْﺸَ ﻘ� ِﺖ �‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ�ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ َﴭَﺮ ٍة ٔأو ﻧ َ ْبت ٍﺔ‪َ :‬زﻫ ُْﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و َاﻟﻮ ْر ُد ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺰﻫ ُْﺮ �ا�ي �ُﺸَ �ﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪةُ‪َ :‬و ْرد ٌة‪،‬‬ ‫َاﻟﻮ ْر ُد ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﺠﺮةُ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻇﻬ ََﺮ َزﻫ ُْﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ﻟَ ْﻮِﻧﻪ �أﻃ ِﻠ َﻖ َاﻟﻮ ْر ُد �ﲆ الﻠ � ْﻮ ِن ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ِﺮ‬ ‫وﯾَﻘﻮﻟﻮ َن‪َ :‬و �رد َِت �‬
‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪ٔ :‬أ َﺳ ٌﺪ َو ْر ٌد‪ ،‬وﻓَ َﺮ ٌس َو ْر ٌد‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ُ)و ْر ٌد‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻔﺮ ِة ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﳌﺎﺋِ ِﻞ إﱃ �‬
‫و ِورا ٌد(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪)َ :‬و ُر َد اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ُس ﯾ َ ْﻮ ُر ُد ُو ُرودةً(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺢ َو ْر ًدا‪.‬‬
‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ� ٔأﻫﻮ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ٔأم ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪varta, ) :‬‬
‫‪.(varda‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﺎء‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾَأٔﺟﻮج‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ َ�ﺪَ ٍب ﯾَن ْ ِﺴﻠُ َ‬
‫ﻮن﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﻧْبِيﺎء‪:‬‬ ‫ﻮج َو ُ ْﱒ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﻮج َو َﻣأ� ُﺟ ُ‬‫ﻗﺎ َل ﺗَﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﺣ �ﱴ ا َذا ﻓُ ِت َﺤ ْﺖ ﯾَأ� ُﺟ ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪.[٩٦‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﲈن ٔآ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺎن ٔ� �ﻣتَ ْ ِﲔ ِﻣﻦ َو َ ِ� � ِﻓ َﺚ ِ�ﻦ ﻧﻮحٍ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﲈ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ :‬آٓﺟﻮج‬ ‫ﺟﻮج‪ْ :‬اﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻮج و َﻣآٔ ُ‬
‫ﯾَآٔ ُ‬
‫وﻣﺎﺟﻮج‪.‬‬
‫ﺪور َﺣ ْﻮ َل َﻣﻌﺎﱐ اﻻٕﻫﺎ� ِﺔ‬ ‫ﲈن َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺎن ُﻣ ْﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ِﺎن ِﻣﻦ ) ٔأﺟﺞ( �ا�ي ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫ٔأو ﻫﲈ ْاﺳ ِ‬
‫و� ْﺷ� ِﺘﺪا ِد‪ ،‬و�ﺿْ ِﻄﺮ ِاب و� ْﺧ ِتﻼط‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬ﻗﻮت‪:‬‬
‫]اﻟﺮ ْﲪﻦ‪.[٥٨ :‬‬ ‫ﻮت َواﻟْ َﻤ ْﺮ َ� ُﺎن﴾ �‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪�� َ ﴿ :‬ﳖ� ُ �ﻦ اﻟْ َﯿﺎﻗُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬

‫‪۱٤۰‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﴩ ٌب ُﲝ ْﻤﺮ ٍة ٔأو ُز ْرﻗ ٍﺔ ٔأو ُﺻ ْﻔﺮ ٍة‪،‬‬ ‫�ﺎر اﻟ َﻜﺮﳝ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟَ ْﻮﻧ ُﻪ َﺷﻔ� ٌﺎف ُﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺎﻗﻮت‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺮ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺣ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎ�‬ ‫اﻗيﺖ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ِ ُ‬ ‫و ٔأ ْﺟ َﻮ ُد ٔأﻧْﻮا ِ�ﻪ ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ّ ِلﻠﺰﯾﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪةُ‪� :‬ﻗﻮﺗ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﯾَﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻋﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﲑ �‬ ‫ُ�ﻦ ﻧ َُﻮ ْ�ﺮ َة َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﻗﻮت وا ��ﻫ َِﺐ‬ ‫بﯿﺖ ﺑ ِﻪ * ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ� ِﺪ و ِ‬ ‫�ج ﻗﺪ ُﺣ َ‬ ‫ْﻟﻦ ﯾُﺬ ِﻫ َﺐ الﻠ � ْﺆ َم ٌ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ �َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ إﱃ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻛﻨﺪ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫�ﺎر اﻟ َﻜﺮﳝ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْز َر ُق الﻠ � ْﻮ ِن‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ َد َ� َﻞ‬ ‫)‪ ،(yakithos‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺣ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻌ�‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﯾﻘﻮﻧﺪا(‪) ،‬ﯾﻮﻗنﺜﺎ(‪�) ،‬ﻗﻮﻧﺘﻮس(‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ‪�) :‬ﻛﻨﺪ(‪ ،‬و َد َ� َﻞ إﱃ � ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮن ِﻣنﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َ� ْﺬ ِف اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫َد َ� َﻞ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻘﻮب‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾ َ ْﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻮب﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١٣٢ :‬‬ ‫َو َر َد ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َو �ﴅ ﲠِ َﺎ ا ْ� َﺮا ِﻫ ُﲓ ﺑ َ ِني ِﻪ َوﯾ َ ْﻌ ُﻘ ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮب �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﷲ ﯾ َ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ �ﲆ ﻧ ِ َّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﳉ َْﺬ ِر‪) :‬ﻋﻘﺐ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑﻨ ْﻔ ِﺲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻘﻮب ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﺎ ِﻗﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﲎ ﯾ َ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫ﰟ اﻟﻔﺎ ِ� ِﻞ؛ ُ‬ ‫ﻀﺎر ٌع �ُﺮا ُد ﺑﻪ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ ا ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﻮ�ُﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ا�� �أ ْو َﺣ ْيﻨَﺎ اﻟَ ْﯿ َﻚ َ َ� �أ ْو َﺣ ْيﻨَﺎ ا َﱃ ﻧ ُﻮحٍ َواﻟﻨ� ِﺒ ِيّ َﲔ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑ َ ْﻌ ِﺪ ِﻩ َو �أ ْو َﺣ ْيﻨَﺎ ا َﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬ ‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫ون‬‫ﻮب َوﯾُﻮ� ُ َﺲ َوﻫ َُﺎر َ‬ ‫ﻮب َو ْ �ا� ْﺳ� َﺒ ِﺎط َو ِ� َيﴗ َو �أﯾ � َ‬ ‫ا ْ� َﺮا ِﻫ َﲓ َوا ْ َﲰﺎ ِﻋﯿ َﻞ َوا ْﲮ ََﺎق َوﯾ َ ْﻌ ُﻘ َ‬
‫�‬ ‫ٓ‬ ‫�‬ ‫َ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫َو ُﺳﻠ ْﯿ َﻤ َﺎن َوآﺗَيْنَﺎ د َُاو َد َزﺑُ ًﻮرا﴾ ]ا نﺴﺎء‪.[١٦٣ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ْﳘ ٍﺰ‪� َ :‬‬
‫ﰥ‬ ‫ﻼث ِﻣﳯﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت؛ ﺛُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ِﺳ �ﺖ ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﯾﻮ� ُ َﺲ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ‫ﰥ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬‫ﻼث ِﻣﳯﺎ �ﻟﻬَ ْﻤ ِﺰ‪� َ :‬‬ ‫ﴪﻫﺎ )ﯾُﻮ ِ�ﺲ(‪ ،‬وﺛَ ٌ‬ ‫ﻮن )ﯾُﻮ�ُﺲ(‪ ،‬وﻓَ ْت ُﺤﻬﺎ )ﯾُﻮ�َﺲ(‪ ،‬و َﻛ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﴪﻫﺎ )ﯾُﺆ ِ�ﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﯾُﺆ�ُﺲ(‪ ،‬وﻓَ ْت ُﺤﻬﺎ )ﯾُﺆ�َﺲ(‪ ،‬و َﻛ ْ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﯾﻮ�(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳊَﲈ ُم‪ ،‬و َد َ� َﻞ ِﻣﳯﺎ إﱃ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )ﯾُﻮ�ﺲ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻮن ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫وﲷ ِﺖ اﻟﻨ� ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� ُ ،‬‬ ‫و ِﻣﳯﺎ َد َ� َﻞ إﱃ � ْ‬
‫‪۱٤۱‬‬
 ‫اﻟﲓ‪:‬‬
‫‪َّ -‬‬
‫ﺎﱒ ِﰲ اﻟْ َ ِّﲓ﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﻋﺮاف‪.[١٣٦ :‬‬ ‫ﰟ ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬ﻓَﺎﻧْ َﺘ َﻘ ْﻤﻨَﺎ ِﻣ ْﳯُ ْﻢ ﻓَأ� ْﻏ َﺮ ْﻗنَ ُ ْ‬ ‫َو َر َد ﻫﺬا � ُ‬
‫اﻟﲓ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪� َ :‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪) :‬ﳝ�ﺎ(‪،‬‬ ‫وا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘ َﻞ ِﻣﳯﺎ ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ‪� ،‬ﲆ ﺛَﻼﺛ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮالٍ ‪ْ � :‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻄ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ُﺔ و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْر َﺟ ُﺢ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﳞَ ﻮد‪:‬‬
‫ﳾ ٍء َوﻗَﺎﻟَ ِﺖ اﻟﻨ� َﺼ َﺎرى ﻟَي َْﺴ ِﺖ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وﻗَﺎﻟَ ِﺖ ا�ْﳱَ ُﻮ ُد ﻟَي َْﺴ ِﺖ اﻟﻨ� َﺼ َﺎرى �َ َﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ُ‬
‫ﳾ ٍء﴾ ا�ٓﯾﺔ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١١٣ :‬‬ ‫ا�ْﳱَ ُﻮ ُد �َ َﲆ َ ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻن‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﻓﳱﺎ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫�ب؛ ﻗﺎ َل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ا�� ﻫ ُْﺪ�َ اﻟَ ْﯿ َﻚ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أﳖ� ﺎ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )ﻫﺎ َد ﳞَ ﻮدُ( إذا َ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫�ء اﻟن � َﺴ ِﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﰲ‪ِ :‬ز ْﳒ ّ ٍﻲ‪ِ ،‬وزﻧْﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ )ا�ﳱَ ﻮدﯾ�ﻮن(‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﳯ� ﻢ َ� َﺬﻓﻮا َ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﳖ� ﺎ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﳞِ ُﻮ ِدﱘ‪ /‬ﳞِ ُﻮدﯾ ّ ِِﲓ( وﺗ َُﻨﻄ ُﻖ � �� ِال؛ ِ� ْﺴ�ﺒ ًﺔ‬
‫داﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪) :‬ﳞﻮد(‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ‬ ‫ﺪال ا �� ِال ً‬ ‫ﻘﻮب‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﳯ� ﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ٕ�ﺑْ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﺎط ﯾ َ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫�ﳱَ ﻮذا ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳ� ِ‬
‫ٔأ ْد�َﻠﻮا ا ٔ� ِﻟ َﻒ و �اﻟﻼ َم �ﲆ ٕاراد ِة اﻟن � َﺴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﻮﺳﻒ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫ﻮب ُ �� ﻫَﺪَ ﯾْﻨَﺎ َوﻧ ُﻮ ً�ﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬و َو َﻫ ْﺒﻨَﺎ َ ُ� ا ْﲮ ََﺎق َوﯾ َ ْﻌ ُﻘ َ‬ ‫ﰟ ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ِ‬ ‫َو َر َد ﻫﺬا � ُ‬
‫� �‬
‫ون َو َﻛ َﺬ ِ َ�‬‫ﻮﳻ َوﻫ َُﺎر َ‬ ‫ﻮب َوﯾُ ُﻮﺳ َﻒ َو ُﻣ َ‬ ‫ﻫَﺪَ ﯾْﻨَﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْب ُﻞ َو ِﻣ ْﻦ ُذ ّ ِرﯾ � ِﺘ ِﻪ د َُاو َد َو ُﺳﻠَ ْﯿ َﻤ َﺎن َوأﯾ � َ‬
‫َ ْﳒ ِﺰي اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺤ ِﺴ� ِﻨ َﲔ﴾ ]ا ٔ�ﻧﻌﺎم‪.[٨٤ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻧ ُ ِﻘﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﰥ‬ ‫ﻼث ِﻣﳯﺎ �ﻟﻮا ِو‪� َ :‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت؛ ﺛُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ِﺳﺖ� ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺳ َﻒ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﷲ ُ‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ �ﲆ ﻧ ِ َّﱯ ِ‬ ‫ا ُ‬
‫ﺪال اﻟﻮا ِو َ ْﳘﺰةً‪:‬‬ ‫ﻼث ٕ�ﺑْ ِ‬ ‫)ﯾﻮﺳ ُﻒ(‪ ،‬وﺛَ ٌ‬ ‫ﴪﻫﺎ ِ‬ ‫)ﯾﻮﺳ ُﻒ(‪ ،‬و َﻛ ْ ُ‬ ‫)ﯾﻮﺳ ُﻒ(‪ ،‬وﻓَ ْت ُﺤﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲔِ ُ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻐﺎت ُ‬ ‫ﰻ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫)ﯾﺆﺳ ُﻒ(‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﴪﻫﺎ ِ‬ ‫)ﯾﺆﺳ ُﻒ( و َﻛ ْ ُ‬ ‫)ﯾﺆﺳ ُﻒ(‪ ،‬وﻓَ ْت ُﺤﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲔِ ُ‬ ‫ﰥ ِّ‬ ‫َ�‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎ ُء َﻣﻀْ ﻤﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰟ َﻣنْﻘﻮ ٌل ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﳉ َْﺬ ِر‪� :‬ﺴﻒ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ� :‬ﺰﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫و� ُ‬
‫‪۱٤۲‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳌُﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‬

‫‪� -‬أﺑْﺪوج‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ �ﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻒ �‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �اﻟﺰﺑ َ ْ ِﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َ َﲪ َﻞ ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم اﳋَ ْﻨﺪَ ِق �ﲆ ﻧ َْﻮﻓَ ِﻞ ِ�ﻦ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫َو َر َد ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﴎ ِ�ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗَ َﻄ َﻊ �أﺑْﺪُ َ‬
‫وج َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪج‪.‬‬
‫ﲢﺖ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﴪجِ‪ِ :‬ﻟ ْﺒﺪُ ﻩ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺪوج � ْ‬ ‫‪� -‬أﺑْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� ) :‬أﺑْﺪُ ود(‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ ْ� َﺰن‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأ� َ ٍﺲ‪) :‬ا �ٕن ﱄ ٔأ ْ� َﺰ�ً �أﺗَ َﻘ �ﺤ ُﻢ ﻓي ِﻪ و ٔأ� ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎﰂ(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ -‬وﻫﻮ َﺣ ْﻮ ٌض ِﻣﻦ ُﳓ ٍﺎس ﯾُﻐت َ َﺴ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ و ٔآ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬آ ٓ ْ� ُﺰن(‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْر ُﺟﻮان‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ِ ْﲻﺮ َان ِ�ﻦ ُﺣ َﺼ ٍﲔ‪ٔ ) :‬أ �ن اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ ﳖَ يﻰ ﻋﻦ ِﻣ َيﱶ ِة ا �� ْر ُﺟﻮ ِان(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﯿﺎب اﳊُ ْﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒ ُﻎ ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ُﺮ �ا�ي ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل �‪ :‬اﻟن�ﺸﺎ ْﺳ� َﺘ ُﺞ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬وا ٔ� ْر ُﺟﻮ ُان ﻫﻮ ّ ِ‬
‫ﳼ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬أ ْرﻏُﻮان‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ ْﺳ� َﺒﺬ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ﻟ ِﻌﺒﺎ ِد ِ‬
‫ﷲ ا �� ْﺳ� َﺒ ِﺬ�ﻦ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أ �ن َرﺳﻮ َل ِ‬
‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬

‫‪۱٤۳‬‬
 ‫ﲈن �ﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ َﺮ�ﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮن ُ ْﱒ ُﻣﻠﻮكُ ُﻋ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬وا ٔ� ْﺳ� َﺒ ِﺬﯾ � َ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪َ :‬ﻋ َﺒﺪ ُة اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ِس؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﻢ ﰷﻧﻮا ﯾَﻌ ُﺒ َ‬
‫ﺪون ﻓَ َﺮ ًﺳﺎ ﻓ� ﻗي َﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫�ﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ا ْﺳﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﰟ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ِس ِ‬ ‫وا ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺳ ِ َﻧﱪْﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َﲽ َﺲ ﯾَﺪَ ﻩ ﰲ َد ِم ِ� ْﲋ� ٍﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﻦ ﻟَ ِﻌ َﺐ �ﻻ ْٕﺳ ِ َﻧﱪْ ِﺞ و � ْ‬
‫اﻟﲊ ِد‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﰟ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ِس �ا�ي ﰲ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻄﺮﱋ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳼ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫‪ -‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺻ َﻄ ْﻔﻠﯿﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ‪ْ �ٔ ) :‬ن ِﺰ َﻋﻨ�ﻚ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ ْ ِ‬
‫� نَ ْﺰ َع ا ٕﻻ ْﺻ َﻄ ْﻔﻠﯿﻨﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎب ُﻣﻌﺎ ِوﯾ َﺔ إﱃ ﻗَ ْي َ َ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ِﻛ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺆﰻ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪ :‬ا ْٕﺻ َﻄ ْﻔﻠﯿﻨ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ اﳉ ََﺰرة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻻ ْٕﺻ َﻄ ْﻔ ِﻠ ُﲔ‪ :‬اﳉ ََﺰ ُر �ا�ي ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ‪) :‬وﱔ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )ا ْٕﺻ َﻄﻔﺎ ِﻟيﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ ْﻃ َﺮﺑﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﺮب(‪ ،‬وﯾُ َﻘﺼﺪُ‬ ‫ﺒﻮن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ُ َﲻ َﺮ ِ�ﻦ اﳋ �َﻄ ِﺎب‪ْ :‬‬
‫)ﻗﺪ َر َﻣ ْيﻨﺎ ٔأ ْر َﻃ َ‬
‫ﺒﻮن �اﻟﺮو ِم ﺑأٔ ْر َﻃ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺮب َ ْﲻ ُﺮو‬ ‫�ﺎﳈُﻬﻢ �ﲆ ﺑَيْ ِﺖ اﳌَﻘ ِﺪ ِس ) ٔأ ْرﯾﻄﻮن(‪ ،‬وﯾُ َﻘﺼﺪُ ﺑأٔ ْر َﻃ ِ‬
‫ﺒﻮن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﻮن �اﻟﺮو ِم ِ‬ ‫ﺑأٔ ْر َﻃ ِ‬
‫ُ�ﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎص‪.‬‬
‫ؤوس‬‫ﺋيﺲ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �اﻟﺮو ِم‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ ُر ِ‬ ‫ﺒﻮن )‪ :(Tribunus‬ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻮن وا ٔ� ْر َﻃ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬وا �� ْﻃ َﺮ ُ‬
‫ﳾ‪:‬‬ ‫ﷲ ُ�ﻦ َﺳ ْﱪ َة اﳊ ََﺮ �‬ ‫�اﻟﺮو ِم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳌُﻘ �ﺪ ُم ﰲ اﳊ َْﺮ ِب؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ُﻣنْ َﺘ َﻔﻌﺎ‬‫ﺑﻮن �اﻟﺮو ِم ﻗَ �ﻄ َﻌﻬﺎ * ﻓﺎ �ٕن ﻓﳱﺎ َﲝ ْﻤ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ْٕن �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ٔأ ْﻃ َﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ٔ ) :‬أ ْر َﻃﺒﻮن(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِء ﻓ ُي ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﺗُﻘ �ﺪ ُم �اﻟﺮا ُء �ﲆ �‬ ‫ْ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪.(tribunus) :‬‬

‫‪۱٤٤‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ا ��ﻟُ �ﻮة‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ﷺ ﰲ ِﺻﻔ ِﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﳉَﻨ� ِﺔ‪) :‬و َﻣ�ﺎ ِﻣ ُﺮﱒ ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﻟُ �ﻮ ِة(‪.‬‬
‫ﻐﺘﺎن‪ :‬ا ��ﻟُ �ﻮةُ‪ ،‬وا ��ﻟُ �ﻮة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ��ﻟُ �ﻮةُ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌﻮ ُد �ا�ي ﯾُتَبﺨ ُ�ﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﻟُ ِ‬
‫ﲳ ّﻌﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺮي ﻋﻦ ا ٔ� ْ َ‬ ‫َﺮي وا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ وﻛﲈ ﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫َﺮي ٔأ �ن ا ��ﻟُ �ﻮ َة ﻫﻮ اﻟ ُﻌﻮ ُد‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫ﺪي‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻫ ْﻨ ّ‬
‫ﻈﻮر ﻋﻦ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ ِ ّ‬ ‫وﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُﱪ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﯾﻮ� ّﱐ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن‬ ‫ﳼ‪ :‬اﻟْ َﻮا‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬ ‫ﺪي‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻬ ْﻨ �‬
‫اﻟﴩ ِق‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ َﱪ ٔآ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ ﺑِﻼ ِد � ْ‬ ‫اﱊ؛ ٔ� �ن �‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮ� �ﱐ َﻣآٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓر ّ‬
‫‪ ،aloes‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،aloès :‬وﰲ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.aloe :‬‬
‫‪ -‬آٓﻧْﺪَ ْر آ ٓ َ ْﱘ‪:‬‬
‫ُﺴﲅ �ﲆ ٔآﻫ ِْﻞ ِّا� �ﻣ ِﺔ؟ ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﻗﻞ‪ :‬آٓﻧْﺪَ ْر آ ٓ َ ْﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﺳ�ﺌﻞ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ �اﻟﺮ ْﲪ ِﻦ ِ�ﻦ �َﺰﯾﺪَ �ﯿﻒ � � ُ‬
‫وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ٔ :‬أ �أ ْد ُ� ُﻞ؟‪.‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﻧْﺪَ ْر َو ْر ِدﯾ � ٌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﲇ ) ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ٔأ ْﻗ َب َﻞ و�ﻠﯿﻪ ٔأﻧْﺪَ ْر َو ْر ِدﯾ�ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٍ ّ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﴪاو ِﯾﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )اﻧﺪر( ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳼ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫‪ -‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫دا ِ� َﻞ‪ ،‬و)ور( ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬ذي‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﺬﻩ الﻠ � ْﻔﻈ ُﺔ ﺗُﺬ ِﻛّ ُﺮ� �لﻠ � ْﻔﻈ ِﺔ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،underwear :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌَﻼ� ِِﺲ ا�� ا ِ�ﻠ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪) -‬آٓﻧ ُﻚ(‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ا�ٓﻧ َُﻚ ﰲ �آ ُذﻧ َﯿﻪ(‪.‬‬‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﻦ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ َﻤ َﻊ إﱃ ﻗَيﻨَ ٍﺔ َﺻ �ﺐ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺻﺎص ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ ٔأو ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮ ُد ٔأو اﳋﺎ ِﻟ ُﺺ ِﻣنﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وا�ٓﻧ ُُﻚ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ا �� ْ ُ‬
‫ﴎ �ب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ُ‬

‫‪۱٤٥‬‬
 ‫ﳼ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫َﺮي‪) :‬أ ْٔﺣ َﺴ� ُﺒﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫ﻮن‪:‬‬ ‫�ﴘ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ٔ :‬أر�ﺴ� �ﯿ َ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أر �‬
‫�ﻠﯿﻚ ا ْ ُٕﰒ ا ٔ�ر� ِﺴ� ّﯿ َِﲔ ‪.(...‬‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ ِرﺳﺎ ِ� اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ إﱃ ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ َﻞ‪ ...) :‬ﻓ ٕﺎﻧ �ﲈ َ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻻ � ُ َﺴ ِّﻮ اﻻ ّ ِٕر َ�ﺲ �ﳌ ُ �ﺆر ِس‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬ ‫وا ْﺧتﻠَ َﻔ ْﺖ ﻓيﻪ ا ٔ� ْﻗﻮ ُال؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ُ ُ :‬ﱒ اﳌُﻠﻮكُ ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫رون �ﲆ ِﻫﺪاﯾ ِﺔ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻣﻬﻢ ُ �ﰒ ﱂ ﯾ َ ْﻔ َﻌﻠﻮا و ٔأﻧﺖ ا ّ ِٕر ُ�ﺴﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ :‬أي‪� :‬ا��ﻦ ُ ْﱒ ﻗﺎ ِد َ‬ ‫اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ّ ِا� ِ�ﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬ﱒ َﻣنْﺴﻮ َ‬
‫ﺑﻮن‬ ‫�ﻠﯿﻚ ٕاﺛْ ُﻤﻬﻢ َﻟﺼ ِّﺪك ﳍﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻓيﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٔ :‬أﻧ �ﻪ َ‬ ‫ٔأو ُ ُﱒ اﳋَﺪَ ُم ُ‬
‫ﷲ ِ�ﻦ ٕا ْدر َ�ﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫إﱃ ِﻓ ْﺮﻗ ٍﺔ �ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ا ٔ�روﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺗْﺒﺎعِ ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ َﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬ﱒ ٔأﺗْﺒﺎ ُع ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻗَتَﻠﻮا ﻧ َبي�ﺎ ﺑ َ َﻌﺜَﻪ ﷲ‪.‬‬
‫َﻔﺎ�‪) :‬و ٔأ ُﻇﳯ� ﺎ ِ� ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ًﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻬﺎب اﳋ �‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ِ ّ‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْﺳ ُﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ �َﺰﯾﺪَ �ﻦ ٔآﰊ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿ ٍﺪ ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬ﻛ ْﻨ ُﺖ آٓﰐ ﻣ َﻊ َﺳﻠَﻤ َﺔ ِ�ﻦ �ا� ْﻛ َﻮعِ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُي َﺼ ِ ّﲇ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼ َة ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺮى �‬ ‫ﺴﲅ‪ٔ ،‬أراكَ ﺗَ َﺘ �‬ ‫ا �� ْﺳ ُﻄﻮاﻧ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳌ ُ ْﺼ َﺤ ِﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠْ ُﺖ‪ٔ � :‬أ� ُﻣ ِ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼ َة ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻫﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﺮى �‬‫ا �� ْﺳ ُﻄﻮاﻧ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ِ ّٕﱐ ر ٔأﯾْ ُﺖ اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� )اﺳ�ﺘﻮن(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِﺎرﯾﺔ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬وﱔ �‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْﺳ ُﻘﻒ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﻇﻮر ‪-‬‬‫وﰷن ا ُ�ﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫ﻈﲓ �اﻟﺮو ِم‪َ ...) :‬‬ ‫يﺎن َو� ِﻣﻪ ﻣ َﻊ ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ َﻞ َﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأﰊ ُﺳ ْﻔ َ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ إﯾﻠﯿﺎ َء و ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ َﻞ‪ُ -‬ﺳ ُﻘﻔ�ﺎ �ﲆ ﻧ َﺼﺎرى �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪.(...‬‬
‫ﺋيﺲ ِﻣﻦ ُرؤﺳﺎ ِء اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى ﰲ ّ ِا� ِ�ﻦ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ ٔأﺳﺎ ِﻗ ُﻒ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺳﺎ ِﻗﻔ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �� ْﺳ ُﻘ ُﻒ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َر ٌ‬
‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫و)ﺳ ُﻘ �ﻒ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻔيﻒ ) �أ ْﺳ ُﻘ ٌﻒ(‪ ،‬و�ﻟت � ْﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ ) �أ ْﺳ ُﻘ �ﻒ(‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل �ﻟﺘ� ْﺨ ِ‬‫وﯾُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻘ ِﻒ وﻫﻮ ﻃﻮ ٌل ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ �َﺮاﻩ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ�ﺎ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫وﲢﺖ اﳌ َ ْﻄﺮ ِان‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ِ ّﺴ ِيﺲ َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ُ ِّﲰ َﻲ ﺑﻪ ﳋُﻀﻮ ِ�ﻪ و ْ ِاﳓﻨﺎﺋِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ ِاﳓﻨﺎ ٍء‪ ،‬ﻓ ُيﺤ َﺘ َﻤ ُﻞ ٔأن َ‬
‫‪۱٤٦‬‬
‫ﴘ‬ ‫ﴎ� �ﱐ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ ا ٔ� ِﺛﲑ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَ ْي �‬ ‫ﰟُْ‬ ‫ﺮب ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ا ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ �ﺎ َء ﰲ ِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ ‪ ،episcopos‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ اﳌُﻼ ِﺣﻆُ واﳌُﺪ ِ�ّ ُﺮ‪ ،‬وﰲ ُﻋ ْﺮ ِف‬
‫اﻟ َﻜنيﺴ ِﺔ‪� :‬ا�ي � َﻛﲈ ُل اﻟ َﻜﻬَﻨﻮت‪ .‬وﻫﻮ � ْ‬
‫�ﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )‪.(٢...‬‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْﺳ ُﻜﻔ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب دا ِ� ً�‬‫ﺣﱴ اذا َوﺿَ َﻊ ِر ْ� َ� ﰲ �أ ْﺳ ُﻜﻔ� ِﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأ� َ ِﺲ ِ�ﻦ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﺎ�‪ ...) :‬ﻓَ َﺮ َﺟ َﻊ �‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫�‬
‫و ٔأﺧْﺮى �ﺎ ِر� ًﺔ‪.(...‬‬
‫‪ -‬وا �� ْﺳ ُﻜﻔ� ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻋ َﺘﺒ ُﺔ اﻟﺒﺎب‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(esccoufto) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻌ َﺘﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ٔ :‬أﺳﺎ ِور ٌة و ٔأﺳﺎ ِور‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻻ ْٕﺳﻮ ُار‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﲈن‪) :‬ﻛ ْﻨ ُﺖ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺑْﻨﺎ ِء ٔأﺳﺎ ِور ِة ﻓﺎ ِر َس‪.(...‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ َﺳﻠْ َ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺳﺎن اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس اﳌُﻘﺎ ِﺗ ُﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮاﱊ‬‫‪ -‬واﻻ ْٕﺳﻮ ُار وا �� ْﺳﻮ ُار ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺎ ِر ُس ِﻣﻦ ﻓُ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫�ﻟﺴﻬﺎ ِم اﻟﺜ �ﺎﺑ ُِﺖ �ﲆ َﻇﻬْ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮس‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉَ ّﯿِﺪُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﳼ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أﺳﻮار(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا �� ْﳒﻮج‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎء اﳊﺪﯾﺚ ﰲ وﺻﻒ ٔأﻫﻞ اﳉﻨ�ﺔ‪ٔ ...) :‬أ ْﻣﺸَ ُﺎﻃﻬُ ُﻢ ا ��ﻫ َُﺐ‪َ ،‬ور ْ ُ‬
‫ﴮﻬُ ُﻢ ا ِﳌ ْﺴ ُﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ا� ُﻢ اﳊ ُُﻮر اﻟ ِﻌﲔ(‪.‬‬‫ﯿﺐ و �أ ْز َو ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻮج‪ُ ،‬ﻋﻮ ُد ِّ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬ ‫و َﻣ َ�ﺎ ِﻣ ُﺮ ُ ُﱒ ا ٔ�ﻟُ �ﻮ ُة ا ٔ� ْ ُﳒ ُ‬
‫ﻬﻮر ﻓيﻪ �أﻟَ ْﻨ ُ‬
‫ﺠﻮج وﯾَﻠَ ْﻨﺠﻮج‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وﻫﻮ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻌﻮ ِد �ا�ي ﯾُت َ َبﺨ ُ�ﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ْﺸ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺳﻘط ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٤۷‬‬
 ‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ٔ :‬أو ٍاق‪:‬‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ ْو ِﻗي� ٌﺔ َ ْ‬
‫دون َ ْﲬ ِﺲ ٔأو ٍاق ِﻣ َﻦ َاﻟﻮ ِر ِق َﺻﺪَ ﻗَﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻟيﺲ ﻓ� َ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ :‬‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬وا ٔ� ْو ِﻗي� ُﺔ ِﻣ ْﻜيﺎ ٌل �َ ِﺰ ُن ٔأ ْرﺑ َ َ‬
‫ﻌﲔ ِد ْر َ ًﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� )‪.(Uncia‬‬

‫‪۱٤۸‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎء‬

‫‪� -‬ﺑﻮس‪:‬‬
‫�ﺑﻮس‪َ ،‬ﻣﻦ ٔأﺑﻮك؟ ﻗﺎ َل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأﰊ ﻫ َُﺮْ�ﺮ َة ﰲ ِﻗ �ﺼ ِﺔ ُﺟ َﺮ ٍﱕ اﻟﻌﺎ ِﺑ ِﺪ‪ ...) :‬ﻗﺎ َل‪ُ � :‬‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫راﻋﻲ اﻟﻐ ََﲌ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس اﳌُﺤﯿﻂِ‪َ :-‬و َ ُ� اﻟﻨ�ﺎﻗ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺼ �ﱯ �اﻟﺮﺿﯿ ُﻊ‪ٔ ،‬أو َاﻟﻮ َ ُ�‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺑﻮس ‪-‬ﻛﲈ �ﺎ َء ﰲ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬و ُ‬
‫�ﺎ �ﻣ ًﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس اﳌُﺤﯿﻂِ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي�ﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ؛ ﲾﺎ َء ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )‪ ،(Bobouco‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ِﻃ ْﻔ ٌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْر َﺟ ُﺢ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺻﻐﲑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑأٔج‪:‬‬
‫�ُ ْﺮوى ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪ْ �ٔ ) :‬ﺟ َﻌﻠَ �ﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺎس ﺑأٔ ً�ﺎ وا ِ�ﺪً ا(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ِﻮﯾ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﲎ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِل ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪ٔ :‬أي‪ْ �ٔ :‬ﺟ َﻌﻠَ �ﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺎس ﺷيئًﺎ‬‫اﻟﺒﺎج‪� :‬‬‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒأٔ ُج و ُ‬
‫وا ِ�ﺪً ا ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﻄﺎ ِء‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪� :‬أﺑْ ُﺆ ٌج‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ٔ :‬أﻟْﻮ ُان ا ٔ� ْﻃ ِﻌﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ � -‬ذق‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأﰊ اﳉ َُﻮ ْ�ﺮﯾ � ِﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬ﺳأٔﻟْ ُﺖ ا َ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺎ َذ ِق؟ ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪َ :‬ﺳ� َﺒ َﻖ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤ ٌﺪ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ّﯿ ُِﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬ﻟيﺲ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ‬‫َﻼل �‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُاب اﳊ ُ‬ ‫ﷺ اﻟﺒﺎ َذ َق‪ ،‬ﳁﺎ ٔأ ْﺳ َﻜ َﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ َﺣﺮا ٌم‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ّﯿ ِِﺐ ا �ٕﻻ اﳊَﺮا ُم اﳋَﺒيﺚ(‪.‬‬
‫َﻼل �‬
‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬واﻟﺒﺎ َذ ُق ﻫﻮ اﳋَ ْﻤﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٤۹‬‬
 ‫ﳼ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪� :‬ذﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ِ � -‬ﺳ�ﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪) :‬نَ َﺰ َل آ ٓ َد ُم ِﻣﻦ اﳉَﻨ� ِﺔ وﻣ َﻌﻪ اﳊَ َﺠ ُﺮ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮ ُد‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ِ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس َر َ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫وﳔ ِ� اﻟ َﻌ ْﺠﻮ ِة(‪.‬‬
‫اﻗيﺖ اﳉﻨ� ِﺔ‪ ،‬نَ َﺰ َل �ﻟﺒﺎ ِﺳ�ﻨ ِﺔ َ ْ‬
‫وﻫﻮ �ﻗﻮﺗ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﯾَﻮ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣتأٔﺑ ّ َِﻄﻪ‪َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨ�ﺎع‪.‬‬
‫ﻻت �‬‫‪ -‬واﻟﺒﺎ ِﺳ�ﻨ ُﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ آ آ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ٔ :‬أ�ﺴﺎن‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬ﺳﻮر‪:‬‬
‫)وﰷن َﻣ ْب ً‬
‫ﺴﻮرا(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ِ ْﲻﺮ َان ِ�ﻦ ُﺣ َﺼ ٍﲔ ﰲ َﺻﻼ ِة اﻟﻘﺎ ِ� ِﺪ‪َ :‬‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫و�ﺎء ﰲ‬ ‫ﺮوف‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ اﻟ َﺒﻮاﺳﲑ(‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺳﻮر‪) :‬دا ٌء َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫‪ -‬و ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼ�ﺎحِ‪) :‬وﱔ ِ� � ٌ� َﲢﺪُ ُث ﰲ ا ِﳌ ْﻘ َﻌﺪ ِة وﰲ دا ِ� ِﻞ ا ٔ�ﻧ ِْﻒ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫‪� -‬ﻋﻮث‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم َﻛ َﺘﺒﻮا � ٔأ �ﻻ ُﳓ ِﺪ َث َﻛﻨيﺴ ًﺔ وﻻ ﻗَ ِﻠ �ﯿ ًﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُ َﲻ َﺮ )ﳌ�ﺎ ﺻﺎﻟَ َﺢ ﻧ َﺼﺎرى �‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻧﲔ وﻻ ً‬
‫�ﻋﻮ�(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ ُﳔ ِﺮ َج َﺳﻌﺎ َ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﻋﻮث ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى ﰷﻻ ْﺳ ِت ْﺴﻘﺎ ِء ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬و ُ‬
‫ﴬع‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ ،(boutho) :‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ � ْ�ﳤِ ﺎ َل واﻟﺘ� َ �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ْ ُ -‬ﲞ ُﺘﺞ‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻻ ﺑَأٔ َس ﺑﻨَبي ِﺬ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﺨ ُﺘ ِﺞ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺼﲑ اﳌ َ ْﻄﺒﻮخ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﳼ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ِ ) :‬ﻣي ُﺒ ْﺨ َﺘﻪ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪) :‬ﭘُ ْﺨ َﺘﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬

‫‪۱٥۰‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ُ -‬ﲞ ِﺘ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﴎ َق ُ ْﲞ ِﺘ �ﯿ ًﺔ‪.(...‬‬ ‫ُﴪ ِ�ﻦ ٔأ ْرﻃأٔةَ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧ �ﻪ �أ َﰐ ِ‬
‫�ﺴﺎر ٍق َ َ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ � ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮ ُال‬ ‫ﲈل ِّ‬ ‫ْﺖ‪ ،‬وﱔ ا ِﳉ ُ‬ ‫ﲈل اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ا ِﳉﲈ َل اﻟ ُﺒﺨ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬واﻟ ُﺒ ْﺨ ِﺘ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬ا ٔ�ﻧْﱺ ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳉ ِ‬
‫ْﻨﺎق‪ ،‬واﳌُﺬﻛ� ُﺮ‪ْ ُ :‬ﲞ �ﱵ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ْ ُ :‬ﲞ ٌﺖ‪َ ،‬وﲞ �‬
‫ﺎﰐ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ دَﺧي ٌﻞ‪ ،‬وا ُ�ﻦ ا ٔ� ِﺛﲑ ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫وا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ �َﺮى الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ َﲱﯿ ً�ﺎ‪ ،‬وﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ﰲ‬ ‫)والﻠ � ْﻔﻈ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ(‪ ،‬و�ﲆ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ دَﺧي ٌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺎن‪ ،‬وا ُﲰﻬﺎ �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻌﻠﯿ ِﻘﻪ �ﲆ )اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب( ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ )ﺑَﻠْﺦ( إ�ﺪى ُﻣﺪُ ِن ُﺧﺮ َ‬
‫ﲈل َﻣ ْﺸﻬﻮر ٌة � ٕﻻﺑ ِِﻞ اﳋُﺮاﺳﺎﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ )��ﱰي(‪ ،‬وﺗ� ا ِﳉ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ َﺬج‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﯾُ ْﺆﰏ � ِ�ﻦ آ ٓ َد َم ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم اﻟ ِﻘيﺎﻣ ِﺔ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﺑ َ َﺬ ٌج ِﻣﻦ �ا� ّل(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ :‬ﺑ ِْﺬ�ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻌﯿﻒ ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳊ ْﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻼن‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬واﻟ َﺒ َﺬ ُج‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳊَ َﻤ ُﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﻀ� ُ‬
‫ﳼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر ّ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮﺑَﻂ‪:‬‬
‫�ﲇ ِ�ﻦ اﳊُ َﺴﲔِ ‪) :‬ﻻ ﻗُ ِّﺪ َﺳ ْﺖ ٔأ �ﻣ ٌﺔ ﻓﳱﺎ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪﺑَﻂ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﱪﺑَﻂُ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌﻮ ُد )آ آ ٌ� ﻣﻮﺳ�ﯿﻘي� ٌﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫و َْ‬
‫ﳼ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮﺑَﺖ‪.‬‬‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮ�يﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﲈ ) ٔأ �ن اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ ُﺳ� ِﺌ َﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻜﻮا ِﻛ ِﺐ اﳋُن � ِﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ِ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس َر َ‬
‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫�يﺲ ُوز َ� ُﻞ و ُﻋ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎر ُد وﲠَ ْﺮا ُم و �اﻟﺰﻫَﺮة(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ :‬ﱔ ِ ْ‬

‫‪۱٥۱‬‬
 ‫�يﺲ‪َ :‬ﻛﻮ َﻛ ُﺐ اﳌ ُ ْﺸﱰي‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬و ِْ‬
‫ﳼ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪� :‬ﺮﮔيﺲ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ْﻤﺘ ِﻠ ُﺊ ﺷ ْﻌ ًﺮا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮ َزق‪:‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن اﻟﻨ� ُﺎس �َﺮاز َﯾﻖ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ� ُﺔ �‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻻ ﺗَﻘﻮ ُم �‬‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﲈ�ﺎت ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس ٔأو‬
‫زﯾﻖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺎ ِر ُس‪ ،‬و َاﻟﱪاز ُﯾﻖ‪ :‬اﳉ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬و َاﻟﱪاز ُﯾﻖ‪ْ َ :‬ﲨ ُﻊ ِ� ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺳﺎن ٔأو اﳋَ ْﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر ّ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪َ َ� -‬ﺮق‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا�� �� ِﺎل‪) :‬ا �ٕن ﺻﺎ ِﺣ َﺐ راﯾ ِﺘﻪ ﰲ َ ْﲺ ِﺐ َذﻧَﺒِﻪ ِﻣث ُﻞ �أﻟْﯿ ِﺔ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﱪ ِق‪.(...‬‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ٔ :‬أ ْ�ﺮ ٌاق‪ ،‬و�ُ ْﺮ ٌ‬
‫ﻗﺎن‪ ،‬و ِ� ْﺮﻗﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫‪ََ -‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُق‪ :‬اﳊَ َﻤ ُﻞ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﳼ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ َ� :‬ﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺮ�ُﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﯿﺺ‪ ،‬وﻻ اﻟ ِﻌﲈﻣ َﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ِ�ﻦ ُ َﲻ َﺮ ﻓ� ﯾَﻠبَ ُﺲ اﳌ ُ ْﺤ ِﺮ ُم‪) :‬ﻻ ﺗَﻠْبَﺴﻮا اﻟ َﻘ َ‬‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﱪ� ُ َﺲ‪.(...‬‬
‫اﻟﴪاوﯾ َﻞ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ْ‬
‫�‬
‫َﺮي‪) :‬ﻗَﻠَن ْ ُﺴﻮ ٌة َﻃﻮﯾ ٌ�‪َ ،‬‬
‫وﰷن اﻟن � �ﺴﺎكُ ﯾَﻠبَﺴﻮﳖَ ﺎ ﰲ َﺻ ْﺪ ِر‬ ‫اﻟﱪ� ُ ُﺲ ‪-‬ﻛﲈ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ ِ ّ‬
‫‪ -‬و ُْ‬
‫اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼم(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪.(birs-oà) :‬‬

‫‪۱٥۲‬‬
 ‫‪َ� -‬ﺮﯾﺪ‪:‬‬
‫�يﺲ �ﻟ َﻌﻬْﺪ وﻻ ٔأ ْ� ِب ُﺲ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪد(‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﷺ‪) :‬ا ِ ّٕﱐ ﻻ �أ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻗﺎ َل َر ُ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬و َاﻟﱪﯾﺪُ ‪� :‬اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ� :‬ﺮﯾﺪَ ْﻩ َد ْم‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْ�ﺬوﻓ ُﺔ ا ��ﻧ َِﺐ؛ ٔ� �ن اﻟﺒِﻐﺎ َل اﻟ�ﱵ ﰷﻧ َﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ك َﻌﻼﻣ ٍﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﲝﯿﺚ ُ‬ ‫�ب ُ‬ ‫َﲢ ِﻤ ُﻞ َاﻟﱪﯾﺪَ ﰷﻧ َﺖ َﻣ ْ�ﺬوﻓ َﺔ ا ٔ� ْذ ِ‬
‫ﴎ� �ﱐ )‪ ،(baridho‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ا �ٕن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ُ ْ‬
‫وﯾُ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ ِْﻄ ِﺮﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ َﻞ‪) :‬ﻓﺪَ َ�ﻠْﻨﺎ �ﻠﯿﻪ وﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻩ ﺑ َ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎرﻗ ُتﻪ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮو ِم(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﻣﻮرﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺋِﺪُ اﻟ َﻌﻈ ُﲓ ِﻣﻦ ﻗﺎد ِة �اﻟﺮوم‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬وﻫﻮ اﳊﺎ ِذ ُق �ﳊ َْﺮ ِب و ٔأ ِ‬
‫)ﻻﺗيﲏ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪.patriec :‬‬
‫روﱊ �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب �‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﲔ ﺑ َ ْﻨﺪً ا(‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﲑ ﺑﺜَﲈ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ� ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أن ﺗَﻐ َْﺰو �اﻟﺮو ُم ﻓت َ َ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأ ْﴍ ِاط �‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﻻف‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﺑُﻨﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﴩ ُة آ آ ٍ‬ ‫‪ -‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﻨﺪُ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ َ ُﲅ اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ‪ ،‬واﳊﯿ ُ�‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ اﳉَيْ ِﺶ َ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ�ُ‪ :‬ﭘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻈﻮر‪ ،‬واﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫َﺮي‪ ،‬وا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬ ‫ﳼ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )ﺑ َ ْﻨﺪا(‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ور ٔأى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﲠَ ْ َﺮج‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧ �ﻪ ﲠَ ْ َﺮ َج َد َم ا ِ�ﻦ اﳊﺎ ِر ِث(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬وا�ﳢَ ْ َﺮ ُج‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺎ ِﻃ ُﻞ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮديء‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٥۳‬‬
‫ﺪي )نﳢ�(‪ ،‬و َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ِﻫ ْﻨ �‬
‫ﳼ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬نَﳢَ ْ َﺮ ْﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﲠَ ْﺮام‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﲈ ) ٔأ �ن اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ ُﺳ� ِﺌ َﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻜﻮا ِﻛ ِﺐ اﳋُن � ِﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ِ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس َر َ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫�يﺲ ُوز َ� ُﻞ و ُﻋ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎر ُد وﲠَ ْﺮا ُم و �اﻟﺰﻫَﺮة(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ :‬ﱔ ِ ْ‬
‫‪ -‬وﲠَ ْﺮا ُم ﻫﻮ ا ِﳌ ّ ِﺮﱗ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر ّ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒ �‬
‫ﻮري‪:‬‬
‫ﻮري‪.(...‬‬‫ﺴ� ِﺪ ِد َﻣ ْﺸ َﻖ ﺑ َ َﺼ َﻖ �ﲆ اﻟ ُﺒ ِ ّ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ر ٔأﯾْ ُﺖ وا ِﺛ َ� َ�ﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻘﻊ ِ ﰲ َﻣ ِ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻮري‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﺒﻮرﯾ � ُﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬اﻟ ُﺒ �‬‫ﺴﻮج ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘ َﺼ ِﺐ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫َﺼﲑ اﳌَنْ ُ‬ ‫ﻮري‪ :‬اﳊ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬واﻟ ُﺒ �‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎر� ُت‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﺎرﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎري‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫واﻟ ُﺒﻮر� ُء‪ ،‬و �‬
‫ﳼ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﺑﻮر�(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﯿ َﺬق‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬و َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ٔأ� ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿﺪ َة �ﲆ اﻟ َﺒﯿﺎ ِذﻗﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﯿ َﺬ ُق‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳌﺎﳾ ر ِا� ًﻼ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜ ِﺮ ﰲ اﳊ َْﺮ ِب‪ ،‬و َﻋ ْﻜ ُﺴﻪ‪ :‬اﳋَ �ﯿﺎ ُ�‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟ َﺒﯿﺎ ِذﻗ ُﺔ‪� ُ ،‬ﲰﻮا ﻛﺬ� ِﳋﻔ� ِﺔ َﺣ َﺮﻛﳤِ ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� )ﭘَﯿﺎدَﻩ(‪.‬‬‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬

‫‪۱٥٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘّﺎء‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗُ �ﺒﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﺜﻮن‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ْ َ � :‬ﺸ� َﺘﲄ َﻣثﺎﻧ َﺘﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﲆ ﰲ ﺗُﺒ� ٍﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ :‬ا ِ ّٕﱐ َﻣ ْﻤ ٌ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﲻ ٍﺎر‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧ �ﻪ �‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن لﻠ َﻤ �ﻼ�ﲔ‪.‬‬‫َﺴﱰ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻮر َة اﳌُﻐﻠ�ﻈ َﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘ� �ﺒ ُﺎن‪َ :‬ﴎاوﯾ ُﻞ َﺻﻐﲑٌ ِﻣ ْﻘ ُ‬
‫ﺪار ِﺷ ْ ٍﱪ � ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ� :‬ﻦ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،(toubono) :‬أي‪َ :‬ﴎاوﯾ ُﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ �ﺎ ِر ُس ا ِﳉ ْﺴ ِﻢ‪ٔ ،‬أو � ٔ�ﺣﺮى ﺳﺎ ِ� ُﺮ َﻋ ْﻮر ِة‬ ‫ِﺟ ْﺴ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬و"�ن"‪� :‬ﺎ ِر ٌس و�ﺎ ٍم‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ا ِﳉ ْﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺮ� ٌﺔ َ ْ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪َ ُ� :‬ﺮع‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ا �ٕن ِﻣ َنﱪي �ﲆ �ُ ْﺮ� ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ �ُ َﺮعِ اﳉﻨ�ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫�ﻟﺒﺎب وا�� َر� ِﺔ‬‫ﴪ ْت ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� ُﺔ ﱔ �اﻟﺮوﺿ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ﲆ ُﻣ ْﺮﺗَ َﻔﻊ ٍ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪ ،‬وﻓُ ِ ّ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬و �ْ‬
‫و َﻣ ْﻔتَ ِﺢ اﳌﺎء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )�َ ْﺮ�ﺎ‪ ،(tour`etho /‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺒﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮ�ق‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ِ�ﻦ ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪) :‬ﻣﺎ �أ�ﱄ ﻣﺎ ٔأﺗيْ ُﺖ إن َ ِ‬
‫ﴍﺑْ ُﺖ ِ� ْﺮ�ﻗًﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ّ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ِ ّ :‬ا� ْر�ق‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺷ ِﺊ ﻋﻦ �‬ ‫اﻟﴬ ِر ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ُ�ق ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ �َ ﻓْﻊ ِ � َ‬
‫‪ -‬و ِّ ْ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )�ﺮ�ء‪.(theeriaka /‬‬
‫‪َ� -‬ﺴﺎ�ﲔ‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أ َﻣ َﺮﱒ ٔأن ﯾ َ ْﻤ َﺴﺤﻮا �ﲆ اﳌَﺸﺎ ِو ِذ واﻟت�ﺴﺎ ِ�ﲔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬

‫‪۱٥٥‬‬
 ‫ﺴﺎ�ﲔ ﱔ ا ِﳋﻔﺎف‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬واﻟت � ُ‬
‫ﰟ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء ٔأ ْﻏﻄﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِت ّ ْﺴ ُ‬
‫�ﺎن ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ْ َ � :‬ﺸ َﻜﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫�اﻟﺮ ٔأس‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٥٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﻴﻢ‬

‫‪ِ -‬ﺟﺰاف‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ إذا اﺑْﺘﺎﻋﻮا �‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ َم ِﺟﺰاﻓًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻗﺪ ر ٔأﯾْ ُﺖ اﻟﻨ� َﺎس ﰲ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ َر ِ‬
‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﯾُ ْﺆووﻩ إﱃ ِر�ﺎ ِﻟﻬﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮن ﰲ ٔأن ﯾَبيﻌﻮﻩ ﰲ َﻣﲀﳖِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وذ� �‬ ‫ﴬ َ‬ ‫ﯾُ َ‬
‫ﺴﺎب‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ �ﳊ َْﺪ ِس‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم ﺑﻼ ِﺣ ٍ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉﺰ ُاف‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْﺠ ُ‬
‫ﻬﻮل َاﻟﻮ ْز ِن‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﺑْ ِتيﺎ ُع �‬
‫واﻟﺘ�ﺨْﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ِ :‬ﮔﺰاف‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺼﺺ ) َﺟ �ﺺ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ ٔأن ُﳚ �ﺼ َﺺ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬ﳖَ يﻰ َر ُ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ �ﺎ ِ� ٍﺮ َر َ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟ َﻘ ْ ُﱪ و ٔأن ﯾُﻘ َﻌﺪَ �ﻠﯿﻪ و ٔأن ﯾُ ْبﲎ �ﻠﯿﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫لﻠﻄﻼ ِء‪ ،‬وﻟُﻐ ُﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ا ِﳊ ِ‬
‫�ﺎز ﻓيﻪ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘ ّﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وا ِﳉ �ﺺ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ِّ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬ﮔﭻ‪.‬‬
‫‪� �ُ -‬ﻼب‪:‬‬
‫ﰷن إذا ا ْ�تَﺴ َﻞ ِﻣﻦ اﳉَﻨﺎﺑ ِﺔ دَ�ﺎ �ﴚ ٍء‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﺎ ) ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﷺ َ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ�ِﺸ َﺔ َر َ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ِﻣ ِثﻞ اﳉ �ُﻼ ِب ﻓأٔ� ََﺬ � َﻜ ِّﻔﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬واﳉ �ُﻼ ُب ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ُء َاﻟﻮ ْرد‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔآ ْﺻ ُ� ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ﮔﻞ‪ٔ ،‬آي‪ :‬ور ٍد‪ ،‬وآٓب‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﳌﺎء‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪�ُ -‬ﻠُ �ﺒﺎن‪:‬‬
‫وﰲ ﻗﻮل اﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﻬﺎء‪) :‬ﺗُﺆ� َُﺬ �اﻟﺰﰷ ُة ِﻣﻦ اﳉُﻠُ �ﺒﺎن(‪.‬‬
‫‪۱٥۷‬‬
 ‫اﳌﺎش‪َ ُ ،‬‬
‫وﳜﻔ�ﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬واﳉُﻠُ �ﺒ ُﺎن‪َ :‬ﺣ �ﺐ ٔأ ْ� َ ُﱪ �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪�ُ ) :‬ﻠْﺒﺎن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟﲈن‪:‬‬
‫ﺰول اﳌَﺴ�ﯿ ِﺢ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ِﺻﻔ ِﺔ نُ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ِﰲ ِﺻﻔ ِتﻪ ﷺ‪) :‬ﯾ َ َﺘ�ﺪ ُ�ر ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُق ِﻣث َﻞ اﳉُﲈن(‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ َ� ُ‬
‫ﲈن الﻠ � ْﺆﻟُﺆ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪) :‬إذا َرﻓَ َﻊ ر ٔأ َﺳﻪ َ َﲢﺪ َ�ر ِﻣنﻪ ُﺟ ُ‬ ‫�ﻠﯿﻪ �‬
‫‪ -‬واﳉ ُُﲈن‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﺣ �ﺐ ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔﻀ� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾُﺼﺎ ُغ ﰲ َﺷ ْ ِ‬
‫ﲁ الﻠ � ْﺆﻟُ ِﺆ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﻔﺮدُﻩ‪ُ :‬ﺟﲈﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ًذا ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪.gemma :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬ﭼﲈن‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪َ :‬ﺟنﺎﺑ ُِﺬ‪:‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟنْ ُﺒﺬ ٌة َ ْ‬
‫ﻠﺖ اﳉﻨ� َﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا ﻓﳱﺎ َﺟنﺎﺑ ُِﺬ الﻠ�ﺆﻟُﺆ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ﷺ ﰲ ِﺻﻔ ِﺔ اﳉَﻨ� ِﺔ‪� ) :‬ﰒ �أد ِ� ُ‬
‫‪ -‬واﳉَﻨﺎﺑ ُِﺬ‪ْ َ :‬ﲨ ُﻊ ُﺟنْ ُﺒﺬ ٍة‪ ،‬وﱔ اﻟ ُﻘب�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‪ُ ) :‬ﮔ ْﻨﺒﺪة(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﻮ َرب‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﺗَﻮﺿ� أ� اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ و َﻣ َﺴ َﺢ �ﲆ اﳉ َْﻮرﺑَﲔِ واﻟﻨ�ﻌﻠَﲔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬واﳉ َْﻮ َر ُب‪ِ :‬ﻟﻔﺎﻓ ُﺔ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ْ�ﻞ‪.‬‬
‫�ﲑ ُﻣﺸ� َﺒﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن َ �‬
‫ﲷ ُﺘﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬ﮔﻮرب‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﻮ ٌز‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬وﻣ َﻌﻪ ﰲ ُ ِﳈ ّﻪ َﺟ ْﻮز(‪.‬‬‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺆﰻ ﻟُ �ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﴪ وﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬وﻫﻮ ﺛَ َﻤ ٌﺮ �ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ُ :‬ﮔﻮز‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫‪۱٥۸‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ﺟﻮا ِﻟﻖٌ و ُﺟﻮاﻟَﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ ...) :‬ﲾﺎؤوا ﺑأٔ ْ ِﲪﺮ ٍة و َﺟﻮاﻟﯿﻖ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ ِ� ِﺮ ِ�ﻦ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ﺟﻮا ِﻟ ُﻖ‪ ،‬و َﺟﻮاﻟﯿﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮف ٔأو ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫‪ -‬و�ﺎ ٌء َﻛﺒﲑٌ ﯾُ َنﺴ ُﺞ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ُ :‬ﮔﻮا�‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﻮﻫَﺮ‪:‬‬
‫َﺐ َوو ِر ٌق و َﺟ ْﻮﻫَﺮ(‪.‬‬‫)ﻓﻄﺎر ْت ﱄ و ٔ� ْﲱﺎﰊ ِﻗﻼد ٌة ﻓﳱﺎ َذﻫ ٌ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴚ ِء‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﺆﻟُ ُﺆ و �‬
‫ﰻ َﺣ َﺠ ٍﺮ َﻛﺮﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﻮﻫ َُﺮ �‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ُ ) :‬ﮔﻮﻫﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬

‫‪۱٥۹‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳋﺎء‬

‫‪ِ -‬ﺧ ْ ِﺮ�ﺰ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﲔ �اﻟﺮ َﻃ ِﺐ وا ِﳋ ْ ِﺮ�ﺰ(‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ َﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأ� َ ٍﺲ‪) :‬ر ٔأﯾْ ُﺖ َرﺳﻮ َل ِ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﳼ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وا ِﳋ ْ ِﺮ� ُﺰ‪ :‬اﻟﺒ ِِّﻄﯿﺦُ ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎر ّ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺧ ُْﺮ ِدﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﰷن ﯾَبي ُﻊ اﳋ ُْﺮ ِدﯾﻖ(‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ ﻋ ْﺒﺪً ا َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﺎ ﻗﺎﻟَﺖ‪) :‬دَ�ﺎ َر ُ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ�ِﺸ َﺔ َر َ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫‪ -‬واﳋ ُْﺮ ِد ُﯾﻖ‪ :‬اﳌ َ َﺮق‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﺧﻮردﯾﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺧنْﺪَ ق‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﲈ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‪ٔ ) :‬أ �و ُل ﯾ َ ْﻮ ٍم َﺷﻬ ِْﺪﺗُﻪ ﯾ َ ْﻮ ُم اﳋَ ْﻨﺪَ ق(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ٔأ �ن ا َ�ﻦ ُ َﲻ َﺮ َر َ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ -‬واﳋَ ْﻨﺪَ ُق‪ :‬اﳊُ ْﻔﺮ ُة اﻟ�ﱵ ُﲢﯿﻂُ ﺑأٔ ْﺳﻮ ِار اﳌُﺪُ ن‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﻛﻨﺪﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﻝ‬

‫‪ -‬دَا ِذ ّي‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ ) :‬ﻣنَﻌﳤُ ﻢ ٔأ ْن ﯾَبيﻌﻮا ا�� ا ِذ ّي(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺒﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ذو ُﻋ ْﻨﻘﻮ ٍد ُﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘ ٍ‬
‫ﻄﯿﻞ‪ ،‬و َﺣب�ﻪ �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﴐ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫اذي‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ا ِذ �ي وا �� �‬
‫ﻌﲑ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﳌُﺴ ِﻜﺮ ِات‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﴍ ُاب اﻟ ُﻔ �ﺴ ِﺎق؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫َﺣ �ﺐ �‬
‫‪۱٦۰‬‬
 ‫ﺣﱴ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻨﺎ * ُﻣﻠﻮكٌ ﻟﻨﺎ �َ �ﺮ اﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗَﲔِ واﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺮ‬
‫ﴍﺑْﻨﺎ ِﻣﻦ ا�� ا ِذ ِ ّي �‬‫َِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬دادي(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬دا ِﻧﻖٌ ‪ ،‬وداﻧ َﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ا�� ا ِﻧ َﻖ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻦ َدﻧ َ�ﻖ ا�� ا ِﻧﻖ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻟَ َﻌ َﻦ ُ‬
‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴚ ِء اﻟﺘ�ﺎ ِﻓ ِﻪ اﳊَﻘﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﻨﺎر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻛﻨﺎﯾ ٌﺔ ﻋﻦ �‬ ‫‪ -‬وا�� ا ِﻧ ُﻖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُﺳﺪُ ُس ّ ِا� ْر َ ِﱒ و ّ ِا� ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬داﻧ َﻪ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺣب�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬د ْ�ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎﳾ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُ�‪) :‬ﻣﺎ �آ ِﺣ �ﺐ ٔآ �ن ﱄ َد ْ� ًﺮا َذ َﻫ ًﺒﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔآ ِ ّﱐ آٓذﯾْ ُﺖ َر ُ� ًﻼ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ ا ٔ��َ ِﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِّ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﳌ ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻤﲔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬وا�� ْ� ُﺮ‪ :‬اﳉَ َﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د َْرﻗَﻞ ٔأو د َْر َﰻ‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧ �ﻪ ﻗَ ِﺪ َم �ﻠﯿﻪ ِﻓ ْتﯿ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ ِﺔ ﯾُﺪَ ْرِﻗﻠﻮن(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﴪ ِ‬
‫ا�ﲀف وﻓَ ْت ِﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا�� ْرﻗَ ُ�‪:‬‬ ‫ﯿﺎن‪ ،‬و�ُ ْﺮوى � َﻜ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬وا�� ْر َﳇ ُﺔ وا�� ْرﻗَ ُ�‪ :‬ﻟُ ْﻌﺒ ٌﺔ ّ ِ‬
‫لﻠﺼ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮﻗُﺼﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ْﻗ ُﺺ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د ُْرﻧﻮك‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ�ِﺸ َﺔ‪)َ :‬ﺳ ْﱰ ُت �ﲆ �ﰊ د ُْر ً‬
‫ﻧﻮﰷ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫‪ -‬وا�� ْرﻧﻮكُ ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎب ٔأو اﻟبُ ُﺴﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱٦۱‬‬
 ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ :‬درﻧﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د َْﺳ َﻜﺮة‪:‬‬
‫يﺎن و ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ َﻞ‪ٕ ) :‬اﻧ �ﻪ ٔأ ِذ َن ﻟ ُﻌ َﻈﲈ ِء �اﻟﺮو ِم ﰲ د َْﺳ َﻜﺮ ٍة �(‪.‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأﰊ ُﺳ ْﻔ َ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﴫ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ا�� ﺳﺎ ِﻛ ُﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وا�� ْﺳ َﻜﺮةُ‪ :‬ﺑِﻨﺎ ٌء ﰷﻟ َﻘ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪" :‬د َْﺳ َﻜ َﺮﻩ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ُﺔ واﻟ َﺒ ْ�ةُ‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫و َِ‬
‫و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪.(dasqarto) :‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ :‬دُﻓﻮف‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬د �ُف َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُت وا�� ّف(‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ْﻘﺼﻮدُ‪ٔ :‬أن ﯾُﻌﻠَ َﻦ‬
‫َﻼل واﳊَﺮا ِم �‬‫ﺑﲔ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻓَ ْﺼ ُﻞ ﻣﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟ ِﻨّﲀح‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬وا�� �ف وا�� �ف‪ :‬آ آ ٌ� ﻣﻮﺳ�ﯿﻘي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� )د َْف(‪ ،‬و�َﺮى �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬دﻫْﻘﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻘﺎن ﲟﺎ ٍء ﰲ إ� ٍء ِﻣﻦ ِﻓﻀ� ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫�ﳌﺪا�ﻦ ﻓﺎﺳت َ ْﺴﻘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ�َ ﻩ ِد ٌ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُ� َﺬﯾْﻔ َﺔ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﰷن‬
‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺋيﺲ اﻟ َﻘﺮﯾ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬دَﻫﺎﻗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ْﻘﺎن‪َ :‬ر ُ‬‫‪ -‬و ّ ِا�ﻫ ُ‬
‫ﳼ‪َ ،‬ﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ )دﻫﮕ�ﺎن( ٔأو )دﻩ �ﺎن(‪ ،‬و)دﻩ( ﻫﻮ ا ٕﻻ ْﻗﻠ ُﲓ ٔأو اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮﯾ ُﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫ﺋيﺲ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮﯾﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫و)�ﺎن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ر ٌ‬
‫ﺋيﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ َر ُ‬
‫‪ -‬دﯾﺒﺎج‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻻ ﺗَﻠْبَﺴﻮا اﳊَﺮ َ�ﺮ وﻻ ّ ِا�ﯾﺒﺎج(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬

‫‪۱٦۲‬‬
‫َ�ﺑﯿﺞ‪ ،‬ودَ�ﺑﯿ ُﺞ؛ ٔ� �ن‬ ‫ﯿﺎب اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻ ْ� ِﺮ َ�ﺴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬د ُ‬
‫ﯾﺒﺎج‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬و ّ ِا� ُ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻞ ﻓيﻪ‪ِ :‬د ��ج‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺒﺎج‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ ُ� ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،depak :‬وﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪ :‬دﯾﺒﺎﻩ ٔأو دﯾﺒﺎ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ‬ ‫ّ ِا� ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ًﻻ آٓﺧ ََﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٔآ �ن ٔآ ْﺻ َ� )دﯾﺒﺎي( و �آﺑْ ِﺪﻟَ ِﺖ اﻟﯿﺎ ُء ا ٔ��ﲑ ُة ﺟﳰًﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫�اﻟﺰ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ :‬دﯾﺒﺎ‪ ،‬وزﯾﺪَ ِت اﳉ ُﲓ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬د ْ�ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎل‪ٔ ) :‬أﳞ� ﺎ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُم اﻧ َْﻄ ِﻠﻘﻮا إﱃ ﻫﺬا �اﻟﺮ ُ� ِﻞ ﰲ ا�� ْ�ﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ا�� ِ‬ ‫اري ِ‬ ‫َﻤﲓ ا�� ِ ّ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ﺗ ٍ‬
‫ﲀن لﻠ ِﻌﺒﺎد ِة ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ِ :‬د�ر ٍات‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْد ِ�ﺮ ٍة‪ ،‬و ِد�َﺮ ٍة‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وا�� ْ� ُﺮ‪َ :‬ﻣ ٌ‬
‫و ٔأدْ�ر‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪.(diaro) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬دﳝﺎس‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎل‪�ٔ ) :‬ﻧ �ﲈ ﺧ ََﺮج ِﻣﻦ َدﯾْﲈس(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ِﺻﻔ ِﺔ ا�� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﳝﺎس وا�� ﯾْ ُﲈس‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳊَ �ﻤﺎ ُم اﻟﻌﺎ �م‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ د َ‬
‫َ�ﻣيﺲ‪ ،‬ودَﻣﺎﻣيﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬و ّ ِا� ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪.(٣...) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬دﯾﻮان‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ِﻣنﻪ ﺷيئًﺎ‪ ،‬ودﯾﻮ ٌان ﻻ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ�ِﺸ َﺔ‪) :‬ا�� واو ُ�ﻦ ﺛَﻼﺛ ٌﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺪﯾﻮ ٌان ﻻ ﯾَﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﷲ ِﻣنﻪ ﺷيئًﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺷيئًﺎ‪ ،‬ودﯾﻮ ٌان ﻻ ﯾ َ ُﱰكُ ُ‬ ‫ﯾَﻌ َﺒأ� ُ‬
‫‪ -‬و ّ ِا�ﯾﻮ ُان‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ا�� ﻓْ َ ُﱰ �ا�ي �ُﻜتَ ُﺐ ﻓيﻪ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ُء اﳉَيْ ِﺶ و ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﻟ َﻌﻄﺎء‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺳﻘط ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٦۳‬‬
‫ﻄﺎن‪ ،‬و)آٓن( �َﻼﻣ ُﺔ اﳉَ ْﻤﻊِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ :‬دﯾﻮ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﯿ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫لﻠ�ﺎﰼ �ﻟ �ﺸ�ﯿﺎﻃﲔِ ﰲ ﻧ َﻔﺎ ِذﱒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﻮن ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎب �ا��ﻦ �َﻜ ُت َ‬‫ﻮن اﻟ ُﻜت� َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬ ُْﻢ �ُﺸ ِ ّ�ﳢ َ‬
‫��ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ‪� dewan‬ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ � ِﺻ ٌ� َ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ )دﺑﲑ(‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬ا�ﲀ ِﺗﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬دﯾ�ﻮث‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻻ ﯾَﺪ ُ� ُﻞ اﳉﻨ� َﺔ َدﯾ�ﻮث(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎر �ﲆ ٔأﻫ ِْ�‪.‬‬‫ﻮث �ا�ي ﻻ ﯾ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬وا�� ﯾ � ُ‬
‫ﯾيﺚ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﻟ ِﻘيﺎدةُ‪ ،‬و ٔأ �ن‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫َﺮي ٔأ �ن اﻟﺘ� ْﺪ َ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ‬
‫ﻮﱊ ِﻣﻦ )دﯾﺚ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﲆ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ﻮث ﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ �ﻮا ُد �ﲆ ٔأﻫ ِْ�‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻪ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬ ‫ا�� ﯾ � َ‬
‫َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٦٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍء‬

‫‪ -‬راﻗﻮد‪:‬‬
‫ﴩ�َ �ﻦ ﰲ راﻗﻮ ٍد وﻻ َﺟ �ﺮ ٍة وﻻ ْﻗﺮ�ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ�ِﺸ َﺔ‪) :‬ﻻ � َ ْ َ‬‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﴩ ِب �ﲆ َﻫ ْﯿﺌ ِﺔ ا�ٓ ُﺟ �ﺮ ِة اﻟ َﻜبﲑ ِة‪َ ،‬ﻃﻮﯾ ُﻞ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻔ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ْﻄﲆ‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮاﻗﻮدُ‪ :‬إ� ٌء ِﻣﻦ آٓﻧﯿ ِﺔ � ْ‬
‫�ﻟﻘﺎر َﻃﻠْ ًﯿﺎ ﺧَﻔي ًﻔﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬ﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪� :‬اﻟﺮواﻗيﺪ‪.‬‬
‫دا ِ� ُ� ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ر ْﻃﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼن ِﻣﻦ ﻣﺎء(‪.‬‬‫)ﳚ ِﺰ ُئ ﰲ ُاﻟﻮﺿﻮ ِء ِر ْﻃ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎ�‪ْ ُ :‬‬‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأ� َ ِﺲ ِ�ﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َ� ُ‬
‫‪ -‬و ّ ِاﻟﺮ ْﻃ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻜيﺎ ٌل � ُﺴﺎوي اﺛْنَﱵ ﻋ َْﴩ َة �أوﻗي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ ٔأم‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� )ﻟَ ْﱰ(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪ْ :‬‬
‫)ﻟﺴ ُﺖ ٔأدْري ْ‬
‫ﳼ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر ّ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍﻱ‬

‫‪ْ ِ -‬ز� ِﺮج‪:‬‬

‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ِ �َ ) :‬ﻠ َﯿ ِﺖ ا�� ﻧْﯿﺎ ﰲ ٔأ ْﻋ ُﯿﳯِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وراﻗَﻬﻢ ِ ْ�ز ِﺮ ُ�ﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫�ﲇ َر َ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٍ ّ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫�ﺎب‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎب‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬ ‫ﳾ و َﺟ ْﻮ َﻫ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬وا ��ﻫ َُﺐ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﺰ� ِﺮ ُج‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺰﯾﻨ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ٍﺶ َوو ْ ٍ‬
‫‪ْ ِّ -‬‬
‫ﺮورﻫﺎ وزﯾنﳤُ ﺎ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‬ ‫وﲪﺮ ٍة‪ِ ،‬وز ْ� ِﺮ ُج ا�� ﻧﯿﺎ‪ :‬ﻏُ ُ‬ ‫َﻔيﻒ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ِﻤ ُﺮ َ�ﺴﻮا ٍد ُ ْ‬
‫اﳋ ُ‬
‫َﻔيﻒ ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮل اﻟ َﻌ �� ُﺎج‪:‬‬ ‫) ُﻣ َ ْﺰ� َﺮ ٌج(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ُ :‬ﻣ َﺰ�� ٌﻦ‪ ،‬وﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﻐ ْ َِﲓ اﳋ ِ‬

‫‪۱٦٥‬‬
 ‫و�ﲔ ﯾ َ ْﺒ َﻌ ْ َﱹ ّ ِاﻟﺮ� َغ َرﻫَ�ﺎ‬
‫َ‬
‫)اﻟﺰ� ِﺮ َج( )اﳌ ُ َ ْﺰ� َﺮ�ﺎ(‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬
‫ﲈل ّ ِ ْ‬ ‫َﺳ ْﻔ َﺮ �‬
‫ﺣﺴ ُﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل �‬ ‫ﳾ وا ��ﻫ َِﺐ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ َاﻟﻮ ْ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎن �أ ِّم ِدﻣﺎ ِ� ِﻪ ّ ِ ْ‬
‫)ﰷﻟﺰ� ِﺮجِ(‬ ‫�ﺎن ُﺣ َﻮ ْ� ِﺮ ٌث * �َﻠَ ُ‬
‫َوﳒﺎ ا ُ�ﻦ َ ْﲪﺮا ِء اﻟ ِﻌ ِ‬
‫)ز َﺮگ( ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )زﯾﺒﺎ( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺴ ٍﻦ‪َ ،‬‬
‫و)رگ( ٔأي‪:‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�ْ ِ :‬‬
‫ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ )زﯾﺒﺎرو( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺴ ِﻦ َاﻟﻮ ْ�ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ز�َ ْﺮ َ�ﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأﰊ ﻫ َُﺮْ�ﺮةَ‪) :‬ا �ٕن ﰲ اﳉﻨ� ِﺔ ﻟ ُﻌ ُﻤﺪً ا ِﻣﻦ �ﻗﻮﺗ ٍﺔ �ﻠﳱﺎ ﻏُ َﺮ ٌف ِﻣﻦ َ�زَ ْﺮ َ�ﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫َ� ُ‬
‫�ﺎر اﻟ َﻜﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬و �اﻟﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ�ﺪُ ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺮ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺣ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬وﻧ �َﺺ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ �ﲆ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪:‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.smaragdos :‬‬ ‫)زَ ْﺮ َ�ﺪ(‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫َ�‬
‫‪ُ -‬ز ْرﻣﺎ ِﻧﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم ٔأﰏ ِﻓ ْﺮ َﻋ ْﻮ َن و�ﻠﯿﻪ ُز ْرﻣﺎ ِﻧﻘﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ِ�ﻦ َﻣ ْﺴﻌﻮ ٍد‪) :‬ا �ٕن ﻣﻮﳻ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫‪ -‬و �اﻟﺰ ْرﻣﺎ ِﻧﻘ ُﺔ ﱔ ُﺟب� ُﺔ ﺻﻮف‪.‬‬
‫َﺮي ٔأ �ن‬‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘﻠَ ٌﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓأٔﺑﻮ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿ ٍﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ ِ� ْﱪا ّﱐ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫ﳼ ) �أ ْﺷ ُ ْﱰ�ﻧَﻪْ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﻣتﺎ ُع اﳉَ �ﻤ ِﺎل‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ) ٔأﺷﱰ( وﻫﻮ اﳉَ َﻤ ُﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ �ﲆ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻠَﲔِ ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِ�‪) :‬ﻫﺬا واﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ ُق‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬‫)�ن( ٔأي‪ :‬اﳊﺎ ِﻓﻆِ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ �َﻠ � َﻖ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫وﻇ �ﻦ ٔأﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ �اﻟﺰ ْرﻣﺎ ِﻧﻘ ِﺔ و ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ اﳌ َ ْﺰﻋﻮ ِم َﻛﺒﲑٌ ُ‬
‫ﲝﯿﺚ ٕاﻧ �ﻨﺎ ﻻ نَﲀ ُد ﻧ َْﻄ َﻤ ِ �ﱧ إﱃ ﻫﺬا �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِي‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ �ﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ�ﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُوﺟﻮ َد ِﳌ ِ‬ ‫ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿ ٍﺪ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِ� ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ﻟيﺲ َﺑﺼ ٍ‬

‫‪۱٦٦‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ز ُﻣ �ﺮد‪:‬‬
‫)ﳔ ُﻞ اﳉﻨ� ِﺔ ُ�ﺬوﻋُﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ُز ُﻣ �ﺮ ٍد ٔأﺧ َْﴬ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﲈ ﻗﺎ َل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ا ِ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس َر َ‬
‫‪ -‬و �اﻟﺰ ُﻣ �ﺮ ُد و �اﻟﺰ ُﻣ �ﺮ ُذ ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ�ﺪُ ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﳉَﻮا ِﻫﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)اﻟﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ� ِﺪ و �اﻟﺰ ُﻣ �ﺮ ِد( ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ وﻫﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﱵ �‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ َ ِﳇ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن ا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ �َﻼﻣ ُﺔ َرﻓْﻊٍ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﲔ ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫)ﲰﺮ ْﻛﺪُ ْس(‪ ،‬و ِ ّ‬ ‫‪َ ْ smaragdos‬‬
‫ا�ﲀف ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺟﳰًﺎ‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬ ‫�ء و ِ‬ ‫اﳌﲓ ً‬
‫اﻟﺴﲔِ ز ًا� و ِ‬ ‫ﺪال ِ ّ‬ ‫)زَ ْﺮ َ�ﺪ( ٕ�ﺑْ ِ‬
‫ﻓتﻜﻮن َ�‬‫)ﲰ َﺮ ْﻛ ْﺪ(‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ا�ﲀف‪ ،‬واﻟﺘ� ْﻌﻮ ِﯾﺾ ﻋﳯﺎ ﺑت َ ْﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ �اﻟﺮاء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲔِ ز ًا�‪ ،‬و َ� ْﺬ ِف ِ‬ ‫ﺪال ِ ّ‬
‫ُ)ز ُﻣ �ﺮ ٌد( ٕ�ﺑْ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻧزْبيﻞ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺰْبيﻞ(‪.‬‬‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأﰊ ﻫ َُﺮْ�ﺮةَ‪) :‬ﻓأ� ِ َﰐ اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ ﺑ َﻌ َﺮ ٍق ﻓيﻪ ﺗَ ْﻤ ٌﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ّ ِﻧ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺰْبي ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﻮ�ﺎ ُء �ا�ي ُﳛ َﻤ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬و ّ ِﻧ‬
‫ﳼ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬زﻧبيﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻧزْﺪﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ َ�ﺰ� ِدﻗ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫�ﲇ َر َ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﲈ‪� ) :‬أ ِ َﰐ �‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﷲ ِ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس َر َ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﻋﻦ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓأٔ ْﺣ َﺮﻗَﻬﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫ْﺪﯾﻖ‪َ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﯾُﺆ ِﻣ ُﻦ ��ٓ ِﺧﺮ ِة‪ٔ ،‬آو اﻟﻘﺎﺋِ ُﻞ ﺑ َﺒﻘﺎ ِء ا�� ْﻫ ِﺮ‪ٔ ،‬آو َﻣﻦ ﯾُ ِﺒﻄ ُﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ْﻔ َﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺰ ُ‬‫‪ِ ّ -‬ﻧ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ َز� ِدﻗ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ )�َ َ ﻧﺰْﺪَ َق(‪.‬‬
‫ٕﳝﺎن‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﯾُﻈﻬ ُِﺮ اﻻ َ‬
‫تﺎب‬‫ﻔﴪ ا ٔ��ﺴ�ﺘﺎق ‪-‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﰷن ﯾُ َﻘﺼﺪُ ﲠﺎ َﻣﻦ ﯾُ ِ ّ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫�ﺎﺻ ٍﺔ �ﲆ ٔأﺗْﺒﺎعِ ﻣﺎﱐ‬ ‫�ﲑ َرﺷ�ﯿ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬و �أﻃ ِﻠ َﻘ ْﺖ ِﺑﺼﻔ ٍﺔ �‬ ‫ﺴﲑا َ�ﺪﯾﺪً ا ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌُﻘﺪ ُ�س َﻟﺰرا ِد ْﺷ َﺖ‪ -‬ﺗَ ْﻔ ً‬
‫ﺣيﺚ ﻗي َﻞ‪ٕ ) :‬اﻧ �ﻨﺎ َﺟ َﻌﻠْﻨﺎ‬‫وﻣﺰدك‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُذ ِﻛ َﺮ ْت ﰲ ا ٔ��ﺴ�ﺘﺎق َﻋ ْﯿ ِﻨﻪ؛ ُ‬
‫ْﺪي( ﰲ اﻟﺘ�ﺎر ِﱗ‬ ‫)اﻟﺰ �‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن ّ ِﻧ‬‫وﲣ ّ ِﺮﲠَ ﲈ َﲨﯿ ًﻌﺎ(‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺣ َﺮ ُ َ‬‫اﻟﺼﻼ َة ‪ ...‬ﻟﲄ ُﲢﺎ ِر َب ّ ِاﻟﺰﻧﺪﻩ و �‬ ‫�‬

‫‪۱٦۷‬‬
‫ﺛﻮن ﺗَﻠَﻔ�ﻈﻮا ﲠﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪:‬‬ ‫بﯿﺢ اﳌَﺬﻫ َِﺐ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا �ٕن اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ َس اﳌُ�ﺪَ َ‬‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺣ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ �‬
‫�ﺎء ْت َ ِﳇﻤ ُﺔ ِﻧزْﺪﯾﻖ‪.‬‬‫)زﻧﺪﯾﻚ(‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ َ‬
‫د�ﻦ اﳌ َ ْﺮ ٔأة‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ )زن د�ﻦ(‪ ،‬ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪َ :‬‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫ﳼ‪ :‬زﻧﺪﻩ ِﻛ ْﺮد‪) ،‬زﻧﺪﻩ( ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ اﳊَﯿﺎةَ‪ ،‬و)�ﺮد( ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ اﻟ َﻌ َﻤ َﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬيﻲ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ ُ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫�ﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺎن‪) :‬وﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫و�ﺎء ﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮل ﺑﺪَ وا ِم ا�� ﻫْﺮ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َﻣﺪى اﳊَﯿﺎ ِة‪ٔ ،‬أو َﻣﻦ ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮل ﺑِﺪَ وا ِم ﺑَﻘﺎ ِء ا�� ﻫْﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫َﻧزْ ِﺪ ِﻛﺮاي‪ُ ،‬‬

‫‪۱٦۸‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﲔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺳﺎ َذج‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎﳾ ٔأﻫْﺪى لﻠﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ ُﺧﻔ�ﲔِ �أ ْﺳ َﻮد َِ�ﻦ ﺳﺎ َذ َ�ﲔِ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠَب َِﺴﻬﲈ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أ �ن اﻟﻨ� ِ �‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ُ �ﰒ ﺗ ََﻮﺿ� أ� و َﻣ َﺴ َﺢ �ﻠﳱﲈ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﺻ ُﻒ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫�ﲑ � ِﻟﻐ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾُ َ‬ ‫ُﻮﺻ ُﻒ ﲠﺎ اﳊُ �� ُﺔ إذا ﰷﻧ َﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬وﺳﺎ ِذ ٌج وﺳﺎ َذ ٌج َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﺗ َ‬
‫ُﻮﺻ ُﻒ ﺑﻪ اﳌ َ ْﺮ ٔأ ُة اﻟ�ﱵ ﱂ ﺗ ََﱱ�� ْﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﲑﻩ‪ ،‬وﺗ َ‬ ‫ﰷن �ﲆ ﻟَ ْﻮ ٍن وا ِ� ٍﺪ ﻻ ُﳜﺎ ِﻟ ُﻄﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ُب إذا َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻬْ ُﻞ اﳊ ََﺴ ُﻦ اﳋُﻠُﻖ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺴﺎ َذ ُج ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳌ ُ �ﻮ� َ�ﻦ ﻫﻮ �‬ ‫ﺴﺎن �‬ ‫وا ٕﻻ� ْ ُ‬
‫ﳼ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﺎدَﻩ‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ ﺳﺎدَكْ ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻨ ْﻔ ِﺲ ﺻﯿﻐﳤِ ﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫َ�ﺎت اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ َﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ � ْ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ الﻠ�ﻬ ِ‬‫َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ َ ِ‬
‫ﲈش ﺳﺎدﻩ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻧ َ ْﻘ َﺶ‬ ‫ﻠﯿﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗُ ٌ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﺷﺎي ﺳﺎدﻩ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑﻼ َ� ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳبيﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﲑ َﺳبيﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ﻗَ ْي�‪) :‬و�ﻠﳱﺎ ُﺳبَيّ ٌِﺞ ﻟﻬﺎ(‪ُ ،‬وﺳبيّ ٌِﺞ‪ :‬ﺗ َْﺼ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬‫َ‬
‫ﻤﯿﺺ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �َﺴ� �ﺒ َﺞ ﲠﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻟَب َِﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫بيﺞ ﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬و �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ :‬ﺷ� ّﱯ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ ِ -‬ﲭ �ﻼط‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﺴﺎن ِﻣﻦ ﺧ ّ ٍَﺰ ِ ِﲭ �ﻼ ّ‬
‫ﻃﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪� ) :‬أ ْﻫ ِﺪ َي � ﷺ َﻃ ْﯿ ٌ‬
‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ� �ﻼ ُط ﻫﻮ َ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﲰﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِ ِ‬
‫)ﲭ �ﻼ ِﻃﺲ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٦۹‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ﺳﺪ�ر‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪) :‬ر ٔأﯾْ ُﺖ ٔأ� ﻫ َُﺮْ�ﺮ َة ﯾَﻠ َﻌ ُﺐ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﺪ�ر(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺪ ُ�ر ﻟُ ْﻌﺒ ٌﺔ ﯾُﻘﺎ َﻣ ُﺮ ﲠﺎ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺴﺪ ُ�ر و ِ ّ‬
‫‪ -‬و �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪)َ :‬ﺳ ْﻪ د َْر(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺛَﻼﺛ ُﺔ ٔأﺑْﻮاب‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‬
‫)ﴎدَر(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ٔأ ُس دا ِ� َﻞ‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ َﻣ ْﻘﻄﻮ� ٌﺔ و ُﻣ َﺼ �ﺤﻔ ٌﺔ ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َ‬‫ٔأ �ن �‬
‫ﺒﻮن �َ ْ َﲔ ٔأ َ� ِﺪﱒ ﲟِ ْﻨ ٍ‬
‫ﺪﯾﻞ وﯾَﺘ� ِﻜ ُﺊ �ﲆ َﺻ ْﺪ ِر‬ ‫ﻌﺼ َ‬ ‫�ﲔ ﯾَﻠ َﻌﺒﻮﳖَ ﺎ ﯾ َ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎن َ‬ ‫ِﺴﺎط؛ ٔ� �ن ا ّ ِﻟﺼ ْﺒ َ‬
‫اﻟب ِ‬
‫ٔأ َ� ِﺪ ُرﻓَﻘﺎﺋِﻪ وﯾَﻨﺎم‪.‬‬
‫ﴎق‪:‬‬ ‫‪ََ -‬‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ‪) :‬ر ٔأﯾ ُﺘ ِﻚ ﰲ اﳌﻨﺎ ِم ﳚﻲ ُء ﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎل ﱄ َر ُ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ �ﺎ�ﺸ َﺔ َر ِ َ‬
‫ﴎﻗ ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ َﺣﺮ� ٍﺮ ‪.(...‬‬ ‫اﳌ� ﰲ َ َ‬‫َُ‬
‫ﴎ ٌق‪ ،‬وﱔ اﻟ ِﻘ ْﻄﻌ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ اﳉَ ّﯿِﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗ ُﺔ َ ْﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬و �َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪َ َ :‬‬
‫ﴎ ْﻩ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳉَ ِ ّﯿ ِﺪ اﳋﺎ ِﻟ ِﺺ اﻟﻨ�ﻔيﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺳﻄﺎم‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗَﻀَ يْ ُﺖ � �ﴚ ٍء ِﻣﻦ َﺣ ّ ِﻖ ٔأﺧيﻪ ﻓﻼ ﯾَأٔ� َُﺬﻧ �ﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻗﺎ َل َر ُ‬
‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺮب ِﺳﻄﺎ ُم اﻟﻨ�ﺎس(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ٕﺎﻧ �ﲈ ٔآ ْﻗ َﻄ ُﻊ � ِﺳﻄﺎ ًﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎر(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ا�ٓ َﺧ ِﺮ‪) :‬اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ا ٔ� �و ِل‪�َ :‬ﺪﯾﺪ ٌة‬ ‫‪ -‬وﱔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺪ ُة اﻟ�ﱵ ُﲢ �ﺮكُ و�ُﺴ �ﻌ ُﺮ ﲠﺎ اﻟﻨ� ُﺎر‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺗُ َﺆ �ﺟ ُﺞ ﲠﺎ اﻟﻨ� ُﺎر و�ُﺸ ِﻌﻠُﻬﺎ �ﲆ ﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪� �َ :‬ﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺮب َﲝ ِّﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻒ ﰲ ﻗُ �ﻮﲥِ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮا ِر ُد ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓيُﺸ� ِ ّﺒ ُﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َ‬

‫‪۱۷۰‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن‬
‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )‪ ،(stomo‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪) :‬ﻓﻮﻻذ‪�َ ،‬ﺪﯾﺪ‪ُ ،‬ﺻﻠْﺐ(‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫و َِ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(stoma) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪� �َ :‬ﺪ اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻒ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫َﺮي ﰲ ﲥَ ْﺬﯾﺒِﻪ ﻻ ﯾ َ ْﺪري ٔأﱔ‬
‫ﻓيﻘﻮل‪) :‬وﻻ ٔأدْري ٔأ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﺤﻀ ٌﺔ ٔأو ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ٔأم ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ؛ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳﻌﺎﻧﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﴍ ِط اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪) :‬وﻻ َ ْﳜ ُﺮﺟﻮا َﺳﻌﺎﻧﲔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ َ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺮوف ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى ﻗ ْب َﻞ ﻋ ْﯿ ِﺪ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﺼ ِﺢ ﺑأ� ْﺳ�ﺒﻮع‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬وﻫﻮ ﻋﯿ ٌﺪ َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َ ْﲨ ٌﻊ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َﻔﺮدُﻩ‪َ :‬ﺳ ْﻌﻨﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺳ ُﻜ �ﺮ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ �ﲆ ِﺧﻮ ٍان وﻻ ﰲ ُﺳ ُﻜ �ﺮ�ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأ� َ ٍﺲ‪) :‬ﻣﺎ ٔأ َ َ‬
‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺆﰻ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﻜ �ﺮ� ُﺔ‪ :‬إ� ٌء َﺻﻐﲑٌ ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬و �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ُ :‬ﺳ ُﻜ َﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ْ ِ -‬ﲰﺴﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎن‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﷲ ﷺ ٔأن ﯾُ َﺘﻠﻘ�ﻰ �اﻟﺮ ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﲈ‪) :‬ﳖَ يﻰ َر ُ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ِ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس َر َ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �‬‫�ﺎﴐ ِﻟﺒﺎ ٍد؟ ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬ﻻ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎﴐ ِﻟﺒﺎ ٍد‪ ،‬ﻗﻠْ ُﺖ‪ � :‬ا َ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُ�‪ :‬ﻻ ﯾَبي ُﻊ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﯾَبي َﻊ ِ ٌ‬
‫ِ ْﲰ ً‬
‫ﺴﺎرا(‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﺳ ًﻄﺎ ٕﻻ ْﻣﻀﺎ ِء اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿﻊِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ ِ واﳌ ُ ْﺸ َﱰي ُﻣتَ ِّ‬ ‫ﺴﺎر‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﻣﻦ ﯾَﺪ ُ� ُﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬و ِّ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻤ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﲈﴎةُ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ ِ ّ ُﲓ �ﲆ ا ٔ� ْﻣ ِﺮ اﳊﺎ ِﻓﻆُ �‪،‬‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ �‬ ‫واﳌَﺼﺪَ ُر‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻤ َﴪةُ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﲈﴎ َة ﻗ ْب َﻞ َﻣﻘﺪَ ِم‬
‫ﻮن �‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ﻗَيْ ِﺲ ِ�ﻦ ٔأﰊ ُﻋ ْﺮو َة ٔأﳖ� ﻢ ﰷﻧﻮا � ُﺴ �ﻤ َ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ إﱃ اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ �ﻤﺎ ﻗَ ِﺪ َم اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ َﺔ َ �ﲰﺎﱒ اﻟﺘ� ��ﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫َر ِ‬

‫‪۱۷۱‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﺬﯾﺐ ﻋﻦ الﻠ � ْﯿ ِﺚ ٔأ �ن َ ِ‬
‫َﺮي ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )ﲰﺴﺎرا(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺳن ْ ُبﻚ‪:‬‬
‫)ﲣ ِﺮ ُﺟﲂ �اﻟﺮو ُم ِﻣﳯﺎ َﻛ ْﻔ ًﺮا َﻛ ْﻔ ًﺮا إﱃ ُﺳن ْ ُب ٍﻚ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأﰊ ﻫ َُﺮْ�ﺮ َة َر َ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎ�ﺎ و َﺳ�ﻨَﺎﺑِﻚ َﺧ ْيﻠﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ا�ٓ َﺧ ِﺮ‪ِ ) :‬ﻋ �ﺰ اﻟ َﻌﺮب ﰲ ٔآ ِﺳ�ﻨ�ﺔ ِر ِ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْر ِض(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴنْ ُب ُﻚ ﻫﻮ َﻃ َﺮ ُف ُﻣﻘ �ﺪ ِم �ﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮ اﳋَ ْﯿ ِﻞ‪ُ ،‬وﺳنْ ُب ُﻚ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺮﻓُﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬وﺳنْ ُب ُﻚ‬ ‫‪ -‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈ ِء‪ٔ :‬أ �و ُل ﻏَ ْﯿﳦِ ﺎ‪ُ ،‬وﺳن ْ ُب ُﻚ اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻒ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺮ ُف ﻧ َ ْﻌ ِ�‪ ،‬وﳓﻦ �ﲆ ُﺳنْ ُب ِﻚ اﳋَﻠﯿﻔ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫�‬
‫و�ﺎءت ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳋَﺮاجِ‪ُ ،‬وﺳنْ ُب ُﻚ ٔأ ِ ّي ﳾ ٍء‪ٔ :‬أ �و ُ�‪ُ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‬ ‫�ﲆ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ ِوﻻﯾ ِﺘﻪ‪َ ،‬‬
‫" َﺳ�ﻨﺎﺑِﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻐﲑ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ا�ﲀف ﻓيﻪ لﻠﺘ� ْﺼ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﺳنﺐ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﺼﺪَ ِر‪ُ ) :‬ﺳ�ﻨبيﺪن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳊَ ْﻔ ُﺮ واﻟﺜ � ْﻘﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ�ﻨﺎﻩ‪َ ،‬ﺳ�ﻨَﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲﷺ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎص‪ٔ ) :‬أﺗَيْ ُﺖ َرﺳﻮ َل ِ‬‫�ﺎ� ِ�ﻦ َﺳﻌﯿ ِﺪ ِ�ﻦ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎ� ٔأ َﻣ ِﺔ ِﺑن ْ ِﺖ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ �أ ِّم ِ ٍ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﷲ �ﻠﯿﻪ � َ‬
‫وﺳﲅ‪َ :‬ﺳ�ﻨَ ْﻪ َﺳ�ﻨَﻪْ(‪ ،‬وﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ ُ‬‫ﷲ �‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺺ ٔأ ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل َر ُ‬ ‫و�ﲇ ﻗَ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣ َﻊ ٔأﰊ َ �‬
‫وا�ت‪َ ) :‬ﺳ�ﻨَﺎ َﺳ�ﻨَﺎ(‪ ،‬و) َﺳ�ﻨَﺎﻩ َﺳ�ﻨَﺎﻩ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ِر ٌ‬ ‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪-‬ﻛﲈ َو َر َد ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ -‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺳ� ُﯿﻮم‪:‬‬
‫ﻬﺎﺟﺮ َ�ﻦ إﻟﯿﻪ‪ :‬ا ْﻣ ُﻜثﻮا؛ ﻓأٔﻧﱲ ُﺳ� ُﯿﻮم(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ِﳗْﺮ ِة اﳊَبَﺸ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨ� �‬
‫�ﺎﳾ ِلﻠ ُﻤ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﴚ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬آ ٓ ِﻣنﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬و ُﺳ�ﯿﻮ ٌم و َﺳ�ﯿﻮ ٌم ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َ�بَ �‬

‫‪۱۷۲‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﲔ‬

‫‪َ -‬ﺷ� �ﺒﻮر‪:‬‬

‫ﷲ ﷺ اﻟ ُﻘنْ ُﻊ‪ ،‬ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺸ�ﺒ� َﻮر ‪-‬وﻫﻮ َﺷ�ﺒ� ُﻮر‬ ‫ذان ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُذ ِﻛ َﺮ َﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ٔ� ِ‬‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﻌﺠ ْﺒﻪ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳱَ ﻮ ِد‪ -‬ﻓﲅ ﯾُ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬واﻟ �ﺸ� �ﺒ ُﻮر‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﳾ ٌء ﯾُﻨ َﻔﺦُ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺒﻮق‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )‪.(٤...‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺷ ْﻄ َ ﻧﺮْﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻗﺎ َل‪ّ ِ :‬‬
‫)اﻟﺸ ْﻄ َ ﻧﺮ ُْﺞ َﻣ ِ ُ‬
‫يﴪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫�ﲇ َر َ‬ ‫ُر ِو َي ﻋﻦ ٍ ّ‬
‫ﴪﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛﺮوا‬ ‫و)اﻟﺴ ْﻄ ﻧﺮ ُْﺞ( ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺸﲔِ و َﻛ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻄ َ ﻧﺮ ُْﺞ ﻟُ ْﻌﺒ ٌﺔ‪ّ ِ ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬و ِّ‬
‫)ﺟ ْﺮ َد ْ�ﻞ(‪.‬‬‫ﻟﯿﻜﻮن ُﻣﻠْﺤ ًﻘﺎ ﺑـ ِ‬
‫ﴪ؛ َ‬ ‫ٔأ �ن ا ��وﱃ اﻟ َﻜ ْ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�‪ ،‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب ُﺷ ْﺪ َرﻧﻚ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣﻦ ا ْﺷ� َﺘ َﻐ َﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪ َذﻫ ََﺐ ﺗَ َﻌ ُﺒﻪ َﻋ َﺒﺜًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب ﺻﺪرﻧﻚ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ :‬ﻣئ ِﺔ ﺣي ٍ�‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب‬
‫َﺷ َ ْﱰ َر ْنﮓ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ :‬ﺳ�ﺘ� ِﺔ ٔأﻟْﻮ ٍان؛ ٔ� �ن � ٔأ ْﺻﻨﺎﻓًﺎ ِﺳ�ﺘ� ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻘ َﻄﻊِ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب ُ)ﺷ ُﱰنﮓ(‪،‬‬
‫ٔأي‪ :‬ﺑﻠَ ْﻮ ِن اﳉَ َﻤ ِﻞ َوﺷ ْ ِﳫﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أو ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب ) ٔأﺳﺐ رنﮓ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑﻠَ ْﻮ ِن اﳉَﻮاد‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ‪ :‬ﺷﱰﻧﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،catrang :‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ﻄﯿﻒ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ‬ ‫)ﺷﱰﻧﻚ( ‪-‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪ :-‬ﺷﺎﻩ �ُ َﺮﻧﻚ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ُﻩ الﻠ � ُ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ َ)ﺷ ْﺖ( وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ا ِﳊ �ﺼ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُﻘﺎ َﻣ ُﺮ ﲠﺎ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْنﳤِ ﺎ ِء الﻠ � ِﻌ ِﺐ‪ ،‬و)رﻧﻚ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬
‫اﻟ ِﻘ ُﲈر‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )ﺷﱰ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻌﺪُ �و �لﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)رﻧﻚ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳊﯿ ُ�‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺣي َ� اﻟ َﻌﺪُ ِّو ٔأو ِﻣ ْﺸيتَﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ا �ﻟﺴنْ ِﺴﻜﺮﯾتي� ِﺔ‪ْ �َ ) :‬ﱰانﮕﺎ(‪،‬‬ ‫ٔأو ا ِﳌ ْﺸ�ﯿ ُﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺳﻘط ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۷۳‬‬
 ‫ﺪي اﳌ ُ �‬
‫ﻜﻮ ِن ِﻣﻦ ِ َ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﴏ‬ ‫ﰟ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳉَيْ ِﺶ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِ ّ‬ ‫و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ذو ٔأ ْرﺑَﻌ ِﺔ ٔأﻋْﻀﺎ ٍء‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٌ‬
‫�ت و �اﻟﺮ ��ﺎ�‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎن واﻟ ِﻔ َي ِ� واﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِ‬
‫ٔأ ْرﺑَﻌ ٍﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺷﻮِﻧﲒ‪:‬‬
‫ﰷن إذا ا ْﺷ� َﺘﲃ ﺗَ َﻘ �ﻤ َﺢ َﻛﻔ�ﺎ ِﻣﻦ ُﺷﻮِﻧﲒ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧ �ﻪ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻮ ُﻧﲒ‪ :‬اﳊَ �ﺒ ُﺔ �‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻮداء‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬و �‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬

‫‪۱۷٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎﺩ‬

‫ﲱﻨﺎة‪:‬‬ ‫‪ْ ِ -‬‬

‫ﰻ اﳌُﺴ ِﻠ َ‬
‫ﻤﻮن ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺤﻨﺎة؟!(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ اﳊ ََﺴ ِﻦ‪) :‬وﻫﻞ ﯾَأٔ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ُﻚ اﳌ ُ َﻤﻠ � ُﺢ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ إدا ٌم ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ِﻚ اﳌ ُ َﻤﻠ�ﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﺤﻨﺎ ُء‪� :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﺤﻨﺎ ُة و ّ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬و ِّ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺴﺎن‪ُ -‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ‪-‬ﻛﲈ �ﺎ َء ﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )‪.(sahnito‬‬ ‫ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﴏد‪:‬‬
‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫ﴏدًا‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ُ ) :‬ﺳ� ِﺌ َﻞ ا ُ�ﻦ ُ َﲻ َﺮ ﻋﻦ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺘﺎن ﯾَﻘ ُت ُﻞ ﺑ َ ْﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀً ﺎ ٔأو ُ‬
‫ﲤﻮت َ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﻟيﺲ ﲠﺎ ﺑأٔس(‪.‬‬
‫ﴏ ٌد‪ ،‬وﻟَ ْﯿ ٌ� َ ْ‬
‫ﴏ ٌد‪َ :‬ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ُة ُاﻟﱪود ِة‪ ،‬واﳋﺎ ِﻟ ُﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪُ ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﯾ َ ْﻮ ٌم َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﴫدُ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُد �‬ ‫‪ْ� -‬‬
‫ﰻ ﳾء‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫)ﴎد(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺻﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻚ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻟﻮ ﰷن �ﻠﯿﻚ ِﻣثْ َﻞ َﺟ َب ِﻞ ِﺻ ٍﲑ َدﯾﻨًﺎ ٔأد�اﻩ ُ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﲀت اﳌ َ ْﻤﻠﻮ� ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﳯﺎ اﻻٕدا ُم �ا�ي � ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺤﻨﺎة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُﲑ‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ‪-‬وﺗَ ِﺒ َﻌﻪ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪ٔ -‬أﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ِﻚ اﳌ ُ َﻤﻠ�ﺢ‪.‬‬‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟﺘ�ﻠْﻤﻮدﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺻﲑ(‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ �‬‫�اﻟﺮ ِ‬

‫‪۱۷٥‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻄّﺎء‬

‫ﻃﺎز�ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬‬

‫�ﺎدﯾﺚ ﻗَ ِﺴ� �ﯿ ًﺔ وﺗَأ�� ُُﺬﻫﺎ ِﻣن�ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِ ّﱯ‪ٔ :‬أﻧ �ﻪ ﻗﺎ َل ٔ�ﰊ ّ ِاﻟﺰ� ِد‪) :‬ﺗَأٔﺗينﺎ ﲠﺬﻩ ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﻃﺎز�ﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ُﻀﺎر واﻟﻔﺎ ِﻛﻬ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِﺮ �ي ِﻣﻦ اﳋ ِ‬ ‫وب َ�ﺪﯾﺜًﺎ‪ ،‬واﳉَﺪﯾﺪُ ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ َﺎز ُج‪ِ ّ :‬ا� ْر َ ُﱒ اﳌ َ ْﴬ ُ‬
‫‪� -‬‬
‫واﻟﻨ� �ﻘﻲ اﳋﺎ ِﻟ ُﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)�ز ْﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪�) :‬زك(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫َ�ﺎت اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ � ْ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ� َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﺑﺼﯿﻐ ِﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ إﱃ الﻠ�ﻬ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫�ﲁ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ َ�ﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻃﺎزﻩ( ِّ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫)�زﻩ(‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻃ ْﺮ�ل‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬إذا َﻣ �ﺮ ٔأ َ�ﺪُ ﰼ ِﺑﻄ ْﺮ�لٍ ﻣﺎﺋِ ٍﻞ ﻓﻠْي ْ ِ‬
‫ُﴪعِ اﳌ َ ْﴚ(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺨْﺮ ُة اﳌ ُ ِ‬
‫ﴩﻓ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺪار‪ ،‬و �‬‫�ل‪ :‬اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ُء اﳌ ُ ْﺮﺗَ ِﻔ ُﻊ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻘ ْﻄﻌ ُﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳉ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫ﻟﯿﻜﻮن �َﻼﻣ ًﺔ؛ ﻓ ُيﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﰻ ﺑِﻨﺎ ٍء ﯾُ ْبﲎ َ‬ ‫�ل ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ �ﲆ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﳉَ َﺒ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ِّ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﻣﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌَﻨﺎر ِة‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ �‬
‫� ٔأ ْرد ُ‬
‫َﺷﲑ‬ ‫ﻈﲓ َﺷ� �ﯿﺪَ ﻩ اﳌ َ ِ ُ‬‫ﴫ َﻋ ٍ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ �ِ ) :‬ﺮ�ﱄ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٌ‬
‫ﰟ ﻟ َﻘ ْ ٍ‬
‫ُ�ﻦ �ﺑﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻃ ْﺴﺖ‪:‬‬
‫)ﰒ ﻏَ َﺴ َ� ﰲ َﻃ ْﺴ ٍﺖ ِﻣﻦ َذﻫَﺐ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ اﻻ ْٕﴎا ِء ﻋﻦ ٔأ� َ ٍﺲ‪� ُ :‬‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬

‫‪۱۷٦‬‬
‫ﺴﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ُﻐﺴ ُﻞ ﻓﻮﻗَﻪ ا ٔ�ﯾْﺪي‪ُ ،‬ﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ِ :‬ﻃ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺴ ُﺖ‪ :‬إ� ٌء و ِاﺳ ٌﻊ ِﻣﻦ ُﳓ ٍﺎس ﺗ َ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﻓيﻪ‪،‬‬‫اﻟﻄ �ﺴ ُﺔ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺸ ُﺖ‪ ،‬و ِّ‬
‫اﻟﻄ �ﺴ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫ﺴيﺲ‪ .‬و �‬ ‫ﺴﻮس‪ ،‬و َﻃ ٍ‬ ‫ﺴﺎس‪ُ ،‬وﻃ ٍ‬ ‫و ٔأ ْﻃ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﻄ �ﺲ ﻟُﻐ ُﺔ َﻃ ِ ّ�‪.‬‬‫و �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ �) :‬ﺸ ْﺖ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬إ�ء‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻃ ْﺴﻖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮا ِد ﰲ �أ َرﺿﳱﻢ‪،‬‬‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ٔأﻗَ �ﺮ ٔأﻫ َﻞ �‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ إ�ﺮاﻫ َﲓ اﻟﺘ� ّ ِ‬
‫ﳰﻲ‪ٔ ) :‬أ �ن ُ َﲻ َﺮ َ�ﻦ اﳋ �َﻄ ِﺎب َر ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺴ َﻖ ‪-‬ﯾﻌﲏ اﳋَﺮ َاج‪-‬‬ ‫اﻟﴬاﺋِ َﺐ ‪-‬ﯾﻌﲏ ا ِﳉ ْﺰﯾ َﺔ‪ -‬و�ﲆ ٔأ ِرﺿﻬﻢ �‬ ‫ؤوﺳﻬﻢ �‬ ‫وﴐب �ﲆ ُر ِ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺴ ْﻤﻬﺎ ﺑيﳯﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﱂ ِ‬
‫وﴐﯾﺒ ٌﺔ ﺗ َُﻔﺮ ُض �ﲆ َﻣﺴﺎ� ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْر ِض �ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺴ ُﻚ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻜيﺎ ٌل‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺴ ُﻖ و �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ‪ُ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ُ :‬ﻃﺴﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉَﺮ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ�) :‬ﺸَ ﻪ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ﺑﻨﺪﱄ ُﺟﻮزي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(tàksees) :‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻃ ْﻨ ِﻔﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ْﴫ َف إﱃ ِﻃ ْﻨ ِﻔﺴ ٍﺔ �(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ا ِ�ﻦ ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪� ُ :‬‬
‫)ﰒ اﻧ َ َ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻮق �اﻟﺮ ْ� ِﻞ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ َﻃﻨﺎ ِﻓ ُﺲ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ‬‫�ﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫ِﺴﺎط‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ْﻤ ُﺮﻗ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬وا ِّﻟﻄ ْﻨ ِﻔﺴ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟب ُ‬
‫ﻐﺎت َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة‪ :‬ا �ﻟﻄ ْﻨ ُﻔﺴ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وا �ﻟﻄ ْﻨ َﻔﺴ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وا ِّﻟﻄ ْﻨ َﻔﺴ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وا �ﻟﻄ ْﻨ ِﻔﺴﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗَ ْﻨ َﻔﺴﻪ ٔأو ﺗَ ْﻨبَ َﺴﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻃ ْﯿﻠَﺴﺎن‪:‬‬
‫وﺷﺎرﰊ ٍ‬
‫�ﺎف(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ِ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪) :‬و� َ �ﲇ َﻃ ْﯿﻠَ ٌ‬
‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْبِﺴ ِﺔ ﯾُﻠْﻘﻰ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻜ ِت ِﻒ ٔأو‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِﻟ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬وا �ﻟﻄ ْﯿﻠَ ُ‬
‫ﺴﺎن وا �ﻟﻄ ْﯿ ِﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺴﺎن و �‬
‫ﺴﺎن‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬‫ُﳛﯿﻂُ �ﳉ ََﺴ ِﺪ ﺑﻼ ِﺧيﺎﻃﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬ﺗ ََﻄﻠ � َﺲ وﺗ ََﻄ ْﯿﻠَ َﺲ � �ﻟﻄ ْﯿﻠَ ِ‬
‫‪۱۷۷‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻄﯿﺎ ِﻟﺴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ � :‬ا َ�ﻦ ا �ﻟﻄ ْﯿﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٕ :‬اﻧ �ﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﺎ ِﻟ ِﺲ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫ﻟَب َِﺴﻪ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪� :‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫بيﻞ اﻟ �ﺸ� ْ ِﱲ وا �� ّم‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻲ‪� ،‬ﲆ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ َﲺ �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻟﺸﺎن( ٔأو )�ﻟﺴﺎن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻛﺴﺎ ٌء ﯾُﻮﺿَ ُﻊ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻜ ِتﻒ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۷۸‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‬

‫�ن و ُﻋ ْﺮﺑﻮن‪:‬‬‫‪ُ -‬ﻋ ْﺮ ٌ‬

‫ﷲ ﷺ ﻋﻦ ﺑ َ ْﯿﻊ ِ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ�ن(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ )ﳖَ يﻰ َر ُ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻮن‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُ ْﻌﻄﻰ لﻠﺒﺎﺋِﻊ ِ ك ُﺠ ْﺰ ٍء ِﻣﻦ ﺛَ َﻤ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻮن واﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُ‬ ‫�ن واﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻮن واﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫�ن وا �� ْر ُ‬‫‪ -‬ا �� ْر ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠْﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿﻊِ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأن � َْﺸ َﱰ َي �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ ﺷيئًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ َيﺪﻓَ َﻊ إﱃ اﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ ِ ُﺟ ْﺰ ًءا‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫ﰷن لﻠﺒﺎﺋِﻊِ‪ ،‬و ٔأﻓْ َﺼ ُﺢ‬ ‫ﰷن ِﻣﻦ ﺛَ َﻤ ِﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وٕان ﱂ ﯾ َ ِ �ﱲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿ ُﻊ َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ﺛَ َﻤﳯِ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا َ �ﰎ اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿ ُﻊ َ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪) :‬اﻟ َﻌ َﺮﺑﻮن(‪.‬‬ ‫الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ْﻔيﻒ �اﻟﺮا ِء ) �أ َرﺑﻮن(‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أ �رﺑُﻮن(‪ُ ،‬ﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ﺑ َﺘﺨ ِ‬
‫وﲷ ِﺖ اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ُة ٕاﺗْﺒﺎ�ًﺎ ﻟﻀَ ّ ِﻢ اﻟﺒﺎ ِء‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺢ ) �أ ْرﺑﻮن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻮﱊ ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ُﺳ ِﻜّنَ ِﺖ ا �ﻟﺮا ُء ُ �‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔي� �‬
‫)اﻟﺮﺑﻮن( ْ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﲀن(‪ ،‬و ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟُﻬﻢ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪) :‬ا �� ْر�ن( ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠَ �ﻌ� ﺻﯿ َﻎ �ﲆ َو ْز ِن )اﳌ ُ ْﺴ ِ‬
‫َ� َﺬﻓﻮا اﳌ َ َﻘﻄ َﻊ ا ٔ� �و َل َﻇﻨ�ﺎ ِﻣﳯﻢ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ) ٔأل( اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮﯾﻔي� ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟُﻐ ُﺔ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮن ﱔ ا ٔ� ْﻗ َﺮ ُب ﻟ ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﺪال اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ِة إﱃ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُ‬
‫�ن‪�ٕ ،‬ﺑْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻮن واﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻮن واﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ اﻟﻌﺎ ِﻟﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﱐ؛ ِ�ا َﺟ َﻌﻠَﻬﺎ اﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻋ ْﺮ ُﻃﺒﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬إﳖ� ﺎ ﺳﺎ� ٌﺔ ﻻ ﯾ َ ْﺪﻋﻮ َﻋ ْﺒ ٌﺪ ا �ٕﻻ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫�ﲇ ِ�ﻦ ٔأﰊ ﻃﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺐ َر ِ َ‬ ‫ﰲ ا ٔ��َ ِﺮ ﻋﻦ ٍ ّ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﺻﺎ ِﺣ َﺐ َﻋ ْﺮ َﻃﺒﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﯿﺐ � ﻓﳱﺎ‪ ،‬ا �ٕﻻ ٔأن َ‬ ‫ا ْﺳ� ُﺘ َ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺒﻞ‪.‬‬‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﺮ َﻃﺒ ُﺔ واﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُﻃﺒ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﻮ ُد ٔأو �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۷۹‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻋ َْﺴ َﻜﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﲔ ٔأ َﻛ �ﺐ �اﻟﺮﻣﺎ ُة َﲨﯿ ًﻌﺎ‬
‫ﴩ َ‬‫َﺪﯾﺚ )ﻓﻠ �ﻤﺎ ﻏَ ِ َﲌ اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ و ٔأ�ﺣﻮا ﻋ َْﺴ َﻜ َﺮ اﳌ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺪَ �َﻠﻮا ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜ ِﺮ �َﳯَﺒﻮن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜ ُﺮ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْﺠﳣ َ ُﻊ اﳉَيْ ِﺶ‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ ُﻣ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻟَ ْﺸ َﻜﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬

‫‪۱۸۰‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎء‬

‫‪ -‬ﻓﺎﺛﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺛﻮر اﻟ ِﻔﻀ� ﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ا ٔ� ْر ُض ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ� ِﺔ‪) :‬و ُ‬ ‫ﻼﻣﺎت �‬‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ �َ ِ‬‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺴ ُﺖ �ا�ي ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﻫ َِﺐ ٔأو اﻟ ِﻔﻀ� ِﺔ ٔأو �اﻟﺮ�ﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وﯾﻘﻮ َ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺛﻮر‪ :‬ﻫﻮ �‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺛﻮرﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ِص �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(pathouro) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺪ�اد�ﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺨﺮ واﳋُ َﯿﻼ ُء ﰲ �أﻫ ِْﻞ اﳋ َِﯿﻞ وا ٕﻻﺑ ِِﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ﷺ ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬واﻟ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊَ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﻔ �ﺪاد�ﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫�ن ا ٔ� ْر َض‪ٔ ،‬آو ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ران �اﻟ� ِان َ ْﳛ ُﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ �ﺪ ُان واﻟ َﻔﺪَ ُان ﻫﻮ ا� آ ُ� اﻟ�ﱵ ُﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻓﳱﺎ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ُر ﻧ ْﻔ ُﺴﻪ �ا�ي ُﳛ َﺮ ُث ﺑﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ َر ِ�ﻦ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣ ْﻘ ٌ‬
‫ﺪار َﻣ ْﻌﻠﻮ ٌم‬
‫ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْر ِض ا ّ ِﻟﺰراﻋ �ﯿ ِﺔ َ ْﲣﺘ ِﻠ ُﻒ َﻣﺴﺎﺣ ُتﻪ ﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ ْ� ِان اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬ﻓَ َ‬
‫ﺪاد�ﻦ‪،‬‬
‫و ٔأﻓْ ِﺪﻧ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓُﺪُ ن‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎن ﳊ َْﺮ ِث‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(fadono) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺛَ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫ران ُ ْﳚ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْرض‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَ ْﺮ َﰞ‪:‬‬
‫ﰞ ﰲ ﻓَ ْﺮ َﰞ(‪.‬‬‫ﻋﻦ ا ِ�ﻦ ﻋ �ﺒ ٍﺎس ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬اﳋَ ْﯿﻤ ُﺔ د �ُر ٌة ُﻣ َﺠ �ﻮﻓ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ْﺮ َ ٌ‬
‫ﰞ‪َ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﻠﻮﻣ ٌﺔ ﺗُﻘﺪ ُ�ر ﺑﺜَﻼﺛ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻣيﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻓﺮﲯﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬

‫‪۱۸۱‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻓُ ْﺮﻗُﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ْٕﺳﻼ ِم ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪) :‬ﻓأٔ ْﻗ َب َﻞ َﺷ� ْﯿﺦٌ �ﻠﯿﻪ ِ� َﱪ ٌة وﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب ﻓُ ْﺮﻗُ ّﱯ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎب ِﻣ ْﴫﯾ � ٌﺔ ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻜت�ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﱶﻗُب �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ِ :‬ﺛ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬
‫ﯿﺎب اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُﻗ ِب �ﯿ ُﺔ واﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮﻗُب �ﯿ ُﺔ و � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُ ْﺴﻄﺎط‪:‬‬
‫�ب ﻓُ ْﺴﻄﺎط(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﺞ �ﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ٔأﰊ ا�� ْردا ِء ) ٔأ �ن اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ َﻣ �ﺮ � ْﻣﺮ ٔأ ٍة ُﻣ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎص‪،‬‬ ‫ﴫ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺑَﻨﺎﻫﺎ َ ْﲻ ُﺮو ُ�ﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ ِﳌ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻄﺎط‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ٌﺖ ِﻣﻦ َﺷ َﻌ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺴ ُ‬
‫ﺘﺎط‪،‬‬ ‫ﻄﺎط‪ ،‬وﻓُ �ﺴ ٌﺎط‪ ،‬و ِﻓ �ﺴ ٌﺎط‪ ،‬وﻓُ ْﺴ� ٌ‬ ‫ﻄﺎط‪ ،‬و ِﻓ ْﺴ ٌ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ﻓُ ْﺴ ٌ‬ ‫وﻓيﻪ ِﺳﺖ� ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫ﺘﺎط‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬ﻓَﺴﺎﻃﯿﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫و ِﻓ ْﺴ� ٌ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(fossatum) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳋﯿﺎم‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻓ ْﺼ ِﻔﺼﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ اﳊ ََﺴ ِﻦ‪) :‬ﻟيﺲ ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﺼﺎ ِﻓ ِﺺ َﺻﺪَ ﻗﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﱪﺳ� َﲓ ا ِﳊ �‬
‫�ﺎزي‪،‬‬ ‫َﺒﺎت ُﻋ ْﺸ� �ﱯ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﺼﯿ ِ� اﻟ َﻘ ْ ﻧﺮ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻔ ْﺼ ِﻔﺼ ُﺔ ﱔ ﻧ ٌ‬
‫واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﻓَﺼﺎ ِﻓﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﻈﻮر ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪:‬‬
‫َﺮي وا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ واﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� )أ ْٔﺳ ْپﺴ ْﺖ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗَأٔ ُ ُﳇﻪ‬ ‫ا�دي واﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫)إﺳﻔﺴﺖ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﲑوز �‬
‫اﳋَ ْﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻓﻬْﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﲲﺮة(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﰂ �ﲆ ر ٔأ ِﺳﻪ ﺑ ِﻔﻬ ٍﺮ ٔأو َ ْ‬ ‫)ور ُ� ٌﻞ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ﷺ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُر ْؤ� �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬

‫‪۱۸۲‬‬
‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ ا ْﺟ ِتﲈ ِﻋﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻔﻬ ُْﺮ‪ :‬اﳊَ َﺠ ُﺮ �ا�ي ﰲ َﺣ ْﺠ ِﻢ اﻟ َﻜ ِّﻒ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ ٔأﻓْ ٌ‬
‫ﻬﺎر‪ ،‬و ِﻓﻬ ُْﺮ ا�ﳱَ ﻮ ِد َﻣ ِ‬
‫لﻠﺼﻼ ِة‪ ،‬وﺗَ َﻔﻬ َ�ﺮ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ ﰲ ِ‬
‫اﳌﺎل‪ :‬ا� � َﺴ َﻊ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ ِ� ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪) :‬ﲠُ ْﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَ ْيﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ ذ� ﻓَ ْي ٌﺞ ٔأﻋ َْﻮج(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬و ْ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎن اﳌ ُ ْﻨﺘ ِﻘ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ﺑ َ َ ٍ� إﱃ ﺑ َ َ ٍ� ﺳﺎ ِﻋ ًﯿﺎ �ﲆ ﻗَﺪَ َﻣيﻪ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ِ‬
‫ﺳﻮل �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ ْي ُﺞ‪َ :‬ر ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋِﺞ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﯿﮓ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَ ْي َﺠﻦ‪:‬‬
‫)اﲣ ْﺬ ﻟﻨﺎ �َ ْ َ ِﱪﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ و �أ ْﻛ ِ ْﱶ ﻓَ ْي َﺠﳯَ ﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ُر ِو َي ٔأ �ن اﳊَ �� َﺎج ﻗﺎل ِﻟ َﻄ �ﺒﺎ ِ�ﻪ‪ِ � :‬‬
‫ﺬاب‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‬ ‫ﺆﰻ‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ ْي َﺠ ُﻦ واﻟ َﻔ ْي َ� ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﴭ ٌَﺮ ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ﰻ اﻟ َﻔ ْي َﺠﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫داو َم �ﲆ ٔأ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻓ ًﻌﻼ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻓْ َﺠ َﻦ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬‬

‫‪۱۸۳‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﲑ واﳌ ُ َﻘ � ِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﳊَ ْﻨ َ ُﱲ؟ ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬ا ٔ�ﺧ َ ُ‬
‫ْﴬ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ا�� �� ِء واﳊَ ْﻨ َ ِﱲ واﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﳖَ يﻰ ِ‬‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫�ﻟﻘﺎر ِﻣﻦ ِز ّ ٍق ٔأو ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻩ(‪.‬‬ ‫وا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﳌ ُ َﻘ � ُﲑ؟ ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟُ ِّﻄﺦَ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎر واﻟ ِﻘ ُﲑ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ �د ٌة َﺳ ْﻮدا ُء ﺗ ُْﻄﲆ ﲠﺎ ا ٕﻻ ِﺑ ُﻞ إذا �أﺻﯿبَ ْﺖ �ﳉ ََﺮ ِب‪ ،‬وﺗ ُْﻄﲆ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫ﴪ ِب إ�ﳱﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ّ ِاﻟﺰﻓْ ُﺖ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﻔ ُﻦ؛ ﻟ ُﯿﻤﻨَ َﻊ اﳌﺎ ُء ِﻣﻦ اﻟت � �‬
‫�‬
‫)ﻗَ � ْﲑ ُت ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ َﺔ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻃﻠَ ْﯿﳤُ ﺎ �ﻟﻘﺎر؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻟﻮﻋﯿ ِﺪ ٔ�ﻧ �ﲏ * إﱃ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس َﻣ ْﻄ �ﲇ ﺑﻪ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎر ٔأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُب‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ﺗ ْ َُﱰﻛ�ﲏ َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﲑا(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻛﲑوس(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫�‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮن‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎرﯾ ٌﺔ روﻣي� ٌﺔ ِ‬
‫ﻻ�ﻦ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮن(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟَ ْﺖ ِ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫�ﲇ َر َ‬ ‫ﴍ ْ ًﳛﺎ ٔأﻓْﱴ )ﻓﻘﺎ َل �‬ ‫ﰲ ا ٔ��َ ِﺮ ٔأ �ن ُ َ‬
‫ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪ٔ :‬أﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﻮن‪.‬‬
‫�ﲇ‪ٔ :‬أ َﺻ ْبﺖ‪ ،‬وﰲ ّ ِاﻟﺮواﯾ ِﺔ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ا ِ�ﻦ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٍ ّ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮن ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ٔأ �ن َﻣ ْﻌﲎ ٍ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ُ َﲻ َﺮ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﻟﺢ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮن(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳉَ ّﯿِﺪُ واﳉَﻤﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُ ْب ِﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ ﻗَبﺎ ِﻃ �ﻲ ﻓأٔﻋْﻄﺎﱐ ﻗُ ْب ِﻄ �ﯿﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ �ﱯ‪ٔ ) :‬أ� ََﺬ َر ُ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻗﺎ َل ِد ْﺣ َي ُﺔ َ ْ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﯿﺎب ِﻣ ْﴫﯾ � ٌﺔ َرﻗيﻘ ٌﺔ ﺑ َ ْﯿﻀﺎ ُء‪َ ،‬ﻣنْﺴﻮﺑ ٌﺔ إﱃ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻂِ‪ُ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘبﺎ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْب ِﻄ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ِ :‬ﺛ ٌ‬

‫‪۱۸٤‬‬
 ‫ﰟ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ِﻣ ْﴫ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻂُ‪ :‬ا ٌ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(aigyptos) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُ ْﺮ َﻃﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫�ﲇ رﴈ ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ْ :‬اﻃﻠُﺒﻮا اﳌُ�ﺪَ َج‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﺳ� َﺘﺨ َْﺮﺟﻮﻩ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻗﺎ َل �‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﴚ �ﻠﯿﻪ ﻗُ َﺮﯾْ ِﻄ ٌﻖ � إ�ﺪى‬ ‫ﻃﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ َاﻟﻮﴈ ِء‪ :‬ﻓ�ٔ ِ ّﱐ ٔأﻧ ُْﻈ ُﺮ إﻟﯿﻪ َ�بَ �‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ ْتﲆ ﰲ ٍ‬
‫ﯾَﺪَ �ﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ� ،‬ﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﻘبﺎ َء‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻗَ ْﺮ َﻃ ْﻘ ُت ُﻪ‬
‫ﯿﺎب ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ َﻃ ُﻖ واﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻃ ُﻖ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻐﲑ ﻗُ ْﺮ َﻃﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓتَ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻃ َﻖ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أﻟْبَ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻪ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ َﻃ َﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗُ َﺮﯾْ ِﻄ ٌﻖ‪ :‬ﺗ َْﺼ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛ ْﺮﺗَﻪْ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮﺗﻚ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْﻔﺶ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮف‬ ‫رض ا �ٕﻻ ِﻣ َﺪر� َﺔ ُﺻ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪) :‬ﱂ ُﯾﱰكْ �يﴗ ا ُ�ﻦ ﻣﺮ َﱘ ﰲ ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �يﴗ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫وﻗَ ْﻔ ِﺸﲔِ و ِﻣ� َْﺬﻓﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﻔ ُﺶ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳋ �ُﻒ ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ اﳋ �ُﻒ اﳌ َ ْﻘﻄﻮ ُع �ا�ي ﱂ ُﲢ َ ْﲂ َﺻ ْﻨ َﻌ ُﺘﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أو‬
‫اﳋ �ُﻒ اﻟ َﻘﺼﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻈﻮر‪) :-‬ﻛﻔﺞ(‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫َﺮي وﻧ َ َﻘ َ� ﻋﻨﻪ ا ْ� ُﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ‪-‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫ا�دي‪) :-‬ﻛﻔﺶ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ‪-‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﲑوز �‬
‫�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ )اﻟ َﻘ ْﻔ ِﺶ( ﻻ ِﺻ َ� � �ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� �و ِل‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َﻔﺎ� َﻣ ًﻌﲎ آٓﺧ ََﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳋ �‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪� ) :‬أﻓْﺶ(‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﲠِ ﺬا اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻮن َ ِ‬‫ﴫ ﯾ َ ِﻨﻄ َ‬ ‫اﻟ� ُم �ا�ي ﻻ ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ �‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﰲ ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ ِﻠ ّ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪) :‬وﻻ َﻛﻨيﺴ َﺔ وﻻ ِﻗ ِﻠ ّ �ﯿﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ ا ٔ��َ ِﺮ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ُ َﲻ ُﺮ َر َ‬
‫‪۱۸٥‬‬
‫ﰷﻟﺼ ْﻮ َﻣﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑِﻨﺎ ٌء‬ ‫ﯿﻮت اﻟ ِﻌﺒﺎد ِة ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ِﻠ ّ �ﯿ ُﺔ واﻟ ِﻘ �ﻼﯾ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ٌﺖ ِﻣﻦ ﺑُ ِ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ّ‬
‫ﻼﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﲑ ﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن �ﺑُﻪ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْﺒﺎن‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺮﺗَ ِﻔ ٌﻊ ﰷﳌَﻨﺎر ِة ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �لﻠﺮﻫ ِ‬
‫)�دة(‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪� :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُ ْﻤ ُﻘﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ‪) :‬ا �ٕن ٔأﻫ َْﻮ َن ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎر �َﺬ ًا� ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم اﻟ ِﻘيﺎﻣ ِﺔ َر ُ� ٌﻞ �ﲆ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫�ن ﯾَﻐْﲇ ِﻣﳯﲈ ِدﻣﺎ�ُﻪ ﻛﲈ ﯾَﻐْﲇ ا ِﳌ ْﺮ َ� ُﻞ واﻟ ُﻘ ْﻤ ُﻘﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْ َﲬ ِﺺ ﻗَﺪَ َﻣيﻪ َ ْﲨ َﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻤ ُﻘ ُﻢ‪ :‬إ� ٌء ِﻣﻦ ُﳓ ٍﺎس � ُﺴﺨ ُ�ﻦ ﻓيﻪ اﳌﺎ ُء‪ ،‬ر ٔأ ُﺳﻪ ﺿَ ّﯿ ٌِﻖ‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ َﺤ �ﻢ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬
‫َﻋ ْﻨ َﱰةُ‪:‬‬
‫و ٔ� �ن ُر �� ٔأو َﻛ ً‬
‫ﺤﯿﻼ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﻘﺪً ا * َﺣ �ﺶ اﻟ ِﻘ َي ُﺎن ﺑﻪ َﺟﻮا ِﻧ َﺐ ﻗُ ْﻤ ُﻘ ِﻢ‬
‫و ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﻪ اﳊُﻠْﻘﻮ ُم ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪)ُ :‬ﳈْ ُﲂ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﻮﻣﻘﲈ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَنْ َﻄﺮة‪:‬‬
‫)اﻟﺰﰷ ُة ﻗَنْ َﻄﺮ ُة اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼم(‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ٔأﰊ ا�� ْردا ِء َر َ‬
‫ﴪ ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ْارﺗَ َﻔ َﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺒنْ ِ‬
‫يﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﴪ �ا�ي ﯾُ ْبﲎ �ﲆ اﳌﺎ ِء‪ٔ ،‬أو ا ِﳉ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘنْ َﻄ َﺮةُ‪ :‬ا ِﳉ ْ ُ‬
‫ُوﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ﻗَ َ‬
‫نﺎﻃﲑ؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﻃ َﺮﻓ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﱊ ٔأ ْﻗ َﺴ َﻢ َرﲠ� ﺎ * ﻟ ُﺘ ْﻜتَﻨَ َﻔ ْﻦ �‬
‫ﺣﱴ �ُﺸﺎ َد ﺑ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻣ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻛ َﻘنْﻄﺮ ِة �اﻟﺮ ِّ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۸٦‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْنﻄﻮراء‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎن �ﺎ َء ﺑَﻨﻮ ﻗَنْﻄﻮرا َء ِﻋﺮ َاض ُاﻟﻮﺟﻮ ِﻩ‪ِ ،‬ﺻ َ‬
‫ﻐﺎر‬ ‫ﰷن ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ �اﻟﺰ ِ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻓﺎٕذا َ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﯾ َ ِﲋﻟﻮا �ﲆ َﺷﻂِّ ا�ﳯ� ْﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْ� ُ ِﲔ‪� ،‬‬
‫اﻟﱰكُ ِﻣﻦ � َ ْﺴ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ َبﻨﻮ ﻗَنْﻄﻮرا َء‬‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ ،‬و � ْ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻗَنْﻄﻮرا ُء‪� :‬ﺎ ِرﯾ ٌﺔ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ٕﻻ ْ�ﺮاﻫ َﲓ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬
‫اﻟﱰك‪.‬‬‫ُ ُﱒ � ْ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ِﺳ ْﻔ ِﺮ اﻟﺘ� ْﻜﻮ ِ�ﻦ‪�) :‬ﺎ َد ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ ُﲓ و ٔأ َ� َﺬ َز ْو� ًﺔ ا ُﲰﻬﺎ ﻗَ ُﻄﻮرة(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَﻬ َْﺮﻣﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎن �ﲆ ِﻣ ِثﻞ ﻣﺎ ٔأ� �ﻠﯿﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﲢﺖ ﯾَﺪي ٔأﻟْ ُﻒ ﻗَﻬ َْﺮ ٍ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫�ﺎ�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َاﻟﻮ�ﯿ ُﻞ‬ ‫�ﺎﺻ ِﺔ ِر ِ‬‫� و ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫ﻣﲔ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎن واﻟ ُﻘﻬ ُْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎن واﻟ َﻘ ْﺮﻫ ُ‬
‫َﲈن ﻫﻮ ٔأ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘﻬ َْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﲢﺖ ﯾ َ ِﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮر َﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫و ُِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﰂ ﺑأٔ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﻗﺮﻣﺎن( ٔآو ) َﻛﻬْﺮﻣﺎن( ‪ٔ ،‬آو )ﻗَﻬ َْﺮﻣﺎن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا�ٓ ِﻣ ِﺮ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﳊ ُْﲂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗﻬْﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﯿﺺ ِﻣﻦ ِﻗﻬْﺰ(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﲇ ُ�ﻦ ٔأﰊ ﻃﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺐ و�ﻠﯿﻪ ﻗَ ٌ‬‫ز�ﻦ ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬ﺧ ََﺮ َج �‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ٔأﰊ َر ٍ‬
‫ﻮف‪ُ ،‬وﳜﺎ ِﻟ ُﻄﻬﺎ اﳊَﺮ ُ�ﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ �ﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘﻬ ُْﺰ واﻟ ِﻘﻬْﺰ واﻟ َﻘﻬْ ِﺰ �ي‪ِ :‬ﺛ ٌ‬
‫ﯿﺎب ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫ﻧ ْﻔ ُﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ذو �اﻟﺮ �ﻣ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﺾ اﳌَﻘﺎ ِﻧﻊ ِ‬ ‫ؤوﺳﻬﺎ * ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘﻬْ ِﺰ و ِّ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮﱔ ُ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺰ ْر ِق �أو ُﺻ ْﻘﻊ ٍ ٔ� �ن ُر َ‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺰ ﯾ َ ِﺼ ُﻒ ُ ْﲪ َﺮ َاﻟﻮ ْﺣ ِﺶ‪:‬‬
‫ٔ� �ن ﻟَ ْﻮ َن اﻟ َﻘﻬْ ِﺰ ﰲ ﺧ ِ‬
‫ُﺼﻮرﻫﺎ‬

‫‪۱۸۷‬‬
 ‫ﺮي اﻟ ِﺒ َﯿﺾ ﰲ ﺗَأ�ز� ِﺰﻫﺎ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻘ ْب َﻄ �‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ‬ ‫ﻈﻮر ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬كﻬﺰاﻧﻪ(‪ ،‬و�َﻠ � َﻖ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘ �ﺰ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ �ﲆ ذ� ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِ�‪) :‬وﱂ ٔأ ِ� ْﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُﻮق‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ �اﻟﺮ ْﲪ ِﻦ ِ�ﻦ ٔأﰊ �َ ْﻜ ٍﺮ ﳌ�ﺎ ٔأرا َد ُﻣﻌﺎ ِوﯾ ُﺔ ٔأن ﯾَأٔ� َُﺬ اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿﻌ َﺔ َﻟﲒﯾﺪَ ‪ٔ ) :‬أﺟئ ُْﱲ ﲠِ ﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗﻠ �ﯿ ًﺔ ﻗُﻮ ِﻗي� ًﺔ؟(‪.‬‬
‫ﻠﻮك �اﻟﺮو ِم‪ ،‬إﻟﯿﻪ ﺗ َُنﺴ ُﺐ ا�� � ِﻧﲑ اﻟ ُﻘﻮﻗي� ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأرا َد �ﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‬ ‫� ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ َﻣ ِ ٍ‬‫‪ -‬ﻗُ ٌﻮق‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫رﯾﺚ ٕاﻧ �ﲈ ﻫﻮ ِﻧﻈﺎ ٌم لﻠ ُﺤ ْ ِﲂ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ ُﺳ�ﻨ� ِﺔ اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ �ن اﻟﺘ� ْﻮ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪.(Phocas) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﲑاط‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﻦ ﺗَ ِﺒ َﻊ َﺟنﺎز ًة ﻓ� ﻗﲑاط(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﻧﻮن ﺑﻪ ا ��ﻫ ََﺐ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ�ﺪﯾﺜًﺎ � ُﺴﺎوي ِﻣئ ًﺔ َ ْ‬
‫وﲬﺴ ًﺔ‬ ‫يﺎس ﰷﻧﻮا �َ ِﺰ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻘﲑ ُاط‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻘ ٌ‬
‫ﻌﲔ ِﻣ ْ ًﱰا ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ �ﺪ ِان‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ ﻗَﺮارﯾﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﺳ� ْﺒ َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(keration) :‬‬

‫‪۱۸۸‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬

‫‪ِ -‬ﻛ ْﺮ�س‪:‬‬

‫ﻤﯿﺺ ِﻣﻦ َﻛﺮاﺑيﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪) :‬و�ﻠﯿﻪ ﻗَ ٌ‬‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫�س‪ِ :‬ﺛ ٌ‬
‫ﯿﺎب َﺧ ِﺸ�ﻨ ٌﺔ ﺗُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄ ِﻦ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ِﺾ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻛﺮاﺑيﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻜ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ا �ﻟﺴنْ ِﺴﻜﺮﯾتي� ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫)ﰷرﭘﺎس(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﺮ َزن‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﷲﷺ �‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �أ ِّم َﺳﻠَﻤ َﺔ ﰲ َﻣ ْﻮ ِت اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ‪) :‬ﻣﺎ َﺻ �ﺪ ْﻗ ُﺖ ﲟ َ ْﻮ ِت َر ِ‬
‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫َ ِﲰ ْﻌ ُﺖ َو ْﻗ َﻊ اﻟ َﻜﺮاز�ﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫ز�ﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻜ ْﺮز ُﱘ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻜ ْﺮ َز ُن واﻟ َﻜ ْﺮ َز ُم‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔأٔ ُس اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜ ْﺮ ِز ُن‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻜ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ُوﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻛﺮ ِاز َن و َﻛﺮاز�ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮزن(‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ َﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪�) :‬ﺮ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ َ :‬ﲻ ٌﻞ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﴬ ُب‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪َ َ :‬ﲻﻠُﻬﺎ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴬ ُب واﻟ َﻘ ْﻄﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫و)زن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ْ � :‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﺮ ُﺳﻒ‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧْ َﻌ ُﺖ ِ� اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮ ُﺳﻒ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮ ُﺳ ُﻒ واﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺳﻮف‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄ ُﻦ‪ ،‬وا ِ�ﺪﺗُﻪ ُﻛ ْﺮ ُﺳﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻛ َﺮﺷﻒ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄﻦ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﺮُﰼ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ �ﺎ َد ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ُﻛ ْﺮ ُﳈﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﺗَﻐ � ََﲑ َو ْ� ُﻪ ِ� ْﱪﯾ َﻞ �‬
‫‪۱۸۹‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮُﰼُ واﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮ ُﻛ ُﺐ‪ِ ّ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒ ُﻎ ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ اﳌُﺴ �ﻤﻰ اﻟﻬ ُْﺮدُ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮ ُان‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ﻧ َ ْب ٌﺖ‬
‫ﻮن‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب ُﻣ َﻜ ْﺮ َﰼٌ‪:‬‬ ‫�ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ َاﻟﻮ ْر َس‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ﻧ َ ْب ٌﺖ َﺷبي ٌﻪ َ‬
‫�ﻟﳬ� ِ‬
‫ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺼﺒﻮغٌ �ﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮُ ِﰼ‪ ،‬ووا ِ�ﺪﺗُﻪ‪ُ :‬ﻛ ْﺮ ُﳈﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻮر�ﻮﻣﺎ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٔﻛﺪﯾ � ِﺔ‪.(kurkanu) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﻌﻚ‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ ) :‬د َ� َﻞ اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ �ﲆ َﻣﺮ ٍﯾﺾ ﯾَﻌﻮدُﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‪ٔ " :‬أ� َ ْﺸ�ﳤَ يﻲ ﺷيئًﺎ؟ ٔأ� َ ْﺸ�ﳤَ يﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﻛ ْﻌ ًﲀ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻜ ْﻌ ُﻚ‪ :‬اﳋ ْ ُُﱫ اﻟﯿﺎ� ُِﺲ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ْﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ا�ٓ َن اﻟ َﻜ ْﻌ ُﻚ �ﲆ اﳋ ْ ُِﱫ �ا�ي ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ ا�� ِ‬
‫ﻗيﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜ� ِﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺟ َﻮ ُف ﰷﳊَﻠْﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳊ ِ‬
‫َﻠﯿﺐ و �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﰷك(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﻔﺮ‪:‬‬
‫)ﲣ ِﺮ ُﺟﲂ �اﻟﺮو ُم ِﻣﳯﺎ َﻛ ْﻔ ًﺮا َﻛ ْﻔ ًﺮا(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻜ ْﻔ ُﺮ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘﺮﯾ ُﺔ اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺋِﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ْﻔﺮا(‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﳈَ ْﯿﺖ‪:‬‬
‫�ﲁ �أ ْﺷ َﻘ َﺮ �أﻏَ �ﺮ ُﻣﺤ �� ٍﻞ ٔأو ُﳈَ ْﯿ ٍﺖ �أﻏَ �ﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪�) :‬ﻠﯿﲂ ِّ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮا ِد واﳊُ ْﻤﺮة‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ �‬ ‫‪ُْ -‬‬
‫اﻟﳬﺘ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﻮ ٌن َﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ ْ َ‬
‫ْﻠﻮط َ�ﻠْ ًﻄﺎ ﺳ ِي ّئًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﳈﯿﺨﺖ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌَ� ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔ ِﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ُ :‬ﳈَﺨْﺖ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬

‫‪۱۹۰‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﻛﻨ�ﺎرات‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ ﻋﻦ ﻟُ ْب ِﺲ اﻟ ِﻜن � ِﺎر(‪ ،‬وﰲ ِﺻﻔ ِتﻪ ﷺ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻮرا ِة‪:‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُﻣﻌﺎ ٍذ‪) :‬ﳖَ يﻰ َر ُ‬
‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫)ﺑ َ َﻌﺜْ ُﺘﻚ ﺗَ ْﻤﺤﻮ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎز َف واﻟ ِﻜن�ﺎرات(‪.‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب اﻟ َﻜت� ِﺎن‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻮ ُد �ا�ي ﯾُ َﻌﺰ ُف ﺑﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أو ا�� �ف‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻜن � ُﺎر‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﻄﻌ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِﺛ ِ‬
‫�ﲆ‪ِ :‬ﻛﻨ�ﺎر ٍات و َﻛﻨ�ﺎرات‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛﻨيﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ�ﺴﺎﺋِﻪ َﻛﻨيﺴ ًﺔ ر ٔأ ْ�ﳯَ ﺎ ﺑأٔ ْر ِض‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ�ِﺸ َﺔ‪) :‬ﳌ�ﺎ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﲃ اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ ذ َﻛ َﺮ ْت ُ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﳊَبَﺸﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻜنيﺴ ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻣ ُ‬
‫ﲀن اﻟ ِﻌﺒﺎد ِة لﻠﳱَ ﻮ ِد واﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ اﻟ َﻜنﺎ�ِﺲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﻛنﺸﺖ( ٔأو )ﳇيﺴﺎ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳉَﲈ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛﻮﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ َﺣ �ﺮ َم اﳋَ ْﻤ َﺮ واﻟ ُﻜﻮﺑﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ا �ٕن َ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻜﻮﺑ ُﺔ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺒ ُﻞ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛﻮﺑﻪْ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛﻮرة‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧ �ﻪ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ إﻟﯿﻪ ٔأ َ�ﺪُ ُ �ﲻ ِﺎ� ِﻣﻦ ُﻛﻮر ٍة(‪.‬‬
‫ﴈ ُ‬‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُ َﲻ َﺮ َر َ‬
‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻘ ُﻊ �ا�ي � َ ْﺸ� ِﳣ ُﻞ �ﲆ ِ� �ﺪ ِة ﻗُ ًﺮى‪ُ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ُ :‬ﻛ َﻮر‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻜﻮرةُ‪� :‬‬

‫‪۱۹۱‬‬
‫ﻘﺎﻃﻌ ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺧﻮرﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ِ ّ‬
‫ﰻ ُﻣ َ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﳼ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ )‪.(٥...‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر َس اﳋَ ْﻤﺴ ِﺔ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫ﻌﺎت ِ‬‫ﻘﺎﻃ ِ‬
‫ُﻣ َ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛﻮز‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪) :‬وا�ٓﺧ َُﺮ ٔآ ْﺳ َﻮ ُد ُﻣ ْﺮ�د�ا ﰷﻟ ُﻜ ِﻮز ُﻣ َﺠ ِّﺨ ًﯿﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُ� َﺬﯾْﻔ َﺔ َر َ‬
‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫لﻠﴩ ِب‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ‪) :‬ﰷز(‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻜ ُﻮز‪ :‬إ� ٌء ِﻣﻦ ﻓَ� ٍ�ﺎر � ُﻋ ْﺮو ٌة � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ � ْ‬
‫ﴍ َب �ﻟ ُﻜ ِﻮز‪ ،‬و)اﻛﺘﺎز(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ا ْﺳ� َﺘﻘﻰ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﻛﻮ ٍاز و ِﻛﲒ ٍان و ِﻛ َﻮزة‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأي‪ِ َ :‬‬
‫ﻼف ذ� َﻓﺬ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن‬ ‫)�ﻮزﻩ‪� /‬ﻮاز(‪ ،‬ور ٔأى ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺳ�ﯿﺪَ ﻩ ِ� َ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫اﻟ ُﻜ َﻮز َﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱﯿﺢ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﯿ ُﻤﻮس‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗَﻌﺎﱃ‪) :‬ﻟيْﺲ � َﻛ ْﯿ ِﻔي� ٌﺔ وﻻ َﻛ ْﯿﻤﻮ ِﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ِﻗ ٍّﺲ ﰲ ﺗَ ْﻤﺠﯿ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم واﻟ ِﻐﺬا ِء‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ‬ ‫ﯿﺎج إﱃ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ُم اﳌَﻬْﻀﻮ ُم‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻜ ْيﻤﻮﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ْ � :‬ﺣ ِت ُ‬ ‫ﻤﻮس‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻜ ْي ُ‬
‫�ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻛ ْﯿﻤﻮﺳﺎت‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺳﻘط ﻣن اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۹۲‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﺣﻮز‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﺎط إﱃ اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻜ ْنﺪَ ِرﯾ � ِﺔ ﰲ َﺳﻔيﻨ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ �ﻤﺎ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻛ ْﻨ ُﺖ ﻣ َﻊ ٔأﰊ ﻧ َْﴬ َة ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺴ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﻀﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠْ ُﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫َدﻓَ ْﻌﻨﺎ ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﺮﺳﺎ� ٔأ َﻣ َﺮ � ُِﺴ ْﻔﺮِﺗﻪ ﻓَ ُﻘ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ودَ�ﺎ� إﱃ اﻟﻐَﺪا ِء‪ ،‬وذ� ﰲ َر َﻣ َ‬
‫نﺎزﻟُﻨﺎ؛ ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ٔ :‬أ�َﺮﻏَ ُﺐ ﻋﻦ ُﺳ�ﻨ� ِﺔ اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ؟ ﻓﲅ نَ َﺰ ْل ُﻣ ْﻔ ِﻄﺮ َ�ﻦ �‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺑَﻠَ ْﻐﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗَ َﻐ �ﯿبَ ْﺖ ﻋﻨ�ﺎ َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺣﻮز�(‪.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫دون اﻟ َﻌﺪُ ِّو وﻓيﻪ اﻟ َﻜتﺎﺋِﺐ‪.‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫ﲀن �ا�ي ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺎﺣﻮز‪ :‬اﳌ َ ُ‬‫ُ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﴚ َء‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺼﻠْ ُﺖ �ﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ور ٔأى ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫َﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ر ٔأى ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋ َﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ُﺣ ْﺰ ُت �‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎز ٔأو َﻣ ْﺤ َﻮ ٌز‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬ ‫ﰷن ِﻣﻦ ) ُﺣ ْﺰ ُت(‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺎ َل‪َ :‬ﻣ ٌ‬ ‫ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب؛ إذ ﻟﻮ َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺎﺣﻮزا(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﻣﺪﯾﻨ ٌﺔ آ ٓ ِﻣن ٌﺔ ٔآو ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺎﺣﻮز(‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ َ� ��‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗَﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗَ ِﺪ َم‪ ،‬ﻓتَ َﺼﺪ�ى �‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﻣ ِﺖ َر َ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أ �ن ُﺳ َﻮﯾﺪَ َ�ﻦ �‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪَ �ﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ َل � ُﺳ َﻮﯾ ٌﺪ‪ :‬ﻟَﻌ �ﻞ �ا�ي ﻣ َﻌﻚ ِﻣث ُﻞ �ا�ي ﻣﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‪ :‬وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫َر ُ‬
‫�ا�ي ﻣ َﻌﻚ؟ ﻗﺎ َل‪َ :‬ﻣ َ� � ُ� ﻟُ ْﻘﲈن(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ٔأ� َ ٍﺲ‪� ) :‬أﻟْ ِﻘ َﻲ إﻟﯿﻨﺎ َﻣ�ﺎ �ل(‪.‬‬
‫تﺎب اﳌ ُ ْﺸ� ِﳣ ُﻞ �ﲆ ا ِﳊ ْﳬ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﻜتَ ُﺐ ﻓﳱﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ َ� � ُ�‪� :‬‬
‫تﺎب ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ﻣ�ﺎ �ل؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ُﺔ �ا�ﺑْ �‬
‫ﯿﺎﱐ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬
‫�ﲑ اﻟ َﻌﻮا ِﻗ ِﺐ‬ ‫ذات ا ٕﻻ ِ� ود�ﳯُ ﻢ * ﻗَﻮ ٌﱘ ﳁﺎ �َ ْﺮ َ‬
‫ﺟﻮن ْ َ‬ ‫َﻣ َ�ﻠ�ﳤُ ﻢ ُ‬
‫واﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ ْﳒﯿ ُﻞ؛ إذ ﰷﻧﻮا ﻗَ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ ﻧ َﺼﺎرى‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۹۳‬‬
‫َﻼل‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘﻠَ ٌﻒ ﻓيﻪ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﳉ ِ‬
‫يﺎن؛ ِ�ا ٔأ ْﻃﻠَﻘﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(mgaltho) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪َ :‬اﻟﻮ ْ ُ‬
‫� واﻟ ِﺘّ ْب ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ و � ْ‬
‫�ﲆ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ِﺐ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈوﯾ � ِﺔ و ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺐ ا ِﳊ ْﳬﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ِذ�ن‪:‬‬
‫ﺮون �ﲆ َﻋﻬ ِﺪ اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ �ﲆ اﳌﺎ ِذ��ت(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ را ِﻓﻊ ِ �ﻦ �َﺪ ٍﱕ‪) :‬ﰷن اﻟﻨ� ُﺎس ﯾﺆ ِاﺟ َ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫بﺎر‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﯾَﻨبُ ُﺖ‬ ‫�ن‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ا�ﳯ� ْ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ ٔأو ﻣﺎ ﯾَﻨبُ ُﺖ �ﲆ َﺣﻮ ِاف ا ٔ�ﳖْ ِﺎر اﻟ َﻜ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌﺎ ِذ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮاﰶ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ِذ��ت‪.‬‬ ‫َﺣ ْﻮ َل �‬
‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﺮج‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔﻃﺎل ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ َﻣ ْﺮجٍ ٔأو َر ْوﺿﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳبيﻞ ِ‬
‫)ﻓﺮ ُ� ٌﻞ رﺑ َ َﻄﻬﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ ُج‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْر ُض اﻟﻮ ِاﺳﻌ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾَﻨبُ ُﺖ ﻓﳱﺎ َ َ �‬
‫اﻟ� اﻟ َﻜ ُثﲑ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ُﺮوج‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ � ٔ��ﺴ�ﺘﺎﻗي� ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺎر�ﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻨ ْﻔ ِﺲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺮغ(‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﻠَ ِﻒ‪ ،‬و�ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ا ٔ� ْر ُض اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾ َﻨبُ ُﺖ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﳱﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻌﻠَ ُﻒ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺮ ْﻏ َﺰ ْار‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﺮ ُز�ن‪:‬‬
‫�ن ﳍﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪون ﳌ َ ْﺮ ُز ٍ‬
‫ﰲ ا ٔ��َ ِﺮ‪ٔ ) :‬أﺗيْ ُﺖ ا ِﳊﲑ َة ﻓﺮ ٔأ�ﳤُ ﻢ � َْﺴ ُ� َ‬
‫اﻟﺸ�ﺎ ُع اﳌُﻘ �ﺪ ُم �ﲆ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِم‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ْ :‬ﻣﺮازﺑ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ ُز ُ‬
‫�ن‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫و َﻣﺮ ِاز َب‪.‬‬
‫و)�ن(‪،‬‬ ‫ز�ن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ) َﻣ ْﺮ ْز(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﳊَ ِّﺪ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ْﺮ ٌ‬
‫ٔأي‪ :‬اﳊﺎ ِﻓﻆ‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۹٤‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﲆ �ﻟﻨ� ِﺎس ﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘﻘ ٍﺔ ﯾﺪاﻩ ﻓﳱﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ﺳ ْﻌ ٍﺪ ) ٔأﻧ �ﻪ �‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﲂ‪ ،‬واﳉُ �ﺒ ُﺔ اﻟﻮ ِاﺳﻌ ُﺔ‪ُ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻣﺴﺎ ِﺗ َﻖ‪� ،‬ﺎ َء‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ ُ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻘ ُﺔ واﳌ ُ ْﺴ� َﺘﻘ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻓَ ْﺮ ٌو َﻃﻮﯾ ُﻞ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﷲ �ﻠﯿﻪ � َ‬
‫وﺳﲅ ُﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘﻘ ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ ُ‬ ‫ﷲ �‬ ‫� �اﻟﺮو ِم ٔأﻫْﺪى َرﺳﻮ َل ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ٔأ� َ ٍﺲ ٔأ �ن َﻣ ِ َ‬
‫�ﺎﳾ‪،‬‬‫ُﺳ� ْﻨﺪُ ٍس‪ ،‬ﻓﻠَب َِﺴﻬﺎ ُ �ﰒ ﺑ َ َﻌ َﺚ ﲠﺎ إﱃ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ :‬اﺑْ َﻌ ْﺚ ﲠﺎ إﱃ ٔأﺧيﻚ اﻟﻨ� ِّ‬
‫و ٔأ�ْﺸَ ﺪَ ‪:‬‬
‫إذا ﻟَب َِﺴ ْﺖ َﻣﺴﺎ ِﺗ َﻘﻬﺎ ﻏَ ِ �ﲏ * ﻓيﺎ َوﯾْ َﺢ اﳌَﺴﺎ ِﺗ ِﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻟَ ِﻘيﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﺑﻮ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ‪ُ ) :‬ﻣ ْﺸ�ﺘﻪْ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫�ﰪ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ �اﻟﺮﻗيﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗيﻖ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ُ ) :‬ﻣﺸ�ﱵ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب َر ٌ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ْﺴﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ِﻣﻦ ر ِﱖ ا ِﳌ ْﺴﻚ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﰂ ٔأ ْﻃ َﯿ ُﺐ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ِ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻟَ� ُ‬
‫ُﻠﻮف ﻓَ ِﻢ �‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌ ْﺴ ُﻚ‪ِّ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﯿﺐ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺸﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣنَﻮان‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ا ِ�ﻦ اﳌ ُ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎر ِك‪) :‬ﻓﺎٕذا ﻓيﻪ َﻣنَﻮ ِان و َﺳ� ْﺒ ُﻊ ٔأﺳﺎﺗﲑ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ا ٔ��َ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣنَﻮ ِان‪،‬‬ ‫ﰷن � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ‪ ،‬واﳌ َﻨﺎ ﯾُ �ثﲎ ﻓ ُي ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌَﻨَﺎ واﳌ َ �ﻦ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻜيﺎ ٌل ٔأو ﻣﲒ ٌان َ‬
‫نﺎن‪ ،‬واﳌَﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣن � ِﺎن‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ٔأ ْﻣ ٍ‬ ‫ُوﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ٔأ ْﻣنﺎ ٍء‪ ،‬واﳌ َ �ﻦ ﯾُ �ثﲎ ﻓ ُي ُ‬
‫اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺼﺤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫وﰷن ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َو ْز ِن ِﻣئ ِﺔ ِد ْر َ ٍﱒ‪ ،‬و َﻣبﻠَﻎ ِ ِﻣئ ِﺔ ِد ْر َ ٍﱒ‪،‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ ) :‬ﻣنﺎ(‪َ ،‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﺳﺎﻣي� ُﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ُﺣ ّ ِﺮكَ ٔأ �و ُ�؛ ِ�ا ﻓـ )اﳌَﻨﺎ( ﱔ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﳉَ ّﯿِﺪةُ‪ ،‬و َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫‪۱۹٥‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻮﺑَﺬان‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﯿﺢ‪) :‬ﻓأٔ ْر َﺳ َﻞ ِﻛ ْﴪى إﱃ اﳌُﻮﺑَﺬان(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ َﺳ ٍ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫و�ﺎﳈُﻬﻢ �ا�ي ﯾ َ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺼ ُﻞ ﺑ ْيﳯَ ﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ لﻠ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮس‬ ‫ﺠﻮس ِ‬ ‫ﺬان‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻓَﻘي ُﻪ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌُﻮﺑ َ ُ‬
‫ﺬان واﳌ َ ْﻮﺑ َ ُ‬
‫ﻛﻘﺎﴈ اﻟ ُﻘﻀﺎ ِة لﻠ ُﻤﺴ ِﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻣﻮﺑَﺪ(؛ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )ﻣﻮ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ ّ :‬ا� ِ�ﻦ‪ ،‬و)ﺑَﺪ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫�ﺎ ِﻓﻆ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ) ُﻣﻮﺑَﺪان(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻮ َزج‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أ �ن ا ْﻣ َﺮ ٔأ ًة نَ َﺰ َﻋ ْﺖ ُﺧﻔ�ﻬﺎ ‪ٔ -‬أو َﻣ َﻮز َ�ﺎ‪َ -‬ﻓﺴ َﻘ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ َ ْﳇ ًﺒﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ َﻮز ُج‪ :‬اﳋ �ُﻒ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ َﻣﻮ ِاز َج‪ ،‬وﻣﻮ ِاز�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﻮزﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪.(mocak) :‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻮق‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪) :‬و ٔأ َ� َﺬ ِﲞﻄﺎ ِﻣﻪ ونَ َﺰ َع ُﻣﻮﻗَ ْيﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﻓﻮق اﳋ ُِّﻒ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ٔأ ْﻣﻮاق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮﻗﺎن‪ :‬اﳋ �ُﻒ ٔأو ﺧ �ُﻒ �َﻠﯿﻆٌ ﯾُﻠبَ ُﺲ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ ُ ُﻮق ٔأو اﳌ ُ ُ‬
‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺳ�ﯿﺪَ ﻩ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱ ٌﯿﺢ‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ �اﻟﺰ �‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻬﻮر ﻓيﻪ‪ُ ) :‬ﻣﻮزﻩ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ُ ) :‬ﻣﻮﻛﻪ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ �ن اﳌ َ ْﺸ َ‬
‫ٔأ ْﺻ َ� �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(mok) :‬وﻫﻮ ذو ِﺻ ٍ� ﺑـ)ﻣﻮزﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻮم‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ اﻟ ُﻌ َ ِﻧﺮ ّﯿ َِﲔ‪ْ :‬‬
‫)وﻗﺪ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬و ٔأﳖْ ٌﺎر ِﻣﻦ ﻋ ََﺴ ٍﻞ ُﻣ َﺼﻔ�ﻰ ِﻣﻦ ُﻣﻮ ِم اﻟ َﻌ َﺴﻞ(‪ ،‬وﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َوﻗَ َﻊ �ﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ِﺔ اﳌُﻮم(‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۹٦‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬اﳌُﻮ ُم‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﻮم(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣﲒاب‪:‬‬
‫ا�ن ِﻣﻦ اﳉﻨ�ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ اﳊ َْﻮ ِض‪َ �) :‬ﺸﺨ َُﺐ ﻓيﻪ ﻣﲒ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻊ ) ِﻣ ْﱥاب(‪:‬‬ ‫ﴫ ُف ِﻣﳯﺎ اﳌﺎ ُء‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌﲒ ُاب وا ِﳌ ْﱥ ُاب‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘنﺎ ُة ٔأو ا ��ﻧْﺒﻮﺑ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُ �‬
‫زاب‬‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬و)ا ِﳌ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻣﻮاز َ‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻊ )ﻣﲒاب(‪َ :‬ﻣيﺎز َ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣآٓز َ‬
‫راب(‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﳯ� ﺎ ﻟ َيﺴﺖ ﻓَﺼﯿ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وا ِﳌ ْﺰ ُ‬
‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ا ِﳌ ْﱥ ُاب ‪-‬واﳌﲒا ُب ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ -‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘﻠَ ٌﻒ ﻓيﻪ؛ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻌﺾ �َﺮاﻩ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ�ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻪ‬
‫ﻮﱊ ِﻣﻦ َو َز َب اﳌﺎ ُء‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺳﺎ َل‪،‬‬ ‫ﻈﻮر ِﻣﻦ ٔأ َزب اﳌﺎ ُء‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺟﺮى‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻪ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬ ‫ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫َﺮي ٔآﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﲒ آٓب(‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِﺷﻘ�ﲔِ ‪:‬‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬
‫)ﻣﲒ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻓﻌ ُﻞ ٔآ ْﻣ ٍﺮ ِﻣﻦ )ﻣﲒﯾﺪن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺑُ ْﻞ‪ ،‬و)آٓب(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌﺎ ِء‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ٔأزب ٔأو وزب؛ ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮﳖِ ﺎ ْ َ‬
‫�ﲑ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺑُ ِﻞ َ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮد ٍة ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(marzobo, marzibo) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘنﺎ ِة‪،‬‬ ‫زاب‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ا ِﳌ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻠﻮب ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬‫راب َﻣ ْﻘ ٌ‬‫وا ِﳌ ْﺰ ُ‬
‫ﻮﺳﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻣي ُْﺴ َ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ا ِ�ﻦ ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪)َ :‬ر ٔأى ِﰲ ﺑَيْ ِتﻪ اﳌَي ُْﺴ َ‬
‫ﻮﺳﻦ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﻫﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫اب ﺗ َِﻐﺴ ُﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻟ ِن ّﺴﺎ ُء ُﺷ َ‬
‫ﻌﻮر ّ‬ ‫ﻮﺳ ِﻦ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﳋ ِ‬
‫ُﻤﻮر‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ َﴍ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﴍ ُاب �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ) َﻣﻲ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ْ َ :‬ﲬ ٍﺮ‪َ ،‬‬
‫و)ﺳ ْﻮ َﺳ ٍﻦ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬اﻟﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ‬
‫اﳌ َ ْﻌﺮوف‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۹۷‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮﻥ‬

‫‪� -‬ﻗﻮس‪:‬‬
‫�ﻗﻮﺳﺎ ِﻣث َﻞ ِ‬
‫�ﻗﻮس اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى(‪.‬‬ ‫)اﲣﺬوا ً‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُ َﲻ َﺮ‪ِ � :‬‬
‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎت �‬ ‫ﺎﻗﻮس‪ :‬ﻫﻮ �ا�ي ﺗَ ِ‬
‫ﴬ ُب ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى ٔ� ْو ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻗﻮﺷﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪� -‬ﻣﻮس‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﺎ ٔأ �ن َو َرﻗ َﺔ َ�ﻦ ﻧ َْﻮﻓَ ٍﻞ ﻗﺎ َل لﻠﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ‪)) :‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫ﺎﻣﻮس‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ�ِﺸ َﺔ َر َ‬
‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫�ا�ي �أن ِﺰ َل �ﲆ ﻣﻮﳻ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪ْ َ � ،‬ﺸبﳱًﺎ � ﺑﻨﺎﻣ ِﻮس اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﰟ ِﳉ ْﱪﯾ َﻞ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬ ‫اﻟﴩﯾﻌ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وا ٌ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻮس‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫� �ﲆ ٔأ ْﴎ ِارﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨ ُْﺺ �ا�ي ﯾُﻄ ِﻠ ُﻌﻪ اﳌ َ ِ ُ‬‫�‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(٦...) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬نَ ْﺮد‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ َور َ‬
‫ﺳﻮ�(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َﻋﴡ َ‬ ‫�ﻟﲊ ِد ْ‬‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﻦ ﻟَ ِﻌ َﺐ � ْ‬
‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺿﯿﻒ إﻟﯿﻪ ُﻓﺴ ِّﻤﻲ‪:‬‬‫وﻗﺪ َوﺿَ َﻌﻪ �أ ْرد َِﺷ ُﲑ ُ�ﻦ �ﺑ َِﻚ؛ و ِﻟﻬﺬا ٔأ َ‬ ‫اﻟﲊدُ‪ :‬ﻟُ ْﻌﺒ ٌﺔ ﯾُﻠ َﻌ ُﺐ ﲠﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫‪ْ� -‬‬
‫نَ ْﺮد َِﺷﲑ‪.‬‬
‫�ﻟﲊد َِﺷ ِﲑ ﻓ�ٔﻧ �ﲈ َ َﲽ َﺲ ﯾَﺪَ ﻩ ﰲ ﻟَ ْﺤ ِﻢ ِ� ْﲋ� ٍﺮ و َد ِﻣﻪ(‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﻦ ﻟَ ِﻌ َﺐ � ْ‬
‫وﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬نﺮد(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﻧﯿﻮ ٔأردﺷﲑ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﺳﻘط ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۹۸‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬نَ ْﺮ َﻣﻖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﲊ َﻣﻖ(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎ� ِ�ﻦ َﺻ ْﻔﻮ َان ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َو َﺻ َﻒ ّ ِا� ْر َ َﱒ ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬ﯾُ ْﻄ ِﻌ ُﻢ ا�� ْر َﻣ َﻖ و�َ ْﻜﺴﻮ � ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎب؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﲊ َﻣ ُﻖ‪ :‬الﻠ � ِ ّ ُﲔ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬
‫‪ْ� -‬‬
‫ٔأ�َ �ﺪ ٔأﺧ ً‬
‫ْﻄﺎﻻ � ونَ ْﺮ َﻣﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺎﰪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬نَ ْﺮ َﻣﻪْ‪ /‬نَ ْﺮ ْم(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬الﻠ � ِ ّ ِﲔ اﻟﻨ� ِ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬نَ ْﺮ َﻣﻚ(‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧ ُ ِّﻤ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُ َﲻ َﺮ ِ�ﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻌﺰ� ِﺰ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧ �ﻪ َﻃﻠَ َﺐ ِﻣﻦ ا ْﻣ َﺮ ٔأ ِﺗﻪ ﻧ ُ ِّﻤ �ﯿ ًﺔ ٔأ ْو ﻧ َ َﻤﺎ ِﻣ �ﻲ‪ِ ،‬ﻟيَ ْﺸ َﱰ َي ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ِﻋﻨَ ًﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ ْﲅ َﳚ ِْﺪﻫﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫� اﳌَﻨﺎ ِذر ِة‪،‬‬‫ﻠﻮن ﲠﺎ ٔأ �� َم ُﻣ ْ ِ‬‫ﺻﺎص ٔأو ُﳓ ٍﺎس ﰷﻧﻮا ﯾ َ َﺘﻌﺎ َﻣ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� ِّﻤ �ﻲ واﻟ ِﻨّ ِّﻤ �ﻲ‪ :‬ﻧ ُﻘﻮ ٌد ِﻣﻦ َر ٍ‬
‫وﻧ ُ ِّﻤ �ﻲ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ِﻞ‪َ :‬ﻃ ْﺒ ُﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(nummus) :‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ �ﺎ ِ� اﳉ ّ َِﺮ‪.(nummi) :‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳍﺎء‬

‫‪ -‬ﻫ ُْﺮد‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻬ ُْﺮدُ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮُﰼُ ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ �د ٌة َﺻ ْﻔﺮا ُء ﯾُﺼ َﺒﻎ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﻓَ َي ْ ِﲋ ُل ِﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳌَﻨَ َﺎر ِة اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿﻀَ ﺎ ِء‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ِ �ﰶ ِد َﻣ ْﺸ َﻖ‪َ ْ ،‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ َﻣﻬ ُْﺮو َدﺗ ْ َِﲔ(‪ .‬ﱂ � ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫)ﻫﺮد(‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ ِ -‬ﳘﯿﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل َﻋﻄﺎ ٌء ﻓ� َ ِﳛ �ﻞ لﻠ ُﻤﺤ ِﺮ ِم ﻟُ ْب ُﺴﻪ‪) :‬ﯾ َ َﺘﺨَﱲ� ُ َوﯾَﻠبَ ُﺲ اﻟﻬِ ْﻤﯿﺎن(‪.‬‬
‫‪۱۹۹‬‬
 ‫�ط �ا�ي �ُﺸَ �ﺪ ﲠﺎ �‬
‫اﻟﴪاوﯾ ُﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أو ا ِﳌ ْﻨﻄﻘ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﺸَ �ﺪ �ﲆ َاﻟﻮ َﺳﻂِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﯿﺎن‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﻬِ ْﻤ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﺸﺪودًا �ﲆ َاﻟﻮ َﺳﻂِ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜيﺲ �ا�ي ُﲡ َﻌ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ اﻟﻨ�ﻘﻮ ُد و ُ‬‫ٔأو ُ‬
‫ﻫَﲈﯾِﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛيﺲ اﻟﻨ� َﻔﻘ ِﺔ �ا�ي �ُﺸَ �ﺪ �ﲆ َاﻟﻮ َﺳﻂ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪ْ ) :‬ﳘﯿﺎن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ‬

‫‪ -‬وا ِﻫﻒ‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ٔأ �ن ُ َﲻ َﺮ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ٔ�ﻫ ِْﻞ َ ْﳒﺮ َان‪) :‬ﻻ ُﳛ �ﺮكُ را ِﻫ ٌﺐ ﻋﻦ َرﻫْﺒﺎﻧي � ِتﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ وا ِﻫ ٌﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﳯﺎ ﻗﺎﻟَﺖ ﻋﻦ ٔأﰊ �َ ْﻜ ٍﺮ َر َ‬ ‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ �ﺎ�ِﺸ َﺔ َر َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َو ْﻫ ِﻔي� ِﺘ ِﻪ(‪ ،‬وﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ وﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻪ ر ٍاض‪َ ،‬ﻓﻄ �ﻮﻗﻪ َوﻫ َْﻒ ا ٔ�ﻣﺎﻧ ِﺔ‪� ،‬ﰒ َ‬
‫اﺿﻄﺮ َب َﺣب ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ِ‬‫))ﻗُب َِﺾ َر ُ‬
‫ّ ِا��ﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﰂ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻜنيﺴ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﰂ ﺑأٔ ْﻣ ِﺮ ّ ِا� ِ�ﻦ‪ ،‬واﳌَﺼﺪَ ُر ِﻣنﻪ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻮا ِﻫ ُﻒ واﻟﻮا ِﻓﻪُ‪ُ ِ :‬‬
‫)وﻫﻒ(‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻮﻫﺎﻓ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ُاﻟﻮ ْﻫ ِﻔي� ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻬِ ِّﻔي� ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ )وﻓﻪ(‪َ :‬اﻟﻮﻓﺎﻫ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و َاﻟﻮﻓْﻬِ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻫﻮﻓﺎدﯾﻘنﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺴﺎ ِ�ﺪُ َ �ﴰ ِﺎس اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻗتَ َﻄﻌﻮا ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎر‪) :‬وﻫﻒ(‪.‬‬ ‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ )ﻫﻮف(‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﻗَﻠَﺒﻮﻩ َﻣﲀ ِﻧ �ﯿﺎ َ‬

‫‪۲۰۰‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌُﻌﺠ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻸﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳌُﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‬

‫‪ -‬آٓب‪:‬‬
‫ﻬﻮر ا �ﻟﺸ ْﻤﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ) �أﻏُ ْﺴ ُﻄﺲ(‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬‫اﻟﺸﻬ ُْﺮ اﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِﻣ ُﻦ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫‪ -‬آ ٓ ُب‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ، :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬
‫"اﻟﻐ�"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْ� َﺮ ِﺷ� �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪ�ﺮﻫﺎ ا �� ْﺳ ُﻘ ُﻒ‪ ،‬و ِﻗ ْﺴ ٌﻢ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻗﺴﺎ ِم اﳌ َ ْﻤﻠَﻜ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْرﺑَﻌ ِﺔ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٔ� ْ� َﺮ ِﺷ� �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻨﻄﻘ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُ ُ‬
‫�اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪. (eparchia) :‬‬
‫�ﺰي‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ْ�ﺮ ُ�ﺰ‪ ،‬وا ٕﻻ ْ�ﺮ ّ‬
‫ﷲ‬‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪)) :‬ا �ٕن َ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫�ﺰي‪ :‬ا ��ﻫ َُﺐ اﳋﺎ ِﻟ ُﺺ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َ�ﺪُ ؛ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ْ� ِﺮ ُ�ﺰ وا ٕﻻ ْ�ﺮ �‬
‫ﺠﺮ ُب ٔأ َ�ﺪَ ﰼ �ﻟ َﺒﻼ ِء‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ُﳚ ّ ِﺮ ُب ٔأ َ�ﺪُ ﰼ َذ َﻫ َﺒﻪ �ﻟﻨ� ِﺎر؛ ِﳁﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ َﳜ ُﺮ ُج ﰷ ��ﻫ َِﺐ‬ ‫ﻟ ُﯿ ّ ِ‬
‫ا ٕﻻ ْ�ﺮ� ِﺰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬ� �ا�ي �ﳒﺎﻩ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ِﻣﻦ ا �ﻟﺴ ِيّئﺎت(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻔﺎت اﳊَﻮ ِاﺿ ِﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣﺰﯾ�ﻨ ٌﺔ � ٕﻻ ْ� ِﺮ ِز ِ ّي و َﺣ ْﺸ ُﻮﻫﺎ * َرﺿﯿ ُﻊ اﻟﻨ�ﺪى واﳌ ُ ِﺮﺷ ِ‬
‫ﻮﱊ إﱃ ُ ْﲺﻤ ِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أ�ﺮ�ﺰون(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺎر ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ واﻟ َﻔي� �‬‫ٔأ َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪:‬‬ ‫اﳋﺎ ِﻟ ُﺺ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﳌُﻤ ِﻜ ِﻦ ٔأن َ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺳﺎ ِﻛ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ )آٓب( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �اﻟﺮ ْوﻧ َِﻖ‪ ،‬و)ر�ﺰ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﺳﺎ ِﻛ ٍﺐ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫)آٓ�ﺮ�ﺰ(‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �‬
‫�اﻟﺮ ْوﻧ َِﻖ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْر َﺟ ُﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۰۱‬‬
 ‫‪ٔ -‬أ ْ�ﺰار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٔ� ْ� َﺰ ُار‪ :‬اﻟﺘ�ﻮا ِﺑ ُﻞ‪ ،‬وﻟَ ْﻔ ُﻈﻪ ُﻣ َﻔﺮ ٌد ﻟيﺲ َ ْﲨ ًﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑﻮي ٔأ�ﺰار(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ٔأدا ِة �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ ا �ﻟﻄ ّﯿِﺒ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)دﯾﻚ ٔأ�ﺰار(‪،‬‬
‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٔ :‬أدا ِة اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺪر‪.‬‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ْ�ﺰﱘ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴪجِ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٔ :‬أ�زﱘ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ْ� ِﺰ ُﱘ وا ٕﻻ ْ� ِﺰ ُ�ﻦ‪�َ :‬ﻠْﻘ ٌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ِﻟ ٌ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ ُ ْﲺﻤ َﺘﻪ ا �ٕﻻ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﯾَﺬ ُﻛ ْﺮ ٔأ َ� ٌﺪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﲱﺎ ِب اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻌﻞ )�َ َﺰ َم( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻋ �ﺾ ﲟُﻘ �ﺪ ِم ٔأ ْﺳ�ﻨﺎ ِﻧﻪ‪ ،‬و�ﲆ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ� ﻓﻠيﺲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ﻈﻮر ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬ ‫َﻣ ْن ٍ‬
‫�اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻻ ا ٔ��ز ُﱘ و ٔأ �ن ا ِﳌن ْ َﺴ�ﺎ‬
‫�ﱓ ﻋﻦ ا ِّ�ﺋﺒ ِﺔ ٔأن ﺗَ َﻔ �ﺮ�ﺎ‬
‫‪� -‬أ�ْ ِﺴ�ﺘﺎق‪:‬‬
‫اﳋﺎص ﺑ ِﺪ�ﻧ ِﺔ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮس‪.‬‬ ‫تﺎب �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ� ِ� ْﺴ�ﺘ ُﺎق‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أوﺳ�ﺘﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬أﺑُ ��‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ َﺣ َﺠ َﺮ ِ�ﻦ‪ُ ،‬وﳛﻠَ ُﺐ �ﻠﯿﻪ الﻠ � َ ُﱭ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ��ﺑُ � ُ�‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﻄﻌ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ� ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺗَ ْﻤ ٌﺮ �ُ َﺮ �ض ْ َ‬
‫ﲀن �ﻟ َﺒ ْﴫ ِة؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﰟ َﻣ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬
‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ُر �ض ِﻣﻦ زا ِد� * وﯾَأٔﰉ ا ��ﺑُ � َ� ﱂ �ُ ْﺮﺿَ ِﺾ‬ ‫ﻓ َيأٔ ُ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ� ََﺬﻩ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُس ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ﻓيﻪ ِﻗ �ﺼ ًﺔ؛ ٔأ �ن ا ْﻣﺮ ٔأ ًة‬
‫ﻠﻮن ﰲ ا ٔ� ْر ِض ُ �ﰒ ﯾَأٔﺗﻮﳖَ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﳁﺎﺗ َْﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔﺗَﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰷن اﻟ ُﻌ �ﻤ ُﺎل ﯾ َ ْﻌ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﻘﺎل ﻟﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﻫﻮ�( َ‬ ‫ﰷن ﯾُ ُ‬‫�ﲬﺎر ًة َ‬

‫‪۲۰۲‬‬
‫ﻓﲅ َﳚِﺪوﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﻫﻮب ﻟﯿﲀ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﱂ ﺗَ ُﻌ ْﺪ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮدةً‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻐﻠَ َﻄ ِﺖ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُس وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﻫﻮب‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ا ��ﺑُ ��‪.‬‬
‫ْﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ �ﻤﺎ َﻋ �ﺮ�َ ْﳤﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫‪� -‬أﺑِيﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻬﻮر اﳊ ّ َِﺮ‪ ،‬وﯾَﺒﺪَ �أ ِﻣﻦ ‪ ٨‬ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ إﱃ ‪ٔ ٦‬أﻏﺴﻄﺲ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ﰟ َﺷﻬْ ٍﺮ ِﻣﻦ ُﺷ ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬أﺑِيﺐ‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫ا�‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮ �‬
‫ﻬﯿﺐ * َ�ﻮ ْﻗﺪ ِة َﺣ ّ ِﺮ ِﻣﴪى ﻣ ْﻊ �أﺑ ِ‬
‫ِيﺐ‬ ‫ﻓُﺆادي ِﻣﻦ ُذﻧﻮﰊ ﰲ ﻟَ ٍ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬أﺑﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﴬﺑُﻪ‬
‫ﺎﻗﻮس وﯾ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﺴ ُﻚ َﻋﺼﺎ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬و �ا�ي ﯾُ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ�ﺑﯿ ُﻞ‪� :‬اﻟﺮا ِﻫ ُﺐ‪َ ،‬ور ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼ ِة‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ٔ " :‬آﺑﯿﻠﻮن"‪ ،‬و"آٓ�ل"‪ ،‬و" �آﺑُﻞ"‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ‬ ‫ﻟ َﯿ ْﺪ َﻋﻮ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى إﱃ �‬
‫ِﯿﲇ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‬ ‫ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ٔ :‬أﯾْ َﺒ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬و ٔأﯾْ ُﺒ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬و ٔأﯾ َ َﺒ �ﲇ‪ ،‬و ٔأﯾْ ُﺒ ِ �ﲇ‪ ،‬و َﻫ ْﯿ َﺒ �ﲇ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺑُ ِ �ﲇ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺑ ِ �‬
‫ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‪ٔ :‬أﺑ َ َﻞ ﯾأٔﺑُ ُﻞ ٔأ� ً�‪ :‬إذا �َﺮﻫ َ�ﺐ وﺗَن َ �ﺴ َﻚ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �َ ِﺪ �ي ُ�ﻦ زﯾ ٍﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﻞ ُﳇ�ﲈ �‬
‫ﺻﲆ َ�أ� ْر‬ ‫ﻓﺎﲰ ْﻊ َ� ِﻠﻔﻲ * ﺑأ� ٍ‬ ‫وﷲ ْ َ‬ ‫ٕاﻧ �ﲏ ِ‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻗﻮس اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى ٔأﺑﯿﻠُﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ�ﻦ َﻋﺸ� �ﯿ ًﺔ * وﻣﺎ َﺻ �ﻚ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِﺎ� َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ِ ّٕﱐ َور ِ ّب �‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل َ ْﲻ ُﺮو ُ�ﻦ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﳊ ّ َِﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﻠﲔ اﳌَﺴ َ‬
‫�ﯿﺢ َ�ﻦ َﻣ ْﺮﯾَﲈ‬ ‫ﰻﻫ َ ٍ‬
‫َﯿﲁ * ٔأﺑﯿ َﻞ ا ٔ� َ‬ ‫ْﺒﺎن ﰲ ِ ّ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ﻗَﺪ َ�س �اﻟﺮﻫ ُ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻠﲔ‪� :‬يﴗ ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َ َﱘ �ﻠﯿﻪ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫و ٔأﺑﯿ ُﻞ ا ٔ� َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(abilo) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﳊَﺰ ُ�ﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﰾ؛ ٔ� �ن �اﻟﺮا ِﻫ َﺐ ﯾ َ ْﺒﲄ �ﲆ ُذﻧﻮﺑِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫وﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ ّ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۰۳‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬آٓﺑُﻨﻮس‪:‬‬
‫ﻔﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻬﺎ ُم وا ِﳉ ُ‬‫اﻟﺸ َﺠ ِﺮ ﺗُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣنﻪ ِ ّ‬
‫ِﻨﻮس‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �‬‫ﻨﻮس وا�ٓﺑ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ٓﺑُ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ُ�ﻦ اﻟﻌ �ﺒ ِﺎس‬‫�ﻟﺼﻼﺑ ِﺔ واﻟ ُﻘ �ﻮ ِة‪ُ ،‬ﳚﻠَ ُﺐ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ِ‬
‫ﺮوف �‬ ‫اﳋَﺸَ ِﺐ َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫ِ�ﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻀْ ِﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﯿﺐ ُﻣ َﻔﻀ� ٍﺾ آٓﺑ ِ‬
‫ِﻨﻮس‬ ‫ﯾ َ َﺘ �ثﲎ ُﲝ ْﺴ ِﻦ ﺟي ِﺪ ﻏَﺰالٍ * ذي َﺻ ٍ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ�ﺑِﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٔ��ﺑ ُِﻚ‪ :‬ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ُﻣ َﺮ ِ ّﰊ ا �� َﻣﺮا ِء‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ �أﻃ ِﻠ َﻖ �ﲆ ُﻣﺪ ِ�ّ ِﺮ ا�� ْو�‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ٔ :‬أ َب ا ٔ�ﻣﲑ‪.‬‬‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟﺘ� َﱰﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْ� ُﺮ ّج‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻮن‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪ْ ُ� :‬ﺮ ُ �ﳒ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و �أ ْ� ُﺮ �� ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪" :‬اﳌ ُ ْﺘ ُﻚ"؛‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٔ��ُ ُﺮ �ج‪ :‬ﺛَ َﻤ ٌﺮ ِﻣﻦ ِ�نْ ِﺲ الﻠ � ْﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل �َﻠْ َﻘﻤ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪةَ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﲑ ﲠﺎ * ٔ� �ن ﺗَﻄﯿﺎﲠَ ﺎ ﰲ ا ٔ�ﻧ ِْﻒ َﻣ ْﺸﻤﻮ ُم‬ ‫َﳛ ِﻤﻠْ َﻦ �أ ْ� ُﺮ �� ًﺔ ﻧَﻀْ ُﺢ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺴﲅ ُ�ﻦ َاﻟﻮﻟﯿ ِﺪ‪:‬‬
‫َﻘﻮل‪� :‬أ ْ� ُ ﻧﺮ ٌْﺞ و�ُ ُ ﻧﺮْﺞ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُﻣ ِ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﺗ ُ‬
‫وﲺﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ َْﺞ َﲢ �ﯿ ًﺔ * و َﻣ �ﻦ ﲟﺎ ﳞَ ْﻮى �ﻠﯿ ِﻪ َ �‬ ‫ﷲ َﻣﻦ ٔأﻫْﺪى � ُ ﻧ‬ ‫َﺟﺰى ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(etrovga) :‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪� -‬أﺗﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻮن ُﻣﺨﻔ� ٌﻒ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﺗ ِ‬
‫�ﻮن‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ �أ�ُ ٍﻦ‪ ،‬و ٔأ�ﺗﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮن‪َ :‬ﻣﻮ ِﻗﺪُ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎر‪ ،‬وا �� ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ا �� ُ‬

‫‪۲۰٤‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻮ�(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ‬ ‫َﺮي؛ ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬وﯾُ ُ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣﱰ �د ٌد ﰲ َﻋﺮﺑي � ِتﻪ‪َ� ،‬ﺮ �د َد ﻓيﻪ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﺴﺎن‪) :‬وﻻ أ ْٔﺣ َﺴ� ُﺒﻪ‬ ‫و�ﺎء ﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﲱ ُﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ(‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮن ‪ ...‬ﻓﻼ ٔأدْري ﻣﺎ ِ �‬ ‫د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪) :‬ﻓأٔ �ﻣﺎ ا �� ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(atouno) :‬‬ ‫َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﺛﲑ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٔ� ُﺛﲑ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺣي ِﺔ اﻟ َﻔﻠْ َﺴﻔي� ِﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳌﺎ �د ُة ا ٔ� ْﺻﻠ �ﯿ ُﺔ لﻠﻌﺎﻟَ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ِء‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ٔأﻧْﻘﻰ‬
‫َﻄﲑ وﻟﻬﺎ ر ِاﲘ ٌﺔ َذ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ� ٍﺔ ﰲ اﳉ َِّﻮ و ٔأ ْ�ﻼﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﻜﳰﯿﺎ ِء ﯾُ َﻘﺼﺪُ ﺑﻪ َﻣﻮا �د آ آ ِﻟ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﺗ ُ‬
‫�ﲢﺎ ِد اﳊَﻮا ِﻣ ِﺾ ﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ُﻜﺤﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﻮل‪ٔ ،‬أو ِ ّ‬ ‫ﴬ ﺑ َﻌ ْﺰ ِل اﳌﺎ ِء ﻋﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ِ‬ ‫و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْﺤ َ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ (aither) :‬ﻣﻦ )‪ٔ ،(aitho‬أي‪ :‬ا ْ� َ َﱰ َق وﻟَ َﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ��ﺎر‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬‫�ﺎ�ﲑ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫�ﺎﺟﺮ ٍة‪ ،‬و ٔأ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻄ ُﺢ �ا�ي ﻟيﺲ �ﻠﯿﻪ ُﺳ ْﱰ ٌة‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ٔ :‬أ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ �� ُﺎر‪� :‬‬
‫ﻮق و�ﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬‫ﷲﷺﰲ �‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻬِ ْﺠﺮ ِة‪) :‬ﻓتَﻠﻘ�ﻰ اﻟﻨ� ُﺎس َرﺳﻮ َل ِ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫�ت �ﲆ ٕا �� ٍﺎر ﻟيﺲ َﺣ ْﻮ َ� ﻣﺎ �َ ُﺮ �د ﻗَﺪَ َﻣيﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫�ﺎ�ﲑ(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ِ‬
‫�َ ِﺮﺋ َ ْﺖ ِﻣنﻪ ا ِّ� �ﻣﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫�ﺎز‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ ْﲪَﺪُ ُ�ﻦ ﻓﺎ ِر ٍس ٔأ �ن ا ٕﻻ �� َﺎر ﻟُ َﻐ ٌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم وا ِﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟُﻐ ُﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ �‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫�ﺎزﯾ�ﻮن‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﻓْﺮا ُم ا ٔ� �و ُل‪) :‬و ِﻣﻦ اﳌ َ ْﻌﻠﻮ ِم ٔأ �ن اﳌُﺮا َد �لﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ُ ،‬ورﺑ�ﲈ �َﳫ� َﻢ ﲠﺎ ا ِﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(egoro) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣي� ِﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ ا�ٓراﻣي� ُﺔ � ْ‬ ‫�‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ��ﺎص‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم ﯾُﻄ ِﻠﻘﻮﻧ َﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﳬ� ْﱶى‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻫ ُﻞ �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ �� ُﺎص‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِﻛﻬ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ُ‬
‫�ﲆ ا ِﳌ ْﺸ ِﻤ ِﺶ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َﻔﺮدُﻩ‪ٕ :‬ا ��ﺎﺻ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬واﻻ ْٕﳒ ُﺎص ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ ﺗَﻘﻮﻟُﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأ َﻣي� ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ‬
‫ٔأﰊ اﻟﻌﺎﺋِ ِﺬ اﻟﻬُ َﺬ �ﱄ ﯾ َ ِﺼ ُﻒ ﺑ َ َﻘﺮةً‪:‬‬
‫ا� ا ٕﻻ �� ِﺎص‬ ‫اﱒ ﳇ�ﻬﺎ * ﺑﻠَﻮا ِﻗ ٍﺢ ك َﺤﻮ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮ ِ َ‬ ‫ﯾ َ َﱰﻗ� ُﺐ اﳋ َْﻄ َﺐ �‬

‫‪۲۰٥‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِد ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ؛ ٔ� �ن اﳉ َﲓ ﻻ َ ْﲡ ِﳣ ُﻊ ﻣ َﻊ �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ ﻓﺎ ِر ٍس واﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﺮب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪َ ) :‬ﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱ ٌﯿﺢ(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪) :‬ﻓأٔ �ﻣﺎ ا ٕﻻ �� ُﺎص ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(agoco) :‬‬ ‫ﲱ ُﺘﻪ(‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫وﻻ ٔأدْري ﻣﺎ ِ �‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ��ﺎﻧﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬اﻻ ْٕﳒﺎﻧ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ��ﺎﻧ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأﻓْ َﺼ ُﺤﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫ُﻐﺴ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ��ﺎﻧ ُﺔ‪ِ :‬و�ﺎ ٌء ﺗ َ‬
‫ا ٕﻻ ��ﺎﻧ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٔ :‬أ ِ‬
‫�ﺎ�ﲔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،agonto ،agono :‬‬ ‫�ﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ � �ٕﰷﻧﻪ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫ﺮب‪) :‬وﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ا �ﻟﺴﺎﻣي�ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﲈت اﳌ ُ ْﺸ َﱰﻛ ِﺔ ْ َ‬
‫ا�ﳫ ِ‬ ‫وﻟَ �ﻌ� ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬آ ٓ ُﺟ ّﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ا�ٓ ُﺟ �ﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ٓ ُﺟ �ﺮ‪� :‬اﻟﱰ ُاب �ا�ي ُﳛ َ ُﲂ َ ْﲺ ُﻨﻪ وﺗَ ْﻘﺮ ُﯾﺼﻪ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ُﳛ َﺮ ُق‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﺮون؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔآﺑﻮ دوا َد اﻻ �‬
‫ٕ�دي‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮون‪ ،‬وا�ٓ ِﺟ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺎﺟﻮر‪ ،‬وا�ٓ ُﺟ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻮر‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫وا�ٓ ُﺟ ُﺮ‪ ،‬وا�ٓ ُ‬
‫ﻼط � ُﺸﺎ ُد ��ٓ ُﺟ ِ‬
‫ﺮون‬ ‫ُﴬ * وﺑ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﰷن ذا َﻛﺘﺎﺋِ َﺐ ﺧ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻟﻘﺪ َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬آٓﮔﻮر(‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ا �ٕن ٔآ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ْﺧﺸ�ﯿﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﻮك‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ َﻘ ُﺐ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤ ِﺪ ِ�ﻦ ُﻃﻐُﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫� اﳌ ُ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ْﺧ ِﺸ�ﯿﺪُ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﺑﻠُﻐ ِﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ﻓَ ْﺮ�ﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬أﺧ ُْﻄﺒﻮط‪:‬‬
‫ﺮي ذو ا ٔ� ْر ُ� ِﻞ اﻟﺜ�ﲈﻧﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻮط‪ :‬اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ُان اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ��ﺧ ُْﻄ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(٧...) :‬‬

‫‪ -۷‬ﺳﻘط ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۰٦‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬آٓﺧُﻮر �ﺎ ِّﻣ �ﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺧُﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ﲀن اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺪ لﻠ َﺨ ْﯿ ِﻞ )ا ٕﻻ ْﺻ َﻄ ْﺒ ُﻞ(‪ ،‬و َد َ� َﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣي� َﺔ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺧُﻮر‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ٓﺧ ُُﻮر‪ :‬اﳌ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬آٓﺧﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ٕ -‬اد َْرون‪:‬‬
‫ون‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﻌﻠَ ُﻒ ا�� و ِ ّاب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َاﻟﻮ َﻃﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻد َْر ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬اﻧﺪر(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا�� ا ِ� ِﻞ ٔأو )ﰲ(‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬آٓذار‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬ ُْﺮ اﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِﻟ ُﺚ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ �ﺴ�ﻨ ِﺔ ا �ﻟﺸ ْﻤﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ )ﻣﺎرس(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ وا ِ� ٌﺪ وﺛَ َ‬
‫ﻼﺛﻮن ﯾ َ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ذار‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬آٓ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �اﻟﺮﺑﯿ ُﻊ ﰲ اﳊﺎدي واﻟ ِﻌ ْﴩ َ�ﻦ ِﻣنﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺑِﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬آ ٓ َذ ْرﯾَﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﺪون ﻓيﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻮن‪َ :‬زﻫ ٌْﺮ ﻟَ ْﻮﻧ ُﻪ ٔآ ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ ﰲ َو َﺳ ِﻄﻪ َ ْﲬ ٌﻞ ٔآ ْﺳ َﻮدُ‪ ،‬وﺗ ُِّﻌﻈ ُﻤﻪ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُس وﯾَﻌ َﺘ ِﻘ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬آ ٓ َذ ْر ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮل ا ُ�ﻦ اﳌ ُ َ ِّ‬
‫ﻌﱱ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﱪﻛ َﺔ؛ ِ�ا ﯾَﻀَ ﻌﻮﻧ َﻪ َ�ﻠْ َﻒ �أ ُذﳖِ ﻢ؛ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﻘيﻖ ﰲ ﻗَﺮارﲥِ ﺎ ِﺗ ْ ُﱪ‬ ‫ك�ٔ ِس َﻋ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق �أ ُذ ِﻧ ِﻪ * َ‬
‫ردف آ ٓ َذ ْرﯾﻮﻧ ًﺔ َ‬
‫و ٔآ َ‬
‫وﱊ‪:‬‬‫وﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ �اﻟﺮ ِّ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ُﺲ ﻓيﻪ ﰷ ِﻟﯿ ْﻪ‬ ‫ٔ� �ن آ ٓ َذ ْرﯾﻮﳖَ ﺎ * و �‬
‫َﻣﺪا ِﻫ ٌﻦ ِﻣﻦ َذﻫ ٍَﺐ * ﻓﳱﺎ ﺑَﻘﺎ� �ﺎ ِﻟﯿ ْﻪ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬آٓذرﮔﻮن‪ٔ ،‬آي‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﻮ ُن اﻟﻨ�ﺎر‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۰۷‬‬
 ‫‪ٕ -‬اران‪:‬‬
‫�ﺑﻮت اﻟ َﻌﻬْ ِﺪ ﻟ َﺒﲏ ا ْٕﴎاﺋﯿ َﻞ؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﻃ َﺮﻓ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ‬ ‫�ﺑﻮت اﳌ َ ْﻮﰏ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻر ُان‪ُ :‬‬
‫اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮن ��ﻟْﻮاحِ اﻻر ِان � َ َﺴأ�ﲥُ ﺎ * �ﲆ ﻻ ِﺣ ٍﺐ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ َﻇﻬ ُْﺮ �ُ ْﺮ ُ� ِﺪ‬ ‫�أ ٍ‬
‫�‬
‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬إ�ﺮون(‪ ،‬وﱂ � ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕرِﺗﻮ ِاز ّي‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﯾ َ ِﺼ َﻞ إﱃ ا ِﳌﯿﺎ ِﻩ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �� ْرِﺗﻮ ِاز �ي‪ِ :‬ﺻﻔ ٌﺔ لﻠﺒ ْ ِِﱤ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒ ْ ُِﱤ ا �� ْرِﺗﻮ ِازﯾ � ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺑ ْ ٌِﱤ ُﲢ َﻔ ُﺮ ﲟِﺜ َﻘ ٍﺐ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮاﺋِ ِﻞ‬‫ُﺆﺳ ُﺲ �ﲆ ﻧ ََﻈﺮﯾ � ِﺔ ُﺳﻄﻮحِ �‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮ ٍة‪ ،‬وﱔ اﻟﺒ ْ ُِﱤ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ �‬ ‫اﳉ َْﻮﻓي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓتَ َﺘﺪﻓ � ُﻖ �‬
‫ﺘﻄﺮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ا ٔ�واﱐ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ� َ‬
‫ﺴﻮب ﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ِﺔ )‪ ،(artois‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ث‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣنْ ٌ‬
‫‪� -‬أ ُر ّز‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪� :‬أ ُر �ز‪ ،‬و �أ ُر ٌز‪ ،‬و �أ ُر ٌز‪ ،‬و �أ ْر ٌز‪ُ ،‬ور �ز‪،‬‬ ‫ﺆﰻ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �� ُر �ز‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﳊُ ِ‬
‫ﺒﻮب ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ﻟُﻐ ُﺔ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻘيْ ِﺲ‪ ،‬والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﳌ َ ْﺸﻬﻮر ُة ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳋَﻮ ّ ِاص‪:‬‬ ‫ُور ْن ٌﺰ‪ ،‬والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫�أ ُر �ز‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮ �ز ﱔ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﳌ َ ْﺸﻬﻮر ُة ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ َﻌﻮا ِّم؛ ﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺰ‪:‬‬
‫� �َﻠﯿﲇ ُ ْ‬
‫ﰻ ا َٕو �ز ْة‬
‫ذان ُرْن َﺰ ْة‬
‫وا ْﺟ َﻌ ِﻞ اﳊ َْﻮ َ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ ‪ ،oryza‬وﻫﻮ دَﺧي ٌﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﺘ�ﺎ ِﻣﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟُﻐ ُﺔ ِﻣ ْﺪر َاس ﰲ َﺟ ِ‬
‫نﻮب اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻓﳱﺎ‪:‬‬
‫) �أ ِر ِس(‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﻟﯿﻮ� ِ ّﱐ ‪� riz‬ﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و‪� rice‬ﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و‪ٕ � riso‬ﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫و‪�ٔ � reis‬ﻟْﲈﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۰۸‬‬
 ‫‪ٔ -‬أرﮔﯿ�‪� ،‬رﮔﯿ�‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٔ�رﮔﯿ ُ� واﻟﻨ�ﺎرﮔﯿ ُ�‪ :‬آ آ ُ� ﺗ َْﺪ�ﲔِ اﻟﺘ�نْبﺎك‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ :‬أرﮔﯿﻞ‪ ،‬و�رﮔﯿﻞ‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﻮ َز اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � َ‬
‫ﻮن � ُﺴ �ﻤﻮﻧ َﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫َﺟ ْﻮزة‪.‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ َ ﻧرْﺪَ ج‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﲑْﺪَ ُج‪ :‬ا ِﳉ ْ ُ� ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮدُ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ� َ ﻧرْﺪَ ُج و َ َﻧ‬
‫ﲀف ُﳜﺎ ِﻟﻂُ َﻋ ْﻈ ِﻠﲈ‬ ‫ﴪﺑ َ َﻞ ﲢ َﺘ ُﻪ * ٔأ َ ﻧرْﺪَ َج ا ْٕﺳ ٍ‬ ‫�ﻠﯿﻪ دَ�ﺑﻮ ٌذ � َ َ ْ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ َ :‬ﻧ‬
‫)رْﺪَ ْﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أزاذ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٔ�زا ُذ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ� ْﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬آٓزاد(‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﻪ‪ :‬اﳋﺎ ِﻟ ُﺺ ٔآو اﳌ ُ �ﱪ �آ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌﯿﻮب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕز ِﻣيﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ِﻼل ﺗُﻮﺿَ ُﻊ ﰲ َﻃ َﺮ ِف ُر ْﻣ ٍﺢ َﻟﺼ ْﯿ ِﺪ ﺑ َ َﻘ ِﺮ َاﻟﻮ ْﺣ ِﺶ‪ ،‬وﱔ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻻ ْٕز ِﻣي ُﻞ‪�َ :‬ﺪﯾﺪ ٌة َﺷبﳱ ٌﺔ �ﻟﻬ ِ‬
‫ﰻ؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ُة ُ�ﻦ ا �ﻟﻄ ِ‬
‫ﺒيﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫ا ِﳌ ْﻄ َﺮﻗ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ اﻻ ْٕزﻣي ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺷﺪﯾﺪُ ا�ٔ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴫ ِف ا ْٕزﻣي ُﻞ‬‫�َ ْﲑاﻧ ٌﺔ ﯾَنْتﺤﻲ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْر ِض َﻣ ِنﺴ ُﻤﻬﺎ * ﻛﲈ اﻧْ َﺘﺤﻰ ﰲ ٔأد ِﱘ � ْ‬
‫�ﲑ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺢ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪(smill-ee) :‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ْ ُ‬‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫و)‪ (smill-on‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﺷ ْﻔﺮ ِة ا ِﳊﺬاء‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۰۹‬‬
 ‫‪� -‬أ ْﺳ�ﺘﺎذ‪:‬‬
‫َﴢ؛‬ ‫ﻤﻮن ﺑﻪ اﳋ ِ �‬ ‫�ﻟﴚ ِء‪ ،‬وﰷﻧﻮا ﯾُ ِّﻌﻈ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎ� ِﺔ واﳌﺎ ِﻫ ُﺮ �‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﲅ َور ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �� ْﺳ�ﺘﺎ ُذ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ِ ّ ُ‬
‫وﰷن‬
‫ﰷﻓﻮر‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘنﱯ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َو َﺻ َﻒ ﲠﺎ اﳌ ُ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﲈن �ُ َ ِﺮ�ّﳱﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ﯾ َ ِﺪﻩ ِ�ﻠْ ٌ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫ُﻣ َﺮ ِ ّ َﰊ ٔأ ْوﻻ ِد ا ٕﻻ ْﺧﺸ�ﯿ ِﺪ‪:‬‬
‫دﯾﺐ‬‫� ا ٔ� ْﺳ�ﺘﺎ ُذ ُﻣ ْﻜ ِﳤ ًﻼ * ﻗ ْب َﻞ ا ْﻛﳤِ ﺎلٍ ٔأ َدﯾ ًﺒﺎ ﻗ ْب َﻞ ﺗَأٔ ِ‬ ‫�َ َﺮﻋ َْﺮ َع اﳌ َ ِ ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻌﲅ واﳌﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ َﺑﺼ ْﻨﻌ ِﺘﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﱔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� ) :‬أ ْﺳ�ﺘﺎد( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ِ ّ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ًﺔ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ًﺔ �ﲀﻧﺖ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ )ﺳ�ﺘﺬ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َﻟﯿﻼ �ﲆ َﻛ ْﻮ ِن َ ِ‬ ‫د ً‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﲔ وا ��ا َل ﻻ َ ْﲡ َﺘ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﻮﱊ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺮوف ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬ ‫�ﲑ َﻣ ْﻌ ٍ‬ ‫َ� ْﺬ ٌر ْ ُ‬
‫ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ْﺳ�ﺘﺎر‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ٔ :‬أ ُ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺗﲑ؛‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ْﺳ� ُﺘﺎر‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِد‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْرﺑَﻌ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ را ِﺑ ُﻊ ٔأ ْرﺑَﻌ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ورا ِﺑ ُﻊ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِم‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﴩ ﻣﺎ ا ْﺳ� ِ‬
‫ﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻌﯿﺚ َ �‬‫ﻌﯿﺚ و �أ �ﻣ ُﻪ * و �أ� اﻟ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫ا �ن اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ْزد ََق واﻟ َﺒ َ‬
‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﺧ َْﻄ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎر ﻟَﺌ ُﲓ‬
‫ﻟَ َﻌ ْﻤ ُﺮك ٕا ِﻧ ّﲏ واﺑْ َ ْﲏ ُﺟ َﻌ ْﯿ ٍﻞ * و �أ �ﻣﻬُﲈ ٕﻻ ْﺳ� ٌ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭼﻬﺎر(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٔ :‬أ ْرﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ٕﴎْﺞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ْ ِﻧ‬
‫�ﺮي‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮوق؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨَ ْﻮ �‬ ‫ﺻﺎص اﳌ َ ْﺤ ِ‬ ‫ٕﴎ ُْﺞ‪ِ :‬ﺻ ْﺒ ٌﻎ ٔأ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻻ ْ ِﻧ‬
‫ٕﴎ ْ ِﳒ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻻزو ْر ٍد وﻓَ ْﲑ َوزجٍ * وﻣﺎذﯾﻨَ ِﺞ الﻠ � ْﻮ ِن ا ْ ِ‬
‫إﱃ َ‬
‫)ﴎْﺞ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﺻ ْﺒ ٌﻎ ٔأ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ َﻣ ْﺼﻨﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ َﺣﺮ ِﯾﻖ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎص‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ِ :‬ﻧ‬
‫)ﴎخ(‪ٔ ،‬آي‪ٔ :‬آ ْ َﲪ َﺮ‪ ،‬و)آٓﻧ ُﻚ(‪ٔ ،‬آي‪� :‬اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟ ِﻘ ِﲇ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬
‫‪۲۱۰‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺳﻄﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﴤ‬ ‫ﻄﺎر‪ :‬ﻧ َ ْﻘ ٌﺪ ِﻣﻦ َذﻫ ٍَﺐ ٔأو ِﻓﻀ� ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ا ��ﻫ �َﱯ ِﻣنﻪ � ُﺴﺎوي ِﻋ ْﴩ َ�ﻦ ِد ْر َ ًﳘﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻔ ِ ّ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻻ ْٕﺳ ُ‬
‫� ُﺴﺎوي ٔأ ْرﺑَﻌ َﺔ َدر ِ َ‬
‫اﱒ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(state-er) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻧ َ ْﻘ ٍﺪ � َو ْز ٌن ُﻣ� �ﺪ ٌد ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﻫ َِﺐ ٔأو‬
‫اﻟ ِﻔﻀ� ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْﺳ ُﻄ ْﺮﻻب‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈ ِوﯾ � ِﺔ‪،‬‬‫ﻔﺎ�ﺎت ا ٔ� ْﺟﺮا ِم �‬ ‫ﻻب‪ٌ �ِ :‬ﺎز ا ْﺳ� َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ� اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ُء ﰲ َ ْﲢﺪﯾ ِﺪ ْارِﺗ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �� ْﺳ ُﻄ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻻب‬ ‫ﻬﺎت ا ٔ� ْﺻﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َاﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِﺖ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ َﻣﻮ ِاﺿﻊ ِ اﻟ َﻜﻮا ِﻛ ِﺐ و َﺣ َﺮﻛﳤِ ﺎ‪ ،‬وا �� ْﺻ ُﻄ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫وا ِﳉ ِ‬
‫ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(Astron) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ْﺠ ِﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻜﻮ َﻛ ِﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي ﰲ َﻛ ْﻮﳖِ ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ًﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫و)‪ٔ ،(lambanein‬أي‪ٔ :‬أ ْ� ٌﺬ؛ ﻓﻬيﻲ‪ٔ :‬أ� ُْﺬ اﻟ َﻜﻮ َﻛ ِﺐ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺰ �‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴏﺣﻮا ﺑأٔﳖ� ﺎ روﻣي� ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪� :‬‬ ‫)ﻓﺎ �ٕن ٔأ ْﻫ َﻞ اﻟﻬَ ْﯿﺌ ِﺔ َ �‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْﺳﻄﻮل‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﻮل‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا �ﻟﺴ ُﻔ ِﻦ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﺒ ِﺤ ُﺮ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮا ٌء ﰷﻧ َﺖ لﻠ َﺤ ْﺮ ِب ٔأو لﻠ ِﺘّ�ﺎر ِة‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �� ْﺳ ُ‬
‫ﻄﻮل اﳉ َِّﻮ ِ ّي‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٔ :‬أﺳﺎﻃﯿ ُﻞ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎ�ِﺮ ِات ﻟ �� ْﺳ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻨ� ْﻘ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ِﺔ �‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ا�ٓ ِﻣ ِﺪ �ي‪:‬‬
‫�أ ْ ِﲺ ْﺐ ﺑأ� ْﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻄﻮل اﻻٕﻣﺎ ِم ُﻣﺤ �ﻤ ٍﺪ * و ُﲝ ْﺴ� ِﻨ ِﻪ َوزﻣﺎ ِﻧ ِﻪ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ� َ‬
‫ﺘﻐﺮ ِب‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(stol-os) :‬‬

‫‪۲۱۱‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ا ْﺳ َﻔنْﺞ‪:‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﺮي ﻧ َﺒﺎ �ﰐ‪ِ ،‬رﺧ ُْﻮ ا ِﳉ ْﺴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ذو َﻣﺴﺎ �م واﺳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠ ُﻖ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻔنْ ُﺞ‪َ :‬ﺣ َيﻮ ٌان َ ْﲝ �‬
‫ﺜﲑ اﳌَﺴﺎ ِّم و ِاﺳ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ْ ُ � ،‬ﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑ ِِﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻛ ُ‬ ‫�ﲆ ِﺟ ْﺴ ٍﻢ ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان �‬
‫ﺼﺎﺻﻪ لﻠﲈ ِء‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪ :‬ا ْٕﺳ َﻔنْ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮ ِة ا ْﻣ ِت ِ‬
‫ﻈﯿﻒ �‬ ‫� ْﺳ� ِﺘﺤﲈ ِم واﻟﺘ� ْﻨ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(spoggos) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ْﻨ َﻌ ِﴫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺳ َﻔنْﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل � ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﰟ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْ�ﲆ اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ و ٔأ ْﺻﻔﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻔنْﻂُ‪ :‬ا ٌ‬
‫اﻻ ْٕﺳ َﻔ ْنﺪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻل‬‫ﺘﯿﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﻻ ْٕﺳ‪... * ...‬ﻓَنْﻂِ َﻣ ْﻤﺰو� ٌﺔ ﲟﺎ ٍء ُز ِ‬ ‫و ٔ� �ن اﳋَ ْﻤ َﺮ اﻟ َﻌ َ‬
‫يﺖ‪ٔ :‬أﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِﻜّ ِ‬
‫ﻌﻲ وا ِ�ﻦ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﲳ ِّ‬‫و�ﺎء ﻋﻦ ا ٔ� ْ َ‬ ‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺳﻔيﺪاج‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎر‪.‬‬‫ﻬﺎن" �َﻜ ُت ُﺐ ﺑﻪ ّ ِ‬ ‫وﻃﲔ ُﳚﻠَ ُﺐ ِﻣﻦ " ٔأ ْﺻ َﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎص‪ٌ ،‬‬ ‫ﻔيﺪاج‪َ :‬رﻣﺎ ُد �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻻ ْٕﺳ ُ‬
‫)اﺳﻔيﺪاب(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌﺎ ُء ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ :‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺳﲀف‪:‬‬
‫ﻔﺎف‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ �أﻃ ِﻠ َﻘ ْﺖ �ﲆ ُﻣﺼ ِﻠ ِﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﻧ ُﻊ اﳊﺎ ِذ ُق‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﺻﺎ ِﻧﻊ ِ ا ِﳋ ِ‬ ‫ﲀف‪� :‬‬‫‪ -‬اﻻ ْٕﺳ ُ‬
‫ﻜﻮف‪ ،‬وا �� ْﺳ َﻜ ُﻒ‪ ،‬وا �� ْﺳ ُﻜ �ﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ا �� ْﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻌﺎل وا ٔ� ْ�ﺬﯾ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻨّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ �ﲀ ُف‪ ،‬واﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ َﻜ ُﻒ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ٔ :‬أﺳﺎ ِﻛﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫و �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ْﻔ ْﺶ �ﺮ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﻧ ُﻊ ِ�ﺬاء‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۱۲‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺳ َﻜنْﺪَ ر‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﲈل � ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ‬
‫ﴫﻩ �ﲆ � ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺳ َﻜنْ ُﺪر و ٔأ ْﺳ َﻜنْﺪَ ُر‪ٌ َ َ� :‬ﲅ ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ‪ ،‬وﻻ ِ �‬
‫ﲱ َﺔ ﻟ َﻘ ْ ِ‬
‫و �اﻟﻼ ِم؛ إذ َ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ ِﺷ ْﻌ ِﺮ ٔأﰊ ﺗَ �ﻤﺎ ٍم َﲝ ْﺬ ِﻓﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ِﻣﻦ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ ا ْﺳ َﻜنْﺪَ ٍر ٔأو ﻗ ْب َﻞ ذ� ﻗﺪ * ﺷﺎﺑ َ ْﺖ ﻧَﻮاﴆ الﻠ�ﯿﺎﱄ ْ‬
‫وﱔ ْﱂ � َ ِﺸ ِﺐ‬
‫�‬
‫�ﻜﻮن � ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ و �اﻟﻼ ِم؛ ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ْزدَق‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎر ُف ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُ‬ ‫واﳌ ُ َﺘ َ‬
‫ﻼف ﰲ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أ ِﻟ ْﻜ َﺴ� ْﻨﺪر(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ ِ� َ‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْﺷ�ﻨﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﺑﻮن‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬اﳊ ُُﺮ ُض‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا‬
‫ﰷﻟﺼ ِ‬‫ﻐﺴ ُﻞ ﺑﻪ �‬ ‫ﻨﺎن واﻻ ْﺷ� ُ‬
‫ﻨﺎن‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫َﺒﺎت ﯾُ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �� ْﺷ� ُ‬
‫ِ ِ ً �‬
‫َ‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫�‬ ‫ٔ‬
‫ﻣنﻪ ﻓ ْﻌﻼ وﻫﻮ ﺗَأﺷ َﻦ‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻏ َﺴ َﻞ ﯾَﺪَ ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� ) :‬أ ْﺷ�ﻨﺎن(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْٕﺻ َﻄ ْﺒﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼت‪ ،‬و ٔأﺻﺎ ِﻃ َﺐ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺻﺎ ِﺑ َﻞ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ْﺻ َﻄ ْﺒ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣأٔوى اﳋَ ْﯿ ِﻞ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬ا ْٕﺻ َﻄ ْﺒ ٍ‬
‫ٔأﺑﻮ ُ َﳔ ْﯿ َ�‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻻ ٔأﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻔﻀْ ِﻞ وﻟﻮﻻ ﻓَﻀْ ُ�‬
‫�ب ﻻ � ُ َﺴ� �ﲎ ﻗَ ْﻔ ُ�‬
‫ُﻟﺴ �ﺪ ٌ‬
‫و ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺻﻼحِ ر ِاﺷ ٍﺪ ا ْﺻ َﻄ ْﺒ ُ�‬
‫�‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ �‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ُﺔ )‪.(stable‬‬‫)‪ ،(stabulum‬و �أ ِ� َﺬ ْت ِﻣنﻪ َ ِ‬

‫‪۲۱۳‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬آٓ�ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴩﯾ َﻔﲔِ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻣﻮن � ِﳋ ْﺪﻣ ِﺔ ﰲ اﳊ ََﺮ َﻣﲔِ �‬ ‫ﻮن ﯾ َ َ‬ ‫وﱒ ِر�ﺎ ٌل َﻣﺨْﺼ �ﯿ َ‬ ‫َﴢ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ٓ�ﺎ‪ :‬اﳋ ِ �‬
‫وﰲ اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق‪ :‬ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ ﯾَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ � ْ� ِﱰا ِم‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ٔ :‬أﻏَﻮات‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،ag`a :‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ْﻓ ِﻧﺮْﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻﻓ ِﻧﺮْﺪُ ‪َ :‬ﺟﻮﻫ َُﺮ ا �ﺴ� ْﯿﻒ َووﺷ� ُﯿﻪ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠ ُﻖ �ﲆ ا �ﺴ� ْﯿﻒ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻔ ِﻧﺮْﺪُ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪْﺪُ ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ اﻟ ِﻔ ِﻧﺮْﺪُ �ﲆ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﻋ ْﻨ َﱰةُ‪:‬‬
‫و ِ ِﻧ‬
‫إذا ﱂ �أ َر ِّو ﺻﺎرﱊ ِﻣﻦ َد ِم اﻟ ِﻌﺪا * وﯾُﺼﺒ ُِﺢ ِﻣﻦ ٕاﻓْ ِﻧﺮْ ِﺪﻩ ا�� ُم ﯾ َ ُﻘﻄ ُﺮ‬
‫وﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻒ ﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ ﻗﺎ َل َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﻗَ َﻄ َﻊ اﳊَﺪﯾﺪَ ﻓﻼ ﺗُﲈروا * ِﻓ ِﻧﺮْ ٌﺪ ﻻ ﯾُ َﻔ �ﻞ وﻻ ﯾ َ ُ‬
‫ﺬوب‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ َ�) :‬ﺮﻧﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ٕ -‬اﻓْﺮ�ﺰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻﻓْﺮ ُ�ﺰ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾ َ ُﱪ ُز �ﺎ ِر ً�ﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎء‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻓﺮا�ﺰﯾﺪن(‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(ophry`-s) :‬‬
‫‪� -‬أﻓَنْﺪي �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼق‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ِﻘ �ﻞ ﺑﺬا ِﺗﻪ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ�ﻓَ ْنﺪي‪ :‬ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪُ اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ �ﲆ اﻻ ْٕﻃ ِ‬
‫وﰷن‬
‫ﺠﯿﻞ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫بيﻞ اﻟﺘ� ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُو ِﺻ َﻒ ﺑﻪ ا ٔ� َﻣﺮا ُء ا ٔ� ْ�ﺮاكُ �ﲆ َﺳ ِ‬‫واﳌُﻌ َﺘ ِﻤﺪُ �ﲆ ﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ٔ :‬أ َﺷ� ْﯿﺦٌ ﻫﻮ ٔأم ٔأﻓَنْﺪي؟ وﰲ‬ ‫ﴫ �ﲆ اﳌُﺜﻘ� ِﻒ ﺛَﻘﺎﻓ ًﺔ ﻏَﺮﺑ �ﯿ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ﰲ ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ٔ :‬أﻓَ ْن ِﺪم‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ� َﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﰻ َﻣﻦ � َو�ﺎﻫ ٌﺔ وا ْ� ِﱰا ٌم‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ِ ّ‬ ‫�‬
‫�ﺎﻃ ِﺐ ٔأن ﯾُﻌﯿﺪَ َ� َﻣﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗ �‬
‫َﻄﻮ َر‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟ ِﻨّﺪا ِء‪ٔ ،‬أو َكﻄﻠَ ٍﺐ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ َ‬ ‫ك َﺠﻮ ٍاب ُﻣ ْ� َﱰ ٍم ِ‬

‫‪۲۱٤‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺴﻔ�ﺎحِ واﻟﻘﺎ ِﺗ ِﻞ ﺑ َﯿ ِﺪﻩ واﳉ �َﻼ ِد‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ٔأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺢ‪ :‬اﳌُﺴت َ ِب �ﺪ واﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪَ‬ ‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﻈﺎ ِﻟ َﻢ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ �أ ْﻃ ِﻠ َﻖ �ﲆ اﻟ �ﺴ� ِ ّﯿ ِﺪ ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫�‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(afthentes/ afthendes) :‬و َد َ� َﻞ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫)‪ ،(efandi‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺘﲔِ ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬أﻓْ ُيﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﺪاوﻣ ُﺔ �ﻠﯿﻪ إﱃ‬ ‫�ﺎش‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ� ِّﺪ ٌر لﻠ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗُﺆ ِ ّدي اﳌ ُ َ‬ ‫يﻮن‪ُ :‬ﻋﺼﺎر ُة ﺛَ َﻤ ِﺮ اﳋ َْﺸ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ��ﻓْ ُ‬
‫ا ٕﻻدْﻣﺎن‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬أﭘﯿﻮن‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﰻ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮ ٌد ﰲ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ؛ إذ ُذ ِﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن َو ْزﳖَ ﺎ ) �أﻓْ ُﻌﻮل(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮوس ﻣﺎ � َ ِﴚ ﺑأٔ �ن َ ِ‬ ‫)‪ ،(opion‬وﰲ �جِ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ْﻗﻠﲓ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ْﻗﻠ ُﲓ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪ ،‬اﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٔ :‬أﻗﺎﻟﲓ‪.‬‬
‫وا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ َﻋﺮﺑي � ِتﻪ؛ ﻓﺎ ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ �َﺮاﻩ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬وﺳﺎ�ِ ُﺮ ٔأ ْﲱ ِﺎب اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ �َ َﺮ ْوﻧ َﻪ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ�ﺎ‬
‫َﺮي‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎﲬﻪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫ٕﻗﻠﲓ �ا�ي ﯾُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ْ ِﲅ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﻄﻊِ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ َﻣ ْﻘﻠﻮ ٌم ) َﻣ ْﻘﻄﻮ ٌع( ِﻣﻦ اﻻ ِ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﺎ ْارﺗَآٓﻩ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪klim-) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫)وآ ْٔﺣ َﺴ� ُﺒﻪ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ(‪ ،‬و �‬
‫‪ ،(a‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ْﻨ� ِﺪ ُر‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا ْﺳ� ُﺘﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ �ﻟ�ﻻ ِ� �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳉُ ْﻐﺮا ّﰲ‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْﻗﻠَﺶ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤ� ﺷيئًﺎ ٔأو �ا�ي ﻻ ﯾَﺜبُ ُﺖ �ﲆ ﳾ ٍء وا ِ� ٍﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ� ْﻗﻠَ ُﺶ‪ :‬اﳌُﻼ ِﻋ ُﺐ �ا�ي ﻻ ﯾ َ ِ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ �ﻼش‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﲔ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻻ ٍم ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﺮب ٌ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن‪) :‬وﻫﻮ دَﺧي ٌﻞ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﻣ ْﺤﻀﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۱٥‬‬
 ‫‪� -‬أ ْﻗنﻮم‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎﻟﻮث ﰲ اﳌ ُ ْﻌ َﺘ َﻘ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﰷن اﻟﺜ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �� ْﻗنﻮ ُم‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٔ :‬أﻗﺎﻧ ُﲓ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ٔأ ْر ِ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ :‬ا ٔ�ﻗﺎﻧ ُﲓ اﻟﺜ �ﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌَﺴ ّ ِ‬
‫�ﯿﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﻗنﻮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴘ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَيْ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺨْﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﰷدﳝ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﻤﻲ ٔأو الﻠ � �‬
‫ﻐﻮي ٔأو ا ٔ�د �َﰊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻠﲓ اﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬واﳌَﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ اﻟ ِﻌ �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ٔﰷدﳝ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺪرﺳ ُﺔ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ﰷن‬‫ﰟ َ�ﺪﯾﻘ ٍﺔ ﻗَﺮﯾﺒ ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺛينﺎ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(academeia) :‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ ا ُ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ا ٔ� ْوروﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َد َ� َﻞ ﰲ ُﻣ َﻌﻈ ِﻢ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ُروﺳﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻼﻃﻮن ﯾُﻠْﻘﻲ ﻓﳱﺎ د َ‬ ‫ٔأﻓْ ُ‬
‫)‪ ،(academy‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(academie) :‬وﰲ ا ٔ�ﻟْﲈﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(akademie) :‬وﰲ‬
‫ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(accademia) :‬‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ْﻛﺴﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧيﺺ إﱃ َذﻫ ٍَﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴﲑ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �د ٌة ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ َ‬
‫ﰷن ﯾُ ْﻌﺘ َﻘﺪُ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﲢ ِّﻮ ُل اﳌ َ ْﻌ ِﺪ َن �اﻟﺮ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻ ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺴﺎن‬‫ﺒﺎب‪ ،‬و�َﻜ ُﻔ ُﻞ ﻟ ٕﻼ� ْ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن ﯾُ ْﻌﺘ َﻘﺪُ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﯾُﻄﯿ ُﻞ اﳊَﯿﺎةَ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ْﺒﻘﻲ اﻟ �ﺸ� َ‬ ‫اب َ‬ ‫ٔأو ﻫﻮ َﴍ ٌ‬
‫اﳋُﻠﻮد‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(kseeri-on) :‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أ �ﰷر‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ٔ �ﰷ ُر‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ �ﻼ ُح واﳊ �َﺮ ُاث‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪� :‬أ َﻛﺮ ٌة‪ ،‬وﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ﻗَ ْت ِﻞ ٔأﰊ َ ْ� ٍﻞ‪) :‬ﻓﻠﻮ ْ ُ‬
‫�ﲑ‬
‫ٔأ �ﰷ ٍر ﻗَتَﻠَﲏ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(acoro) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬

‫‪۲۱٦‬‬
 ‫‪ٔ -‬أﻟْ ٌ‬
‫ﲈس �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﴪ َﲨﯿ َﻊ ا ٔ� ْﺟﺴﺎ ِم اﳊَ َﺠﺮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗُﺆ ِ�ّ ُﺮ ﻓيﻪ اﻟﻨ� ُﺎر‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ�ﻟْ ُﲈس‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺮ ِﻣﻦ اﳉَﻮا ِﻫ ِﺮ‪ُ ِ َ� ،‬‬
‫ﻻن‪ٔ :‬أ َ�ﺪُ ﻫﲈ‪ٔ :‬أ �ن اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ َة و �اﻟﻼ َم ﻓيﻪ‬‫ﺻﺎص‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻜﴪﻩ �اﻟﺮ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ اﳊَﺪﯾﺪُ ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ �َ ِ ُ‬
‫ٔأ ْﺻﻠ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ِﻣ ُث� ِﻣث ُﻞ‪ :‬اﻟْﯿﺎس‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ٔ :‬أ �ن ﻗَ ْﻄ َﻊ اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ِة ﻓيﻪ ِﻣﻦ ﻟَ ْﺤ ِﻦ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫�‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪.(adamas) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ٓ ِﻣﺺ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ﺆﰻ‬ ‫ُﴩ ُح َرﻗي ًﻘﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم ِﻣﻦ ﻟَ ْﺤ ِﻢ اﻟ ِﻌ ْ� ِﻞ‪َ � ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ٓ ِﻣ ُﺺ واﻟﻌﺎ ِﻣ ُﺺ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُ َﻌﺮ ُض �ﲆ اﻟﻨ�ﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻧيئًﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺎﻣﲒ(‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﻧْﺒﺎر‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ُم‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َﻔﺮدُﻩ‪ِ :‬ﻧ ْﱪ‪.‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﻓيﻪ �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ�ﻧْ ُﺒﺎر‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻮ َد ُع ٔأو اﳌ َ َ� �ﻞ �ا�ي ُ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬اﻧﺒﺎر(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ْ � :‬ﻣ ِتﻼ ِء‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا � ُﻣ َﻔﺮدًا‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮب ﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﻋ َﺘ َﱪوا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َ ْﲨ ًﻌﺎ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ �ﲆ َو ْز ِن ) ٔأﻓْﻌﺎلٍ (؛ و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ ْ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ َ‬
‫وﳇﻤ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻨ َ ِﱪ ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺎ ِّﻣي� ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َﺟنﺎحٍ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺟ ِن� ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺴت َ ْﺸﻔﻰ َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِﻧ ْ ٌﱪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ ِف ﻋﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬اﳌ ُ �‬ ‫‪ْ � amber‬‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْ َﳒﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺎص ُﻣﺬاب‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �� ْ َﳒ ُﺮ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺮﺳﺎ ُة ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ َﺧ َﺸ� ٌ‬
‫ﺒﺎت ﯾُ َﻔﺮ ُغ ﺑيْﳯَ ﺎ َر ٌ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪) :‬ﻟَ ْﻨ َﻜﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﻧْﺪَ ﻟُﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻮن َﺳ�ﻨَ َﺔ ‪ ٩٢‬لﻠﻬِ ْﺠﺮ ِة‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ�ﻧْﺪَ ﻟُ ُﺲ‪ِ :‬ﺷ� ْﺒ ُﻪ اﳉَﺰ�ﺮ ِة ا ٕﻻﯾْﺒﲑﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ اﻓْتَ َﺘ َﺤﻬﺎ اﳌُﺴ ِﻠ َ‬
‫اﳌ َ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ُﺔ اﻟ َﯿ ْﻮ َم ﺑـ) ٕا ْﺳ�ﺒﺎﻧﯿﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۱۷‬‬
 ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮا ٌل‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮن � ٔ�ﻧْﺪَ ﻟُ ِﺶ؛ ُﻓﺴ ِّﻤ َﻲ ﲠﻢ اﻟ َﺒ َ ُ�‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ �ﻤﺎ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ِﺖ َ ِ‬
‫ٔأ �ن ٔأ �و َل َﻣﻦ َﺳ َﻜﳯَ ﺎ ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌم ﯾُ َﻌﺮ َ‬
‫ا ٔ�ﻧْﺪَ ﻟُﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﰟ ٔأ �و ِل َﻣﻦ َ َﲻ َﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأﻧْﺪَ ﻟُ ُﺲ ُ�ﻦ � ِﻓ َﺚ ِ�ﻦ ﻧﻮح‪.‬‬ ‫‪ِّ ُ -‬ﲰ َﯿ ْﺖ � ِ‬
‫ﰟ "ا ٔ�ﻧْﺪَ ﻟُ ِﺲ"‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻌ َﻤﺮوﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻮﻓﺎن ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌم ُﻋ ِﺮﻓﻮا � ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬ ‫‪ٔ -‬أ �و ُل َﻣﻦ َﺳ َﻜ َﻦ ا ٔ�ﻧْﺪَ ﻟُ َﺲ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ �‬
‫� ﻓﳱﺎ ُﻣ �ﺪ ًة َﻃﻮﯾ�‪.‬‬ ‫َﺪاوﻟﻮا اﳌ ُ ْ َ‬
‫وﺗ َ‬
‫ﰟ َر ُ� ٍﻞ ُﺻ ِﻠ َﺐ ﻓﳱﺎ ﯾُ ْﺪﻋﻰ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺷ�ﺒﺎ ِ�ﺲ‪ٔ ،‬أو � ِ‬
‫ﰟ‬ ‫واﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى ﰷﻧﻮا � ُﺴ �ﻤﻮﳖَ ﺎ ) ٔأ ْﺷ�ﺒﺎﻧﯿ َﺔ( � ِ‬
‫ﺒﺎن َ�ﻦ ِﻃ َﯿﻄ َﺲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎن ا ٔ� �و ِل ﯾُ ْﺪﻋﻰ‪ٕ ) :‬ا ْﺷ� َ‬ ‫� ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ �اﻟﺰ ِ‬ ‫َﻣ ِ ٍ‬
‫‪ -‬آٓ� ْ ُﺴﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻮب ﯾَﺪ ُ� ُﻞ ﰲ ِﺻﻨﺎ� ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْدوﯾ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﻮن‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﳊُ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻮن وا ��� ْ ُﺴ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ٓ� ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻮن(؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬ ‫َﴍ ًا� ُﻣﻬ ِّﺪﺋًﺎ ﻃﺎ ِردًا ّ ِلﻠﺮ ِﱖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎ ِّﻣي� ِﺔ‪) :‬ﯾَن ْ ُ‬
‫ﺰول ��ٓ ِ‬
‫�ﺴﻮن‬ ‫�ﺴﻮن ﯾُﺪاوي * ﻟيﺲ ﻣﺎ ﰊ �َ ُ‬ ‫� َﻃﺒي ًبﺎ ��ٓ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(ànees-on) :‬‬
‫‪� -‬أﻧْﻤﻮ َذج‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴚ ِء ﻟ ُﯿ َﻌﺮ َف ِﻣنﻪ‬‫ثﺎل ﺻﻮر ِة �‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ُة اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﺘ�� َُﺬ �ﲆ ِﻣ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ��ﻧْﻤﻮ َذ ُج واﻟﻨ�ﻤﻮ َذ ُج‪� :‬‬
‫�ﺎ�؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ ْ� ُﱰ �ي‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻌﺠ ٍﺐ ﺑﻨَﻤﻮ َذجِ‬‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫ٔأو �أﺑْﻠَ ٍﻖ ﯾَﻠْﻘﻰ اﻟ ُﻌ َ‬
‫ﯿﻮن إذا ﺑَﺪا * ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﳕﻮدﻩ( ٔأو )ﳕﻮدار(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ٔ��َ ِﺮ اﻟﺒﺎ ِرز‪.‬‬
‫ُﻮﴍوان‪:‬‬ ‫‪� -‬أﻧ ِ ْ‬
‫ﺮوف ﺑـ"اﻟﻌﺎ ِد ِل"؛ ﻗﺎ َل �َ ِﺪ �ي‬ ‫ﰟ ِﻛ ْﴪى ا ٔ� �و ِل اﳌ َ ْﻌ ِ‬‫ﻧﻮﴍو ُان‪ :‬ا ُ‬ ‫ُﻮﴍو ُان‪ ،‬و ٔأ َ‬ ‫‪� -‬أﻧ ِ ْ‬
‫ُ�ﻦ زﯾ ٍﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪۲۱۸‬‬
 ‫ُﻮﴍ‪... * ...‬و ُان ٔأ ْم ٔأ َ�ﻦ ﻗ ْب َ� ُ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻮر‬ ‫ﻠﻮك �أﻧ ِ ْ‬ ‫ٔأ�ﻦ ِﻛ ْﴪى ِﻛ ْﴪى اﳌ ُ ِ‬
‫اﳋﺎ�ة‪.‬‬‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،anoshak-ruvan :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ذو �اﻟﺮوحِ ِ‬
‫‪ٕ -‬ا ْﻫ ِﻠﯿ ِﻠﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ٕﻻﻫْﻠﯿ ِﻠ ُﺞ وا ٕﻻ ْﻫ ِﻠﯿﻠَ ُﺞ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِﲈر � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم َدو ًاء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻫﻠﯿ�(‪.‬‬‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ ﺑ َﺘ َﻮ �ﺳﻂِ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬أ ْوج‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا �� ْو ُج‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌﻠُ ّﻮ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ ) ٔأو�ﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺑ َﺘ َﻮ �ﺳﻂِ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ) ٔأوگ(‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬أ ُوزون �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﲀل ا�� ْﻛ ِﺴ�ﲔِ ‪َ ،‬ر ْﻣ ُﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﲁ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺷ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎز �َﺪ ُﱘ الﻠ � ْﻮ ِن‪ ،‬ر ِاﲘ ُﺘﻪ ﻧَﻔ�ﺎذ ٌة‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﺷ ْ ٌ‬ ‫زون‪ٌ :‬‬ ‫ا �� ْو ُ‬
‫ﳰﯿﺎﰄ‪.(o3) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜ �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(ozon) :‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ُ :‬ﻣنْ ِﱳ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ واﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪.ozone‬‬
‫‪� -‬أﯾْ َﺒﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﯾْ َﺒ ٌﻚ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ُ‬
‫ﻣﲑ اﳉَﻤﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬آٓي(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و)ﺑِﻚ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٔ�ﻣﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬إﯾ ِﻠﯿﺎء‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﻟ ُﻌﻬْﺪ ِة اﻟ ُﻌ َﻤﺮﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬وﻻ � َﺴ ُﻜ ُﻦ � َ‬
‫ٕﯾﻠﯿﺎء ٔأ َ� ٌﺪ ﻣ َﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪ -‬إﯾﻠﯿﺎ ُء‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ُﺖ اﳌَﻘ ِﺪ ِس‪َ ،‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬إﯾ ِﻠﯿﺎ ُء‪ ،‬وٕاﯾ ِﻠﯿﺎ‪ ،‬وٕاﯾ ِﻠ �ﯿﺎ ُء‪ ،‬وٕاﯾ ِﻠ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬وٕاﻟْﯿﺎ ُء‪ ،‬وٕاﻟْﯿﺎ؛‬
‫ِﻣﻦ ا�ﳱَ ﻮ ِد(‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ِﺳ �ﺖ ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ْزد َُق‪:‬‬

‫‪۲۱۹‬‬
 ‫ﴩ ُف‬ ‫ﷲ ﳓﻦ ُوﻻﺗُ ُﻪ * وﺑَيْ ٌﺖ ﺑأٔ ْ�ﲆ إﯾ ِﻠﯿﺎ َء ُﻣ َ �‬ ‫ْتﺎن ﺑَيْ ُﺖ ِ‬
‫وﺑَي ِ‬
‫َﺮي‪) :‬و ٔ�ﳖ� ﲈ ‪ٔ -‬أي‪ :‬إﯾﻠﯿﺎ َء وٕاﯾﻠﯿﺎ‪ -‬روﻣي� ِﺎن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪(aelia) :‬؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮ ِﯾﻞ �ا�ي �ﲰﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ �اﻟﺮو ُم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ‪colonia aelia‬‬ ‫ﺗيﲏ �‬‫ُﺟ ْﺰ ٌء ِﻣﻦ ا ِﲰﻬﺎ �اﻟﻼ ِ ّ‬
‫وﰷن ا ُﲰﻪ ا ٔ� �و ُل ‪ْ ،aelius‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫�ن‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻃﻮر ﻫﺎ ِد ْر َ‬
‫ﰟ ا ٕﻻ ْﻣﱪ ِ‬ ‫‪capitolina‬؛ إذ ُ ِّﲰ َﯿ ْﺖ � ِ‬
‫�ﺎق ِﺑﻄ ِﺮ ْﻣ َ‬
‫ﺴﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﻟ ٕﻼﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﺮب ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬‫َﻣ �ﺪﺗْﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫‪ٔ -‬أﳞْ ُ َﻘﺎن‪:‬‬
‫َﺮ�ﲑ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ﻟَﺒﯿ ٌﺪ‪:‬‬‫ﻘﺎن‪ :‬اﳉ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ٔ�ﳞْ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎن و �أ ْﻃ َﻔﻠَ ْﺖ * �ﳉَﻠْﻬَ َﺘ ْ ِﲔ ِﻇﺒﺎ ُؤﻫﺎ وﻧ َﻌﺎ ُﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓ َﻌﻼ ﻓُﺮو ُع ا ��ﳞْ ُ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬اﳞﻘﺎن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا َوان‪:‬‬
‫�‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻘ ِﻒ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ ا ٕﻻو ُان �ﲆ �أ ُو ٍن‪،‬‬ ‫�‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫ا�ﳢَ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ان‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬‫اﻻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬
‫‪ُ َ -‬‬
‫و‬ ‫اﻻ‬
‫ﻄﯿﺢ‪) :‬ﳌ�ﺎ ُو ِ َ� َرﺳﻮلُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫�‬ ‫�‬
‫ُوﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ اﻻٕﯾﻮ ُان �ﲆ إﯾﻮا�ت‪ ،‬و ٔأواو َ�ﻦ‪ ،‬وﰲ َ�ﺪﯾﺚ َﺳ ٍ‬
‫ﷲ ﷺ ْار َ َﲡ َﺲ إﯾﻮ ُان ِﻛ ْﴪى(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻈﻮر واﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫ﴏ َح ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ وا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬‫َ�‬
‫�ﻜﻮن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫)اﯾﻮان(‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ َر �ﺟ َﺢ ٔآن َ‬
‫ﰥ و ٔأوى‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(٨...‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� َ :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ٓﯾِﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮل ِﻣﻬ ٌ‬
‫ْﯿﺎر‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩﯾﻌ ُﺔ؛ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻮن و �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ٓﯾ ُِﲔ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﺎد ُة واﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿﺎﺳ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَتْ َب ُﻌﻬﺎ اﳉَﲈ� ُﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟﻘﺎ ُ‬
‫ﯾﺖ َﺣ ْﻮ ًﻻ ٔأ ْﻣ َﺮﻩ * وﻫْﻮ ﱂ ﯾَآٔ� ُْﺬ ﻟﻬﺎ آ ٓ ِﯾيﳯَ ﺎ‬ ‫َﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ ا ِﳋ ّ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ اﳌ ُ �ﻮ��ﻦ‪.‬‬‫َﻔﺎ� ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِ‬‫ﻬﺎب اﳋ �‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ذ َﻛ َﺮ ِ ّ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -۸‬ﺳﻘط ﻣن اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۲۰‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎء‬

‫‪� �� -‬ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،papa :‬وﻫﻮ ﺗَﻀْ ُ‬
‫ﻌﯿﻒ )اب( �ﲆ اﻟ َﻘﻠْﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪�� -‬ري‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎ�ري‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻔﻠْ ُﻔ ُﻞ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮد‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪��) :‬ري(‪.‬‬
‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬ﺑﻮج‪:‬‬
‫تﻮح ِﻣﻦ اﳋَﻠْﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺑﻮج‪�ِ :‬ﺬا ٌء ﺧ ٌ‬
‫َﻔيﻒ َﻣ ْﻔ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﭘﺎﭘﻮش؛ )ﭘﺎ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘﺪَ ِم‪ ،‬و)ﭘﻮش( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻐﻄﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬ﺑﻮﻧ َﺞ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت َﻃ ّﯿ ُِﺐ �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َرﻗُﻪ ٔأﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪َ ،‬وو َﺳ ُﻄﻪ ٔأ ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ‪ِ � ،‬ﻓ ٌﻊ ﰲ اﻟﺘ�ﺪاوي‪،‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎﺑﻮﻧ َُﺞ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬ا �� ْﻗ ُﺤﻮان‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺑﻮﻧﻪ(‪ ،‬و)�ﺑﻮك(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ � -‬د َﻫ ْﻨﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎ َد َﻫ ْﻨ ُﺞ‪ :‬اﳌَﻨ َﻔ ُﺬ �ا�ي ﺗَأٔﰐ ِﻣنﻪ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ُﱖ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ْت� ُﺔ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِﻮﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬دﮔﲑ( ٔأو )�دﻫﻨﻚ(؛ ﻓـ )�د( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺮ ِﱖ‪ ،‬و)ﻫﻨﺞ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ِذ َف ّ ِاﻟﺮﱖ‪.‬‬
‫ٔأي‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ِذ ٍف‪ُ ،‬‬

‫‪۲۲۱‬‬
 ‫‪ِ � -‬ذ ْﳒﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﻲ‪ ،‬و ِﺛ ُﲈرﻩ َﺳ ْﻮدا ُء ﺑ َ ْﯿﻀﺎ ِوﯾ � ٌﺔ ٔأو ُﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘﻄﯿ ٌ� ٔأو‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎ ِذ ْﳒ ُﺎن‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫َﺒﺎت َزﻫ ُْﺮﻩ ٔأ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ ﺑَﻨَ ْﻔ َﺴ �‬
‫�أ ْﺳ ُﻄﻮاﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬ا ٔ�ﻧ َُﺐ‪ ،‬واﳊَﺪَ ُق‪ ،‬واﳌَﻐْﺪُ ‪ ،‬واﳌَﻐَﺪُ ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘﻬْ َﻘ ُﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻜﻬ َ ُْﲂ‬
‫واﻟ َﻜﻬْ َﻜ ُﺐ‪ ،‬و َاﻟﻮ ْ�ﺪُ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪�) :‬د(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ا ِﳉ �ﻦ‪) ،‬نﮕﺎن(‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬دنﮕﺎن( ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ� َﻞ إﱃ ا ٕﻻ ْﺳ�ﺒﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫نﺎﻗﲑ ا ِﳉ ِّﻦ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓيﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳊ َْﺮﰲ�‪َ :‬ﻣ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣنﺎﻗﲑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ‬‫ُ‬ ‫يﴘ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ اﻟﺒﺎ ِذ ْﳒ ِﺎن ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ ،berengana‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَ �‬
‫ﰟ ِﻫ ْﻨ �ﺪ�‪.‬‬
‫� ِ‬
‫‪�ْ -‬ر�ﺎﻩ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎء ﻋﻦ اﳊَ ��ﺎجِ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُ�‪)َ :‬وﻟ�ﯿ ُﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻄﺎن‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻮل �ﲆ �‬ ‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ ٕا ْذ ِن ا�� ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎر�ﺎ ُﻩ‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫‪ْ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠْﻄﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎر�ﺎ َﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺟ َﻌﻠْ ُﺘﻚ ﺑ َ �ﻮ َاب �‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪�) :‬ر(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ ْذ ِن‪ ،‬و)ﮔﺎﻩ( ﻻ ِﺣﻘ ٌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬رﮔﺎﻩ(‪ ،‬وﯾ َ َﺘ �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﺗُﻔيﺪُ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﳌَﲀن‪.‬‬
‫‪�ِ -‬ر�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎ ِر� ُﺔ‪ :‬ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻜبﲑ ُة ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﻔ ِﻦ اﳊ َْﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﯿﻮر اﳌﺎ ِء‪ِّ ُ ،‬ﲰ َﯿ ِﺖ‬
‫ﰟ ﻃﺎ�ِ ٍﺮ ِﻣﻦ ُﻃ ِ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،fregata :‬وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬
‫ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ُﺔ � ِﲰﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪�ِ -‬رح‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﯿ ِﻒ‪ ،‬ج‪ :‬ﺑ َﻮا ِرح‪.‬‬
‫اﳊﺎر ُة ﰲ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎ ِر ُح‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺮ ُﱖ �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲠَ ْ َﺮ ْﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُح‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﻣ ُﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬

‫‪۲۲۲‬‬
 ‫‪�ِ -‬ر ْﻗ ِﻠﯿﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن‬ ‫ﰟ ﻧ َﺒ ِيّنﺎ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤ ٍﺪ ﷺ ﰲ ا ٕﻻ ْﳒ ِ‬ ‫وح اﻟ ُﻘﺪُ ِس‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎرِﻗ ِﻠﯿﻂُ‪ُ :‬ر ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -‬‬
‫و�ﺎء �ﻟﻔﺎ ِء‪) :‬ﻓﺎرﻗﻠﯿﻂ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﳊ ّ َِﻖ واﻟﺒﺎ ِﻃ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳊﺎ ِﻣﺪُ ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟﻔﺎ ِر ُق ْ َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪�ُ -‬رو ٌد �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﳊﯿﻄﺎن اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪ ،‬إذا �أﻟْ ِﻘ َي ْﺖ ﰲ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎر زا َدﲥْ ﺎ ﺗ ََﻮ �ﻫ ً�ﺎ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن �ﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎرودُ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �د ٌة ُ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫ﻌﺎب‬‫ﻮن؛ إذ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ�ْﺪَ ﻣﻮﻩ ﰲ ِﺻﻨﺎ� ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻻ‪ٔ ،‬أ �و ُل َﻣﻦ ا ْﺳ� َﺘ�ْﺪَ َﻣﻪ ا ّ ِﻟﺼﯿني� َ‬ ‫وا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ً‬
‫ﺤﻮق اﳌُﺮﻛ� ِﺐ ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ا ِﳌﻠْ ِﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِرﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﺎرو ُد �ا�ي ﻧ َﻌ ِﺮﻓُﻪ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﺴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪﯾﻊ ِ � ْ� ِﱰاق‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺖ �‬ ‫واﻟ َﻔ ْﺤ ِﻢ واﻟ ِﻜ ْﱪ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬روت(‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬ز‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﱪا‪،‬‬‫اﻟﺼ ْﻘ �ﺮ� ِت‪ٔ ،‬أ َﺷ �ﺪ اﳉَﻮ ِارحِ �َ � ً‬ ‫ﯿﻮر‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻓَﺼﯿ ِ� �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎز‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ َﺟﻮا ِرحِ �‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫وأٔﺿْ َﯿ ُﻘﻬﺎ ُ�ﻠُ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧ َْﻈﺮﺗُﻪ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻛ ْ ٌﱪ‪ُ ،‬وﺳﻠﻮ ُﻛﻪ ﯾَت � ِﺴ ُﻢ �ﻻ ْ� ِﱱ ِاز‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ُ :‬اﻟﱫاةُ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬
‫اﻋﻲ اﻟﻨ� َﻤ ْﲑ �ي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﻓﺮ‪:‬‬‫َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ ﳞَ ْﺠﻮ �اﻟﺮ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈ ِء � اﻧ ِْﺼﺒﺎ�‬‫اﻟﺒﺎزي اﳌ ُ ِﺪ �ل �ﲆ ﻧ ُ َﻤ ْ ٍﲑ * �أ ِ ْﲢ ُﺖ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫ٔأ� ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ َاﻟﱫ ِو ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻐﻠَﺒ ِﺔ واﻟ َﻘﻬْﺮ‪ ،‬و�ﲆ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔ ِﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬ز‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬زار �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﻮق اﻟ ِﺘّ ّ‬
‫�ﺎري‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎز ُار‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬زار(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬

‫‪۲۲۳‬‬
 ‫ﻮس �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑَ ٌ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪� :‬ﺎ َء‬ ‫ﺒﻮس‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻗَب� َﻞ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﻮﺳ ُﺔ ﱔ اﻟ ُﻘ ْب ُ�‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫و�س ﯾ َ ُ‬‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻮ ُس‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻘبﯿ ُﻞ‪َ ،‬‬
‫�ﻟ َﺒ ْﻮ ِس اﻟﺒﺎ�ِﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)�س(‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫‪� -‬ﺷﺎ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎن و ُﻣﺴﺎ ِ�ﺪﯾﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫‪� -‬ﺷﺎ‪ُ :‬رﺗْﺒ ٌﺔ ﺑَﻼﻃ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﺗُ ْﻌﻄﻰ لﻠ ُﻤ َﻘ �ﺮ َ‬
‫�‪،‬‬ ‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﭘﺎ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻗَﺪَ ٍم‪ ،‬و)ﺷﺎﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻩ( ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(pasa) :‬‬‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫�ﺷﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِ -‬‬
‫ﰟ ﻃﺎ�ِﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺷ ُﻖ‪ :‬ا ُ‬ ‫‪ِ -‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺷﻪْ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ � -‬ﻃ َﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴩ ُاب‪ٔ ،‬أ ْ�ﻼﻩ و ِاﺳ ٌﻊ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺳ َﻔ ُ� ﺿَ ّﯿِﻖ‪.‬‬‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎﻃ َﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬إ� ٌء ُﳚ َﻌ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ �) :‬دﯾَﻪ(‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆُ )�دﯾﻪ( ﰲ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ �ﲆ إ� ٍء و ِاﺳﻊ ٍ ِﻣﻦ اﳋ ََﺰ ِف‬
‫ﻠﻮن ﻓيﻪ ا ٔ� ُر �ز والﻠ � ْﺤ َﻢ ْ َ‬
‫و�ﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺴ َ‬ ‫ﯾَ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬غ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎ ُغ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ ْﺮ ُم؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨَ ْﻮ �‬
‫�ﺮي‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ وا ِ�ﺪ ٍة * ﻓيﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﻮر َو ْﻗﺪُ ﻫﺎ � ُغ‬ ‫�غٌ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﻮر �‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل اﻟبُ ْﺴ� �ﱵ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ ِ� ْﺪﻣ ِتﻪ ِﻣﻦ � ِ� ِﻪ اﻟﺘ� َﺤﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﲓ اﻟﺒﺎغِ ﻗﺪ ﳞُ ْﺪى ﻟﺼﺎ ِﺣبِﻪ * َ�ﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِّ ُ‬

‫‪۲۲٤‬‬
 ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪�) :‬غ(‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟبُ ْﺴ� ِ‬
‫ﺘﺎن و �اﻟﺮ ْوﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪:�� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪.‬‬‫ﯿﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺎرورةُ‪ ،‬وا ِﳉﺮ ُاب اﻟﻀ� ْﺨ ُﻢ ٔأو �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎ ُ�‪ِ :‬و�ﺎ ُء ا ِّﻟﻄ ِ‬
‫َﺮي‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ )ﭘﯿﺎ�(‪،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﯿ�(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻮ�ﺎ ِء‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘﺪَ ُح‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ )��(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ا ِﳉﺮ ُاب‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْﻈﻮر‪.‬‬
‫اﳊﻮت‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ )اﻟﺒﺎ ُ�( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬ﻟُﻮﻇﺔ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎﻟُﻮﻇ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﺼﯿﺪةُ‪ ،‬وﱔ َ�ﻠْﻮى َﺷ ْﻌﺒ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜ� ِﺮ واﻟن�ﺸَ ﺎ ِء و َﻋ ِ‬
‫ﺼﲑ‬
‫ُْ‬
‫اﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮذ(‪،‬‬
‫�ﻮر ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﺎﻟﻮدﻩ(‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ اﳌ َ ْﺬ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ :‬اﻟﻔﺎﻟﻮ َذ ُج‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳼ ﺟﳰًﺎ؛ ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎء ﰲ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎر ِّ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن َ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﯾُ ْﺒ ِﺪ َ‬ ‫وﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫)اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻮ َذ ُج(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ �ﺒﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ْ ُ :‬ﱒ �ﲆ ﺑ �ﺒ ٍﺎن وا ِ� ٍﺪ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻃﺮﯾﻘ ٍﺔ وا ِ�ﺪ ٍة؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُ َﲻ ُﺮ‪) :‬ﻟَ ِ ْﱧ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒ �ﺒ ُﺎن‪� :‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ �ﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﺑ �ﺒﺎ�ً وا ِ�ﺪً ا(‪ٔ ،‬آي‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻋ ْﺸ ُﺖ إﱃ ﻗﺎﺑ ٍِﻞ ��ﻟْ ِﺤ �ﻘﻦ آ ٓ ِﺧ َﺮ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس ﺑآٔ �و ِﻟﻬﻢ �‬
‫ﺷيئًﺎ وا ِ�ﺪً ا ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﻄﺎء‪.‬‬
‫َﺮي‪) :‬و ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﯾَﲈ ِﻧ َﯿ ٌﺔ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ب(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫اﻟﺸأٔن‪.‬‬‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘ ِﺔ و �‬ ‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْ ٌﱪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪي‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْ ُﱪ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﺒﺎعِ‪ ،‬ﯾُﻌﺎدي ا ٔ� َﺳﺪَ ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ اﻟ ُﻔﺮا ِﻧ ُﻖ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟﻨ� ِﻤ ُﺮ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ّ‬
‫ﺒﻮر‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ﰲ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ .tiger :‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑ َ ْﱪ(‪.‬‬ ‫واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﺒ ُ‬
‫‪۲۲٥‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﺒﻐﺎء‪:‬‬
‫ﻬﻮر ﺑ ُﻘ ْﺪرِﺗﻪ �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ْﻄ ِﻖ �ﳌُ��ﰷ ِة َ‬
‫دون ٕا ْدر ٍاك‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ِة‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﺸ ٌ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﺒﻐﺎ ُء‪ :‬ﻃﺎ�ِ ٌﺮ َﺣ َﺴ ُﻦ �‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﰷﻟ َﺒ ْﺒﻐﺎ ِء؛ َﻋ ْﻘ ُ� ﰲ �أ ُذﻧ َﯿﻪ‪،‬‬
‫دون ﻓَﻬْ ٍﻢ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻔﻮﻇﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻮن ﺑﻪ َﻣﻦ ﯾُﺆ ِ ّدي َﻣ ْﺤ َ‬ ‫و� ُ َﺸ� ِ ّﳢ َ‬
‫وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﺒﻐﺎء‪ ،‬وﺑ َ �ﺒﻐﺎء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﺒﻐﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ْ َ -‬ﲞﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻈﻮظ؛‬‫ﺨﻮت‪ٔ :‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺤ ٌ‬ ‫ﲞﯿﺖ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْب ٌ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ٌ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِﻟ ُﻊ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒﺨ ُْﺖ‪ :‬اﳊَﻆ� ٔأو �‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ �َ ْﻜ ٍﺮ ِ‬
‫اﳋﺎ� �ي‪:‬‬
‫ﺨﻮت‬ ‫�ﲑ َﻣ ْب ِ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ� �ﺪ ا ٔ�ﳻ ُﻣﻮﰐ * ﻣﺎ ﻛ ْﻨ ِﺖ ٔأ �و َل َﺻ ٍ ّﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫� ﻧ َ ْﻔ ُﺲ ﻣﻮﰐ ْ‬
‫)ﲞﺖ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ْﺖ َ ْﲨ ُﻊ‪ُ :‬ﲞﺘ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٕﻻ ِﺑ ُﻞ اﳋُﺮاﺳﺎﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫�ﲑ اﻟ ُﺒﺨ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ْ ُ‬
‫‪ْ َ -‬ﲞ َ ِﱰ ّي‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎل اﳌُﻌ َﺠ ُﺐ ﺑﻨ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‬ ‫ﴚ وا ِﳉ ْﺴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ ْﺨ ُ‬ ‫ﺘﲑ‪ :‬اﳊ ََﺴ ُﻦ اﳌ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ� َ ِْﱰ �ي واﻟ َﺒ ْﺨ ُ‬
‫اﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺗَ َﺒ� َْﱰ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻌﯿﺪُ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ ) :‬ﲞﺘﯿﺎر(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫اﳌ َ ْﯿﻤﻮن‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ -‬ﲞ ُﻨﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﲑ‪ ،‬و ِﺧ ْﺮﻗ ٌﺔ ﺗَﻠبَ ُﺴﻬﺎ اﳌَﺮ ٔأ ُة ﺗ ُِّﻐﻄﻲ ُﻣﻘ �ﺪ َم‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬‫اﻟﱪ� ُ ُﺲ �‬ ‫ﻐﲑ‪ ،‬و ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﱪﻗُ ُﻊ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒ ْﺨ ُﻨ ُﻖ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫ﲢﺖ اﳊَﻨَ ِﻚ‪،‬‬‫اﳉﺎرﯾ ُﺔ و� َ ُﺸ �ﺪ َﻃ َﺮﻓَﳱﺎ َ‬ ‫دون َو َﺳ ِﻄﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﺧ ْﺮﻗ ٌﺔ ﺗَ َﺘﻘن � ُﻊ ﲠﺎ ِ‬ ‫و ُد�ُ َﺮ ر ٔأ ِﺳﻬﺎ َ‬
‫واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ﲞﺎ ِﻧ ُﻖ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا‪ :‬ﺗَ َﺒ ْﺨﻨَ َﻘ ِﺖ اﳌ َ ْﺮ ٔأة؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﻋ ْﻨ َﱰةُ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎل َﺳﻼﺳ ٌﻞ وﻗُيﻮ ُد * وﻛﺬا اﻟ ِن ّﺴﺎ ُء َﲞﺎ ِﻧ ٌﻖ و ُﻋﻘﻮ ُد‬ ‫ﻓَﺨ ُْﺮ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪۲۲٦‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﲞﯿﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑُﺪّ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒﺪ�‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﲌ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑُ ْﺖ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺻ َﲌ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﺬ َرﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﺬ َرﻗ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳋَﻔﺎر ُة و َﺣ َﺮ ُس اﻟ َﻘﻮا ِﻓ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﳯﺎ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﺬ َر َق اﻟﻘﺎ ِﻓ َ�‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬
‫َﺧ َﻔ َﺮ و َﺣ َﺮ َس؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳌ ُ َﺘ ِ ّنﱯ‪� ) :‬أﺑ َ ْﺬ َر ُق وﻣﻌﻲ َﺳ� ْﯿﻔﻲ؟(‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪ :‬ﺑَﺪ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺳ� ِ ّ ٍ�‪ ،‬و"راﻩ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑَﺪراﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﺘﺎج إﱃ ِﺣﺮاﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻃﺮ ٍﯾﻖ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا �ﻟﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ �اﻟﺮدي ِء‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ َ ْﳛ ُ‬
‫‪َ� -‬ﺮازﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫دون اﳌَﻮ ِﻛ ِﺐ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ُﺮ ُق‬ ‫ﺳﺎن ٔأو اﳋ َِﯿﻞ َ‬ ‫َﲈ�ﺎت ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس ٔأو اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -‬اﻟﱪاز ُﯾﻖ‪ :‬اﳉ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ ا ٔ�ﻋ َْﻈﻢ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﺮزﯾﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌ ُ ْﺼﻄﻔ� ُﺔ َﺣ ْﻮ َل �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�َﻠ � َﻖ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ �ﲆ ذ� ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِ�‪) :‬ﻓَت � ْﺸ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎف اﳋَ �ﯿﺎ ِ� و �اﻟﺮ ��ﺎ ِ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜ ِﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﲅ ٔأ َر ﺳﻮى �ﺮوز‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ْاﺻ ِﻄ ُ‬ ‫�ﲆ الﻠ � ْﻔﻈ ِﺔ ا ِ‬
‫ﲁ اﳊَﻠْﻘﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﲆ َﺷ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮ�َﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬إﳖ� ﻢ ِﻣﻦ َو َ ِ� �َ ّ ِﺮ ِ�ﻦ ﻗَيْ ِﺲ ِ�ﻦ َﻋ ْﯿ َ‬
‫ﻼن‪،‬‬ ‫نﺎس‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ�َ ُﺮ‪ْ ُ :‬ﱒ ِ�نْ ٌﺲ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺟ ِ‬
‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫ﻮن ا ٔ� ْﻋﺮ َاب ﰲ ﻗَ ْﺴﻮﲥِ ﻢ و ِ�ﻠْﻈﳤِ ﻢ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ا َﻟﱪا ِ�ﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎرﺑ ِﺔ‪ُ� ،‬ﺸ�ﳢِ َ‬
‫وﱒ ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌم ِﻣﻦ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ُْ‬
‫اﻟﱪ�َﺮ ِة‪ ،‬وﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ�َﺮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ‪ِ -‬ﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ َ ْ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ‪-‬ﰲ �‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫اﻟ�م‪.‬‬ ‫َ ْﲣﻠﯿﻂُ َ‬

‫‪۲۲۷‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺮﺗُﻘﺎل‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺬﺑﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِ�نْ ِﺲ اﳌَﻮا ِﻟ ِﺢ‪ ،‬ﺛَ َﻤ ُﺮﻩ‬ ‫ُﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﴭ ٌَﺮ َﺻﻐﲑٌ ُﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘﺪ ُﱘ اﳋ ُْﴬ ِة ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﺼﯿ ِ� �‬ ‫اﻟﱪﺗ ُ‬
‫ُْ‬
‫ﻮن ﰲ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن ‪١٦‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ�ﻠَ َﺒﻪ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪﺗُﻐﺎﻟ �ﯿ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﲔِ ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺮي َ� ُﯾﺬ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﻌ ِﻢ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ ّ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎ ِﻣ ٌﺾ ُﺳﻜ� �‬
‫ﺴﻮب إﱃ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪﺗُﻐﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﯿﻼدي‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣن ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫ُﻐﺎل؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ � ُ ْﺴ� َﺘ َﻮر ُد ِﻣﳯﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﰟ ﺑِﻼ ِد ُ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪﺗ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِّ ُ ،(portakal) :‬ﲰ َﻲ � ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ � ْ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪� :‬ﺮﺗﻘﺎن‪ ،‬وﰲ ُﺳﻮرﯾ � َﺔ‪� :‬ﺮدﻗﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﴫ ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﰲ ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺮ�ﺎس‪:‬‬
‫�ﻟﺴﻬﺎ ِم ﺑأٔن �ُﺮﻓَ َﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻬَﻮا ِء �ﲆ ر ٔأ ِس ُر ْﻣ ٍﺢ ﻟ َﯿ َ‬
‫ﻜﻮن‬ ‫�ﺎس‪َ :‬ﳾ ٌء ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ّ ِلﻠﺮﻣﺎﯾ ِﺔ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬ ‫‪ُْ -‬‬
‫ﻫَﺪَ ﻓًﺎ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ� :‬ﺮا�يﺲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮ�ا(‪ ،‬و َﺟ َﺰ َم ﺑﺬ� ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ‬ ‫َﺮي‪) :‬و ٔأ ُﻇﻨ�ﻪ ُﻣ � ً‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻬﺎ ِم‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫)�ُﺮ�ﺎس(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻫَﺪَ ِف ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮخ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﺎرﱒ؟‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪� :‬ﯿﻒ ٔأ ْﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻌﺎر؛ ﯾ ُ‬ ‫ﺧيﺺ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺳ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱪﻛ ُﺔ و ّ ِاﻟﺰ�دةُ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱪخُ ‪ :‬اﳌﺎ ُء و َ َ‬
‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫ﺧيﺺ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮ ٌخ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ر ٌ‬ ‫ﻓ ُي ُ‬
‫ﻗﻮل �َ ّ ِﺮﺧﻮا َ �ﻟﱪﺧﻮا‬ ‫وﻟﻮ ٔأ ُ‬
‫�يﺲ ْ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﺗَﺪَ �ْﺪَ ﺧﻮا‬ ‫ﳌﺎر َﺟ ْﺮ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ‪ِ ّ َ�) :‬ﺮﺧﻮا‪ :‬ﻗﺎ َل‪ِ ّ َ� :‬ﺮ�ﻮا �ﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ(‪ٔ ،‬أو ﱔ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ �ﺎ َء ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ‬‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ(‪ ،‬و �‬‫ﺮوس‪ُ ) :‬ﻋﲈ ِﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ �ﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو � ْ‬ ‫ﯾَﲈﻧﯿ ٌﺔ؛ �ﺎ َء ﰲ �جِ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫)�ر ْخ(‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﱪﻛ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﳱﲈ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َ َ‬ ‫ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ ٔأو � ْ‬
‫و�ﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ َ�) :‬ﺮ ْخ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪�َ :‬ركَ ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأي‪�َ :‬ركَ ‪ْ � ،‬‬
‫‪۲۲۸‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺮدار‪:‬‬
‫دار‪ِ :‬‬
‫اﳊﺎﺟﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُْ -‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮدار(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا�ٓ ِﻣ ِﺮ واﻟﻨ�ﺎﱔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮدَج‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱪد َُج‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺴ� ْ ُﱯ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻌ �� ُﺎج‪:‬‬
‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫ﻛﲈ ر ٔأﯾْ َﺖ ﰲ اﳌُﻼ ِء َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪدَ�ﺎ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ�) :‬ﺮ َد ْﻩ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﳌَﺴ ِ ّ�ﱯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮدَ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﰷﻟﴪجِ لﻠ َﻔ َﺮ ِس‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﱪدَ� ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻮﺿَ ُﻊ �ﲆ ا ِﳊ ِﲈر ُﻟﲑ َﻛ َﺐ �ﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬيﻲ لﻠ ِﺤ ِﲈر � ْ‬ ‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫َاﻟﱪا ِدعُ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪ْ َ�) :‬ﺮ َذ�ﺔ( � ��ال‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺮدﻋﺘﺎ(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ اﳌُﺘأٔ ِّﺧﺮ ِة‪) :‬ﻣﺮدﻋﺖ(‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫َو َرد َِت َ ِ‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮ َذون‪:‬‬
‫ﻼف اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاب‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪ْ َ�) :‬ﺮ َذ َن(؛‬‫اﻟﱰ �ﰾ ِﻣﻦ اﳋَ ْﯿ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ� ُ‬ ‫ون‪ْ � :‬‬‫اﻟﱪ َذ ُ‬
‫‪ِْ -‬‬
‫ون‪ ،‬واﳌُﺆﻧ ُ�ﺚ‪ْ �ِ ) :‬ﺮ َذ ْوﻧ ٌﺔ(‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ َذ ِ‬‫ﴚ ِْ‬ ‫ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮ َذ َن اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ُس‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﴙ َﻣ ْ َ‬
‫َاﻟﱪاذ�ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ �ِ ) :‬ﺮدَن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ْ � :‬ﺷ� ِﺘﺪا ِد ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺪ ِو‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ا ِﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺎن‬
‫اﻟ َﻔ ْ�ﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪� َ� -‬ﺮا‪� َ� ،‬ﺮا �ﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪�َ :‬ﻠَ ْﺴ ُﺖ �َ �ﺮا‪ ،‬وﺧ ََﺮ ْﺟ ُﺖ ��ﺮا‪.‬‬
‫اﳋﺎرجِ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫‪� َ� -‬ﺮا‪� :‬‬

‫‪۲۲۹‬‬
‫ﲈن‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮب اﻟ ُﻔ َﺼ�ﺎء‪ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ �ﺎ َء ﻋﻦ َﺳﻠْ َ‬ ‫ﻮ�‪ ،‬وﱂ � ُﺴ َﻤ ْﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ � ٌ‬‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،(baro) :‬‬ ‫)�ﲁ ا ْﻣ ِﺮئٍ ُﺟ �ﻮا �ﱐ و�َ �ﺮا �ﱐ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ � :‬ﻃ ٌﻦ‪ ،‬وﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬رو(‪.‬‬ ‫اﱐ(‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫� ) ��ﺮ ٍ ّ‬ ‫�ﺎر ٍ ّ‬ ‫�ﺎرجٍ )�َ �ﺮا(‪ ،‬و)‪ ،(baroio‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮ ِز�ﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴩ ِب؛ ﻗﺎ َل �َ ِﺪ �ي ُ�ﻦ َزﯾ ٍﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠْﻊ ِ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫ﴩ �‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ِز ُ�ﻦ‪ :‬إ� ٌء ِﻣﻦ ِﻗ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ِْ -‬‬
‫وﻟﻨﺎ �ﺎﺑِﯿ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻮﺿﻮﻧ ٌﺔ * َﺟ ْﻮﻧ ٌﺔ ﯾَتْ َب ُﻌﻬﺎ ِ� ْﺮز�ﳯُ ﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْﻈﻮر واﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ َ�) :‬ﺮزوﻣﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮﺳﺎم‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎب �ا�ي ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ َﻜ ِب ِﺪ‬ ‫ﺎب ﯾَأٔﰐ ﰲ ا ِﳊ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱪﺳﺎ ُم‪َ :‬ﻣ َﺮ ٌض ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﻣﺮ ِاض‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا�ْﳤِ ٌ‬ ‫‪ِْ -‬‬
‫ﰟ‪ ،‬وﺑُﻠْ ِﺴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺘﺎن ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‪ْ ُ� :‬ﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻘﻠْ ِﺐ‪ ،‬وا ِﳉ ْﺮﺳﺎ ُم واﻟ ِﺒﻠْﺴﺎ ُم ﻟُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺪ ِر‪ ،‬و)ﺳﺎم(‬ ‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ‪َ�) :‬ﺮ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ�) :‬ﺮﺳﺎم(‪ ،‬وﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َاﻟﻮ َر ِم ٔأو ��ْﳤِ ﺎب‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺮﺷﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺎن‪ُُ ْ � :‬ﱫ اﻟ َﻘﺮاﺑﲔِ اﻟ َﻜنَﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ ،‬و� ْ ٌُﱫ َرﻗيﻖٌ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﳋ ْ َِﱲ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬ ‫‪ُْ -‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮ َﺷ َﻦ ّ ِاﻟﺮﺳﺎ َ�‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أﻟْ َﺼ َﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲀﺗيﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣتَ ّ ِﻔﺮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� �و ِل‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮﻓ ٌﺔ ﻟ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﺒﺌ ِﺔ ا ٔ� ْدوﯾ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ‪-‬ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎ ِّﻣي� ِﺔ‪ُ -‬و َرﯾْﻘ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﻗﺮ ٌاص َﺻﻐﲑ ٌة ُﻣ �‬ ‫�ﻟﱪ ِ‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫�ﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِﻟ ُﺐ ﰲ � ْﻣ ِت ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﯾَﻐ �ُﺶ ِﻣﳯﺎ �‬ ‫َ ْﲢﺘﻮي �ﲆ َﻣ ْﻌ ٍ‬
‫�ﳌﲓ )�ﺮﺷﺎم(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮن‪ ،‬وﯾَأٔﰐ ِ‬ ‫�ﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﻌﻞ‪�) :‬ﺮش(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻣ � َﲒ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑﻮرﺷﺎ�(‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﺨﺼ ٌﺺ ِ� ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫�ن؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﯾَأٔﰐ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ِ‬

‫‪۲۳۰‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺮ ُﻃ ��‪:‬‬
‫ﻈ� ا �ﻟﺼ ْﯿﻔي�ﺔ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﱪ ُﻃ � ُ�‪ :‬ا ِﳌ � ُ‬
‫‪ُْ -‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ا ُ�ﻦ ِّاﻟﻈ ّﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮﻗيﻞ‪:‬‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﱪﻗي ُﻞ‪ :‬آ آ ٌ� َﺣ ْﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ �ُ ْﺮﱉ ﲠﺎ ا ِﳊ�ﺎر ُة ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ِْ -‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫َﻔﺎ� ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳋ �‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮﰷر‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻗﺎن‪ ،‬و�ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ "ا�� �وارةَ"‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮﰟ ﲠﺎ ا�� وا�ِ ُﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ُﰷر‪ٔ :‬أدا ٌة �ُ َ ُ‬
‫‪ِْ -‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل �‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮ َ�ﻞ )�ﺎ ِّﻣي� ٌﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﲀر‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﰷر‪ ،‬و ٌ‬ ‫�ﺎر‪ ،‬و ِﻓ ْﺮ ٌ‬
‫ِﻓ ْﺮ ٌ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮﮔﺎر(؛ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )�ﺮاي(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ر�ﺸ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و)ﰷر(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻐْﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺮﰷن‪:‬‬
‫ﰷن‪ :‬ﻓَ ْت� ٌﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻘ ْﴩ ِة ا ٔ� ْرﺿ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﲣ ُﺮ ُج ِﻣ ْﳯَﺎ َﻣﻮا �د ُﻣنْﺼﻬِﺮ ٌة و�ﺎز ٌ‬
‫ات و ٔأ ْ ِﲞﺮ ٌة‪ ،‬ﯾَﺘ� ِ� ُﺬ �ﺎ ِﻟ ًﺒﺎ‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬
‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ �َﺮ ُ ِاﰼ ﺗ� اﳌَﻮادّ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺷ ْ ً� َﻣﺨْﺮو ِﻃ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ﻛﺬ� �ﲆ اﳉَ َﺒ ِﻞ �ا�ي ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻓﻮ�ﲀن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺟ َب ِﻞ اﻟﻨ�ﺎر‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮﰾ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻟﺮا ِء‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻟَﻬْ� ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮل‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻟَﻬْ� ِﺔ َ�ﻠَ َﺐ �‬ ‫ﻟﻌ�‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﳌَأٔ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮﰾ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ُ :‬رﺑ�ﲈ‪� ،‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪) :‬ﺑَﻠ ِﻜ ْﻦ‪ ،‬وﺑَﻼ ِﻛ ْﻦ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﻠ ِﻜ ْﻦ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻟَﻬْ� ِﺔ ِﻓﻠَ ْﺴ َ‬
‫ﻄﲔ وا ٔ� ْرد ُِّن ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪) :‬ﺑَﻼ ِﻛ ْﻦ(‪ ،‬و َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾ � ِﺔ ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩﻗي� ِﺔ ﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻤﻠَﻜ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �‬
‫وﰲ الﻠ�ﻬْ� ِﺔ � ْ‬
‫�ﲑ ُﻣ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ٍ� ﰲ الﻠ�ﻬْ� ِﺔ ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫اﻟﱰ �ﰾ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮل‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(belki) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﳌُﻤ ِﻜ ِﻦ ٔأو ِﻣﻦ اﳌَأٔ ِ‬ ‫وﱔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻟﻌ �ﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )ﺑﻞ( اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)ﻛﻪ( ِ‬
‫‪۲۳۱‬‬
 ‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮ� َﻣﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺎب )اﳌﲒاﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ( ﰲ ا�� واو ِ�ﻦ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ُر ْﺧﺼ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ� َﻣ ُﺞ‪َ :‬اﻟﻮ َرﻗ ُﺔ اﳉﺎ ِﻣﻌ ُﺔ لﻠ ِﺤ ِ‬‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫�‪ ،‬وﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻔﺮاﻣﲔِ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ ،‬وﱔ َاﻟﻮ َرﻗ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َ ْﲢﻮي ٔأ ْﺳ َﲈء‬ ‫ﺧﻮل �ﲆ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ا�� ِ‬
‫�اﻟﺮوا ِة وﻋَﻨﺎو َ�ﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ُتﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ ِﺷﻘ�ﲔِ ‪�) :‬ر(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ر� َﻣﻪْ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﺗَ َﺘ �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ِ ْﲪ ٍﻞ ُورﺧْﺼ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و)�ﻣﻪ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ :‬رﺳﺎ ٍ�‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ ﰲ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺳ� ُ‬
‫ﺒﺎب اﻟﺘ� َﺠ �ﻤ ِﻞ‬
‫ﻤﯿﻞ ا ِﳌﻨ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﲢ ِ‬ ‫وا ِﳊ ْﺸﻤ ِﺔ َ ْ‬
‫‪� -‬ﺮنﲀن‪:‬‬
‫نﲀن‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﱪﰷﱐ‪ ،‬و َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬ ‫ﰷن‪ ،‬و َ �‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪� َ :‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬ ‫نﲀن‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜﺴﺎ ُء ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮدُ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫نﲀن‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ� :‬ﺮا ِﻧﻚ‪.‬‬
‫نﲀﱐ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْﺷﻬ َُﺮ‪ْ َ� :‬ﺮ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﱪ �‬ ‫و َْ‬
‫ﰟ ﺛَ ْﻮ ٍب َﻣنْﺴﻮجٍ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ‬‫)�ﺮﰷﻧ َﻪ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ْﻗﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪ْ :‬‬
‫اﳋ َِﺸﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﺮ ِ ّﱐ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ِ �ﱐ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺟ َﻮ ِد ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ اﻟﺘ� ْﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫)�ر َﯿﻚ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳊَ ْﻤ ِﻞ اﳉَ ِ ّﯿ ِﺪ ٔأو اﳌ ُ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎرك‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ْ :‬ﻧ‬
‫واز �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮ ٌ‬
‫ﻤﺴ ُﻜﻪ ‪ِ -‬ﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ‪ -‬و ُﳛ ِ ّﺴ� ُﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻟﴚ ِء‪ ،‬ﻓ ُي ِ‬ ‫ٕﻃﺎر اﳌُﺤﯿﻂُ �‬ ‫واز‪ :‬اﻻ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ُ‬ ‫‪ِْ -‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮواز(‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ ُ� -‬ﺮو ِﻟﯿﺘﺎرﯾﺔ‪ُ ُ� /‬ﺮو ِﻟﺘﺎر� �ﺪﯾﺚ‪:‬‬
‫اﳋﺎﺻ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ َﻃ َﺒﻘ ُﺔ اﻟ ُﻌ �ﻤ ِﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻄ َﺒﻘ ُﺔ ا�ﲀ ِد� ُﺔ اﳌ َ ْﺤﺮوﻣ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ ْﻠﻜي� ِﺔ �‬ ‫اﻟﱪوﻟﯿﺘﺎرﯾ ُﺔ‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ُُ -‬‬
‫ﰲ ُﻋ ْﺮ ِف اﻟ �ﺸ�ﯿﻮﻋ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۳۲‬‬
 ‫ﺗيﲏ‪،(proletarius) :‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ (proletariat) :‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ �اﻟﻼ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِدﺳ ِﺔ )ا ٔ��ﲑة(‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ َﺒﻘ ِﺔ � ْﺟ ِتﲈﻋ �ﯿ ِﺔ �‬ ‫ﻨﲔ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫وﰷن ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ﰲ روﻣﺎ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ �ﲆ اﳌُﻮا ِﻃ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺒﻮن‪ ،‬ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎن ﺳﻮى ٔأﳖ� ﻢ ﯾُ ْﻨ ِﺠ َ‬ ‫وﱒ �ا��ﻦ ﻻ ﻓﺎﺋِﺪ َة ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﻧ ََﻈ ِﺮ ا ٔ� ْﴍ ِاف ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُُ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﲎ َ ِﳇﻤ ِﺔ‪:proletarius :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،proles :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ َاﻟﻮ َ ُ�‪،‬‬
‫ﲝﺴ ِﺐ ﺗَ ْﻘﺴ ِ�ﲓ‬ ‫و� �ي‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣﻦ َﳜﺪُ ُم ا�� ْو َ� � َﻜ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ﯾُ ِﻨﺠ ُﺐ ﻻ ِﲟﺎ� وﻻ ﺑ َﻌﻘﺎ ِرﻩ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ﴎﻓيﻮس ﺗُ ِﻠ ّﯿﻮس لﻠ ُﻤ ْﺠ َﺘ َﻤﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪ُ ُ� -‬ﺰرك‪:‬‬
‫�‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠْﺠﻮ �ﰶ ِﻧﻈﺎ ُم اﳌ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ز�ﺮ �‬ ‫اﻟﱫركُ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ واﻟ َﻌﻈ ُﲓ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ ﻟُ ِﻘّ َﺐ ﺑﻪ َاﻟﻮ ُ‬ ‫‪ُُ -‬‬
‫ٔأ �و ُل َﻣﻦ ﺑَﲎ اﳌَﺪا ِرس‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪ُ ُ�) :‬ﺰرك(‪.‬‬
‫‪� �ِ -‬ﺰ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴬعِ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ َذو ِات ا ٔ� ْرﺑَﻊِ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ ْ�ﺪ ُي ﻧ ْﻔ ُﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﯾُﻘﺎ َل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﱫ‪�َ :‬ﻠَﻤ ُﺔ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﺪ ِي‪ ،‬و َ�ﻠَﻤ ُﺔ � ْ‬ ‫‪�ِ -‬‬
‫اﻟﱫ �ا�ي ٔأ ْرﺿَ َﻌﻚ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ :‬ﺑئْ َﺲ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﱰﺑﯿ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ُرﺑِّيﳤَ ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺑئْ َﺲ ِ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺰو‪� /‬ﺰﺗﻮ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪�َ :‬ﻠَﻤ ُﺔ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﺪي‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺰﯾﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻮن‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ �اﻟﺮﻗيﻖ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱫ ُ‬‫‪ُْ -‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )�ﺰ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ �‬
‫اﻟﱫ‪ ،‬و)ﯾﻮن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺷبيﻪٌ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َﺷبي ُﻪ َ ّ‬
‫اﻟﱫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ � -‬ﺴ�ﺘﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﺗﲔ و�َﺴﺎﺗﻮن؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎن‪ :‬اﳊَﺪﯾﻘ ُﺔ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ٍ َ � :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟبُ ْﺴ� ُ‬
‫�ﺘﺎن َ ْﲢﻨﻮ �َ ْرد ٍَق ٔأ ْﻃ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﳞَ َ ُﺐ ا ِﳉ � َ� اﳉَﺮ ِاﺟ َﺮ ﰷﻟبُ ْﺴـ‪ِ ... * ...‬‬
‫‪۲۳۳‬‬
 ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑُﻮ ْﺳ�ﺘﺎن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﺑﻮ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻛﻨَﲔِ ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﲀن‪ ،‬و ُ� ِﺬﻓَ ِﺖ اﻟﻮ ُاو ﻻﻟْ ِﺘﻘﺎ ِء �‬ ‫ﻣﺎن ٔأو اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫و)ﺳ�ﺘﺎن( ﻻ ِﺣﻘ ٌﺔ ﺗُﻔيﺪُ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ �اﻟﺰ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺿ َﻊ �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ ا �ﻟﻄ ّﯿِﺒ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�َ ِﻠﻂَ َﻣﻦ َز َ َﰪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ‬‫اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﳼ َﻣ ْﺤﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ْ َ � -‬ﺲ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫وﲜ ْﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗَﻂْ ُﻣ َﺨﻔ�ﻔ ًﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻘﻮل ﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﺣ ْﺴ ُﺐ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺮب ﺗ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ َ � -‬ﺲ‪َ :‬ﺣ ْﺴ ُﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺗﴫ َف ﻓيﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﻚ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻪْ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻬ ًْﻼ‪ ،‬وا ْﻗ َﻄ ْﻊ‪ ،‬وا ْﻛ َﺘ ِﻒ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ �‬ ‫و �أ ْﻣ ِﺴ ْﻚ‪ ،‬وا ْﻛ ُﻔ ْﻒ‪ ،‬و� ِﻫ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪� َ � :‬ﺴﻚ و� َ ِ ّﴘ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪ْ َ �) :‬ﺲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ� � -‬ﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن ﻟ ٔ�ﻧْﱺ‪ِ� � :‬ﺴﺔ‪ ،‬و� َ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ ِﻤ َ‬
‫ﻠﻮن‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِب �ﺲ‪ :‬اﻟﻬ ّ ِِﺮ �ا� َﻛ ُﺮ ﺑ ِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ا ِﳊ ِ‬
‫�ﺎز‪ ،‬وﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻈ َﺘﲔِ َﻟﺰ ْﺟ ِﺮﻫﲈ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺴﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِْ � -‬ﺴﻄﺎم‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﻮك ﻓﺎ ِرس‪.‬‬ ‫� ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ َﻣ ِ ٍ‬‫‪ِْ � -‬ﺴﻄﺎم‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫ﯾﺐ َﻛ َﴪوا اﻟﺒﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أوﺳ�ﺘﺎم(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِِ � -‬ﺴ �� �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎت اﻟﻔﺮاﺷ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻘﻮل ّ ِاﻟﺰراﻋ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ْ ﻧﺮ �ﯿ ِ‬ ‫‪ِِ � -‬ﺴ ��‪ :‬ﰲ ِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫ﴫ‪ٔ :‬أ َ�ﺪُ اﻟ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫و� ٔأﻧْﻮا ٌع َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄ َﺒﺦ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻﯾْﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ (pisello) :‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(pisum) :‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫)‪� (pison‬ﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۳٤‬‬
 ‫ﴫة‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑَ ْ َ‬
‫وان ﰲ ِ�ﻼﻓ ِﺔ ُ َﲻ َﺮ َﺳ�ﻨَ َﺔ ‪ ١٨‬ﻫـ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴫةُ‪َ :‬ﻣﺪﯾﻨ ٌﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق ﺑَﻨﺎﻫﺎ ُﻋ ْﺘﺒ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ ﻏَ ْﺰ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْ َ‬
‫�ن‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻈﻤﻰ ِﻣﳯﲈ �ﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق‪ ،‬وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ‬ ‫�ن‪ :‬ﻫﲈ اﻟ َﺒ ْﴫ ُة واﻟﻜﻮﻓ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﴫ ُة ﺑ َ ْﴫ ِ‬ ‫واﻟ َﺒ ْﴫ ِ‬
‫ﺑ َ ْﴫ ٌة �أﺧﺮى �ﳌَﻐ ِﺮب‪.‬‬
‫ﻻن‪ :‬ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ٔ :‬أﻧ �ﻪ َﻋ َﺮ �ﰊ ُ ِّﲰ َﯿ ْﺖ ﻛﺬ� َﻟﺼﻼﺑ ِﺔ ٔأ ْر ِﺿﻬﺎ و ِ�ﻠَ ِﻈﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺎﻟ َﺒ ْﴫ ُة ﱔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻟَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻬﺎ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻠْﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْر ُض اﻟﻐَﻠﯿﻈ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وا ِﳊ�ﺎر ُة �‬
‫ﺜﲑ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ُﺮق‪.‬‬ ‫ﳼ ِﻣﻦ‪ْ َ �) :‬ﺲ َراﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬آي‪َ :‬ﻛ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫وا�ٓﺧ َُﺮ ٔآﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﺼﻤﺔ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﲈت‪،‬‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ :‬ﺑ َ َﺼ ٌ‬ ‫ُﻄﻮط ا ٔ�ﺻﺎ ِﺑﻊِ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌﻼﻣ ُﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﺼﻤ ُﺔ‪� :‬ﻧ ِْﻄﺒﺎ ُع �ا�ي ﺗ َُﱰ ُﻛﻪ ﺧ ُ‬
‫ﰟ �ﻠﯿﻪ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺼﻤ َﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺳﻮرﯾ � َﺔ‬ ‫ﲈش‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ر َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪ :‬ﺑ َ َﺼ َﻢ اﻟ ِﻘ َ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎن ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟُ َ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﺎﻓ ٌﺔ ﺑ َ ْﺼﻤ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﻟﻨَ ْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﻠْﻮى اﳌَﻀْ ﻐﻮﻃ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫� َ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ ِﻤ َ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(basma) :‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﺼﺪَ ٌر )‪ ،(basmak‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻊ‪ ،‬وﺧ َ ََﱲ‪،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫وﺿَ َﻐﻂَ‪.‬‬
‫ﻄﺎرخ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑَ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ِﻚ اﳌ ُ َﻤﻠ � ُﺢ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َﻔﺮدُﻩ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎر�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻄﺎرخُ ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﯿ ُﺾ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(batrakhos) :‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،(boutargue) :‬‬
‫و� ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(bottarga) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑِﻄﺎﻗ ٌﺔ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪار ﻣﺎ ُﳚ َﻌ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ؛ إن ﰷن َﻋ ْﯿﻨًﺎ َﻓﻮ ْزﻧ ُﻪ ٔأو‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒِﻄﺎﻗ ُﺔ‪ُ :‬ر ْﻗﻌ ٌﺔ َﺻﻐﲑ ٌة ﯾُﺜبَ ُﺖ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣ ْﻘ ُ‬
‫ﰷن َﻣتﺎ�ًﺎ ﻓث َ َﻤ ُﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻗي َﻞ ُ ِّﲰ َﯿ ْﺖ ﺑﺬ�؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ �ُﺸَ �ﺪ ﺑِﻄﺎﻗ ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِب‪،‬‬ ‫�َﺪَ دُﻩ‪ ،‬وٕان َ‬
‫ﴫ‪ ،‬و�ﺎ َء ﰲ‬ ‫ﻌﲈل ﲟِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓتﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﺎ ُء ﺣيﻨَﺌ ٍﺬ زاﺋِﺪةً‪ .‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ َﻛﺜﲑ ُة � ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪۲۳٥‬‬
 ‫ﻌﻮن ِ ِﲭ �ﻼ ﻓﳱﺎ ﺧَﻄﺎ� ُﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺨﺮ ُج � ِ� ْﺴﻌ ٌﺔ و ِ� ْﺴ َ‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪) :‬ﯾُ ْﺆﰏ ِ� َﺮ ُ� ٍﻞ ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم اﻟ ِﻘيﺎﻣ ِﺔ ﻓ ُي َ‬‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫ﷲ‪ْ َ ،‬ﻓﱰ َﺟ ُﺢ ﲠِ ﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ُوﳜ َﺮ ُج � ﺑِﻄﺎﻗ ٌﺔ ﻓﳱﺎ َﺷﻬﺎد ُة ٔأ ْن ﻻ ٕا َ� ا �ٕﻻ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ‪-‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﺑﻨﺪﱄ ﺟﻮزي‪ُ -‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(pittaki-on) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬الﻠ � ْﻮحِ‬
‫و َاﻟﻮ َرﻗ ِﺔ و ّ ِاﻟﺮﺳﺎ�‪� ،‬ﲆ ٔأ �ن �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﺑ ِﺘﻚ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬
‫ﳼ َﻣآٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،() :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺮﺳﺎ ِ� ٔآو �‬
‫اﻟﺼ ّﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ّ ِاﻟﺮﺳﺎ ِ�‪ ،‬و ٔآ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﻄ َﺮك‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺳﺎدات‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻄ َﺮكُ واﻟﺒ َِﻄ ْﺮكُ ‪ُ :‬ﻣﻘ �ﺪ ُم اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺒ ِْﻄﺮ ُﯾﻖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪُ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫ﲳ �ﻌﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻄﺎرﻛ ٌﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْ َ‬
‫ﯾﻚ‪ ،‬وﺑ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺠﻮس‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﺑَﻄﺎ ِركُ ‪ ،‬وﺑَﻄﺎ ِر ُ‬ ‫اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﴚ اﻟﺒ َِﻄ ْﺮ ِك �ﻠﯿ ِﻪ َرﯾْﻂُ َﻛﺘ� ِﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻮا ِﻫ َﺮ ﻓَ ْﺮدًا ﻻ ٔأ َﻟﯿﻒ ُ� * َﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫ﯾ َ ْﻌﻠﻮ �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ِ ،(patriacha) :‬ﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ اﻟﯿﻮ� ِ ّﱐ ‪ ،peter‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬
‫ا ٔ�ب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ ِِّﻄﯿﺦٌ ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت ُﻋ ْﺸ� �ﱯ َﺣ ْﻮ �ﱄ ُﻣتَﻤ ِّﺪ ٌد �ُ َﺰر ُع ﻟ ِﺜﲈ ِرﻩ ِﰲ اﳌَﻨﺎ ِﻃ ِﻖ اﳌ ُ ْﻌﺘ ِﺪ ِ� وا�� ا ِﻓئ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒ ِِّﻄﯿﺦُ ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ :‬ا ِّﻟﻄ ِ ّﺒﯿﺦُ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة ِﻣنﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﺎز ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ﺛَ َﻤﺮﺗُﻪ َﻛﺒِﲑ ٌة ُﻛ َﺮوﯾ � ٌﺔ �أو ُﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘﻄﯿ ٌ�‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻫ ُﻞ ا ِﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺑ ِِّﻄﯿ� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺑْ َﻄﺦَ اﻟ َﻘﻮ ُم‪َ :‬ﻛ ُ َﱶ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﱒ اﻟﺒ ِِّﻄﯿﺦ‪.‬‬
‫�ﺎز‪:‬‬‫ْﴬ‪ُ � -‬ﺴ ِّﻤﯿﻪ ٔأ ْﻫ ُﻞ اﳌ َ ْﻐ ِﺮ ِب‪) :‬د �َﻻع(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻫ ُﻞ ا ِﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﺪي ِﻣنﻪ ‪-‬وﻫﻮ ا ٔ�ﺧ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ٔأﻧْﻮا ٌع؛ ﻓﺎﻟﻬِ ْﻨ �‬
‫ﯿﲏ ﻓﻬﻮ ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ �‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪�)ِ :‬بﺲ(‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ اﻟﺒ ِِّﻄﯿﺦُ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ �‬ ‫) َﺣ ْب َﺤﺐ(‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫و"اﻟﻘيﻮن" �ﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫"ا ِﳋ ْ ِﺮ� ُﺰ" �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(fatika) :‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬

‫‪۲۳٦‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻂّ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﻮر اﳌﺎ ِء‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪ :‬ﺑ َ �ﻄ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و� َ ْﺴ�ﺘﻮي ﻓيﻪ �ا� َﻛ ُﺮ وا ٔ�ﻧْﱺ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﺑ َ �ﻄ ٌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒﻂ�‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ ُﻃ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎرﻩ و ِﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺒﺎرﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮب ﺗُﻄ ِﻠ ُﻖ "اﻻ َٕو �ز" �ﲆ ِﺻ ِ‬ ‫ٔأﻧْﱺ وﺑ َ �ﻄ ٌﺔ َذ َﻛ ٌﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑ َ ْﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻐْﺪاذ‪:‬‬
‫ْﺪان‪ ،‬و َﻣﻐْﺪان‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ :‬ﺑَﻐْﺪادُ‪ ،‬وﺑَﻐ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻐْﺪا ُذ‪ :‬اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ُﺔ اﳌ َ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﺑَﻎْ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪)َ :‬ﺻ َﲌ(‪ ،‬و)داذ(؛ ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪َ ) :‬ﻋﻄﺎء(‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﺗَ َﺘ �‬
‫وﱔ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ ِﲌ ‪ ،‬وﻟَﻌ �ﻞ‬
‫ﰷن �َ َﻜﺮ ُﻩ ﻗَ ْﻮ َل )ﺑَﻐْﺪاذ(؛ ٔ� �ن ﻓﳱﺎ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ �‬ ‫ﲳ �ﻌﻲ َ‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأ �ن ا ٔ� ْ َ‬
‫ﻤﻮن ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‪ ،‬و َﺟ َﻌﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺪاﻟَﲔِ )ﺑَﻐْﺪادَ(؛‬ ‫اﻟﺴبَ َﺐ ﰲ ٔأن �ﺎ َد اﳌُﺴ ِﻠ َ‬ ‫ﰷن �‬ ‫ذ� َ‬
‫ﺣﲓ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ )ﺑَﻐْﺪاذ(؛‬
‫ﺘﻮر‪ /‬ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪَ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ا�� ْﻛ َ‬
‫اﻟﴩ ِك ‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﺧ َْﻮﻓًﺎ ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ ْ‬
‫ذاﻻ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ٔأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺤ ْﺖ ﰲ‬
‫ﻄﺮﻓ َﺔ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﺗ َُﻨﻄ ُﻖ ﰲ ٔأوا ِﺧ ِﺮ ُﲻ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ ً‬ ‫وذ� ٔأ �ن ا�� ا َل اﳌ ُ َﺘ ّ ِ‬
‫داﻻ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ٔأ �ن )ﺑﻎْ( َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ ُﲌ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜن�ﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ ً‬
‫��ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا �ﻟﺴنْ ِﺴﻜﺮﯾتي� ِﺔ‪ ،bhagwan :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﰷن ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ )ﷲ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ذو ِﺻ ٍ� َ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟ َﻘﺪ ِﱘ َ‬
‫ﷲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﻘﺪو ِ�ﺲ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎت‪َ ُ� ،‬ﺰر ُع ﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ ٔأ ْورا ِﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻘﺪو ِ� ُﺲ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﻘ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ ﻓَﺼﯿ ِ� اﳋَ ْﯿﻤ �ﯿ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪.‬‬‫�‬
‫ﺤﺮ ٌف ﻋﻦ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) (macdonisi-on) :‬ﻣ ْﻘﺪو�ﺲ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �‬
‫ﺒﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣ ْﻘﺪوﻧﯿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ �ا�ي ﯾَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ َو َﻃ ِﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨ� ِ‬

‫‪۲۳۷‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺑُ ْﻘ ُﺴﲈط �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﲁ ٔأ ْﻗﺮ ٍاص ٔأو‬ ‫وﳚﻔ� ُﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﲆ َﺷ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻘ ُﺴ ُﲈط‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﳋ ْ ُِﱫ‪� ،‬ا�ي ُﳜ َ ُﱫ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿ� ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴫ ﯾ َ ِﻨﻄﻘﻮﻧ َﻪ ﺑﺼﻮر ِﺗﻪ �‬ ‫�ﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳌَﻐ ِﺮ ِب � ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ‪ِْ � :‬ﺸﲈط‪ ،‬وﰲ ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫)ﺑُ ْﻘ ُﺴﲈط(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛﺮوا � ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﲔِ ؛ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪�) :‬ﻜﺴﲈت(‪،‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ٕا �ﻣﺎ ٔأن َ‬
‫ﻼث َﻣ �ﺮات‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﻮز ﺛَ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪) :‬ﭘُﺨﺖ ﺳ ��ﲓ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْﺨ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(paxamas) :‬وﻫﻮ اﳋ ْ ُُﱫ اﳌ َ ْﺨ ُ‬
‫ﺒﻮز َﻣ �ﺮﺗَﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأو َ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ‪.(paksimet) :‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ ﺑ َﺘ َﻮ �ﺳﻂِ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ � ْ‬ ‫ٔأو ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﻘ ِﺸيﺶ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ ِﻣﻦ ﻧ ُﻘﻮ ٍد‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬اﳊُﻠْﻮان‪،‬‬ ‫ﻄﺎﰪ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻘ ِﺸ ُيﺶ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُ ْﻌﻄﺎﻩ �َﺪَ ُم اﻟ َﻔنﺎ ِد ِق واﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣي� ِﺔ ﯾُ َﻨﻄ ُﻖ �ﳋﺎ ِء‪ْ َ ) :‬ﲞﺸيﺶ(‪ِ ،‬ﻃ ْﺒ ًﻘﺎ ﻟ ٔ� ْﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َ�ﺎت �‬ ‫وﰲ الﻠ�ﻬ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮر ِة‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲠﺬﻩ �‬
‫)ﲞ ِﺸﺶ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َد َ� َﻞ ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ الﻠ�ﻬ ِ‬
‫َ�ﺎت ﺑ َﺘأٔ ِﺛﲑ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و �أﺑ ِﺪﻟَ ِﺖ اﳋﺎ ُء ﻗﺎﻓًﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫)‪ ،(bahsis‬و َد َ� َﻞ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ )�ﻏﺸﺶ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﻄﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ � ْ‬
‫َِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻘ�ﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒﻘ� ُﻢ‪ِ :‬ﺻ ْﺒ ٌﻎ ٔأ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎش ﺑَﻘ� ُﻤ ْﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺒﺎغِ َ‬ ‫ِﳈ ْﺮ َ� ِﻞ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� َ�) :‬ﲂ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﻜ ِتﲑ�‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻜ ِتﲑ�‪ :‬ﰷ�ِ ٌﻦ دَﻗيﻖٌ ﻻ �ُﺮى �ﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ اﳌ ُ �‬
‫ﺠﺮد ِة‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ �ُﺮى � ِﳌﺠﻬَ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ ِبّ ُﺐ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْﻣﺮاض‪.‬‬
‫‪۲۳۸‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(bakterion) :‬وﻫﻮ‬‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،bacteria :‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫وﲰ َﻲ ذ� ا�ﲀ�ِ ُﻦ ا�� ُ‬
‫ﻗيﻖ ﲠِ ﺬا � ِ‬
‫ﰟ؛‬ ‫ﻐﲑ‪ ،(baktron) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌﻮ ُد واﻟ َﻌﺼﺎ‪ِّ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗ َْﺼ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﲁ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ اﻟﻌﻮ َد ﰲ �‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ َﻼس‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ َﻼ ُس‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﺴ ُﺢ‪ْ َ ،‬ﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺑُﻠُﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)ﭘﻼس(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﻼﺳتيﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِ -‬ﺑ ْ‬
‫تيﻚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �د ٌة ِﻣﻦ �اﻟ�ا�ِ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ َﺳ� ْﺒ ُﻜﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻗَﻮا ِﻟ َﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ �د ٌة � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم‬
‫ِﻼﺳ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒ ْ‬
‫ﯿﺎء َﻛﺜﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ِﺻﻨﺎ� ِﺔ ٔأ ْﺷ� َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(plastikos) :‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ِﺑ ٌﻞ لﻠت�ﺸَ �ﲁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻼط‪:‬‬
‫ﻼط‪ :‬ا ِﳊ�ﺎر ُة اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ َُﻔﺮ ُش ﰲ ا�� ِار‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْر ُض اﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ِﻮﯾ ُﺔ اﳌَﻠْﺴﺎء‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﴫ اﳌَﻠَ ّ‬
‫ﲄ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ ْ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(palatium) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻣ َﻘ ّ ِﺮ ر ٔأ ِس ا�� ْو ِ�؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ ُدؤا ٍد‬
‫ٕ�دي‪:‬‬
‫اﻻ �‬
‫ﻼط � ُﺸﺎ ُد ��ٓ ُﺟ ِ‬
‫ﺮون‬ ‫ﰷن ذا َﻛﺘﺎ ِﺋ َﺐ ﺧ ْ ٍ‬
‫ُﴬ * وﺑ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﻟﻘﺪ َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻠَ ُﻜﻮﻧ ٌﺔ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒﻠَ ُﻜﻮﻧ ُﺔ‪ْ � :‬‬
‫اﻟﴩﻓ ُﺔ واﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻓﺬ ُة اﳌ ُ �‬
‫ﻄ�‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(balcone) :‬‬

‫‪۲۳۹‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﺑﻠ � ْﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎض‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺒﻠ � ْﻮ ُر‪َ :‬ﺟﻮﻫ ٌَﺮ ٔأﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ َﺷﻔ� ٌﺎف‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺰ�ﺎجِ اﻟﻨ� ِﻘ ّ ِﻲ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎﺻﻊ ِ اﻟ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻼث ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ِ :‬ﺑﻠ � ْﻮ ٌر‪ ،‬و ِﺑﻠَ ْﻮ ٌر‪ ،‬و ِﺑﻠ�ﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛَ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِﻞ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫�ْ‬
‫‪ّ َ -‬ﰈ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱬ‪َ :‬اﻟﻮ�َ ُﺮ اﻟﻐَﻠﯿﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْو ِ�ر اﻟ ُﻌﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪�َ -‬‬
‫)ﰈ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﻨﺞ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّﺐ ﰲ اﻟﺘ��ْﺪ� ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎ�ت ا ِّﻟﻄ ِ ّﺒ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌُ� ِّﺪر ِة‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰲ ِّ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻨ ُﺞ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬ﺑَﻨ� َﺞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪�َ :‬ﺪ�ر‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﯾﱵ‪ْ ،(bhanga) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑ َ ْﻨﮓ(‪ ،‬وﺗ َْﻮ �أ ُﻣﻬﺎ ا �ﻟﺴنْ ِﺴﻜﺮ �‬
‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﻨ َﺠﺮ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﻮﻧْﺪَ َر(‪ ،‬وﰲ ا ٔ� ْرد ُِّن‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻨ َﺠ ُﺮ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﳋ َْﴬاو ِات‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ﰲ ﺳﻮرﯾ � َﺔ‪� ) :‬‬
‫ﻄﲔ‪� :‬‬
‫)اﻟﺸ َﻤ ْﻨﺪَ ر(‪.‬‬ ‫و ِﻓﻠَ ْﺴ َ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(pancar) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﻨﺪَ ر �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒِﻼ ِد اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﲀن ا ْﺟ ِتﲈعِ اﻟﺘ� �� ِﺎر ﰲ اﳌُﺪُ ِن‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻨﺪَ ُر‪َ :‬ﻣ ُ‬
‫َﻣﺮ َﻛ ِﺰ اﳌُ�ﺎﻓَﻈ ِﺔ �ا�ي ﺗَتْ َب ُﻌﻪ ﻗُ ًﺮى ِ� �ﺪ ٌة‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �َ َ ٌﲅ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬ﺑَﻨﺎ ِد َر‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻮن اﳌَﻌﺎ ِد َن‪َ ،‬ﻛﺜﲑو اﳌﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫وﱒ اﻟﺘ� �� ُﺎر �ا��ﻦ ﯾَﻠْ َﺰ َ‬‫ﺪار ُﻣ َﻔﺮ ُد اﻟ َﺒﻨﺎ ِدر ِة‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ُﺒ ْﻨ ُ‬
‫‪۲٤۰‬‬
‫ﺮور اﻟ َﻘﻮا ِﻓ ِﻞ اﻟ ِﺘّ�ﺎرﯾ � ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﲀن ا ْﺟ ِتﲈعِ اﻟﺘ� �� ِﺎر و ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑ َ ْﻨﺪَ ر(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣ ُ‬
‫ﳼ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ َﻛ ْﻮﻧ ُﻪ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم ﻓ ُي ْﺤﳣ َ ُﻞ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ‬ ‫واﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� �و ُل ُﻣت�� ٌﺬ ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر ِّ‬
‫�ﺎري( ﰲ ا�� ْو ِ� اﻟ ُﻌﺜْﲈﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑ َ ْﻨﺪَ ر‪َ /‬ﺷﻬْ َﺒ ْﻨﺪَ ر(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ اﻟﺘ� �� ِﺎر )اﳌُﻠ َﺤ ِﻖ اﻟ ِﺘّ ِ ّ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ � َ ْﺴﻤﯿ ِﺔ َر ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑُ ْﻨﺪُ ق‪:‬‬
‫لﻠﱱﯾﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻨﺪُ ُق‪َ :‬ﴭ ٌَﺮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﺼﯿ ِ� اﻟ َﺒﺘﻮﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ِﻣنﻪ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع �ُ َﺰر ُع ﻟﺜَ َﻤ ِﺮﻩ و ٔأﻧْﻮا ٌع �ُ َﺰر ُع � ْ‬
‫ﴪ ﻋﻦ ﻟُ ٍ ّﺐ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬ا ِﳉﻠ � ُﻮز‪ ،‬واﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬ﺑُ ْﻨﺪُ ﻗ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﺛَ َﻤ ٌﺮ �ُ َﻜ � ُ‬
‫اﻟﻄﲔِ �ُ ْﺮﱉ وﯾُ َﻘﺬ ُف ﲠﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ات ِﻣﻦ ِّ‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒﻨﺎ ِد ُق‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﻔنْﺪُ ُق ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ‪ٔ -‬أﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ُ -‬ﻛﺮ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﯿ ِﺪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳌ ُ َﺘ ِ ّنﱯ‪:‬‬
‫تﺎل و �‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ِ‬
‫ﴘ اﻟ َﺒﻨﺎ ِد ِق‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻖ اﻟ ِﻌﻈﺎ ُم � َﻜ ِّﻔﻪ * دَﻗﺎﺋِ َﻖ ﻗﺪ ٔأ ْﻋ َﯿ ْﺖ ِﻗ ِ �‬ ‫ُﺼيﺐ اﳌَ�ﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺗ ُ‬
‫َﻄﻮ َر الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﻟ َﯿﺪُ �ل �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻟـ )اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻨﺪُ ﻗي�ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﺗ �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑُ ْﻨﺪُ ق وﻓُ ْنﺪُ ق(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ دَﺧي ٌﻞ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫)‪ْ �ِ ،(pontik-on‬ﺴ�ﺒ ًﺔ إﱃ )‪ ،(pont-os‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺮ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮدُ‪ ،‬و�ﲆ َﺷﻮا ِﻃ ِﺌﻪ ﯾَﻨبُ ُﺖ‬
‫اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻨﺪُ ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻨَ ْﻔ َﺴﺞ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت َﻃ ّﯿ ُِﺐ �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒﻨَ ْﻔ َﺴ ُﺞ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑَﻨَ ْﻔﺸَ ﻪ(‪.‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑُ ْﻨﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ إﱃ ﺑُ ْﻨ ِﻜﻪ اﳋَﺒيﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎس‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬رد�ﻩ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻨ ُﻚ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ وا ٔ� ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪) :‬ﺑُ ْﻨﮓ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٤۱‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﲠُ َﺎر‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ﳢُ ُﺎر‪ :‬ا ِﳊ ْﻤ ُﻞ و ِﻣ ْﻜيﺎ ٌل ﯾُ َﻮز ُن ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ � ُﺴﺎوي ﺛَﻼﺛَ ِﻤﺌ ِﺔ ِر ْﻃﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫و َِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﲠَ َﺎر‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت �ُﺰ ِﻫ ُﺮ ﰲ �اﻟﺮﺑﯿﻊِ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ َاﻟﻮ َر ِق‪ٔ ،‬أ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ َاﻟﻮ َﺳﻂِ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨَ ْﻮ �‬
‫�ﺮي‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ﳢَ َ ُﺎر‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫ُ َﳛ ِﻠ ّﳱﺎ اﳋُﺰاﱉ وا ٔ�ﻗﺎ� * و�َ ْﻜﺴﻮﻫﺎ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﻘﺎﺋِ َﻖ وا�ﳢَ ﺎرا‬
‫ﻬﻮرﻩ ﯾَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ َﻣﺠﻲ ِء‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲠَ ﺎر(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ُ‬
‫ﻮﰟ �اﻟﺮﺑﯿﻊِ؛ ٔ� �ن ُﻇ َ‬
‫�اﻟﺮﺑﯿﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲠَ ْ َﺮﻣﺎن‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺼ ُﻔ ِﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮا ِ�ﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأﻗَ �ﻞ ُ ْﲪﺮ ًة ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎن وا�ﳢَ ْ َﺮ ُم‪ :‬ﻧ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ﳢَ ْ َﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨَ ْﻮ�َ �‬
‫ﺮي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺎﻗﻮت ا ٔ� ْ َﲪﺮ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ا �� ْر ُﺟﻮان‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺠﺰ ٌع �‬
‫�ﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮا‪ِ ... * ...‬ن ُﻣﻠ �ﻤ ٌﻊ ��ﳢَ ْ َﺮﻣ ِﺎن ُﻣ َﺮ �ﺻ ُﻊ‬ ‫� �� ْﻗ ُﺤﻮ ِان ُﻣ �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲠَ ْﺮا ِﻣﻦ ٔأو ﲠَ ْﺮا َﻣﻦ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َزﻫ ُْﺮ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺼ ُﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ﳢَ َﻂّ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻤ ِﻦ‪ ،‬وا ِ�ﺪﺗُﻪ‪ :‬ﲠَ َ �ﻄﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ اﳌُﻬﻠ�ﺒ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ﳢَ َﻂ�‪ :‬ا �� ُر �ز ﯾُﻄ َﺒﺦُ �لﻠ � َ ِﱭ و �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲠَ َﺖ(‪ ،‬وﱔ َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲠَ َﺘ�ﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫و َِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﲠَ َﻖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ِص؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯿﺎض ﰲ ا ِﳉ ْ ِ� ٔأﻗَ �ﻞ ِﻣﻦ َ َ‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ﳢَ َ ُﻖ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ٌ‬
‫ٔ�ﻧ � ُﻪ ﰲ ا ِﳉ ْ ِ� ﺗ َْﻮﻟﯿ ُﻊ ا�ﳢَ َ ْﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲠﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪۲٤۲‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﲠَ ْﻠَﻮ ٌان �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﰷت‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨ ُْﺺ �ا�ي ﯾ َ ْﻤﴚ �ﲆ اﳊَ ْﺒ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َﻣﻦ ﯾَﻘﻮ ُم َﲝ َﺮ ٍ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ﳢَ ْﻠَﻮ ُان‪� :‬‬
‫ﰷت ﲠَ ْﻠَﻮاﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼن َﲝ َﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﯾَﻘﻮ ُم ﻓُ ٌ‬ ‫ِﺟ ْﺴﲈﻧ �ﯿ ٍﺔ َﺻ ْﻌﺒ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﺎر ُع واﻟ َﺒ َﻄ ُﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ (pehlivan) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ِ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻠﻮل ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ�ﺎعُ‪َ ،‬وز َ َﰪ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ ا�ﳢُ ْ ِ‬ ‫)�ﻠﻮان(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ِﻮ �ي �‬
‫ُﴩ ٔأ �ي ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱂ � ِ ْ‬
‫�ﲁ � ْ ٍَﲑ‪ُ -‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ )�ﻠﻮان( ِ‬ ‫و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺴ� ّﯿِﺪُ اﳉﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ ِّ‬
‫ﻠﻮل( ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪.‬‬‫اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ِء إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮ ِن )ا�ﳢُ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَﻮدَﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ﺑَﻮﺗَﻘ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﺋِﻎ ِ �ا�ي � َ ْﺴ�ﺘ� ِﺪ ُﻣﻪ لﻠﺘ� ْﺬو ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒﻮدَﻗ ُﺔ‪ِ :‬و�ﺎ ُء �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﻮﺗﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑُﻮز �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒ ُﻮز‪ُ :‬ﻣﻘ �ﺪ ُم ﻓَ ِﻢ اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻔ ِﻢ ﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َﺳ ِ‬
‫بيﻞ‬
‫�ﺎن وا �� ِّم لﻠ ُﺠ ْﺰ ِء اﻟﺒﺎ ِر ِز ِﻣﻦ ﻓَ ِﻢ ا ٕﻻ�ْﺴﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫� ْﺳ�ﳤِ ْ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﻮز(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑُﻮﻇﺔ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﺼﲑ اﻟ َﻔﻮا ِﻛ ِﻪ اﳌُﺠ �ﻤﺪُ )ا�ٓ�ﺲ �ﺮﱘ( ﰲ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ ٔآﻫ ِْﻞ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒﻮﻇ ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻋ ُ‬
‫ﺤﻄ ُﺔ ﰲ ِﻣ ْﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ َﺒﻘ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﻨ �‬
‫ﴩﺑُﻪ �‬‫َﴍ ٍاب ُﻣﺴ ِﻜ ٍﺮ ِﻣ ِثﻞ اﻟﺒِﲑ ِة � َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﴩ ُاب اﳌ َ ْﺼﻨﻮ ُع‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(boza) :‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ )ﺑﻮزﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫َﻗيﻖ �ا�ر ِة اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿﻀﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ا �� ُر ِّز ود ِ‬

‫‪۲٤۳‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒﻮص‪:‬‬
‫ﻮص‪ :‬اﳊَﺮ ُ�ﺮ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿﺾ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(٩...) :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑُ ْﻮﺻ� �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻮﺻ ُ�‪ُ �ِ :‬ﺎز ا ٕﻻ ْ�ﺮ ِة ا ِﳌ ْﻐﻨﺎﻃيﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰲ َ ْﲢﺪﯾ ِﺪ ا ِﳉﻬﺎت‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(pusula) :‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(bussola) :‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﻮﴆ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﴆ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﻔ ِﻦ؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﻃ َﺮﻓ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﺒ ِ �‬
‫ﻮﴆ ﺑ ِﺪ ْ� َ� ُﻣﺼ ِﻌ ِﺪ‬ ‫ُ�ﺴ �ﲀ ِن ﺑُ ِ ٍّ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑُﻮزي(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬اﻟﺰ ْو َرق‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَﯿﺎﻧﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ُﴬ ُب‬ ‫ذات ٔآﺻﺎ ِﺑ َﻊ ِﻣﻦ �ﺎجٍ إذا ﺿُ ِﻐﻂَ �ﻠﳱﺎ َﺣ �ﺮ َﻛ ْﺖ َﻣنﺎ ِﻗ َﻞ ﺗ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒﯿﺎﻧﻮ‪ :‬آ آ ٌ� ﻣﻮﺳ�ﯿﻘي� ٌﺔ ُ‬
‫ﺪوق ا� آ ِ�‪� َ ،‬ﰎ ا� ِْﱰاﻋُﻬﺎ �ﺎ َم ‪.١٧١١‬‬ ‫�ﲆ ٔآ ْو ٍ�ر ُﳓﺎﺳ� �ﯿ ٍﺔ ﰲ ُﺻ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(piano) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﯿ�ﺎﻣﺔ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﯿ�ﺎﻣ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ُب �ا�ي ﯾُﻨﺎ ُم ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬اﳌَﻨﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(pyjamas) :‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ردﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﺎﳚﺎﻣﻪ(‪ ،‬و َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ َﻣ َﻘﻄ َﻌﲔِ ‪) :‬ﭘﺎي(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ� ِﻞ‪ ،‬و)�ﺎﻣﻪ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ ﺗَ َﺘ �‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻔيﻒ‬ ‫وال اﳋ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﰲ ا ٔ�ردﯾ � ِﺔ �ﲆ ِ ّ ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﺎس �اﻟﺮ ُ� ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓيﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬ﻟ َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﰷن ﯾَﻠبَ ُﺴﻪ اﻟﻬُﻨﻮدُ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ َ� َﺬﻫﺎ اﻻ ْٕﳒ ُﻠﲒ و ٔأ ْﻃﻠَﻘﻮﻫﺎ �ﲆ َﻣﻼ� ِِﺲ اﻟﻨ� ْﻮ ِم اﳌ ُ �‬
‫ﻜﻮﻧ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮ ِاﺳﻊ ِ �ا�ي َ‬
‫ﻼق اﳉ ُْﺰ ِء �ﲆ ُ ّ‬
‫ا�ﲁ‪.‬‬ ‫بيﻞ ا ْٕﻃ ِ‬
‫ﻤﯿﺺ‪� ،‬ﲆ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﴎوالٍ وﻗَ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ِ ْ‬

‫‪ -۹‬ﺳﻘط ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٤٤‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْ َﲑق‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ :‬ﺑَﯿﺎ ِرق‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْ َﲑ ُق‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ َ ُﲅ و �اﻟﺮاﯾ ُﺔ وال ِﻠ ّﻮا ُء‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪) :‬ﺑ َ ْ َﲑق(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْ َﲑم‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْ َﲑ ُم‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ َﺘ ُ�‪ٔ ،‬أو ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َﻋ َﺘ ِ� اﻟﻨ� �� ِﺎر ِﺑﺼﻔ ٍﺔ �‬
‫�ﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ �ﲆ ذ� ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﻋﻘ� َﺐ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْ َﲑم‪ْ ،‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ )�رﻣﺎﻩ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬ﻣث َﻘ ِﺐ‬ ‫َﳚ ِْﺪ ِﻣث َﻞ ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫)اﻟﱪﳝﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰟ َ ِّ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� �� ِﺎر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َد َ� َﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎ ِ ّﻣي� ِﺔ � ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َِﲑة‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﲑ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ ِﻜ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬ا ِﳉ َﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫َبيﺬ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒ َِﲑةُ‪ :‬ﻧ ُ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،bira :‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ‪ٕ � birra‬ﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ َﺟ ّ‬
‫ﺮﻣﺎﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ َ ْﲒار‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎزي‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ �ﻼ ُح واﳊ �َﺮ ُاث‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨ ُْﺺ �ا�ي َﳛ ِﻤ ُﻞ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﲒ ُار‪� :‬‬
‫ﯿﺎزرة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎز ُ�ر‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ‪-‬ﰲ ِ� اﳌ َ ْﻌﻨ َﯿﲔِ ‪ُ -‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� �و ِل‪ْ :‬‬
‫)�زدار(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‬
‫)�ز�ر(‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ْ :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑِﯿﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑِﯿﻚ‪ :‬ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ ﯾُﻤﻨَ ُﺢ لﻠ َﻤﺪَ ﻧ ّﯿ َِﲔ واﻟ َﻌﺴ َﻜ ِﺮﯾ ّ َِﲔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬رﺋيﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬

‫‪۲٤٥‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺑِﯿ ْﻜ ِ‬
‫بﺎﳾ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑِﯿ ْﻜ ِ‬
‫بﺎﳾ‪ُ :‬رﺗﺒ ٌﺔ ﻋَﺴ َﻜ ِﺮﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﯿﮕبﺎﳾ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ "ﺑﯿﮓ"‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِﻒ‪ ،‬و"�ش"‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﺋيﺲ ا ٔ�ﻟْﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓيﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ر َ‬
‫ﺋيﺲ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ�ر ْﺳ�ﺘﺎن‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﲀن اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺪ ﻻٕﻗﺎﻣ ِﺔ اﳌ َ ْﺮﴇ و ُﻣﻌﺎﻟَﺠﳤِ ﻢ؛ اﳌ ُ ْﺴت َ ْﺸﻔﻰ‪.‬‬
‫�ﺘﺎن‪ :‬اﳌ َ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒِ� ِرﺳ ُ‬
‫ﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﺑ�ر(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣﺮ ٍﯾﺾ‪ ،‬و)ﺳ�ﺘﺎن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪ ،‬وﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫َﻣﲀن‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘّﺎء‬

‫‪� -‬ﺑِﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ�ﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْ�ﺰ ُار اﳌُﻄ ّﯿِﺒ ُﺔ ﻟ ٔ� ْﻃ ِﻌﻤ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ﺗَﻮا ِﺑ َﻞ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ِ � :‬ﺑ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗَأ�ﺑ َ ٌﻞ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ َم؛ ٔأي ٔأﻟْﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺗ َْﻮﺑ َ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗَ َﺒ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﳯﺎ ٔأﻓْ ً‬
‫ﻌﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﺗَ َﺒ َﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗَ �ﺒ َﻞ‪ َ� ،‬ﺑ َ َﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗ َْﻮﺑ َ َﻞ �‬
‫ﺮﰊ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ�ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ﻟَﺒﯿﺪُ ُ�ﻦ َرﺑﯿﻌ َﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓيﻪ ا ٔ� ْ�ﺰ َار‪ ،‬و ُﻣﻘﺎﺑ ُِ� اﻟ َﻌ �‬
‫ﺘﯿﻖ )اﻟﺘ�ﻮاﺑِﻼ(‬ ‫ﻓَﺴﺎﻓَ ْﺖ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ َﻋﻬْﺪَ ُﻩ ﺑأٔﻧ ِيﺴ ِﻪ * َﻛﲈ �ﺎﻟَﻂَ اﳋَ �ﻞ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗَ َﺒﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬ج‪:‬‬
‫� ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﻫ َِﺐ واﳉَﻮا ِﻫ ِﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻌﲈﻣ ُﺔ وا ٕﻻ ْﳇﯿ ُﻞ‪� ،‬ﲆ‬ ‫ﺒﺎس �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِس لﻠ َﻤ ِ ِ‬‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� ُﺎج‪ِ :‬ﻟ ُ‬
‫اﻟت � ْﺸبي ِﻪ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ )ﺗ �َﻮ َج(‪ ،‬و) ُﻣتَ �ﻮج(‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ٍ‬
‫ﺗﯿ�ﺎن‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ‬
‫ﺮب(‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫ﺣﺴ ُﺎن ُ�ﻦ �ﺑ ٍِﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﯿ�ﺎن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﲈﰂ ُ‬ ‫وان‪) :‬اﻟ َﻌ ِ ُ‬
‫� ِ�ﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َ‬‫اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻜﲔ * ِﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ذي )اﻟﺘ�ﺎجِ( َﻣ ْ� ِﻠﴘ و َﻣﲀﱐ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ٔأراﱐ ﻫﻨﺎك َﺣ �ﻖ َﻣ ٍ‬
‫َور ُ� ٌﻞ �ﺋِ ٌﺞ‪ٔ :‬أي ذو �جٍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ِ ْﳘ ُ‬
‫ﯿﺎن ُ�ﻦ ﻗُ�ﺎﻓ َﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗَ َﻘ �ﺪ َم اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس اﻻٕﻣﺎ َم )اﻟﺘ� ِﺎﲗﺎ(‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗﻮﺟﻮ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ ْﳇﯿﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗأٔرﱗٌ‪� /‬رﱗ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ�أٔر ُﱗ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻮﻗيﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓيﻪ َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﻗﻮ ِال‪:‬‬

‫‪۲٤۷‬‬
 ‫ﻘﺎق اﻟﺘ�ﺎر ِﱗ وا ِ� ٌﺪ؛ ٔ� �ن ا ٔ�رخَ َو ْﻗ ٌﺖ‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ا �� ْرخِ لﻠ َﺒ َﻘ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ َﻋﺮ ٍ ّﰊ؛ ا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎن‪ ،‬وا �� ْرخُ واﻻ ْرخُ ‪َ :‬و َ ُ� اﻟ َﺒ َﻘﺮ ِة‪ ،‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن اﻟﺘ�أٔر َﱗ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِّﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘ�ﺎر ُﱗ َو ْﻗ ٌﺖ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺰ ِ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫�‬
‫ﰷﻟﻮ َ�‪.‬‬
‫ِﻣنﻪ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﳾ ٌء َ�ﺪَ َث َ‬
‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء �ﺎﯾ ُﺘﻪ َوو ْﻗ ُتﻪ �ا�ي ﯾَنْﳤَ يﻲ‬ ‫�ﲑ‪ ،‬و�ر ُﱗ ِ ّ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �� ْرخُ َاﻟﻮ ْﻗ ُﺖ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻗَﻠْ ُﺐ اﻟﺘ�أٔ ِ‬
‫ﴍﻓُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ�ﺎر ِﱗ‪� :‬أ �رخَ َوو �رخ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼن �ر ُﱗ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻣﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬إﻟﯿﻪ ﯾَنْﳤَ يﻲ َ َ‬ ‫إﻟﯿﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬ﻓُ ٌ‬
‫ﻘﺎﯾيﺲ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ( ‪-‬وﻫﻮ َر ُ� ٌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر ٍس ﰲ ) َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﳼ‪ ،‬وﯾَﻨ ُﻘﻀُ ﻪ َ� ُم ٔأ ْ َﲪﺪَ ِ�ﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ٕ :‬اﻧ �ﻪ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫ﳼ‪ -‬ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﺰ ُة و �اﻟﺮا ُء واﳋﺎ ُء َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ وا ِ�ﺪ ٌة َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ا ٕﻻراخُ ﻟ َﺒ َﻘ ِﺮ َاﻟﻮ ْﺣﺶ‪...‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ُ ِﲰ َﻊ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ وﻻ ُ ِﲰ َﻊ ِﻣﻦ ﻓَﺼﯿﺢ(‪.‬‬ ‫تﺎب ْ‬ ‫و ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ﺗَأٔر ُﱗ اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬
‫تﺎب؛ ﳁﺎ �د ُة )ورخ( ﰲ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‬ ‫ﻤﲔ ٔأ�َﺬوﻩ ﻋﻦ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﻮ�؛ ٔ� �ن اﳌ ُﺴ ِﻠ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺘ�ﺎر ُﱗ ُﻣ � ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬ ُْﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬْ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓبﺎﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ )�رح( َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و )�ﺮح( َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ِﺮ و �‬‫�‬
‫و�ﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )�ﺮ�ﺎ( اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و)�ﺮح( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬْﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫�ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬْ ِﺮ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا� � َﺴ َﻌ ْﺖ َدﻻﻟ ُﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗيﺖ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ْ َ :‬ﲢﺪﯾﺪُ �‬ ‫َﳁ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺘ�أٔر ِﱗ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻮ ُ‬
‫‪� -‬ﻣﻮر‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ‪ ،‬و َد ُم اﻟ َﻘﻠْ ِﺐ‪ ،‬و َﺣب� ُﺔ‬
‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ ِ ّ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮر‪ِ ّ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒ ُﻎ ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ُﺮ‪ ،‬واﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻮر‪ ،‬واﻟﺘ�أ� ُ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� ُ‬
‫و�ﻣﻮس �اﻟﺮا ِﻫ ِﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل �أ ْو ُس ُ�ﻦ َﺣ َﺠ ٍﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫�‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﻠْ ِﺐ و َﺣيﺎﺗُﻪ‪ ،‬و َاﻟﻮ َ ُ�‪َ ،‬ووز ُ�ﺮ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫)�ﻣﻮر( ﻧ َ ْﻔ ِﺲ اﳌُﻨ ِﺬ ِر‬
‫ﻧ ُ ِ ّﺒئْ ُﺖ ٔأ �ن ﺑَﲏ ُﲮ ْ ٍَﲓ �أ ْوﻟَﺠﻮا * ٔأﺑْﯿﺎﲥَ ﻢ َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَ َﺒﻎ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﺼﯿ ِ� اﻟﺒﺎ ِذ ْﳒﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺗ َْﺪﺧيﻨًﺎ‪ ،‬وا ْﺳ� ِﺘنْﺸﺎﻗًﺎ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� َﺒﻎُ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﺘّ ْﺒﻎُ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫ﯿ�ﺎر واﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿ�ﺎرة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻌﲈ� ﰲ ِﺻﻨﺎ� ِﺔ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ� ِ‬ ‫ﻜﱶ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ُ‬
‫و َﻣﻀْ ﻐًﺎ‪ ،‬و�َ ُ ُ‬

‫‪۲٤۸‬‬
‫ﴘ ‪ِ ،tabac‬ﻣﻦ ‪ٕ � Tabaco‬ﻻ ْﺳ�ﺒﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ ﻫﺎﯾيﱵ ﰲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ ا�ﲀرﯾﱯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓَ َ �ﺮ ْ �‬
‫ﻐﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟَ ِﻢ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ٕﻻ ْﺳ�ﺒﺎﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ﰲ ُﻣ َﻌﻈ ِﻢ ﻟُ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫�ﯿﻚ ‪ ،Tabago‬وﱔ َﻣنْﺸ ُﺆﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓنُ ِﻘ َﻞ إﱃ � ْ‬ ‫ﰟ َﺟﺰ�ﺮ ٍة ﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻜﺴ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ا ِ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ )ﺗﻮﺗﻮن(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل )ﺗ ُُﱳ( ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﺮوف ��� � َِﺎن‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫)ﺗنبﺎ�ﻮ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳌ َ ْﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا ٔ� ِﻃ �ﺒﺎ ِء ُ)ﻃ �ﺒﺎق(‪.‬‬ ‫ُ�ﺎن‪ ،‬و َﻋ �ﺮﺑَﻪ ُ‬
‫د ٌ‬
‫‪ْ ِ -‬ﲡﻔﺎف‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺎن ﺗَﻘيﻪ ﰲ اﳊ َْﺮ ِب‬ ‫ﰻ َ�ﺪﯾ ٍﺪ ٔآو آ آ ٍ� ﯾَﻠْبَ ُﺴﻪ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ُس وا ٕﻻ� ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﺎف‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺘّ ْﺠ َﻔ ُﺎف واﻟﺘ� ْﺠ ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل ِﻣنﻪ‪) :‬ﻓَ َﺮ ٌس ُﻣ َﺠﻔ� ٌﻒ( ٔأي‪:‬‬ ‫�ﺎزا ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ )اﻟ ِﻮﻗﺎ ِء(‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ِد ْر ٌع‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم َﻣ ً‬
‫�ﻠﯿﻪ ِ ْﲡ َﻔ ٌﺎف‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﲡﺎﻓيﻒ‪.‬‬
‫�ﺎر ٌس‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ )�ﺰ�ﻩ(‪،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻦ( ٔأي ِﺟ ْﺴ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬و)�ﻩ( ٔأي ِ‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ )ﺗﻨينﺎﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ )ﺗﻨبنﺎﻩ(‪ ،‬وﳇ�ﻬﺎ �ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼﺑ ِﺔ واﳉُﻔﻮف‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ٔأﺻﯿ ٌﻞ ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫‪ْ َ -‬ﲣﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب‪ ،‬وﻟَ ْﻮ ٌح ِﻣﻦ ﺧَﺸَ ٍﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗ ََﻮ �ﺳﻌﻮا ﰲ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ�ْﺪا ِﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺼﺎن ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ�ﺨ ُْﺖ‪ِ :‬و�ﺎ ٌء ﺗ ُ‬
‫ﻮت‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﻤ ْﻘ َﻤ ِﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ُ�ﺮ واﻟ َﻌ ْﺮ ُش‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ ُﲣ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎر �ُﺮا ُد ﺑﻪ �‬ ‫َ‬
‫)ﲣ ٍﺖ( * �أ َؤ ِّﻣ ُﻞ ٔأن �أ ُﺷ �ﺪ ﺑ ِﻪ ِﺛﯿﺎﰊ‬ ‫وﻻ ا�ْﺸَ �ﻖ �اﻟﱶى ﻋﻦ ُﻋﻮ ِد َ ْ‬
‫)ﲣﺖ(‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫‪ْ َ -‬ﲣ َﺘﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻄ ٍﺢ‬ ‫�ﲁ ﺧَﺸَ ٍﺐ ُﻣ �‬ ‫ﻌﲈ� ِّ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� ْﺨ َﺘ ُﺞ‪ :‬الﻠ � ْﻮ ُح ِﻣﻦ اﳋَﺸَ ِﺐ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﺗ ُُﻮ ِّﺳ َﻊ ﰲ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﻧ ُ ِﻘ َﻞ إﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳼ و َﻣﻜتَ ِﺐ اﻟﺘ�ﻠْﻤﯿ ِﺬ ﰲ اﳌَﺪَ رﺳ ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﰷﻟﴪ� ِﺮ واﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮ ِّ‬ ‫�‬
‫َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٤۹‬‬
 ‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫)ﲣ َﺘﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ َ -‬ﲣﻢ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎزا‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻮﻗَ ُﻒ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻩ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� ْﺨ ُﻢ‪ :‬اﳊَﺪ�‪ ،‬ا�ٓ ِﺧ ُﺮ‪ّ ِ ،‬ا�ﳯﺎﯾ ُﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْنﳤَ يﻰ اﻟ ِﻘ ْﻄﻌ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪َ ،‬ﻣ ً‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ ُ ُﲣﻮ ٌم‪ُ َ ،‬ﲣﻮ ٌم‬‫ﻼف �ﲆ ﺛَﻼﺛ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻗﻮالٍ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲣ ٌﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫وﯾُنْﳤَ يﻰ إﻟﯿﻪ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ وﰲ َ ْﲨ ِﻌﻪ ِ� ٌ‬
‫وﳛﺎد�‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ ُﻣتَﺎ ِﺧ ٌﻢ‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ ُ ُﲣ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘ�ﺨُﻮ ُم لﻠ ُﻤ َﻔﺮ ِد واﳉَ ْﻤﻊِ‪ .‬و ِﻓ ُﻌ� ﯾُ َﺘﺎ ِﺧ ُﻢ ٔأي‪ُ :‬ﳛﺎذي ُ َ‬‫َْ‬
‫�ﻟﻄﺎ ِء ُ)ﻃﺨُﻮم(‪ ،‬و)ﯾُﻄﺎ ِﺧﻢ(؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫تﺎﲬ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �‬ ‫و َﻣ َ‬
‫� ﺑ َ �ﲏ )اﻟﺘ�ﺨﻮ َم( ﻻ ﺗ َْﻈ ِﻠﻤﻮﻫﺎ * ا �ٕن ُﻇ ْ َﲅ )اﻟﺘ�ﺨﻮ ِم( ذو ُﻋﻘ� ِﺎل‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ‪،Thoumo‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ وا ٔ�ﺻﺎ ِ�؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﻼف ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻓيﻪ ِ� ٌ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ ﱂ � ُﺸﲑوا‬ ‫و ِﻓﻌﻠُﻬﺎ ‪ ،Takeme‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱ ٌﯿﺢ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﲱ ُ‬
‫ﺎب اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ َ -‬ﲣﻤﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴚ َء َ ْﳜ ِﻤ ُﻨﻪ َ ْﲬﻨًﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲬ َﻦ َ ْﳜ ُﻤ ُﻦ َ ْﲬﻨًﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪َ َ :‬ﲬ َﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﻈ �ﻦ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻤﲔ‪ :‬اﳊ َْﺪ ُس و �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ�ﺨ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻈ ّﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل ﻓيﻪ �ﳊ َْﺪ ِس و �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺧُﲈ� ٔأو ﺧَﲈ�(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳊ َْﺪ ِس و �‬
‫اﻟﻈ ّﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ّ ُ� -‬ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣ َﻊ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ‪ :‬اﳋَ ْﯿﻂُ �ا�ي ﯾُ َﻤ �ﺪ ﻓ ُي َﻘ ِّﺪ ُر ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﺒﻨ�ﺎ ُء ا ْﺳ� ِﺘﻮا َء ا ِﳊ�ﺎر ِة ِ‬ ‫‪�� -‬‬
‫�ﺎزا ﻫﻮ اﳉُﻬْﺪُ و� ْﺳ� ِﺘﻘﺎﻣ ُﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪�� :‬ﺿْ َﻄ � ﻧﺮ �ﻚ إﱃ �ُ ّ ِﺮك‬ ‫و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻄ َﻤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ً‬
‫و َﻣ�ﺎ ِ ّ�ﻚ‪ٔ ،‬آي‪ :‬إﱃ ُ ْ� ِﺪك و ٔآ ْﺻ ِ�‪ ،‬وٕاذا ﻏَ ِﻀ َﺐ ٔآ َ�ﺪُ ﱒ �ﲆ ا�ٓ َﺧ ِﺮ ﻗﺎ َل‪ِ :‬‬
‫وﷲ‬
‫اﻟﱰ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ُ �ٔ :‬ر �دﻧ �ﻚ إﱃ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�‪ْ َ � ،‬ﺸبﳱًﺎ � �لﻠ � ِﺒﻨ ِﺔ اﳋﺎ ِر� ِﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫��ﻗﳰَﻨ�ﻚ �ﲆ � ِّ‬
‫َﻣﲀﳖِ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮ(‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ٕ :‬اﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٥۰‬‬
 ‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮ ٌم �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻧ ْﺼ ُﻒ‬ ‫اﳼ ﰲ اﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ُم‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﺨ ُﻢ‪ ،‬ا ٔ� َ� ُﻞ اﳌ ُ َ� �ﺪدُ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺼ ُﻞ ّ ِا�ر �‬ ‫‪ْ ِّ -‬‬
‫�ﲑ �ﺎ ِّﻣ �ﻲ َﻣ ْﺤ ٌﺾ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ�‪:‬‬ ‫اﳼ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ �ُﺮو ٍم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﲠِ ﺬا اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎ ِم ّ ِا�ر ِّ‬
‫ُﺮوب ا �ﻟﺼﻠﯿبي� ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َد َ� َﻞ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ َﺔ ﻣ َﻊ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﻻﺗيﲏ ِﻣﻦ ‪ Terminu‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َ� ٍّﺪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫�‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﰲ ا ٕﻻ ْنﳫﲒﯾ � ِﺔ ‪ ،Term‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪.Terme‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﺮ ُﻣﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪ�ﺮ‪ � ،‬ﻧ ُ ْﻘﺮ ٌة‬‫ﺎت‪َ � ،‬ﺣ �ﺐ ٔأ ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ ُﻣ ْﺴ� َﺘ ٌ‬ ‫راﻋﻲ ِﻣﻦ ﻓَﺼﯿ ِ� اﻟ َﻘ َﻄﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِ‬ ‫َﺒﺎت ِز �‬‫اﻟﱰ ُﻣ ُﺲ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬ ‫‪ْ� -‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل � اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﺮ ِﻣﺲ‪.‬‬‫ﺆﰻ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َ ْﲢﻠﯿ ِﺘﻪ ﰲ اﳌﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﻌ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ﰲ َاﻟﻮ َﺳﻂِ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �ﺮ �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ وﻟيﺲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ ‪ Thermos‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ّ‬
‫�ﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫)�َ ْﺮ ُﻣﺲ‪ْ َ� ،‬ﺮ ُﻣﺶ(‪ ،‬ﻧ َ ْﻘ ًﻼ ِ‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮﻣﻮ ِﻣ ْﱰ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱰﻣﻮ ِﻣ ُﱰ‪ :‬ﻣﲒ ُان اﳊَﺮار ِة ٔأو ا ِﳌ َﺤ ّﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ْ ِّ -‬‬
‫يﺎس ٔأو ﻣﲒ ِان اﳊَﺮار ِة‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،Thermometron :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻘ ِ‬
‫يﺎس‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪.Thermometre‬‬ ‫�ﺎر‪ ،‬و‪ِ Metron‬ﻗ ٌ‬ ‫‪� Thermos‬‬
‫‪� ُ� -‬ﺮﻫﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﲑ ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﻃ ِﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ ا ٔ�ﻋ َْﻈ ِﻢ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا ْﺳ� ُﺘ َ‬ ‫ﻐﺎر اﳌُتَﺸ ِ ّﻌﺒ ُﺔ ﻋﻦ �‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﻫ ُﺔ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ُﺮ ُق ّ ِ‬ ‫‪�� -‬‬
‫ﻫﺎت و�َﺮا ِر ٍﻩ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪ِ َ�) :‬ﺮ َﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺎت و�ُ �ﺮ ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺘ��ْﻠﯿﻂِ‪ُ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪� ُ� :‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﻫﺎت‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ا �ﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺰ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ِ‬‫�اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ( ٔأي‪َ :‬وﻗَ َﻊ ﰲ � �‬
‫اﻟﱰ ِﻩ‬
‫يﺴﺖ ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل � �‬‫و َﺣﻘ� ٍﺔ ﻟ ْ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬راﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٥۱‬‬
 ‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﺮ�ق‪:‬‬
‫�ق‪،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ْ �ِ :‬ﺮ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ �ﻢ‪ ،‬و�ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ُ�ق‪ :‬ا�� وا ُء �ا�ي ﯾَﺪﻓَ ُﻊ �‬ ‫‪ْ ِّ -‬‬
‫�ق‪ ،‬د �َر ٌاق‪ِ ،‬ذ ْر�ج‪.‬‬ ‫�ق‪ِ ،‬ذ ْر ٌ‬ ‫�ق‪ ،‬د َْر ٌ‬ ‫ِﻃﺮ ٌاق‪ِ ،‬د ْر ٌ‬
‫ﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ� �ﲆ ٔأ ْﻗﻮالٍ ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘ�ﺎ ُء زاﺋِﺪ ٌة؛ ِﻣﻦ ِر ِﯾﻖ اﳊَ �ﯿ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّﺐ‬‫ﰠ‪ ،‬ﻧ ُ ِﻘ َﻞ ِﻣﻦ ِّ‬ ‫روﱊ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٔ� َ �‬ ‫ﳼ ِﻣﻦ )�َ ْﺮ�ك(‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪ ،Theeriaka‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َﺳ� ُﺒ ِﻌ ّ ٍﻲ ِ� ْﺴ�ﺒ ًﺔ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ا ��ﺧﺮى ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮ� ِ ّﱐ إﱃ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎر ﯾُ ْﻌﻄﻰ ِﺿ �ﺪ ﳖَ ْ ِﺶ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﺒﺎعِ‪ ،‬وﰲ ا ٕﻻ ْنﳫﲒﯾ � ِﺔ ‪Theriaca‬‬ ‫إﱃ اﻟ �ﺴ� ُﺒﻊِ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻋ ٍ‬
‫و‪.Treacle‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ � -‬ﺴ�ﺘﻮق‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻮق‪ُ ،‬ﺳ�ﺘ� ٌﻮق‪،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪ُ :‬ﺳ� ٌ‬ ‫ﺘﻮق‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ّ ِا� ْر َ ُﱒ �اﻟﺮ ِدي ُء ٔأو ا�ﳢَ ْ َﺮ ُج �اﻟﺰاﺋِ ُﻒ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟت � ْﺴ� ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮق‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ��ﺸ ُﺎر ُ�ﻦ �ُ ْﺮ ٍد‪:‬‬ ‫َﺳ�ﺘ� ٌﻮق‪ْ ُ � ،‬ﺴ� ٌ‬
‫ﻻح ﳍﻢ * ﺑ َ � َﲔ ) َﺳ�ﺘ�ﻮﻗَﻬﻢ( ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﻫ َِﺐ‬ ‫ﺒﺎح َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ إذا ﻣﺎ �‬ ‫�‬
‫ﻘﺎت؛‬ ‫ﻼث‪ ،‬و)ﺗﻮ(‪ٔ ،‬أو )�(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َﻃ َﺒ ٍ‬ ‫)ﺳﻪْ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺛَ ٌ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‬ ‫وﻃ َﺒ َﻘﱵ ِﻓﻀ� ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ‬ ‫ديء ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ َﻃ َﺒﻘ ِﺔ ُﳓ ٍﺎس َ‬ ‫ٔ� �ن ّ ِا� ْر َ َﱒ �اﻟﺮ َ‬
‫) ِﺳ�ﺘﻮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﴩ�ﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻬﻮر اﳋَﺮ ِﯾﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﲈ ِ� ْﴩ ِ‬
‫ﯾﻨﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫ﻬﻮر اﻟ �ﺴ�ﻨَ ِﺔ ا �ﻟﺸ ْﻤﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ُﺷ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﴩ ُ�ﻦ‪َ :‬ﺷﻬ ٌْﺮ ِﻣﻦ ُﺷ ِ‬
‫ِ� ْﴩ ُ�ﻦ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﺷﻬ ُْﺮ ٔأﻛﺘﻮ َ�ﺮ‪ ،‬و ِ� ْﴩ ُ�ﻦ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﺷﻬ ُْﺮ ﻧﻮﻓَ ِﻤﱪ‪.‬‬
‫�ﺑﲇ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴎ� �ﱐ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪� :‬‬ ‫روﱊ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘﻠَ ٌﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ ُ� �‬
‫اﻟﴩوع‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِء و �‬

‫‪۲٥۲‬‬
 ‫ﻠﯿﺢ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬‫‪ْ َ � -‬ﺸ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ َﻓﺴﻠَﺒﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻼن‪ :‬إذا ﺧ ََﺮ َج �ﻠﯿﻪ ﻗُ �ﻄﺎ ُع �‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪ُ :‬ﺷ ِﻠ ّ َﺢ ﻓُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻠﯿﺢ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻌ ِﺮﯾ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟت � ْﺸ ُ‬
‫و َﻋ �ﺮ ْوﻩ ِﻣﻦ ِﺛﯿﺎﺑِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪�ِ -‬ﻜ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ ِ� َﻜ ٌﻚ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪ْ :‬اﺳتَتَ �ﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﴪاو ِﯾﻞ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫�ط �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺘّﻜ� ُﺔ‪ِ :‬ر ُ‬
‫�ط‬‫اﻟﴪاو ِﯾﻞ‪ ،‬و ْاﺳتَتَ �ﻚ �ﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ � :‬اﲣﺪَ ِر َ‬ ‫�ط‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أ ْد� ََ� ﰲ �‬ ‫�ﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫�ﺎز‪ :‬ﻗَ ْﻄ ُﻊ اﻟ ِﺘّﻜ� ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻛ ْﺸ ُﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﴪاو ِﯾﻞ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ‪ ،‬وآآﻟ ُﺘﻪ )ا ِﳌ َﺘ �ﻚ(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﻌﻞ اﳌَﺸﲔِ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ُﻣﻄﯿ ُﻊ ُ�ﻦ ا ٍ‬
‫ٕ�س‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ْﻮر ِة وٕاراد ُة اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗ َُﺼ ِ ّ ْﲑ َﱐ ﰲ ُاﻟﻮ ِ ّد ﳈَ ْﻦ ﻗَ َﻄ َﻊ )اﻟ ِﺘّﻜ� َﺔ( ﻗَ ْﻄ ًﻌﺎ َﺷ� ِﻨﻌﺎ‬
‫�ط وا ِﳌ ْﻨ َﻄﻘ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ) ِ� ْﻜتﻮ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِّﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ �ِ ) :‬ﻜتَﺎ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ّﺪ‪.‬‬‫�ط و �‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ) ِ� ْﻜتﺎ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ْ َ� -‬ﻜتﯿﻚ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱰﺗيﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻈﲓ ٔأو � ْ‬
‫ﯿﻚ‪ :‬ﻓَ �ﻦ اﻟﺘ� ْﻨ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻜ ِت ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،Taktike Tektheme :‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪،Tactique‬‬
‫وﰲ ا ٕﻻ ْنﳫﲒﯾ � ِﺔ ‪ ،Tactics‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺧ �ُﻄ ٌﺔ ﻋ َْﺴﻜﺮﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧ �ُﻄ ٌﺔ ﻻ ْٕﳒﺎحِ ٔأ ْﻣ ٍﺮ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓَ �ﻦ ﺗَ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫ﻈﲓ‬
‫اﳉُﯿﻮش‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﻜنﯿﻚ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮاﺋِ ِﻖ اﻟ�ﱵ َ ْﲣ َﺘ �ﺺ ﺑ َﻔ ٍّﻦ ٔأو ِﻣﻬْﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫نﯿﻚ‪ْ ُ :‬ﲨ ُ� ا ٔ� ِ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ و �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺘّ ْﻜ ُ‬
‫ﺿﻮ�ﺎن ﳌُﻌﺎ َد ِ� َﻣ ْﻌﲎ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ Tekhne :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻓَ ٍّﻦ‪ ،‬و ِﺗ ْﻘ ِن �ﯿ ٌﺔ وﺗَﻘﺎﻧ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫ِ� ْﻜنﯿﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٥۳‬‬
 ‫‪ِ َ� -‬ﻜي�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل ﻟﻬﺎ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪:‬‬‫ﲀن ﺗَبت� ٍﻞ و ِﻋﺒﺎد ٍة‪ ،‬اﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ �َﲀ�‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮﻓي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣ ُ‬ ‫�ط �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� ِﻜي� ُﺔ‪ِ :‬ر ُ‬
‫�اﻟﺰا ِوﯾ ُﺔ‪ ،‬اﳋﺎ ِﻧﻘﺎ ْﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑ َ ْي ُﺖ اﳉَﲈ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫�ﺳ ِﱰا� ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﲀن ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ )�َ ْﻜ َيﻪْ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ِﳌ َ� �ﺪ ِة و َﻣ ِ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﴪ اﻟﺘ�ﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ‪ِ �ِ ) :‬ﻜي� ٌﺔ( � َﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺗ ِﻠ ْﻐﺮاف‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱪﻗي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺘّ ِﻠ ْﻐﺮ ُاف‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑُ ْﻌ ٍﺪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ‪ٔ ،telos‬أي‪� :‬ﺎﯾ ٍﺔ ٔأو‬
‫ﳖِ ﺎﯾ ٍﺔ ٔأو َ� ٍّﺪ‪ ،‬و‪ٔ grapho‬أي‪َ :‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ ‪ ،Telegraph‬وﻫﻮ ِ� ُﺎز ا ْٕر ِ‬
‫ﺳﺎل‬
‫اﻟﱪﻗي� ِﺔ ﻓﻬيﻲ ‪.Telegram‬‬ ‫اﻟﱪﻗي� ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ِرﺳﺎ ُ� َ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺗ ِﻠ ِﻔﺰﯾﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﻘبﺎل اﻻٕذا� ِﺔ اﳌ َ ْﺮﺋ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﯾﻮن‪ُ �ِ :‬ﺎز ﺑ َ ِ ّﺚ وا ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺘّ ِﻠ ِﻔﺰ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪ُ ،Télévision‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌ َ َﻘﻄﻊ ِ ‪ٔ ،Télos‬أي‪:‬‬
‫ﲈت‬‫�ﳫ ٍ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ﰲ اﻟﺒِﺪاﯾ ِﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺑُ ْﻌ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌ َ َﻘﻄﻊ ِ ‪ Vision‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �اﻟﺮ ْؤﯾ ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ٔأ�ﲑ ٌة را َﺟﺖ‬ ‫)اﻟﺮاﰄ(‪) ،‬ا ِﳌ ْﺮ�ة(‪) ،‬ا ِﳌ ْﺒﺼﺎر(‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫واج‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ �‬ ‫َﻛﺜﲑ ٍة ﱂ َﳛ ُﺼ ْﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ َر ٌ‬
‫ﱔ )اﻟ ِﺘّﻠْ َﻔﺎز(‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﳯﺎ ﺗَﻠْ َﻔ َﺰ ﯾُ َﺘﻠْ ِﻔ ُﺰ ﺗَﻠْ َﻔﺰةً‪ ،‬و َ� ٌ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ ُﻣتَﻠْ َﻔﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺗ ِﻠﻔﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﻔﻮن‪ُ �ِ :‬ﺎز اﻟﺘ��ﺪ ِ�ث إﱃ اﻟ َﺒﻌﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺘّ ِﻠ ُ‬
‫�ﺎﻃﺒ ِﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑُ ْﻌ ٍﺪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ‪ Télos‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ِ ّا�ﳯﺎﯾ ِﺔ ٔأو‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳌ ُ َ‬
‫ﴪ ٍة(‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ‬‫�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ )ﻫﺎ ِﺗ ٍﻒ(‪ ،‬و) ِﻣ َ �‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب َ ِ‬‫اﻟﻐﺎﯾ ِﺔ ٔأو اﳊَ ِّﺪ‪ ،‬و‪ٔ Fonê‬أي‪َ :‬ﺻ ْﻮ ٍت‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓﻌ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺗَﻠْ َﻔ َﻦ ﺗَﻠْ َﻔن ًﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ َ :‬ﲢﺪ َ�ث �ﻟ ِﺘّ ِﻠﻔﻮن‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٥٤‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﺗﻠْﻤﯿﺬ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﺗَ َﺘﻠ َﻤ َﺬ وﺗَﻠْ َﻤ َﺬ �‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﻌﲅ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ ﺗَﻼﻣي ٌﺬ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺬ‪ :‬اﳋﺎ ِد ُم‪ ،‬اﻟﺘ�ﺎ ِﺑ ُﻊ‪ ،‬اﳌ ُ ِ ّ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺘّﻠْ ُ‬
‫ﺻﺎر � � ِﺑ ًﻌﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌﲅ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ‪ٔ Talmidho‬أي‪ِ :‬ﺗﻠْﻤﯿ ٍﺬ‪ ،‬و‪ٔ Toulmodho‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻌﲅ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ�ﻠْﻤﺬ ِة‪ ،‬و ِﻓﻌﻠُﻬﺎ ‪ٔ Lmodhe‬أي‪ :‬ﺗَ � َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَ �ﻤﻮز‪:‬‬
‫ﻬﻮر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﺷﻬ ُْﺮ ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗَ �ﻤ ُﻮز‪َ :‬ﺷﻬ ٌْﺮ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎر �ا�ي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﯾ � ِﺔ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ًﻼ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺑِﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ � ِ�ﻦ ّ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ‪.Tammûz‬‬ ‫ﯾَﻘﻮ ُم وﯾُﺒ َﻌ ُﺚ‪ٔ ،‬أو ا ِ�ﻦ اﳊَﯿﺎ ِة‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬روﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَن ْ َب ٌﻞ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة‪ِ :‬ﺗن ْ َب ٌﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﺗنْبﺎ ٌل‪ِ ،‬ﺗنْبﺎ ٌ�‪،‬‬ ‫ﴫ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺼﲑ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘ�نْبﺎ ُ� ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ ِﻘ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ�نْ َب ُﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻼن اﻟ َﺒﻠﯿ ِﺪ‬ ‫ُﻘﺎل لﻠ َﻜ ْﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﺗُنْبﻮ ٌل‪ِ ،‬ﺗنْتَ ٌﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﺗنْ ِت ٌﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﺗنْتﺎ ٌ�‪ِ ،‬ﺛنْ ِت ٌﻞ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪ :‬ﺗَنْ َب ٌﻞ‪ ،‬وﺗ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫ﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ِﳋ �ﺴ ِﺔ �ﻟ�ﻻ ِ� �ﲆ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ ُ� َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﻼن‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْﻗ َﺮ ُب ٔأﳖ� ﺎ‬ ‫ﴫ اﻟﺒﺎعِ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪�َ :‬بَﺸ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ْ ُ� :‬ﺮ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻜ ْﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﴫ اﻟﻘﺎﻣ ِﺔ و ِﻗ َ ِ‬ ‫ِﻗ َ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )�َ ْﻦ �َ ْﺮ َور( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳌ ُ َﺮ ِ ّﰊ ﻟَ ْﺤ َﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ُﺔ �ا�ﺑْ �‬
‫ﯿﺎﱐ‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﰻ ) ِﺗن ْ َب ِﺎل(‬‫�ﺖ * َﺣ ْﺮ ٌب ﯾُﻮاﺋِ ُﻞ ِﻣﳯﺎ �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن � ِ� �ﺪ إذا نَ َﺰﻟَ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺎض ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗَﻨ�ﻮرة‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎس َﲣ َﺘ �ﺺ ﺑﻪ‬
‫َﴫ إﱃ اﻟ َﻘﺪَ َﻣﲔِ ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻟ ٌ‬
‫ﺒﺎس ُﳛﯿﻂُ � ِﳉ ْﺴ ِﻢ ِﻣﻦ اﳋ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ�ﻨ�ﻮرةُ‪ِ :‬ﻟ ٌ‬
‫اﻟ ِن ّﺴﺎ ُء �ﺎ ِﻟ �ﯿﺎ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ�) :‬ﻦ َور(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬ﺎﱊ ا ِﳉ ْﺴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٥٥‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﺗ ِﻨّﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎت اﻟ َﻌﻈﳰ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﺣي� ٌﺔ �أ ْﺳﻄﻮرﯾ � ٌﺔ ﻣﺎﺋِ �ﯿ ٌﺔ َﻋﻈﳰ ٌﺔ ﺗَ ْبت ِﻠ ُﻊ َدو �اب‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺘّ ِﻨّ ُﲔ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ اﳊَ �ﯿ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈ ِء‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﺗَﻨﺎﻧﲔ‪.‬‬‫اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ْﳒ ٌﻢ ِﻣﻦ ُﳒﻮ ِم �‬
‫ﺣﻮت ٔأو ﺣي� ٍﺔ َﻋﻈﳰ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ ْﺸ َﱰكٌ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،Tanino :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٍ :‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت �‬ ‫َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮت‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﱪ ِﻣﻦ‬‫ﻬﻮر اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ �و ُل اﻟ �ﺴ�ﻨَ ِﺔ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﱒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﺷﻬ ُْﺮ ِﺳ ْبتَ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻮت‪ٔ :‬أ َ�ﺪُ �‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫ﻬﻮر اﳌﯿﻼدﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮت‪:‬‬
‫ﻮت‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻓﺎ ِﻛﻬ ُﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وا ِ�ﺪﺗُﻪ‬ ‫ﻮت‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻮا ِﻛ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻔ ْﺮﺻﺎدُ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﴭَﺮ ُة اﻟﺘ� ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� ُ‬
‫ﺮب اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ِء ا �ٕﻻ ﺑ ِﺬ ْﻛ ِﺮ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﺮﺻﺎ ِد‪ ،‬و�ﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِء )اﻟﺘ�ﻮث(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺗ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و�َﲀ ُد ﻻ َﳚﻲ ُء ﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫وا ْﺳ� َﺘﻌ َﻤ َ� اﳌ ُ �ﻮ� َ‬
‫ون �ﻟﺘ�ﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎء ِ�ﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪) :‬ﺗﻮث(‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪) :‬ﺗُﻮذ(‪ ،‬وﻛﺬ�‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗﻮت( َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ )ﺗﻮ�(‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ٔأ� ََﺬﺗْﻪ‬ ‫�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ ‪ ،Tut‬وﻫﻮ دَﺧي ٌﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫وﻇ �ﻞ �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ْﻄ ِﻖ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِ ّﲇ �ﻟﺜ �ﺎ ِء �ﲆ ٔأﻟْ ِﺴ�ﻨ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬‫ﺮب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ ا �ﻟﺴنْ ِﺴﻜﺮﯾتي� ِﺔ )ﺗﻮد( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َﴭَﺮ ِة اﻟﺘ�ﻮت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮ ِﺗﯿﺎء‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ�ﻮ ِﺗﯿﺎ ُء‪ :‬اﳊَ َﺠ ُﺮ �ا�ي �ُﻜت َ� ُﻞ ﲟ َ ْﺴﺤﻮ ِﻗﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻌ ِﺪ ُن اﳋﺎرﺻﲔِ الﻠ � ِ ّ ُﲔ ﯾُ َ‬
‫ﻄﺮ ُق‬
‫اﻟﺰْﻚ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺼﺪَ ِٔأ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻌ ِﺪ ُن ّ ِﻧ‬
‫َﺻﻔﺎﺋِ َﺢ‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ ﯾُ ْﻄﲆ اﳊَﺪﯾﺪُ ِوﻗﺎﯾ ًﺔ � ِﻣﻦ �‬

‫‪۲٥٦‬‬
‫ﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗﻮ ِﺗﯿﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ دَﺧي ٌﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا �ﻟﺴن ْ ِﺴﻜﺮﯾتي� ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ )�ُﳤ� ﺎ(‪،‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ا ِ‬
‫و)ﺗﻮﺗَﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗ َْﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ُﴩ ُب ﻓيﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﺬﻛ� ٌﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ َﻣﻌ ِﺪ ِن اﳋﺎرﺻﲔِ ٔأو ا ِﳊ�ﺎر ِة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺮوف � َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻮ ُر‪ :‬ﻫﻮ إ� ٌء َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُ َﺘ َﻮﺿ� أ� ِﻣنﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُﻐﺴ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬‫ﰷﻻٕ� ِء �ا�ي ﺗ َ‬
‫ﻻن؛‬ ‫وﻻ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ﻓيﻪ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻈﻮر‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫َﺮي‪ ،‬وﻻ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬ ‫َﺮي وﻻ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫ُﴩ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫ﱂ�ِ ْ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ‬ ‫ٔأ �وﻟُﻬﲈ‪ٔ :‬أﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬و�نﳱﲈ‪ٔ :‬أﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َﻋﺮ ّﰊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗُﻮران‪ /‬ﺗُﻮران َﺷﺎ ْﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﴩ ِق‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﺮﯾ ٌﺔ َﲝ �ﺮان‪.‬‬ ‫� اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ ُق‪ ،‬وﺗُﻮران َﺷﺎ ْﻩ‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗُﻮران‪ :‬اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻤﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟَ �ﻌ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب )�ُ ْﺮﰷن(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﻛ َﺘ َﻔﻮا ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِﻟﻬﻢ‪ٔ :‬أ َﲺ �‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗ َُﻮ�‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎء� ﺑ ُﺘ َﻮﻻ ِﺗﻪ ود َُوﻻ ِﺗﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑﺪَ واﻫﯿﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ ِﻓﻌ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪َ :‬‬‫‪ -‬اﻟﺘ� َﻮ ُ�‪ :‬ا�� اﻫﯿ ُﺔ اﳌُﻨ َﻜﺮةُ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ﺗ َْﻮ َز ٌ�‪ ،‬ﺗ َْﻮ َزﻻ ُء‪ ،‬ﺗُﻮ ٌ�‪ ،‬ﺗُﻮﱃ‪ ،‬ﺗ َُﻮ ٌ�‪،‬‬ ‫ُﱔ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫)� َل( � ٔ� ْﻣ ِﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬د ِ َ‬
‫ﺗ َْﻮ ٌ�‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ِﺴﺎق ﺻﺎ ِد ِق اﳌ َ ّ ِﺮ ِ�ﺲ‬‫ﺗُﻠْ ُﺖ � ٍ‬
‫ﻔﻮر و َاﻟﻮ ْﺣﺸﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫تﺎل‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ )ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪن( ٔأي‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫وﱔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗﻮل( ٔأي‪ّ ِ :‬اﻟﲋاعِ واﻟ ِﻘ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺗﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ �ﺎﺋِ َﻄﲔِ ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ْﺪﻋﻰ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ )اﳉﺎ�ِ َﺰ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻮ َج اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺎﺟ ُﺰ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻬْ ُﻢ‪ ،‬و ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﺘّ ُﲑ‪� :‬‬
‫ﰟ ُﻋﻄﺎ ِرد‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻬْ ُﻢ و ِ‬
‫اﳊﺎﺟﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗﲑ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬‬
‫‪۲٥۷‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜّﺎء‬

‫‪ْ ُ� -‬ﻜنﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ �ﺎ َء ﰲ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺜ � ْﻜن ُﺔ‪� :‬اﻟﺮاﯾ ُﺔ واﻟ َﻌﻼﻣ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و�ُ ْﻜن ُﺔ اﳉُ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪َ :‬ﻣﺮ َﻛ ُﺰﱒ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ �ُ َﻜ ٌﻦ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﴩ اﻟﻨ� ُﺎس �ﲆ �ُ َﻜﳯِ ﻢ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬ﲆ را�ﲥِ ﻢ ﰲ اﳋ ْ َِﲑ و � ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴩ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪)ُ :‬ﳛ َ ُ‬
‫َﻃ َﺮﻓ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻃ ْﺖ ِﲯ ًﺎ� َ‬
‫و�ﻃ ْﺖ ﻓﻮﻗَﻪ �ُ َﻜنﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﺎ ِﻧﺌًﺎ ﻫﺎ ِﻧﺌًﺎ ﰲ اﳊ ّ َِﻲ ُﻣﻮ ِﻣﺴ ٌﺔ * َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﻴﻢ‬

‫‪� -‬ﺎﺛَ ِﻠﯿﻖ‪:‬‬

‫ﲢﺖ ﯾ َ ِﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ِم‪ ،‬وﯾَﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ َ‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى ﰲ ﺑِﻼ ِد اﻻ ْٕﺳﻼ ِم ﲟَﺪﯾﻨ ِﺔ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉﺎﺛَ ِﻠ ُﯿﻖ‪َ :‬ر ُ‬
‫ﺑ ِْﻄ ِﺮ ِﯾﻖ ٔأﻧْﻄﺎ ِﻛ َﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪.‬‬‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(katholicos) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﺎ �م‪ ،‬و�ُﺮا ُد ﺑﻪ ﰲ ْاﺻ ِﻄﻼحِ‬
‫تﻘﺪ ُم ا ٔ�ﺳﺎ ِﻗﻔﺔ‪.‬‬‫اﻟ َﻜنيﺴ ِﺔ ُﻣ ِّ‬
‫‪� -‬ﺎ ِد ّي‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺴ َﺎن‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉﺎ ِد �ي‪� :‬اﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮ ُان‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ؛ وﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �اﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮ ِان �ﺎ َء ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل �‬
‫ِ�ﻦ �ﺑ ٍِﺖ‪:‬‬
‫وٕان ِﺟ ْئﳤَ ﻢ ٔأﻟْ َﻔ ْي َﺖ َﺣ ْﻮ َل ﺑُﯿﻮﲥِ ﻢ * ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳌ ْﺴ ِﻚ واﳉﺎ ِدي ﻓَتﯿ ًﺘﺎ ُﻣبﺪ�دا‬

‫‪۲٥۸‬‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ � َ َﺴ� َﺒﻪ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪ ،‬وﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬ ‫ُﴩ ٔأ �ي ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐﻮﯾ ّ َِﲔ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ِء إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ِ ،‬ﺳﻮى اﳉَﻮ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ� ِ ْ‬
‫�ﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺎدي(‪.‬‬ ‫إﱃ ﻗَ ْﺮﯾ ٍﺔ �ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ )�ﺎدﯾﺔ( �‬
‫‪� -‬ﺎم‪:‬‬
‫ٌ‬
‫و�ﺎﻣﺎت‪ ،‬و ُﺟﻮم‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉﺎ ُم‪ :‬إ� ٌء ِﻣﻦ ِﻓﻀ� ٍﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺟ ُﺆ ٌم‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺟﻮا ٌم‪،‬‬
‫ﻈﻮر ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱﯿﺢ‪ ،‬و�ﲆ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪�) :‬ﺎم(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ُﻜﻮب‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪� -‬ﺎﻣﻮس‪:‬‬
‫ْﲇ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﺼﯿ ِ� اﻟ َﺒ َﻘﺮﯾ � ِﺔ‪� ُ� ،‬‬
‫ﺮﰉ لﻠ َﺤ ْﺮ ِث ود ّ َِر الﻠ � َ ِﱭ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻣﻮس‪َ :‬ﺣ َيﻮ ٌان ٔأﻫ �‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫�ﲆ‪َ :‬ﺟﻮاﻣيﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ )ﮔﺎو(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑ َ َﻘﺮ ٍة‪ ،‬و)ﻣيﴚ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﮔﺎوﻣيﺶ(‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ٔأ �و ًﻻ‪َ ) :‬ﺟﻮاﻣيﺲ(‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﳌ�ﺎ واﻓَ َﻖ ﺑ ً‬
‫ِﻨﺎء ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺑْ ِني ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻧ َ ْﻌ� ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ور ٔأ ُي ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﳼ )�ﻮاﻣيﺶ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻈﻮر َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫�ﺎﻣﻮس‪ ،‬و ٔأﯾ�ﺪَ ر ٔأﯾَﻪ ﺑأٔ �ن ا َ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬ ‫اﳉَ ْﻤﻊ ِ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪ٌ :‬‬
‫وﲨﺪَ ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ‬ ‫ﻮﱊ َذﻫ ََﺐ إﱃ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ )ﲨﺲ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻗَ َﻌﺪَ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻔي� �‬
‫ﻓيﻪ ِﻣﻦ ﻟﲔِ اﻟ َﺒ َﻘ ِﺮ ﰲ اﳊ َْﺮ ِث و �اﻟﺰ ْرع‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ َﺑﺼﺤﯿﺢ‪.‬‬
‫‪�ِ -‬بْ ٌﺲ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻌﯿﻒ الﻠ�ﺌ ُﲓ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳉﺎ ِﻣﺪُ ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬ ‫َﺒﺎن اﻟ َﻌ ِ �ﲖ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟﻀ� ُ‬‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉ ْب ُﺲ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳉ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل ﻓيﻪ‪ :‬ﻗَ �ﺺ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯿﻮت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ِﳉ �ﺺ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ُﻼط ﺑﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ ُ‬ ‫�ا�ي ﯾُ ْبﲎ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗ ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ� َﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮ َاب ﻓيﻪ‪ِ :‬ﺟ �ﺺ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺤﯿﻒ ٔأ �ن �‬ ‫َﺼﺤﯿﺢ اﻟﺘ� ْﺼ ِ‬
‫بﺎس و ُﺟبﻮس‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺗ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺟ ٌ‬
‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ إﱃ اﻟﻌﺎ ِّﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺷﻔﺎ ِء اﻟﻐَﻠﯿﻞ"‪،‬‬ ‫َﻔﺎ� ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻬﺎب اﳋ �‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْو َردَﻩ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(gypsum) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻛﭻ(‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْﻗ َﺮ ُب ٔأن َ‬

‫‪۲٥۹‬‬
 ‫‪�ُ -‬ﺪ�اد‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﺠ ِﺮ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬‫ﺼﺎن �‬‫ﯿﻮط و ٔأ ْﻏ ِ‬ ‫ﯿﺎب اﻟﺒﺎ ِﻟﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌُﻌﻘ�ﺪُ ِﻣﻦ اﳋُ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉُﺪ�ادُ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬
‫�ﻟﴪا‪... * ...‬جِ والﻠ�ﯿ ُﻞ �ﺎ ِﻣ ُﺮ ُ�ﺪ�ا ِدﻫﺎ‬ ‫ٔأﺿﺎ َء ِﻣﻈﻠ � َﺘﻪ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪) :‬ﻛﺪادْ(‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫َﺮي واﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪) :‬ﻛﺪادي(‪.‬‬
‫‪�ُ -‬ﺪ�ة‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻃ ُﺊ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪� �ِ :‬ﺪ ٌة‪ ،‬و َ�ﺪ�‪ ،‬و ُ�ﺪ�‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ ُ ِّﲰ َﯿ ْﺖ َﻣﺪﯾﻨ ُﺔ ُ� �ﺪ َة ﰲ‬ ‫‪� �ُ -‬ﺪ ٌة‪� :‬‬
‫اﳌ َ ْﻤﻠَﻜ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾ � ِﺔ؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ �ﲆ ﺳﺎ ِ� ِﻞ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ ِﲝﺬا ِء َﻣﻜ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ :‬ﻛﺪ�‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻃﺊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟ ُﺮ ��ن‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉ ُُﺮ �� ُن وا ِﳉ ِﺮ �� ُن‪ِ :‬ﻗﺮ ُاب اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ ِﻒ اﻟﻀ� ْﺨ ُﻢ �ا�ي ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﻓيﻪ ٔأدا ُة �اﻟﺮ ُ� ِﻞ َوﺳ ْﻄ ُﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻤﯿﺺ‪ ،‬و ّ ِا� ْرعُ‪،‬‬‫وﲽﺪُ اﻟﺴ� �ﯿ ِﻒ‪ ،‬و َ�ﺪ�ﻩ‪ ،‬و َﺣﲈﺋِ ُ�‪ ،‬و َﺟ ْي ُﺐ اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﺎج إﻟﯿﻪ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬
‫وﻣﺎ َ ْﳛ ُ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ٔ ) :‬أﺗَيْ ُﺖ اﻟﻨ� �ﱯ ﷺ ﻓأٔ ْد َ�ﻠْ ُﺖ ﯾَﺪي ﰲ ُﺟ ُﺮ �� ِﻧﻪ(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫إذا ﻗي َﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﺒ ْ ُﲔ را َﺟ ْﻌ ُﺖ �َ ْﱪ ًة * ﻟﻬﺎ ُﲜ ُﺮ �� ِن اﻟ َﺒنيﻘ ِﺔ وا ِﻛ ُﻒ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﮔﺮﺑﯿﺎن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺟ ِﺮ ��ﻧﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ��ﺎﺑ ُﺔ اﻟ َﺒﺬﯾﺌ ُﺔ اﳋُﻠُ ِﻖ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ِ �ِ :‬ﻠ �ﺒﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉ ِﺮ ��ﺑ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ ٔأ ُة �‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﮔﺮان‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫�ُﻦ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺜ �ﻘي ُ� ا ٔ� ْﺻﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٦۰‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ﺟ ْﺮ�ُﺰ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎل‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﺮ�َ َﺰ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ َﺟ ْﺮ�َ َﺰةً‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉ ُْﺮ�ُ ُﺰ‪ :‬اﳌُ�ﺎ ِد ُع اﳋَ ُ‬
‫ﺒيﺚ ِﻣﻦ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ�ُﺰ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﮔﺮ�ﺰ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬ا� َﻛ ِﺮ و �‬
‫اﻟﺸ�ﺎعِ واﳌﺎ ِﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺟ ْﺮ ِﺟﺲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮِﻗﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ُﻊ �ا�ي ُﳜ َ ُﱲ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉ ْﺮ ِﺟ ُﺲ‪� :‬‬
‫ﳼ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺟﺮﺟﺸﺖ(‪ ،‬و ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺟ ْﺮ�ﲑ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت ﻣﺎ ُؤﻩ �ُ ِﺰﯾ ُﻞ آ ٓ َ�ر اﻟ ُﻘﺮوحِ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﯾُ ِﺪ �ر الﻠ � َ َﱭ‪ ،‬وﳞَ ِﻀ ُﻢ اﻟ ِﻐﺬاء‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫�ﲑ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(garghiro) :‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫َِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺟ ْﺮداب‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫داب‪َ :‬و َﺳﻂُ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﮔ ْﺮدَاب(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ا�� �واﻣ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )ﮔﺮد(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫دا�ِ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬و)آٓب(‪ٔ ،‬آي‪ :‬ﻣﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﺮدَ�ن‪:‬‬
‫نﺎو َ� ْ ُ‬
‫�ﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم ِ�ﺸ ِﲈ� ْﰾ ﻻ ﯾَت َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨ ُْﺺ �ا�ي ُ ْﳜﻔﻲ ﺷيئًﺎ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫َ�ن‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉ َْﺮد ُ‬
‫ﰻ ﺑ َﯿﻤﯿ ِﻨﻪ وﯾَﻤﻨَ ُﻊ ِ�ﺸ ِﲈ�‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ‬‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم َ َﲻﺪَ إﱃ ٔأ ْ ِﳇﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ �ا�ي ﯾَأٔ ُ ُ‬‫ﻓَ َﺮ َغ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُم ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ َم‪ ،‬و َﺟ ْﺮدَم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪) :‬اﳉ ُْﺮد ُ‬
‫ُ�ن(‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﺮد ََب �‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻏﯿﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﮔ ْﺮدﻩ �ن(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬ﺎ ِﻓﻆُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻏﯿﻒ‪ ،‬و)�ن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬ﺎ ِﻓﻆ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺟ ْﺰ ٔأ ِ�ﻦ‪ِ ) :‬ﮔ ْﺮدﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ِ‬

‫‪۲٦۱‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﺮدَق‪:‬‬
‫ﻏﯿﻒ‪ ،‬واﳉ َْﺮ َذ ُق ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬واﳉ َْﺮد َُق ٔأ ْﺟ َﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉ َْﺮد َُق واﳉ َْﺮدَﻗ ُﺔ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﮔ ْﺮدﻩ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(girtak) :‬وﻓُ ِت َﺤ ِﺖ اﳉ ُﲓ ﻓيﻪ ٕﻻﻟْ�ﺎ ِﻗﻪ ﺑـ) َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ �ﺮة‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉ �َﺮةُ‪ :‬إ� ٌء ِﻣﻦ ﺧ ََﺰ ٍف‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ﺟ �ﺮ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫وﺟﺮار‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﮔﺮﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟ ْﺮ�ل �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن‪َ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮ�‪ُ :‬ﺟ ْﺮ�ن �ﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫ﴫ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَﺮﯾﺪةُ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﰲ ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫�ل‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉ ُْﺮ ُ‬
‫�ﲆ َﺟﺮاﻧﲔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(journal) :‬وﻫﻮ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ (diurnalis) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﱊ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾَ ّ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﺮم‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉ َْﺮ ُم‪ :‬اﳊ �َﺮ �ا�ي ﻫﻮ ﻧ ُ‬
‫َﻘيﺾ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪد‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﮔﺮم(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟ ْﺮﻣﻮق‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻮق اﳋ ُِّﻒ ﻟ َﯿﺤ َﻔ َﻈﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِّ‬
‫اﻟﻄﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮق‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻠبَ ُﺲ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉ ُْﺮ ُ‬
‫"ﺷﻔﺎ ِء اﻟﻐ ِ‬
‫َﻠﯿﻞ"‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َﻔﺎ� ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬
‫ﻬﺎب اﳋ �‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ ِ ّ‬
‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻮق‪ ،‬و)ﻣﻮزﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫)ﴎﻣﻮزﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ْ‬
‫)ﴎ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻌ �ﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫ﺧ ُّﻒ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٦۲‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﺟ ْﺮ�ل‪:‬‬
‫وﺻ ْﺒ ٌﻎ ٔأ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ ُ ِّﲰ َﯿ ِﺖ اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ؛ لﻠ ُﻤﺸﺎﲠَ ِﺔ ﺑيْﳯَ ﲈ ﰲ الﻠ � ْﻮ ِن‬
‫�ل‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﻮ ُن اﳊُ ْﻤﺮ ِة‪ِ ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫�ﺎء ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬ ‫�ن؛ وﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻟَ ْﻮ ِن اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ َ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ِ :‬ﺟ ْﺮ ٌ‬
‫و َﺳ�ﺒيئ ٍﺔ ﳑ�ﺎ ﺗُﻌ ِﺘّ ُﻖ �ﺑ ٌﻞ * ﻛﺪَ ِم ا ��ﺑﯿ ِﺢ َﺳﻠَ ْﺒﳤُ ﺎ ِﺟ ْﺮ�ﻟَﻬﺎ‬
‫ٔأي‪َ :‬ﺳﻠَ ْﺒﳤُ ﺎ ﻟَ ْﻮﳖَ ﺎ ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ َﺮ ﺑأٔن ُﺟ ِﻌﻠَ ْﺖ ُ ْﲪﺮﲥُ ﺎ ﰲّ‪.‬‬
‫وﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒﻎ ِ ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ِﺮ �ﺎ َء ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻀﲑ ا�� ﻻ ِﻣﺼﺎ‬‫وﺟ ْﺮ� َل اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫إذا ُﺟ ّ ِﺮد َْت ﯾ َ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﺣ ِﺴ ْب َﺖ َﲬﯿﺼ ًﺔ * �ﻠﳱﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻓ َﺸ� �ﺒ َﻪ َﺟ َﺴﺪَ ﻫﺎ � ��ﻫ َِﺐ وﻟَ ْﻮﻧ َﻪ � ِﳉ ْﺮ�ل‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎن َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن‬
‫ﻌﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﲳ ِّ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ﰲ اﳉَ ْﻤﻬَﺮ ِة ﻋﻦ ا ٔ� ْ َ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻮراﻟﯿﻮن(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫وﱊ‪ِ ) :‬ﻛ ْﺮ� ٌل(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ َ� �اﻟﺮ �‬
‫�ﺎن ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎﻗَﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﺎﺻ ًﺔ �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﺮ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎن‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �‬ ‫اﳌ َ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ُ �ﰒ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬زرﯾﻮن(‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )زر(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ذﻫ ٍَﺐ‪،‬‬
‫و)ﯾﻮن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﻮن‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟﺮﯾﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪار َﻣ ْﻌﻠﻮ ُم اﳌَﺴﺎ�ﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺟ ِﺮﺑ ٌﺔ و ُﺟ ْﺮ�ن‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻘ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉَﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺷﺎر ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪) :‬وأ ْٔﺣ َﺴ� ُﺒﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ) َﮔﺮﯾﺐ(‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫ٔأ َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(gyribo) :‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ َﺰر‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﴪ اﳉ ُﲓ‪) :‬ا ِﳉ َﺰر(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺆﰻ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ �ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َﺒﺎت ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉ ََﺰ ُر‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﮔ َﺰر(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬

‫‪۲٦۳‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﺰﻣ ٌﺔ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﺎق ﺑﻠُﻐ ِﺔ ﺳﻮرﯾ � َﺔ وﻟُ ْﺒ َ‬
‫ﻨﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﴫ‪ ،‬وا ِﳊﺬا ُء َﻃﻮﯾ ُﻞ �‬‫‪ -‬اﳉ َْﺰﻣ ُﺔ‪ :‬ا ِﳊﺬا ُء ﺑﻠُﻐ ِﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾ ُﻞ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(cizma) :‬وﻫﻮ ا ِﳊﺬا ُء �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟ ْﻐﺮاﻓيﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣيﺚ ﺗَ ْﻘﺴ�ﳰُﻬﺎ إﱃ ا ٔ�ﻗﺎﻟﲓ وا ِﳉ ِ‬
‫ﺒﺎل وا ٔ�ﳖْ ِﺎر‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉُ ْﻐﺮاﻓيﺎ‪ٌ �ِ :‬ﲅ ﺑأٔ ْﺣﻮ ِال ا ٔ� ْر ِض ِﻣﻦ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴ �ﲀن‪.‬‬‫و �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،(gègrafo) :‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )‪ٔ ،(gè‬أي‪ٔ :‬أ ْر ٍض‪ ،‬و)‪ٔ ،(grafo‬أي‪:‬‬
‫ُﻛ ُﺘﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪�ُ -‬ﻼ ِﻫﻖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْ ُﲑ ﺑﻮ ِاﺳﻄ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِس‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟُ ْﻌﺒ ٌﺔ ﯾَﻠ َﻌ ُﺐ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﺪو ٌر �ُ ْﺮﱉ ﺑﻪ �‬ ‫ﻃﲔ ُﻣ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉُﻼ ِﻫ ُﻖ‪ٌ :‬‬
‫�ﲑ �اﻟﻼ ِم‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪:‬‬ ‫ﯿﺎن‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪�ْ َ :‬ﻠَ َﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑ َﺘ ْﻘﺪ ِﱘ اﻟﻬﺎ ِء وﺗَأٔ ِ‬ ‫ا ّ ِﻟﺼ ْﺒ ُ‬
‫ُ�ﻼ ِﻫﻘ ٌﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳌ ُ َﺘ ِ ّنﱯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳيﱵ ُ�ﻼ ِﻫ ِﻖ‬ ‫ﺮي اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻫ ِﻖ * ُﻣنْ� ِﺪ ٌر ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ٔ�ﻧ �ﲈ ا ِﳉ ْ ُ� ﻟ ُﻌ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�ُ ) :‬ﻼﻫَﻪ( ﻛﲈ ﰲ اﳉَ ْﻤﻬَﺮ ِة‪ٔ ،‬أو ) ُ� َ�(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ُ :‬ﻛ �ﺒ ِﺔ ﻏَ ْﺰل‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪�ُ -‬ﻠُﺴ�ﺘﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎن‪� :‬اﻟﺰﻫْﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉُﻠُ ْﺴ� ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﮔﻠﺴ�ﺘﺎن(‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪ُ ) :‬ﮔﻞ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َاﻟﻮ ْر ِد‪،‬‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﻣ َ� �ﻞ َاﻟﻮ ْرد‪.‬‬
‫و)ﺳ�ﺘﺎن( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻣ َ� ٍ ّﻞ‪ُ ،‬‬

‫‪۲٦٤‬‬
 ‫‪�ِ -‬ﻠْﻔﺎط‪:‬‬
‫ﻔﺎط‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ �ا�ي � َُﺸ �ﺪ ٔأﻟْﻮ َاح ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ِﺔ وﯾُﺼ ِﻠ ُﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا اﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ � ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉﻠْ ُ‬
‫اﳉَﻠْ َﻔﻄ َﺔ؛ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ُ َﲻ ُﺮ ﳌُﻌﺎ ِوﯾ َﺔ ﳌ�ﺎ ا ْﺳ� َﺘأٔ َذﻧ َﻪ ﰲ ﻏَ ْﺰ ِو اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪) :‬ا ِ ّٕﱐ ﻻ ٔأ ْ ِﲪ ُﻞ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ ِﻠ َ‬
‫ﻤﲔ‬
‫�ﲆ ٔأ ْﻋﻮا ٍد َ �ﳒ َﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻨ� �� ُﺎر و َ�ﻠْ َﻔ َﻄﻬﺎ ا ِﳉﻠْﻔﺎط(‪ ،‬وا ِﳉ ُ‬
‫ﻠﻨﻔﺎط ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪(calfatern) :‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣي�ﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫)ﻓﺮﯾﺘﺎك(‪.‬‬
‫‪ّ �ُ -‬ﻞ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﲰ ُﲔ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪ ،�ٌ � �ُ :‬وﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َاﻟﻮ ْر ِد َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ‬
‫ﲁ �ﺎ ٍّم‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉُ �ﻞ‪َ :‬اﻟﻮ ْر ُد �ﺸَ ْ ٍ‬
‫ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﲰ ُﲔ * واﳌ ُ ْﺴ ِﻤ ُ‬
‫ﻌﺎت ﺑ ُﻘ �ﺼﺎﲠِ ﺎ‬ ‫وﺷﺎ ِﻫﺪُ � اﳉُ �ﻞ و َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﮔ ْﻞ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬و ْرد‪.‬‬
‫‪�ُ -‬ﻠ�ﺴﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ون اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ َس‪ ،‬و َاﻟﻮ ْر ُد ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪ ،‬وﻧ َْﻮ ٌع‬
‫ﻨﱶ �ﲆ َﻣﻦ َﳛ ُﴬ َ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن‪َ :‬اﻟﻮ ْر ُد �ا�ي ﯾُ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉُﻠ � ُ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ ْﳛ ِﺎن؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺎ ُ�ﻠ � ٌ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻫﺎ وﺑَﻨَ ْﻔ َﺴ ُﺞ‬
‫َﺮي‪ٔ ،‬أو ) ُﮔﻠْﺸَ ﻦ( ﻛﲈ‬ ‫)ﳇﺸﺎن( ﻛﲈ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﳉَﻮ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ واﳉ َْﻮﻫ ِ ّ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫ﰲ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪.‬‬
‫‪�ُ -‬ﻠ�ﻨﺎر‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉُﻠ � ُﻨﺎر‪َ :‬زﻫ ُْﺮ �اﻟﺮ �ﻣﺎن‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﮔﻠْﻨﺎر(‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ) ُﮔﻞ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬اﻟﻮ ْر ِد‪ ،‬و)�ر( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬
‫�اﻟﺮ �ﻣﺎن‪.‬‬
‫‪۲٦٥‬‬
 ‫‪�ِ -‬ﻠ � ْﻮز‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉﻠ � ْﻮ ُز‪ :‬اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻨﺪُ ق‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْن ٍ‬
‫ﻈﻮر ﻋﻦ ﺳي َب َﻮﯾْ ِﻪ‬ ‫ُﴩ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ِء ِﺳﻮى اﳉَﻮ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ� ِ ْ‬
‫ﳼ‪)َ :‬ﳇ�ﻮز(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫اﻟﺼﻮ َاب ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن �‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻨﺪُ ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ -‬ﲨﺒﺎز‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎز‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫�ﺿﺎت اﻟ َﺒﺪَ ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉُ ْﻤ ُ‬
‫ﲑك‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﰷت ﺧَﻄﲑ ٍة ﰲ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(cambaz) :‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﻦ ﯾَأٔﰐ َﲝ َﺮ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫وح‪ ،‬و)�ز(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺎﻧﺒﺎز(؛ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ؛ ﻫﲈ‪�) :‬ﺎن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌُﻐﺎ ِﻣ َﺮ ٔأو �اﻟﻼ ِﻋ َﺐ َﲝﯿﺎ ِﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫�اﻟﻼ ِﻋ ُﺐ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ -‬ﲨ ُﺠﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉُ ْﻤ ُﺠ ُﻢ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ�ﺬﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﭽﻢ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ�ﺬا ٌء ﯾَﻠبَ ُﺴﻪ ﻓُ َﻘﺮا ُء ﺑِﻼ ِد ﻓﺎ ِرس‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪� ُ -‬ﲨﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮوف ٔأ ْ َﲜﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎب اﳉُ �ﻤ ِﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻗُ ِّﻄ َﻊ �ﲆ ُﺣ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ -‬ﺣ ُ‬
‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ﰲ اﳉَ ْﻤﻬَﺮ ِة ﻗَ ْﻮﻟَﲔِ ؛ ا ٔ� �و ُل ﻗَ ْﻮ ُ�‪) :‬و ٔأ �ﻣﺎ اﳉُ �ﻤ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳊ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎب ﻓﻼ أ ْٔﺣ َﺴ� ُﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎب اﳉُ �ﻤ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺣ َﺴ�ﳢُ ﺎ دا ِ� ً� ﰲ‬ ‫َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ َﲱﯿ ً�ﺎ(‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُ�‪) :‬واﳉُ �ﻤ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻟﻬﻢ‪ِ :‬ﺣ ُ‬
‫ﰟ َﺣ ْﺮ ِف‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻮﻣﻞ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر‪ /‬ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬‫ُﺮوف ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﺮب ٕاﻧ �ﲈ ٔأ َ� َﺬ ِت اﳊ َ‬ ‫اﳉﲓ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪۲٦٦‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﺟنﺎزة‪:‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �ﻠﳱﺎ َﻣيّ ٌِﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ� ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻻ �ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ا ِﳉﻨﺎز ُة ِﺟنﺎز ًة �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉﻨﺎزةُ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ّﯿ ُِﺖ �ﲆ �‬
‫وٕا �ﻻ ﻫﻮ َﴎ ٌ�ﺮ ٔأو ﻧ َ ْﻌ ٌﺶ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ ﺑ َﻌ ْﻜ ِﺲ ذ�‪.‬‬
‫ﻮن ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ َ� َ َﲋ �‬
‫اﻟﴚ َء‪ٔ :‬أي‪َ :‬ﺳ َ َﱰﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﺳﺎ �َ ْﺰ ُﲻ َ‬‫وا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن ً‬
‫ُ �ﰒ �َﻠ � َﻖ وﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬وﻻ ٔأدْري ﻣﺎ ِ �‬
‫ﲱ ُﺘﻪ(‪ ،‬وﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺳ�ﯿﺪَ ﻩ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َل ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ ﻧ َ َﺒ ّ‬
‫ﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉُ ْﻨبَثْﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉُ ْﻨبَثْﻘ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ ٔأ ُة ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِيّئﺔ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ �ِ -‬ﲊال‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉ ِﲊ ُال‪ :‬ﺿﺎ ِﺑﻂٌ ذو ُرﺗْﺒ ٍﺔ ﻋ َْﺴﻜﺮﯾ � ٍﺔ �ﺎﻟﯿ ٍﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬ال ِﻠ ّﻮا ُء‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‬
‫�ت"‪.‬‬ ‫"� ِﲊ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ا ٔ� ْورو ِﺑ ّ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(general) :‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ ُﻣ َﻌﻈ ِﻢ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫‪ ،genus‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ِﳉنْ ِﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ ا ِﳉﲊ ِال‪� :‬ﺎ �م‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻣﺎ ﯾ َ ْﻨﻄﺒ ُِﻖ �ﲆ َﲨﯿﻊ ِ ٔأﻓْﺮا ِد‬
‫ا ِﳉنْﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉَ ْﻨﻚ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ َﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻت �‬‫‪ -‬اﳉَ ْﻨ ُﻚ‪ :‬آ آ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ آ آ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭼنﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪�ْ ِ -‬ﺒِﺬ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎر ُع اﻟﻌﺎ ِر ُف ُﺑﻄ ُﺮ ِق اﻟﺘ� ْﻤ ِ‬
‫ﯿﲒ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉﻬْﺒ ُِﺬ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻗﺪُ اﳋ َُﺒﲑ ﺑ َﻐﻮا ِﻣ ِﺾ ا ٔ� ِ‬
‫ﻣﻮر‪ ،‬و ِ‬
‫اﳊ ََﺴ ِﻦ و �اﻟﺮديء‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٦۷‬‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ َﺨﻔ� ٌﻒ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﮔﻬ ُﺒﺪ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ﺒﺎل‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟ �نﺴ ِﺎك و�ﲆ اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻗ ِﺪ واﻟﻌﺎ ِرف‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ) ُﮔﻮﻩ ﺑﻮد(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌُﻘ ُﲓ ﰲ ا ِﳉ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟﻮا ِﻟﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼث‪ِ :‬ﺟﻮا ِﻟ ٌﻖ‪ ،‬و ُﺟﻮاﻟَ ٌﻖ‪ ،‬و ُﺟﻮا ِﻟﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت ﺛَ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉُﻮا ِﻟ ُﻖ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْوﻋﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ )ﭼﻮا�(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﮔﻮا�(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �اﻟﺰ �‬
‫�ﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪(cuval) :‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٕاﻧ �ﲈ ﻫﻮ � ْ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ �ا�ي َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ �اﻟﺰ �‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻮن �‪ِ :‬ﺷ َﻮال‪.‬‬ ‫)ﭼﻮال(‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﻮ�ﺎن‪:‬‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬اﳉَﺮ ُ�ﻦ وا ِﳌ ْﺴ َﻄ ُﺢ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ﺟﻮا�ﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎن‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﯿﺪَ ُر اﻟ َﻘ ْﻤ ِﺢ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉ َْﻮ ُ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻛﲈ ٔأ َ‬
‫ﺷﺎر ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟﺆ َذر‪:‬‬
‫ﺎت‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉ ُْﺆ َذ ُر‪َ :‬و َ ُ� اﻟ َﺒ َﻘﺮ ِة ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪ٔ ،‬آو َو َ ُ� اﻟ َﺒ َﻘﺮ ِة َاﻟﻮ ْﺣﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪� :‬آ ٓ ِذ ُر‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌ‬
‫َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة‪ُ :‬ﺟ ْﺆ ُذ ٌر‪ ،‬و ُﺟ ْﺆ َذ ٌر‪ ،‬وﺟﻮ ُذ ٌر‪ ،‬وﺟﻮ َذ ٌر‪ ،‬و َﺟ ْﻮ َذ ٌر‪ ،‬و َﺟ ْي َﺬ ٌر‪ ،‬و َﺟ ْﻮ ِذ ٌر؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬
‫�َ ِﺪ �ي ُ�ﻦ زﯾ ٍﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻮل اﻟ ِﻨّ ِ‬
‫ﻈﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺮ َف ﺑ َﻌ َﯿﲏ ُﺟ ْﺆ ُذ ٍر * ٔأ ْﺣ َﻮ ِر اﳌ ُ ْﻘ ِ� َﻣ ْﻜ ِ‬
‫ﴪ ُق �‬ ‫�َ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﮔﻮدَر(‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ) َﮔﺎو(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑ َ َﻘﺮ ٍة‪ ،‬و)دَر( لﻠﺘ� ْﺬﻛﲑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟﻮ ِد�ء‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉُﻮ ِد� ُء واﳉُﻮ ِذ� ُء‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜﺴﺎ ُء؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫وﺑ َ ْﯿﺪا َء َ ْﲢ َﺴ ُﺐ آٓرا َﻣﻬﺎ * ِر�ﺎ َل إ� ٍد ﺑأٔ ْﺟيﺎ ِدﻫﺎ‬
‫وﯾُ َﻘﺼﺪُ ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِ�‪) :‬ﺑأٔ ْﺟيﺎ ِدﻫﺎ(‪ :‬اﳉُﻮ ِد�ء‪.‬‬

‫‪۲٦۸‬‬
‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ﺗُﻐ َِّﻄﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻟ ِن ّﺴﺎ ُء‬‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﮔﻮاژﻩ(‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟ ُﻔﻮﻃ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِ ّ‬
‫ؤوﺳ ّﻬﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ُر َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻮذ�(‪،‬‬ ‫ٔآو ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �آ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔآﻧ �ﻪ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ٔآن َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(goudio) :‬‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﻮز‪:‬‬
‫ﺮب‪ْ �ٔ ) :‬ﺷ َﻘ َﺤﻨ�ﻚ‬ ‫ثﺎل اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬‫ﺆﰻ ﻟُ �ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬و�ﺎ َء ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ ﰲ ٔأ ْﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻜﴪ وﯾُ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉ َْﻮ ُز‪َ :‬ﴭ ٌَﺮ ﺛَ َﻤ ُﺮﻩ �ُ َ ُ‬
‫َﺷ ْﻘ َﺢ اﳉ َْﻮ ِز �ﳉَ ْﻨﺪَ ل(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﮔﻮز(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﻮ ِزﯾﻨَﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉ َْﻮ ِزﯾﻨَ ُﻖ واﳉ َْﻮزﯾﻨَ ُﺞ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﻠْﻮى ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ﺑﻠُ ِ ّﺐ اﳉ َْﻮ ِز‪ ،‬والﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻔﺼﯿ� ُﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪:‬‬
‫)اﳉ َْﻮزﯾﻨﻖ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﮔﻮزﯾﻨﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﻮ َﺳﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ‪ٔ ،‬أو ا ِﳊ ْﺼﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳉ َْﻮ َﺳ ُﻖ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻐﲑ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺷﻚ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ْ ُ‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬‫ﴫ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ﳼ‪) :‬ﺟﻮﺳﻪ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ﳼ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛ ْﻮﺷﻚ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ِء اﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬‫ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺟﻮﰲّ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉُﻮ �ﰲ واﳉﻮ ِﻓيﺎ ُء‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤﻚ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‪) :‬و ٔأ ْﺣ َﺴ�ﳢُ ﲈ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑَﲔِ (‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ُﴩ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ ِﺳﻮى اﳉَﻮ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ�ِ ْ‬
‫ﴐ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ﺣ ِ‬
‫يﺘﺎن اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﻣ ْﻌﺮوف(‪.‬‬ ‫)واﳉُﻮﰲ�‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫‪۲٦۹‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﺟ ْﻮق‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳉ َْﻮ ُق‪ :‬اﳉَﲈ� ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪َ :‬ﺟ �ﻮﻗَﻬﻢ َ ْﲡﻮﯾ ًﻘﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬
‫َ َﲨ َﻌﻬﻢ‪َ ،‬وﲡ �ﻮﻗﻮا‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ا ْﺟتَ َﻤﻌﻮا‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﺟﻮخ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳉَﲈ� ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس ٔأو اﳊَ َﯿﻮان‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺟ �ﻮا �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء و َﺟ �ﻮﺗُﻪ‪ :‬دا ِ� ُ�‪ ،‬واﻟ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒ ُﺔ‬ ‫َﺟ �ﻮا‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﰲ ا�� ا ِ� ِﻞ‪ ،‬و َﺟ �ﻮ اﻟ َﺒيْ ِﺖ‪ :‬دا ِ� ُ�‪ ،‬و َﺟ �ﻮ ِ ّ‬
‫�ﲁ ا ْﻣ ِﺮئٍ َﺟ �ﻮا ِﻧ �ﯿﺎ و�َ �ﺮاﻧ �ﯿﺎ‪َ ،‬ﳁﻦ ٔأ ْﺻﻠَ َﺢ‬‫ﲈن‪) :‬ا �ٕن ِّ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ َﺳﻠْ َ‬‫اﱐ‪ :‬ا�� ا ِ� �ﲇ‪ ،‬وﰲ َ� ِ‬ ‫إﻟﯿﻪ‪ :‬اﳉ �َﻮ �‬
‫�ﲁ ا ْﻣ ِﺮئٍ ﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ و� ِﻃ ٌﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ ُذ َؤﯾْ ٍﺐ اﻟﻬ َُﺬ ِ �ﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﷲ �َ �ﺮا ِﻧ �ﯿﻪ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِّ :‬‬‫َﺟ �ﻮا ِﻧ �ﯿﻪ ٔأ ْﺻﻠَ َﺢ ُ‬
‫َ ْﳚﺮي َﲜ �ﻮ ِﺗ ِﻪ َﻣ ْﻮ ُج اﻟ ُﻔﺮ ِات ٔ�ﻧْﻀﺎحِ * اﳋﺰاﻋﻰ َ‬
‫�ﺎز ْت َ ﻧرْ َﻘﻪ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ُﱖ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(gauo) :‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬دا ِ� َﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﺒ ْﻄ ِﻦ‪ ،‬و)‪ ،(gawoyo‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪) :‬دا ِ� ّﲇ(‪.‬‬
‫‪�ِ -‬ﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪َ � �َ :‬ﲑ اﳊ َْﻮض‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳉ ُﲑ‪ :‬ا ِﳉ �ﺺ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪َ � �َ :‬ﲑ‪ ،‬ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪(gairo) :‬؛ ﺑﻨ ْﻔ ِﺲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬

‫‪۲۷۰‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳊﺎء‬

‫�ﺎزي‪:‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬‬
‫اﳊﺎزي‪ :‬ا�ﲀ ِﻫ ُﻦ واﻟ َﻌ �ﺮ ُاف اﻟﻌﺎ ِﻟ ُﻢ � ٔ�ﻣﻮر‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(hazoio) :‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬ﺎﻧﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻊ‬‫�ﺎ�ت‪ْ َ ،‬‬‫وﲨ ُﻊ �ﺎﻧ ٍﺔ‪ٌ :‬‬ ‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ �ا�ي ﺗُﺒﺎ ُع ﻓيﻪ اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮت‪ :‬اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳊﺎﻧ ُﺔ واﳊﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻧﻮت‪َ :‬ﺣﻮاﻧيﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﻧﻮت ِﻣﻦ )‪،(honoutho‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬ﺎﻧ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )‪ ،(honou‬و�ﺎ ٌ‬ ‫�ن ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﻈﺎن ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ٔأي‪ :‬د �ُﰷ ِن اﳋَ �ﻤﺎر‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺣ ّﺐ‪:‬‬
‫بﺎب‪ ،‬و ِﺣ َبﺒ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳊ �ُﺐ‪ :‬اﳉ �َﺮ ُة اﻟﻀ� ﺨْﻤ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وٕا� ٌء َﻛﺒﲑٌ ُﳚ َﻌ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ اﳌﺎ ُء‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺣ ٍ‬
‫و ِﺣبﺎب‪.‬‬
‫ُﺐ( ﻛﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ُ ) :‬ﺣنْ ٌﺐ( ﻛﲈ َ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳉَ ْﻤﻬَﺮ ِة‪ٔ ،‬أو ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﺧ �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫َﻔﺎ�‪ٔ ،‬أو ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﺧُﻢ( ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ‬ ‫ﻬﺎب اﳋ �‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِ ّ‬
‫ﻮن‬‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻨ� َ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ُ ) :‬ﺧنْﺐ وﺧ ُْﻢ(‪ ،‬وا ٔ� �و ُل ٔأ ْﺻ ٌﻞ لﻠﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪� ،‬‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻗُ ِﻠ َﺒ ْﺖ ﻣﳰًﺎ ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮﳖِ ﺎ ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﻟﺒﺎ ِء‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ُ� ِﺬﻓَ ِﺖ اﻟﺒﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺣ َبﺎرى‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﻮر‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﯾ َ َﻘ ُﻊ �ﲆ �ا� َﻛ ِﺮ وا ٔ�ﻧْﱺ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬‫‪ -‬اﳊُﺒﺎرى‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ �‬
‫ُﺣ َب َﺎر َ�ت‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۷۱‬‬
‫يﴘ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُﴩ ٔأ �ي ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ِء إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪ ،‬وﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَ �‬ ‫ﱂ�ِ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� ) :‬أ ْ� َﺮﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺣ ْﺮ�ء‪:‬‬
‫ﺨﻄﻂٌ‪ْ َ � ،‬ﺴ� َﺘ ْﻘ ِب ُﻞ‬
‫وﻇﻬ ُْﺮﻫﺎ ُﻣ �‬
‫َﻗيﻖ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳊ ْﺮ� ُء‪ :‬د َُوﯾْ �ﺒ ٌﺔ َذ ُات ﻗَﻮ ِ َاﰂ �أ ْرﺑَﻊٍ‪ ،‬ر ٔأ ُﺳﻬﺎ د ٌ‬
‫ﴬ ُب ﲠﺎ اﳌَﺜَ ُﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫دار ْت‪ ،‬وﺗَ َﺘ �ﻠﻮ ُن ٔأﻟْﻮا�ً ‪ ،‬وﯾُ َ‬
‫َﺪور ﻣ َﻌﻬﺎ �ﯿﻒ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ َﺲ ﳖَ َﺎرﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗ ُ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺣ َﺰ ُم ِﻣﻦ ِﺣ ْﺮ�ء‪ ،‬وﺗ �َﻠﻮ َن ﺗ �َﻠﻮ َن ا ِﳊ ْﺮ� ِء‪ُ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳊ َْﺰ ِم واﻟﺘ� �ﻠﻮ ِن‪ ،‬ﻓ ُي ُ‬
‫َﺣ َﺮا ّﰊ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺧُﺮ�(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬‫ُﴩ ٔأ َ� ٌﺪ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ ﻗ ْب َﻞ اﳉَﻮ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ� ِ ْ‬
‫َﺪور ﻣ َﻌﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ َ ْﳓ َﻮ ﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ َﺲ وﺗ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ � َ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْﻘ ِب ُﻞ �‬ ‫�ﺎ ِﻓﻆِ �‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ‪ ،‬و)�ن(‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﺧ ُْﺮ�ن(‪ ،‬وﱔ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )ﺧُﺮ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬‬ ‫اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ٔأي‪� :‬ﺎ ِﻓﻆٍ و ُﻣ َﱰِﻗّﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺣ ْﺮ�ِﺶ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ّ ِﻢ‪ ،‬اﳋَ ِﺸ�ﻨ ُﺔ اﳌَﻠ َﻤ ِﺲ‪َ ،‬ﺻ ْﻮ ُت َﺟ َﺴ ِﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳊ ْﺮ� ُِﺶ وا ِﳊ ْﺮﺑ ُِيﺶ‪ :‬ا ٔ�ﻓْﻌﻰ اﻟ َﻜثﲑ ُة �‬
‫َﺷﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪َ ) :‬ﺧ ْﺮ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ :‬ﺣ ٍﲈر‪ ،‬و)�ﺶ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺷبيﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺧﺮ�ﺶ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ �‬
‫دي‪:‬‬‫‪ُ -‬ﺣ ْﺮ ّ‬
‫دي واﳊ ُْﺮ ِدﯾ � ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻠْﻘﻰ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘ َﺼ ِﺐ �ﲆ �ﺎﺋِﻂِ اﳊَﻈﲑ ِة َﻋ ْﺮﺿً ﺎ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳊ ُْﺮ �‬
‫ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪َ :‬ﺣ �ﺮدَﻩ َ ْﲢﺮﯾﺪً ا‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬اﳊَﺮ ّ‬
‫ادي‪.‬‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻫ ُْﺮ ِد ّي(‪.‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ْ ُ‬

‫‪۲۷۲‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﺣ ْﺮ َزﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳊ َْﺮ َزﻗ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳊَ ْب ُﺲ واﻟﺘ�ﻀْ ُ‬
‫ﯿﯿﻖ‪ ،‬و َﺣ ْﺮ َز َق‪ :‬اﻧْﻀَ �ﻢ وﺧَﻀَ َﻊ‪ ،‬و َﺣ ْﺮ َز ْﻗ ُتﻪ‪�َ :‬بَ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﺠ ُﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل �‬ ‫وﺿَ �ﯿ ْﻘ ُﺖ �ﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﺤ ْﺰ َر ُق‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﴪﯾ ُﻊ اﻟﻐَﻀَ ِﺐ‪ ،‬واﳊ َْﺰروﰶ�‪ّ ِ :‬‬
‫�ﺎف اﳌ ُ َﺤ ْﺰ َرﻗﺎ‬
‫�ﺎز ٌم * ذرﯾﲏ ﻓﺎ ِ ّٕﱐ ﻻ ٔأ ُ‬‫ٔأرﯾﲏ ﻓَ ًﱴ ذا ﻟَ ْﻮﺛ ٍﺔ وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻫﺰرﻗﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺰرق‪ ،‬وﻫﺰروﰶ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺣ َﺴﻚ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت � ﺛَ َﻤﺮ ٌة َﺧ ِﺸ�ﻨ ٌﺔ ﺗَ ْﻌﻠَ ُﻖ ﺑأٔ ْﺻﻮ ِاف اﻟﻐ َ َِﲌ‪ ،‬و ٔأدا ٌة ِﻣﻦ ٔأ َدو ِات اﳊ َْﺮ ِب‬
‫‪ -‬اﳊ ََﺴ ُﻚ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﺪﯾ ِﺪ ٔأو ِﻣﻦ اﳋَﺸَ ِﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪةُ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺴﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺧﺴﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺣ ْﺮ َﺷﻒ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت ذو َﺷ ْﻮك‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳊ َْﺮ َﺷ ُﻒ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻛﻨﮕﺮ(‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪�ِ -‬ﻠْﺘيﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎن‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻫ ُﻞ ﺗ� اﻟﺒِﻼ ِد ﯾَأٔ ُﳇﻮﻧ َﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺑِﻼ ِد اﻟ َﻘ ْي ِ‬
‫ﺑﲔ � ُْﺴ ٍﺖ و ْ َ‬ ‫َﺒﺎت ﯾَﻨبُ ُﺖ ْ َ‬
‫ﺘيﺖ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳊﻠْ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َ ْﲳ ُﻎ ا ٔ� ْ ُﳒﺬان‪.‬‬
‫ﻔﺎظ اﳌ َ ْﺨﺘﻠَ ِﻒ ﰲ َﻛ ْﻮﳖِ ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ًﺔ ٔأو ﻻ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺳ�ﯿﺪَ ﻩ‪) :‬وﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ َﺣنﯿﻔ َﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫َﺮي‪) :‬وﻻ ٔأراﻩ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ َﻣ ْﺤﻀً ﺎ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‬ ‫ﺘيﺖ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ٔأو ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫ا ِﳊﻠْ ُ‬
‫ﺬان‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻠ�ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺮﻓ ًﺔ ﻋﻦ ) ٔأنﻜﺪان ٔأژد(‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ َ ْﲳ َﻎ ا ٔ� ْ ُﳒ ِ‬ ‫ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أنﻜﮋد(‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(haltitho) :‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬

‫‪۲۷۳‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ِ -‬ﲪﯿﺎﻃﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ْ ِ -‬ﲪﯿﺎﻃﺎ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ِﺐ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِﻘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬ﺎﱊ اﳊ َُﺮم‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺣنْﺪَ ﻗﻮق‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﻮق‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮق‪ ،‬وا ِﳊ ْﻨﺪَ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺎت‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ٔأ ْرﺑ َ ُﻊ ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬اﳊَ ْﻨﺪَ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮق‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳊَ ْﻨﺪَ ُ‬
‫واﳊَ ْﻨﺪَ ﻗﻮﰵ‪ ،‬وا ِﳊ ْﻨﺪَ ﻗﻮﰵ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫َﺮي واﳉَﻮ �‬‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻫﻨﺪﻗﻮﻗﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۷٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﻝ‬

‫‪ -‬دادة �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﳊﺎﺿﻨ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌُﺴ�ﻨ� ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُ َﺮ ِ ّﰊ َاﻟﻮ َ َ� وﺗ َُﻼﻋ ُﺒﻪ َوﲣﺪُ ُﻣﻪ ُﻣنْ ُﺬ‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ادةُ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ َﺮﺑِّﯿ ُﺔ و ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮ�‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(dada) :‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫دارش‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮادُ‪ ،‬وا�� ا ِر ُش ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ا ِﳉ ْ ِ� ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ُرش‪� :‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫داﺷﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِ -‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ِاﺷ ُﻦ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ُب �ا�ي ﱂ ﯾُﻠبَ ْﺲ‪ٔ ،‬أو ا�� ُار اﳉَﺪﯾﺪ ُة اﻟ�ﱵ ﱂ �ُﺴ َﻜﻦ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د ُْﺷﻦ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﺟﺮ ُة واﻟ َﻌﻄﺎ ُء‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﯾ َ َﺘﺼﺪ ُ�ق ﺑﻪ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮس ﰲ ٔأﻋْﯿﺎ ِدﱒ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ �أ ِ� َﺬ )د ََﺷ َﻦ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٔ :‬أﻋْﻄﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌ َ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬داﻣﻮق‪:‬‬
‫داﻣﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻜﻮن ّ ِاﻟﺮ ِﱖ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﯾ َ ْﻮ ٌم ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ ﻣ َﻊ ُﺳ ِ‬ ‫اﻣﻮق‪ :‬ﯾ َ ْﻮ ُم اﳊ ّ َِﺮ �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ُ‬
‫�ﺎﰎ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪َ ) :‬د َﻣ ْﻪ ِﻛﺮ(؛ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )دﻣﻪ(‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﺑﻮ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﯾَأٔ� ُُﺬ �ﻟﻨ� ْﻔ ِﺲ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‬
‫ٔأي‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ْﻔ ِﺲ‪ ،‬و)�ﺮ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﯾَأٔ� ُُﺬ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� )دﻣﻜﻪ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُﻮن‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪) :‬دﻣﲀﻩ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ��ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺬوف ٔأ ِﻟ ِﻒ )دﻣﲀﻩ(‪ ،‬و ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ﺑﺼﻮر ِة‪َ ) :‬د َﻣﻘﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْ� َ‬
‫‪ -‬دا ِﻫﻞ‪:‬‬
‫�ﲑ‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﻮﻟُﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻻ َد ْﻫ َﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ َ َﲣ ْﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ا ِﻫ ُﻞ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ َﺘ ِ ّ ُ‬

‫‪۲۷٥‬‬
 ‫ﻄﻲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪َ :‬‬
‫)دا�(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﻧ َ َﺒ �‬
‫‪ِ -‬د�ْﺲ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻋ ََﺴ ِﻞ‬
‫‪ِ ّ -‬ا��ْ ُﺲ و ّ ِا�� ُِﺲ‪ُ :‬ﻋﺼﺎر ُة اﻟﺘ� ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ �َﺴ�ﯿ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ َﻃ ِﺐ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫���ْ ِﺲ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل ِﻣﻦ اﳌَأٔ ِ‬
‫ﺛﻮر‪" :‬اﺋْ َﺘ ِﺪﻣﻮا ّ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ْ� ِﻞ‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(delicho) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬دﺑ�ﻮس‪:‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ‪ِ -‬ﻫﺮاو ٌة ﻗَﺼﲑ ٌة‬
‫ﻌﲈل اﳊ ِ‬ ‫و�ﲑﻩ‪ ،‬وﱔ ‪-‬ﰲ � ْﺳ� ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ﺑ � ُﻮس‪ :‬اﳌَﻘ َﻤ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ َ�ﺪﯾ ٍﺪ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺴﲍ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬دَ�ﺑيﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺮ ٔأ ٍس َرﻓيﻊ ٍ ُﻣ � ٍ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ) َدﺑ�ﻮز(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �اﻟﺰ �‬
‫ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ) َدﺑ�ﻮس(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬د ْ�ﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ِ ّ -‬ا� ْ� ُﻦ‪َ :‬ﺣﻈﲑ ُة اﻟﻐ َ َِﲌ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘ َﺼﺐ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬د ْﺟﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت ﻓيﻪ اﻟ َﻜ ْﴪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل ﺑ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ ا�� ِال َ ِّ‬
‫وﲷﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْ�ﲆ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ّ -‬ا� ْﺟ ُﺮ‪ :‬الﻠ�ﻮﺑﯿﺎ ُء‪ْ ،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د َِﺟﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬د�ْﺪار‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب اﻟﻨ�ﻔيﺴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا ��ﻫ َُﺐ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﻦ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪،‬‬
‫ْﺪار‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� � ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ‪َ :‬د�ْﺪَ َر اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ َط‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻃﻼﻩ � ��ﻫَﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﲣﺖ( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﴎ ٌ�ﺮ ٔأو‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲣﺖ دار(‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �‬
‫ﺼﻮن ﰲ اﳋَﺰا�ِ ِﻦ ﻟﻨَﻔﺎﺳ� ِﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺧﺰاﻧ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و)دار( ٔأي‪ :‬ذو وﺻﺎ ِﺣ ٌﺐ‪ ،‬وﯾُ َﻘﺼﺪُ ﺑﻪ اﳌ َ ُ‬
‫‪۲۷٦‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬درا ْ� ِﺰ�ﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� را ْ� ِﺰ ُ�ﻦ‪ :‬ﻗَﻮ ِ ُاﰂ َﻣ ْﺼﻔﻮﻓ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﺧَﺸَ ٍﺐ ٔأو َ�ﺪﯾ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ُﲢ ُﺎط �‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼ ِﻟ ُﻢ ﻓتَﻤﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺸﲁ ِﺳ�ﯿﺎ ً�ﺎ ِ‬
‫�ﺎﺟ ًﺰا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮط‪ ،‬و� ُ ِ ّ ُ‬‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫�ب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻜﻮﻧ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬در(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٌ :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬درا ْ�ﺰ�ﻦ(‪ ،‬وﱔ ُﻣ �‬
‫و)�ﺰ�ﻦ( ٔأي‪ْ َ :‬ﲣﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬د َرﻓْﺲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ِ ّ -‬ا� َرﻓْ ُﺲ‪� :‬اﻟﺮاﯾ ُﺔ واﻟ َﻌ َ ُﲅ اﻟ َﻜبﲑ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬درﻓﺶ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬اﻟﺮاﯾ ُﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ّ ِا� َرﻓْ ُﺲ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻌﲑ اﻟﻀ� ْﺨ ِﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َﻋﺮ ّﰊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د �ُرا ِﻗﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� �را ِﻗ ُﻦ وا�� َرا ِﻗ ُﻦ‪ :‬اﳋَﻮخ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ� ِ ّﱐ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬داورﻗيﻨﺎ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ � ْ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د َْر�ن‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ :‬دراﺑِﻨ ٌﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳌُﺜﻘ� ُﺐ‬‫اﳊﺎﺟ ُﺐ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫�ن‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ �ﻮ ُاب و ِ‬ ‫�ن وا�� ْر ُ‬ ‫�ن و ّ ِا� ِر ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ْر ُ‬
‫ﺪي‪:‬‬‫اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ �‬
‫ﻛﺪُ �ﰷ ِن ا�� راﺑِﻨ ِﺔ اﳌَﻄﲔِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪،‬‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د َْر�ن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ؛ )در(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ُ :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫و)�ن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬ﺎ ِﻓﻆ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۷۷‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬د ْر�س ِ� ْﺮ�س‪� :‬ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ ،‬وﻻ ﯾُﻔتَ ُﺢ ﲟِ ْﻔتﺎحٍ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ ،‬ﯾُﻐﻠَ ُﻖ ﲠﺎ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َ�ﻠْ َﻒ ِ‬ ‫�س‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َ�ﺪﯾﺪ ٌة ُ‬ ‫‪ِ ّ -‬ا� ْر ُ‬
‫و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﺰﻻج‪.‬‬
‫�ب‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬در( ٔأي‪ٌ :‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫و)� َ ْﺴﱳ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ا ٕﻻ ْ�ﻼق‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د َْرز‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎزا لﻠ َﺨ �ﯿ َ‬
‫ﺎﻃﲔ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل َﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ ا ِﳋﯿﺎﻃ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِب‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ �ﻖ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘ ِﲈش‪ ،‬و َﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ْر ُز‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﻔ ُ� ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪ٔ " :‬أ ْوﻻ ُد د َْرزةَ"‪ ،‬وﯾُ َﻘﺼﺪُ ﲠﻢ اﻟﻐ َْﻮ�ﺎ ُء و �‬ ‫واﳊﺎﻛ ِﺔ‪" :‬ﺑَﻨﻮ درز"‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪" :‬ا ُ�ﻦ دَرزةَ" ِﻟ َﻤﻦ ﻻ ﯾُ َﻌﺮ ُف � � َ َﺴ ٌﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳋَﻠْ ِﻖ‪ ،‬و�ُ َﻜ �ﲎ ا�� ﻧْﯿﺎ ﺑـ " ٔأم د َْر ٍز"‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫ُوﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ دُروز‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د َْرز(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ْارِﺗﻔﺎ ُع اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِب إذا ُ ِﲨ َﻊ َﻃ َﺮﻓﺎﻩ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﻌﺎ ِ ّﻣي� ِﺔ‬
‫اﻟﱰ �ﰾ َ ْﲢﺮ ٌﯾﻒ ﻟـ "د َْرزي"‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(terzi) :‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ � ْ‬
‫"�ﺮزي"‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﳌَﻦ َﳜﯿﻂُ اﻟ ِﺜ ّﯿﺎب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د ََرﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻮن وﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ ُ�ﻠﻮ ِد اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان‪،‬‬ ‫وس اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾ َ َﺘ �ﱰ ُس ﲠﺎ اﳌُ�ﺎ ِر َ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� َرﻗ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﱰ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ ا�ﳯ� ْ ِﺮ‪ُ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬د ََر ٍق‪ ،‬و ِدر ٍاق‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْدر ٍاق؛‬ ‫و�ب َﺻﻐﲑٌ )ﺧﻮ�ﺔ( ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ َﺻ �ﻒ ٔأ ْدراﻗًﺎ َﻣﴣ ِﻣﻦ ا�� َر ْق‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬د ِر�ﻪ( ٔأو ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(thorake) :‬‬

‫‪۲۷۸‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬د َْر َﻣﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎب اﻟ َﻘ ْﻤ ِﺢ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﻗيﻖ اﻟﻨ� ِﻘ �ﻲ اﳌ َ ْﺼﻨﻮ ُع ِﻣﻦ ﻟُ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ْر َﻣ ُﻖ وا�� ْر َﻣ ُﻚ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ا�� ُ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ �ُ ْﺮﺑ ِﺔ اﳉﻨ� ِﺔ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ‪) :‬د َْر َﻣﻜ ٌﺔ ﺑ َ ْﯿﻀﺎ ُء ِﻣ ْﺴ ٌﻚ‬
‫�ﺎء ﰲ اﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﻗيﻖ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫�اﻟﱰ ِاب ا�� ِ‬
‫�ﺎ ِﻟﺺ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د َْرﻣﻘﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬د ْ ﻧُرُﻮك‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﯿﻚ و ّ ِا� ْ ِﻧر ُﻚ وا�� ْرﻣﻮكُ ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟبُ ُﺴﻂِ ‪ٔ -‬أو اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎب‪ٔ � -‬أ ْﻃﺮ ٌاف‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ْ ﻧرُﻮكُ وا�� ْر ُ‬
‫ﻧﯿﻚ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬‫ُﻣتَﺪَ ِﻟ ّﯿ ٌﺔ ﻗَﺼﲑ ٌة‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ َدرا ِﻧ َﻚ و َدرا َ‬
‫ﻧﯿﻚ ِرﻓَ ِ ّﻞ ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِد‬
‫َﺟ ْﻌ ِﺪ ا�� را ِ‬
‫ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ ْﺨ َﺘ ِﻀ ٌﺐ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺟﺴﺎ ِد‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺮا ِﺟ ُﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ٔأ ْر َﺳﻠْ ُﺖ ﻓﳱﺎ ﻗَ ِﻄ ًﻤﺎ �ُﲀ ِ�ﲀ‬
‫ﻓﻮق َﻇﻬْ ِﺮ ِﻩ َدرا ِنﲀ‬
‫ٔ� �ن َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د َْرو�ﺶ‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﲔ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ �اﻟﺰا ِﻫ ِﺪ ﰲ ا�� ﻧْﯿﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻘﲑ ا ِﳌ ْﺴ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ��ﺎ ُذ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻔ ُ‬
‫و�ﺶ‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ْر ُ‬
‫�ب‪ ،‬و)ﭘيﺶ( ٔأي‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د َْرو�ﺶ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪) :‬دَر( ٔأي‪ٌ :‬‬
‫�ﻟﺒﺎب‪ ،‬و�ُ َﻜ �ﲎ ﺑﺬ� ﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻘﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأﻣﺎ َم‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ اﻟﻮا ِﻗ ُﻒ ِ‬

‫‪۲۷۹‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬دَﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺎن ﰲ ﻗَﻀﺎ ِء َﺣﻮ ِاﲗِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﯿﺎب اﻟ�ﱵ �َ ْﻜﻔﻲ ا ٕﻻ� ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﺤﺮا ُء‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ْﺳ ُﺖ‪� :‬‬
‫و َاﻟﻮ َر ُق‪ ،‬و ّ ِاﻟﺮ�ﺳ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وا ِﳊﯿ ُ�‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻮﺳﺎدةُ‪ ،‬وا ْﺳ� ُﺘﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ّ ِا�ﯾﻮ ِان‪ ،‬وﰲ‬
‫وﰎ �ﻠﯿﻪ ا�� ْﺳ ُﺖ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪� َ :‬ﰎ � ا�� ْﺳ ُﺖ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ� :‬ﻠَ َﺐ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻘ ِﲈر‪� َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ِﲈر ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫�ُ ِﻠ َﺐ وﺧ َِﴪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰻ اﳌَﻌﺎﱐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ﰲ ِ ّ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﺑﲔ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ‪َ ْ -‬‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫)دﺷﺖ(‪ ،‬ﰲ �ﲔِ ﻓَ َﺼ َﻞ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ‪-‬وواﻓَ َﻘﻪ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺤﺮا ِء‪َ ،‬ﻓﺬ َﻛﺮوا ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪) :‬دﺷﺖ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� �ﳌَﻌﺎﱐ ا ��ﺧﺮى‪) :‬دﺳﺖ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫و�ﲑ ذ� ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﻌﺎﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻠﻮك‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﺻ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ َﺒيْ ِﺖ و َﻣ� ِﻠ ِﺲ اﳌ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﯿ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬‬
‫‪َ -‬د ْﺳتَبﺎن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰷﻟﺼ ْﻘ ِﺮ ٔأو �‬
‫ﯿﻮر �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬ ‫ﺮﰊ َﺟﻮ ِارحِ �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن �ﲆ ﯾ َ ِﺪ ُﻣ ِ ّ‬ ‫بﺎن‪ِ :‬ر� ٌط ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ْﺳت َ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬دﺳﺖ( ٔأي‪ :‬ﯾ َ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬و)�ن( ٔأي‪� :‬ﺎ ِر ٌس و�ﺎ ِﻓﻆٌ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ �ﺎﱊ‬
‫اﻟ َﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬د ْﺳ�ﺘﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر‪ :‬ا�� ﻓْ َ ُﱰ �ا�ي �ُﻜتَ ُﺐ ﻓيﻪ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ُء اﳌ َ ْﺠ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻮ�ﺎت ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪ْ �ٔ ،‬ﺳﲈ ِء اﳉُ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ْﺳ� ُ‬
‫ﴫ‬‫�‪ ،‬و �أﻃ ِﻠ َﻖ �ﲆ َاﻟﻮز� ِﺮ ا ٔ�ﻋ َْﻈ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫وا�� ﻓْ َ ُﱰ �ا�ي ُﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻓيﻪ ﻗَﻮا ُﻧﲔ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ٔأ�ﲆ َوﺛﯿﻘ ٍﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ﰲ ا�� ْو ِ�‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬دَﺳﺎﺗﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِة اﻟ َﻘﻮﯾ � ِﺔ؛ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )دﺳﺖ(‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬دﺳ�ﺘﻮر(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﯾ َ ِﺪ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠْﻄﺔ‪.‬‬‫و)ور( ٔأي‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ٍﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ �‬ ‫ٔأي‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎ ِ�ﺪ ِة‪َ ،‬‬
‫‪َ -‬د ْﺳ ِتيﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ْﺳ ِت ُيﺞ‪ :‬إ� ٌء ُﳛ �ﻮ ُل وﯾُﻨ َﻘ ُﻞ ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ اﻟ َﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۸۰‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬د ْﺳ�ﱵ( ٔأي‪ :‬ﯾ َ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬واﻟﯿﺎ ُء لﻠ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ اﻻٕ� ُء‬
‫اﻟ َﯿﺪَ ّ‬
‫وي‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬دﻓْ َﱰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻟ َﺒﲏ ٔأ َﺳ ٍﺪ ٔأو‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُﺤ ُﻒ اﳌَﻀْ ﻤﻮ ُم ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ إﱃ ٍ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ﻓْ َ ُﱰ و ّ ِا�ﻓْ َ ُﱰ‪� :‬‬
‫ﻗَيْ ٍﺲ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻔ َﱰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻘﺎق‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ‬‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱ ٌﯿﺢ وﻟيﺲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ﱂ ﯾُ َﻌﺮ ْف � ا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ٌ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬دﻓْ َﱰ(‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ �أ ِ ّدي‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِﺳ�ﯿﺪَ ْﻩ ٔأ �ن )اﻟﺘ� ْﻔ َ َﱰ( ‪-‬وﻫﻮ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ ا�� ﻓْ َ ِﱰ‪ٔ -‬أ َﲺ �‬
‫ﴘ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَ ْي �‬‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ذ� ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺘﺎب َﺻﻐﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻘﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ )دﯾﻔتﺎرا(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ :‬ﻛ ٌ‬ ‫َﻓﺬ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻞ اﻟﯿﻮ� �ﱐ ﯾَﻌﻮ ُد ٔ� ْﺻ ٍﻞ ﻓي ّ ٍ‬
‫‪َ -‬دﻛ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﴪ‬ ‫ﻜﻮن ُﻣﻬ �ﯿأ� لﻠ ُﻘﻌﻮ ِد‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ �َ ِ ُ‬
‫ُﺴﻮى َﺳ ْﻄ ُ�ﻪ ﻟ َﯿ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ﻛ� ُﺔ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﺴ َﻄﺒ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﺑِﻨﺎ ٌء � �‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ِ ّ :‬ا�ﻛ� ُﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ِ :‬د َﻛﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�� ا َل ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬
‫ﻮﱊ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َذ َﻛ َﺮ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ا ٔ�ﻣﲔ اﳌ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺤﱯ‪.‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬
‫‪ -‬د �ُﰷن‪:‬‬
‫َﰷﻛﲔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا�� ﻛ� ُﺔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮت‪ ،‬ﯾُﺬﻛ� ُﺮ وﯾُﺆﻧ ُ�ﺚ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬د َ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� �ﰷ ُن‪ :‬اﳊﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻃﲔ َﳚ ِﻠ ُﺲ �ﻠﯿﻪ(؛ وﻗﺎ َل اﳌ ُﺜﻘ� ُﺐ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ �‬
‫ﺪي‪:‬‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺚ ٔأﰊ ﻫ َُﺮْ�ﺮةَ‪) :‬ﻓ َبﻨَيْنﺎ � د �ُﰷ�ً ِﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫َ� ِ‬
‫ﻓأٔﺑْﻘﻰ �ﻃﲇ وا ِﳉ �ﺪ ِﻣﳯﺎ * ﻛﺪُ �ﰷ ِن ا�� راﺑِﻨ ِﺔ اﳌَﻄﲔِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د �ُﰷن(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬دﻟْﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ذات ُدﻟْ ٍﺐ َﻛﺜﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ﻟْ ُﺐ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ َ َ‬
‫ﴭ ِﺮ ّ ِاﻟﺰﯾﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة ُدﻟْﺒ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْر ٌض َﻣ ْﺪﻟَﺒ ٌﺔ‪ُ :‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(doulbo) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪۲۸۱‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬دﻟْ ِﻔﲔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ﻟْ ِﻔ ُﲔ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ ا�� و ِ ّاب اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ ُ‬
‫َﻌيﺶ ﰲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗُ ْﻨﺠﻲ اﻟ َﻐﺮ َﯾﻖ َوﲢ ِﻤ ُ� �ﲆ َﻇﻬْ ِﺮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ُ :‬دﺧَﺲ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ )‪.(delfin‬‬
‫‪َ -‬دﻟَﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ﻟَ ُﻖ‪َ :‬ﺣ َيﻮ ٌان �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ اﻟﻬ �ِﺮةَ‪َ ،‬ﻇﻬ ُْﺮﻩ َﻃﻮﯾ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ ِ� ْ ِ�ﻩ اﻟ ِﻔﺮاء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د ََ�(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬د ُﻣ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﲑ ا ٔ� َﻣﺮاء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ُﻣ ْﺴ� ُﺘ ُﻖ‪ٔ :‬أ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬د ْﻣﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎن‪ٔ ،‬أو َﺷﻬﺎد ُة �َﺮاء ٍة‬ ‫ﻣﲑ ٔأو �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ْﻣﻐ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﱔ اﻟ َﻌﻼﻣ ُﺔ واﳋ ْ َُﱲ‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ُ‬
‫�ﺎﰎ ا ٔ� ِ‬
‫اﳊﺎﰼ �ﻟ َﻌ ْﻔ ِﻮ ﻋﻦ ُﻣﺠ ِﺮ ٍم ٔأو ﺗَأٔﻣﲔِ �ﺎﺋِ ٍﻒ‪ٔ ،‬أو َر ْ ٌ‬
‫ﰟ‬ ‫ﻄﺎن ٔأو ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗَﺼﺪُ ُر ﻋﻦ �‬
‫ﺤﺮرات‪.‬‬‫�ﺎص اﻟ َﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ �ﲆ اﳌ ُ �‬
‫ﺗَ َﺘﻘﺎﺿﺎﻩ ا�� ْو ُ� �أو ٔأ َ�ﺪُ ا ٔ� ْﺷ ِ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(damga) :‬وﰲ � ْ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫وﱂ � ُ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲤﻐﺎ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑَﻊ ِ واﳋ َْﱲ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬د َﻣﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� َﻣ ُﻖ‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺮ ُﱖ اﳌُﺼﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺛَﻠْﺞ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬د َﻣﻪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۸۲‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬د َﻣ ْﻘﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ا ِﳌﺪَ ْﻗ ُﺲ‪ ،‬و ّ ِا�ﻗَ ْﻤ ُﺲ‪ ،‬و ّ ِا� َﻣ ْﻘ ُﺺ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ِ ّ -‬ا� َﻣ ْﻘ ُﺲ‪ :‬اﳊَﺮ ُ�ﺮ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫و ّ ِا� ْﻣ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎس؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ْﻣ ُﺮ ُؤ اﻟ َﻘ ْي ِﺲ‪:‬‬
‫�اب ّ ِا� َﻣ ْﻘ ِﺲ اﳌ ُ َﻔت� ِﻞ‬ ‫َﻤﲔ ﺑﻠَ ْﺤ ِﻤﻬﺎ * َ ْ‬
‫وﴮ ٍﻢ كﻬُﺪ ِ‬ ‫َﻓﻈ �ﻞ اﻟ َﻌﺬارى �َ ْﺮﺗ َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬د ْﻣ َﺴﻪ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ِﺾ‪َ ،‬ذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﴘ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺴﻮ� إﱃ ِد َﻣ ْﺸ َﻖ‪ ،‬و َﺟ َﺰ َم ﺑﺬ� ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَيْ �‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣن ْ ً‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜن�ﻪ َ ْﳜﺘ ِﻠ ُﻒ ﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫)‪ ،(damaskos‬ور ٔأى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﴘ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ� َﻓﲑى ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ِ ) :‬ﻣتَ ْﻜﺴﺎ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳊَﺮ ُ�ﺮ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﻗُ ِﻠ َﺒ ْﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَ ْي ِ ّ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ا ٔ�ﺧْﺮى ﻗيﻠَﺖ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻘﻠْ ِﺐ اﳌ َ ّ‬
‫ﲀﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬والﻠ � ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬دﻧْﺢ‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ � ُﺴ �ﻤﻮﻧ َﻪ اﻟﻐ َُﻄ ُﺎس ٔأو اﻟ ِﻌﲈد‪.‬‬
‫بﺎط ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ﻧ ُْﺢ‪ :‬ﻋﯿ ٌﺪ لﻠﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻗ ُ‬
‫ﻌﻞ )‪،(dnah‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(denho) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا �ﻟﻈ ِ‬
‫ﻬﻮر‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ َﻇﻬ ََﺮ وﻻح‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د �ُواج‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎف اﳌَﻠْﺒﻮس‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� �و ُاج‪ :‬ال ِﻠ ّ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬دواج(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د �ُواﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻔﺎل‪ ،‬ﺗُﻠَ �ﻒ �ﺴ ٍﲑ ٔأو َﺧ ْيﻂٍ ُ �ﰒ �ُ ْﺮﱉ �ﲆ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� �واﻣ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻟُﻌﺒ ٌﺔ ﯾَﻠ َﻌ ُﺐ ﲠﺎ ا ٔ� ْﻃ ُ‬
‫ﻓتَﺪور‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪) :‬دواﺑﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬

‫‪۲۸۳‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬د َْو َرق‪:‬‬
‫ُﴩب‪.‬‬ ‫و�ن‪ ،‬و ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ِﻣ ْﻜيﺎ ٌل ِﻟﲈ � َ‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ْو َر ُق‪ٕ :‬ا ْ�ﺮﯾﻖٌ َﻛﺒﲑٌ � ُﻋ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د ُْو َرﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟﻀ� ّ ِﻢ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﺟ �ﺮ ٌة َﺻﻐﲑ ٌة‪ ،‬و)د َْو َرﻩ( ﺑ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ‬
‫لﻠﴩ ِاب‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬د َْورك(‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‬ ‫ا�� ِال َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻜيﺎ ٌل �‬
‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬دوﺷﺎب‪:‬‬
‫وﺷﺎب‪ :‬ﻧ ُ‬
‫َبيﺬ اﻟﺘ� ْﻤ ِﺮ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ُ‬
‫ﺼﲑ اﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ِﺐ ٔأو اﻟﺘ� ْﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ُوﺷﺎب( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻋ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬د َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬دُوغ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� و ُغ‪ :‬الﻠ � َ ُﱭ اﳌ َ ْﲋو ُع ِﻣنﻪ ُزﺑﺪﺗُﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬اﳌَﺨﯿﺾ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬دوغ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬دُوﻻب‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻗي ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ ُ‬
‫ُﺪ�ﺮﻫﺎ ا�� اﺑ � ُﺔ ﰾ � ُ ْﺴ� َﺘﻘﻰ اﳌﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻب‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬دوﻻ( ٔأي‪ :‬إ� ٌء‪ ،‬و)آٓب( ٔآي‪ :‬ﻣﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬دُﻫﺎ ِﻧﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ‬‫اﻟﴪﯾ ُﻊ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻌﻈ ُﲓ ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻌﲑ �‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻣﺎن‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن � َﺳ� ِ‬ ‫ﻌﲑ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ﻫﺎ ِﻧ ُﺞ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ا�� ﻫﺎ ِﻣ ُﺞ‪ ،‬وا�� ْ َﳘ ُﺞ‪ ،‬وا�� ْﻫﻨَ ُﺞ‪ ،‬وا�� ْﻣﻬ َُﺞ‪ ،‬وا�� ِ�ﱑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳾ ٍء‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ر ٔأى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ‬ ‫ﺮب‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ِﻟ ِ‬ ‫َﺮي �ﲆ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َ‬ ‫ﻧ �َﺺ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ وﻟَ ْﻔﻆِ )ا�� ْﻫﻨَ ِﺞ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱ ٌﯿﺢ‪ ،‬و ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َوﻗَ َﻊ َ�ﻠْﻂٌ ْ َ‬
‫�اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ ) :‬د ْﻫﻨَﻪْ(‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﳉَﻮا ِﻫ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬

‫‪۲۸٤‬‬
‫ﻟﯿﻞ ٔأ �ن ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻟُﻐ ًﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬وﱔ‬ ‫)دَﻫﺎﻧَﻪْ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ )ا�� ﻫﺎ ِﻧﺞ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺪَ ِ‬
‫) َدﻫَﻨﺞ(‪ ،‬ﻓ�ٔ �ن ا ٔ� ِﻟ َﻒ َﺳ َﻘ َﻄ ْﺖ ِﻣنﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬دﻫْﺪَ ار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� ﻫْﺪَ ُار‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜ ْ ُﱪ واﻟﺒﺎ ِﻃ ُﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬
‫ﺘﺎر وا�ﳤ� َ �ﱰ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬داﻫﺪار( ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )داﻩ( ٔأي‪ :‬دَ�ء ٍة‪ ،‬و)دار( ٔأي‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬دﻫْﻠﲒ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ ا�� ِار و�ﲠِ ﺎ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬د َ‬
‫َﻫﺎﻟﲒ‪،‬‬ ‫ْﻠﲒ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳌ َ َﻤ �ﺮ �ا�ي ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ْ َ‬ ‫ْﻠﲒ وا�� ﻫ ُ‬ ‫‪ِ ّ -‬ا�ﻫ ُ‬
‫ْﻠﲒ ا�ٓ ِﺧﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْ ُﱪ ِدﻫ ُ‬
‫وﯾُ ُ‬
‫َﺮي‪) :‬داﻟﲒ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫)دﻫ�(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْنﻄﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬د ََ�ﺑُﻮذ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� َ�ﺑُﻮ ُذ وا�� �ﺑﻮدُ‪ :‬ﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب ﯾُ َنﺴ ُﺞ �ﲆ َﺧ ْي َﻄﲔِ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫ﲀف ُ َﳜﺎ ِﻟﻂُ ِﻋ ْﻈ ِﻠ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﴪﺑ َ َﻞ ﲢ َﺘ ُﻪ * ٔأ َ ﻧرْﺪَ َج ا ْٕﺳ ٍ‬
‫�ﻠﯿﻪ د ََ�ﺑُﻮ ٌذ � َ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬دوﭘﻮذ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )دو( ٔأي‪ :‬اﺛْﻨَﲔِ ‪ ،‬و)ﭘﻮذ( ٔأي‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻟُ ْﺤﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬دﯾْﺪَ �ن‪:‬‬
‫بﺎر‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬اﻟﺮﺑِيئﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠﯿﻌ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و�َ ْ ُﲔ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِم �ا�ي ﯾَأٔﰐ ﳍﻢ � ٔ� ْﺧ ِ‬ ‫�ن‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ﯾْﺪَ ُ‬
‫اﳊﺎرس‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬دﯾﺪَ ﻩ( ٔأي‪ٌ ْ َ� :‬ﲔ‪ ،‬و)�ن( ﻻ ِﺣﻘ ٌﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳊﺎﱊ و ِ‬

‫‪۲۸٥‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬د� َْﺴﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�� � َْﺴ ُﻖ‪ :‬ا ِﳋﻮ ُان اﳌُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔﻀ� ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﳋ ْ ُُﱫ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺤﺮا ُء اﻟﻮ ِاﺳﻌ ُﺔ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ َاب إذا ﻟَ َﻤ َﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل �‪َ :‬د� َْﺴﻖٌ ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ َ �ﲰﻮا �‬
‫ﻨﲑ ُ‬ ‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء ﯾُﴤ ُء وﯾُ ُ‬ ‫و �اﻟﱰ ُاب‪ ،‬و �‬
‫ﻓﺎض ﻣﺎ ُؤﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﱴ د ََﺳ َﻖ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣ ٔ� ُت اﳊ َْﻮ َض �‬ ‫َد� َْﺴ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬واﳊ َْﻮ ُض اﳌَ�ٓ ُن؛ ﯾُ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻃ ْﺸ� ُﺘ ْﺨﻮان(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬دﯾﻨﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﺮب ﻋ ََﴩ َة َدر ِ َ‬
‫اﱒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎر وا�� ﯾْ ُﻨﺎر‪ْ ُ :‬ﲻ ٌ� روﻣﺎﻧ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﻗَﺪﳝ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ � ُﺴﺎوي ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ّ -‬ا� ُ‬
‫ﺜﲑ ا�� � ِﻧﲑ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬د�ﻧﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ر ُ� ٌﻞ ُﻣﺪَ ن� ٌﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻛ ُ‬ ‫ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎر ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ ٔأ �ن ّ ِا� َ‬
‫َﴩ َو َ� ٍ‬
‫ﺪات‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎر � َ ْﺸ� ِﳣ ُﻞ �ﲆ ﻋ ْ ِ‬
‫�اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(denarium) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻋ َْﴩ �ي؛ ٔ� �ن ّ ِا� َ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأن‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲀن‪َ ،(denar) :‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫و َد َ� َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ إﱃ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬

‫‪۲۸٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺬّﺍﻝ‬

‫‪َ -‬ذﻣﺎء‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا �� َﻣﺎ ُء‪ :‬ﺑَﻘي� ُﺔ �اﻟﺮوحِ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ ََﻈ �ﻞ ﰲ ا ِﳉ ْﺴ ِﻢ ﻟ َﻔ ْﱰ ٍة ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ��ﺑْ ِﺢ ٔأو اﳌ َ ْﻮ ِت‪ ،‬ﻓتُﺴ ِبّ ُﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻮح‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑ َ َﻘﻲ ِﻣنﻪ ا ��ﻣﺎ ُء؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﳊ ََﺮﻛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺻﯿ َﻎ ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓﻌ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ذ ِﻣ َﻲ اﳌ َ ْﺬ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُذ َؤﯾْ ٍﺐ اﻟﻬُ َﺬ �ﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺎر ٌب * ِﺑ َﺬﻣﺎﺋِ ِﻪ ٔأو ِ�ركٌ ُﻣتَ َﺠ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺠ ُﻊ‬ ‫ﻓأٔﺑ َ �ﺪﻫ �ُﻦ ُﺣتﻮﻓَﻬ �ُﻦ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬دم( ٔأي‪ :‬ﺑَﻘي� ُﺔ اﻟﻨ� َﻔﺲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍء‬

‫‪ -‬راﺑِﻨﺎن‪:‬‬
‫لﻠﱪ ِد‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﻦ‬‫ﺸﻮ ٌة ﻗُ ْﻄﻨًﺎ ﺗُﻠبَ ُﺲ ﲢ َﺘﻪ ْ‬ ‫ِﻨﺎن‪ِ :‬ﺧ ْﺮﻗ ٌﺔ ﺗُﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰷﳋ ُِّﻒ َﻣ ْﺤ �‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮاﺑ ُ‬
‫ﲢﺖ اﳋ ُِّﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ِﻨﺎن(‪ُ ) :‬ﻣ َﺮ��ﻦ و ُﻣ َﺮ ْو�َﻦ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻻ� ِِﺲ ا ِﳋ ْﺮﻗ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﻠبَ ُﺲ َ‬ ‫)راﺑ ٍ‬
‫ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ��ﺎجِ‪:‬‬
‫ﴪ َولٍ ﰲ آ آ ِ ِ� ) ُﻣ َﺮ�� ِﻦ(‬ ‫ُﻣ َ ْ‬
‫ﺣﲓ‬‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫)اﻟﺮان(‪ ،‬و َﻋﻘ� َﺐ �ﻠﯿﻪ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)اﻟﺮان( ﲠِ ﺬا اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ ،‬ﺑﻞ اﳌ َ ْﻮﺟﻮ ُد ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ �ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ‪� :‬‬
‫ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ﰲ ِ‬
‫)اﻟﺮاﻧﲔ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا �ﻟﴪاو ِﯾﻞ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ ا�� روعِ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ ُِّﻐﻄﻲ اﻟ َﻔ ِ� َﺬ ِ�ﻦ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ‬ ‫�‬
‫ﺮب )را�ن( ﺗ ََﻮ � ٌﱒ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‬ ‫ر ٔأى ٔأ �ن ﻗَ ْﻮ َل ُر ْؤﺑ َﺔ ) ُﻣ َﺮ�� ٌﻦ( ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ُ :‬ﻣﺮن� ٌﻦ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ )راﻧﲔ(‪ ،‬وﻗﻮ َل اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺮب‪ُ ) :‬ﻣ َﺮ ْو�َ ٌﻦ( َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ )روﺑﻨﺪ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ال ِﻠ ّﺜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ �ثﲎ‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﻮ َل اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬

‫‪۲۸۷‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬راز‪:‬‬
‫ﺋيﺲ اﻟ َﺒﻨ� َ‬
‫ﺎﺋﲔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ )رازة(‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ُاز‪َ :‬ر ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬راز(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ �ﯿﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ر َاﺳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت �اﻟﺰ ْ َﳒ ِ‬
‫ﺒﯿﻞ ﯾَﻨ َﻔ ُﻊ ﰲ ِ�ﻼجِ ا�آﻻ ِم‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ َاﺳ ُﻦ‪ :‬ﻧ َ ْب ٌﺖ َﻃ ّﯿ ُِﺐ �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ ﻧ َ‬
‫وا ٔ� ْو�ﺎعِ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘنَﺲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ر َاﺳﻦ(‪.‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬را ِﻣﻖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ�ِ ُﺮ ﯾُ َﻨﺼ ُﺐ ﻟ ُﯿﺼﺎ َد ﺑﻪ ﻃﺎ�ِ ٌﺮ آٓﺧ َُﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔآن �ُﺸَ �ﺪ ِر ْ� ُﻞ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮا ِﻣ ُﻖ و �اﻟﺮا ِﻣ ُﺞ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﻮﻣ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬وﲣ َﺎط َﻋ ْﯿﻨﺎﻫﺎ و�ُﺸَ �ﺪ ﰲ ﺳﺎ ِﻗﻬﺎ َﺧ ْيﻂٌ َﻃﻮﯾ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎٕذا َوﻗَ َﻊ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ�ِ ُﺮ اﳉﺎ ِر ُح‬
‫اﻟﺼ �ﯿﺎ ُد ِﻣﻦ َﻣﳬَﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻠﳱﺎ ﺻﺎدَﻩ �‬
‫ﻐﲑ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان‬ ‫ﻐﲑ )رام(؛ ٔ� �ن َ‬
‫ا�ﲀف ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﱒ لﻠﺘ� ْﺼ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬را َﻣﻚ( ﺗ َْﺼ ِ‬
‫اﳌ ُ َﺮ �و ِض اﳌ ُ �ﻌﲅ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬را ِﻧﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮا ِﻧ ُﺞ‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﻮ ُز اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﺗَ ْﻤ ٌﺮ ٔأ ْﻣﻠَ ُﺲ ك َﺠ ْﻮ ِز اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)�رﱋ(‪.‬‬‫)�رﺟيﻞ( ٔأو َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ر ُاووق‪:‬‬
‫وﺻﻔ�ﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ووق‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﺼﻔﺎةُ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ )ر َاق( َ‬
‫و)ر �و َق( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َﺻﻔﺎ َ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮا ُ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ر َاوك(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬

‫‪۲۸۸‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ر ��ن‪:‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ �� ُن‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋِﺪُ ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ر�ﺑِﲔ‪.‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ��‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪) :‬وﻻ ٔأدْري‬‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ﻧ َ ْﻘ ًﻼ ﻋﻦ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ ِ ّ‬
‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء‪،‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ًذا ِﻣﻦ ُر �� ِن ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣ �ﻢ �أ ِ� َﺬ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫�ﲔ َورﺋ ُيﺴﻬﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٔ :‬أ �و ِ�؛ ٕا ِذ �اﻟﺮ �� ُن ﻫﻮ ٔأ �و ُل اﳌ َ �ﻼ َ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫َ)ر ��ن( اﳌُﺮﻛ�ﺒ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ )راﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻃﺮ ٍﯾﻖ‪ ،‬و)�ن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬ﺎ ِر ٍس؛ ﻓﻬﻮ �ﺎ ِر ُس �‬
‫ﺋيﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪ rab-malohé‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َر ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ � ْ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﳌ َ �ﻼ�ﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬رخّ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎت الﻠ � ِ ّ ُﲔ اﻟﻬ �َﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻄ َ ﻧﺮ ِْﺞ وﱔ اﻟ َﻘﻠْﻌ ُﺔ ٔأو �‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮخ�‪ِ :‬ﻗ ْﻄﻌ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِﻗ َﻄﻊ ِ ِ ّ‬
‫واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ِ :‬ر�ﺎخ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ُ :‬رخ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ر ْﺳ�ﺘﺎق‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺗﯿﻖ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ‬ ‫ﰻ َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ ٍ ﻓيﻪ َﻣﺰ ِار ُع وﻗُ ًﺮى‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ �اﻟﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺪاق‪� :‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎق و �اﻟﺮ ْﺳ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ْﺳ� ُ‬
‫ﻣي�ﺎدةَ‪:‬‬
‫ذات َﻃ ْﺮ ٍف �َ �ﺮ ْاق * ﻫ �َﻼ ْاﺷ َﱰﯾْ َﺖ ِﺣ ْنﻄ ًﺔ �‬
‫)�ﻟﺮ ْﺳ� ْ‬
‫ﺘﺎق(‬ ‫َﻘﻮل ﺧ َْﻮ ٌد ُ‬ ‫ﺗ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ُ :‬رو ْﺳ�ﺘﺎ(‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ ‪.Rostak‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ر ْﺳ� َﺘﻖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻄ ُﺮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�� ِْﻞ ٔأو ﻫﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ �ﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ �ﻒ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ْﺳ� َﺘ ُﻖ و �اﻟﺮ ْزد َُق‪� :‬‬
‫ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأ ْو ُس ُ�ﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﰥ َﺟنْ َﺒﯿ ِﻪ اﳌَ�ﺎ ِر ُم َ)ر ْزد َُق(‬ ‫ﺗَﻀَ �ﻤﳯَ ﺎ َو ْ ٌﱒ َر ٌ‬
‫�ﻮب ٔ�ﻧ � ُﻪ * إذا َ �‬
‫‪۲۸۹‬‬
 ‫وﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ��ﺎجِ‪:‬‬
‫ﺿَ ﻮا ِﺑ ًﻌﺎ نَ ْﺮﱊ ﲠِ �ﻦ �‬
‫)اﻟﺮ ْزدَﻗﺎ(‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِّﻒ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ ِﻣ َ‬
‫ﻠﲔ ﰲ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ وا ِ�ﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮق‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ر ْﺳ� َﺘﻪْ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬رﺳﺎﻃﻮن‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم ِﻣﻦ اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ واﻟ َﻌ َﺴ ِﻞ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اب ﯾَﺘ� ِ� ُﺬﻩ ٔأ ْﻫ ُﻞ �‬
‫ﺳﺎﻃﻮن‪َ :‬ﴍ ٌ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫)اﻟﺮﺷﺎﻃﻮن(‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ دَﺧي ٌﻞ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(Rosatum) :‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع‬
‫ِﻣﻦ اﳋَ ْﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ر َﺳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �ﲆ ا ٔ�ﻧ ِْﻒ ِﻣﻦ ا�� اﺑ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا ِﳌ ْﻘ َﻮدُ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ َﺳ ُﻦ‪ :‬اﳊَ ْﺒ ُﻞ‪ ،‬و ّ ِاﻟﺰﻣﺎ ُم �ا�ي ُ‬
‫ﰟ َﻣ ْﻔﻌﻮلٍ ) َﻣ ْﺮﺳﻮن(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎل َ)ر َﺳ َﻦ(‪ ،‬و) ٔأ ْر َﺳ َﻦ(‪ ،‬وا ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺎن‪ ،‬ا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ ٔأﻓْ ُ‬ ‫�أ ْر ٌ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ ) َﻣﺮ ِاﺳ ُﻦ(؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬ ‫و) ِﻣ ْﺮ َﺳﻦ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ�ﻧ ِْﻒ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻮن( َﺧ ْي ٍﻞ و ٔأﻋْﻄﺎﻟُﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻜﱶ ﻓﳱﻢ َﻫﱯ وا ْﻗﺪُ ﱊ * َ)و َﻣ ْﺮ ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫و�َ ُ ُ‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل ﺗَﻤ ُﲓ ُ�ﻦ �أ َ ِ ّﰊ ِ�ﻦ ُﻣﻘب ٍِﻞ‪:‬‬
‫)اﻟﺮ َﺳ ْﻦ(‬
‫ﺬار �‬ ‫ﺬار ال ِﻠ ّ�ﺎ ِم * ٔأﺳ�ﯿ ٌﻞ َﻃﻮﯾ ُﻞ ِ� ِ‬
‫ﺼﲑ ِ� ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺖ ﻗَ ُ‬ ‫َﻫ ِﺮ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ر َ‬
‫�ﺸﱳ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻏَ ْﺰلٍ ‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ ) ِر� ِﺴ�ﯿﺪن( �ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ َ)رﺳﺎن( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳌ ُ َﻮ ِّﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ر ْﺷﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ِ ّ -‬اﻟﺮ ْﺷ ُﻚ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ ال ِﻠ ّ ْﺤﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۹۰‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ :‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ِ)ر�ﺶ( ٔأي ِﻟ ْﺤﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و)ﮔﺎو(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺛَ ْﻮ ٍر‪ ،‬ﻓﻬيﻲ ِﻟ ْﺤﯿ ُﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِر‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ِﻞ ا ٔ� ْ َﲪﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ر ْﺷﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ِ ّ -‬اﻟﺮ ْﺷ ُﻚ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ َﺮب‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ُ :‬رﺷﻚ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬رﺻﺎص‪:‬‬
‫ﺮوف‪ِ ،‬ﻣنﻪ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮ ُد وا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ْ � :‬‬
‫)اﻟﴫﻓﺎن(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎص‪َ :‬ﻣﻌ ِﺪ ٌن َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬آرزرز( ٔآو )آٓرز�ﺰ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ر َﻣﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ َﻣ ُﻖ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘﻄﯿ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻐ ََﲌ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ر َﻣﻪ( ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ َ)ر ْﻣﻚ( �ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ر َﻣﻜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﲀت؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ‬
‫ون‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٔ :‬أ ْرﻣﺎكٌ ‪ِ ،‬رﻣﺎكٌ ‪َ ،‬ر َﻣ ٌ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ َﻣﻜ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ُس‪ٔ ،‬أﻧْﱺ ِ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱪ َذ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﻌ ��ﺎجِ‪:‬‬
‫ذ�ت اﳊَ َﻤ ْﻚ‬ ‫�ﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗَ ْﻌ ِﺪﻟﯿﲏ �‬
‫�‬‫وﻻ َﺷﻆٍ ﻓَ ْﺪ ٍم وﻻ َﻋ ْﺒ ٍﺪ ﻓَ ِ ْ‬
‫�َﺮﺑ ُِﺾ ﰲ �اﻟﺮ ْو ِث َﻛ ِ ْﱪ َذ ْو ِن �‬
‫)اﻟﺮ َﻣ ْﻚ(‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ر ْﻣﲀ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ٔأﻧْﱺ َاﻟﱪ ِ‬
‫اذ�ﻦ واﻟ َﻘﻄﯿﻊ ِ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان‪ ،‬و�ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ َ)ر َﻣﻚ( �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ)ر َﻣﻪْ( �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۹۱‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ر ْﻫﻮان‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْ ِﲑ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳌ ُ ْﻄ َﻤ ِ ِّﱧ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻬْ ِﺮ ﰲ �‬ ‫اﻟﱪ َذ ْو ُن الﻠ � ِ ّ ُﲔ �‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ْﻫﻮ ُان‪ْ ِ :‬‬
‫ﺴﺎن َﲨﯿ ًﻌﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﴪ ٌع‪ ،‬ﰲ اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان وا ٕﻻ� ْ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ر َﻫﻮ ٌان‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﻌﺎ ِّﻣي� ِﺔ ُ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ َﲱﯿ� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ �ﲔِ َذ َﻛ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٔأ �ن َ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ َذ َﻛ َﺮ �اﻟﺰ �‬ ‫ﴩ إﱃ ُ ْﲺﻤﳤِ ﺎ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻜﻮﻧ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ر ْﻫﻮار(‪ ،‬وﱔ ُﻣ �‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﴘ ٔأ �ن َ ِ‬ ‫�أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ وﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَيْ �‬
‫�ﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳌﺎﳾ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﻟ ُﺢ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ َ)روان( ِ‬ ‫َ)راﻩ( ٔأي َﻃﺮ ٍﯾﻖ‪ ،‬و)وار( وﻫﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ�ِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ٔأو �‬
‫‪َ -‬ر ْﻫ َﻮج‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻬْ ُﻞ الﻠ � ِ ّﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﴚ �‬ ‫ْﻮج و �اﻟﺮﻫ َْﻮ� ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْ ُ‬‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮﻫ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬رﻫ َْﻮﻩ( ٔأو َ)ر ْﻫﻮاز(‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ َ)رﻫ َْﻮك(؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻌ �� ُﺎج‪:‬‬
‫َﻤﯿﺢ َﻣ ْﺸ� ًﯿﺎ َ)رﻫ َْﻮ�ﺎ(‬ ‫َﻣي�ﺎ� ًﺔ ﺗ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ر ْو َزن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻘ ِﻒ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ر ِ‬
‫وازن‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ْو َز ُن و �اﻟﺮ ْو َﻧز ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ �ﻮ ُة اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻓﺬةُ‪ ،‬اﳋ َْﺮ ُق ﰲ ٔأ ْ�ﲆ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ر ْو َزن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ �ﻮة‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ر ْو َﰟ‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء‪ ،‬و َﺧ َﺸ�ﺒ ٌﺔ‬ ‫و�ﺎﰎ ِ ّ‬‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﺎﰎ �ﲆ �‬ ‫ﴌ‪َ :‬وﺿْ ُﻊ َ ِ‬ ‫ﴌ و �اﻟﺮ َ ُ‬‫ﰟ و �اﻟﺮ ْو ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ْو َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ِ ُ‬
‫واﰟ و �اﻟﺮواﺳ� ُﲓ؛‬ ‫ُﻘﻮش ٔأو ِﻛﺘﺎﺑ ٌﺔ َﻣنْﻘﻮﺷ ٌﺔ ُﲣ َ ُﱲ ﲠﺎ ﺑَﯿﺎ ِد ُر �‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ ﻧ ٌ‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ُﻛﺜ ِ ّ َُﲑ َﻋ �ﺰةَ‪:‬‬
‫ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﻔ ِﺮ اﻟ ِﺒ ِﯿﺾ �ا� َ�ﻦ ُوﺟﻮﻫُﻬﻢ * َد� ُﻧﲑ ِﺷ�ﯿ َﻔ ْﺖ ﻣﻦ ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ ٍﻞ ) َ�ﺮ ْو َ ِ‬
‫ﰟ(‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺎﺑَﻠَﻬﺎ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ُﱖ ﰲ د ِ َّﳖﺎ * �‬
‫وﺻﲆ �ﲆ د ِ َّﳖﺎ )و ْار� َ َﺴ ْﻢ(‬
‫‪۲۹۲‬‬
 ‫)ار�َﺸَ ﻢ(‪ ،‬وﻗﺎ َل ذو �اﻟﺮ �ﻣ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫و�ُ ْﺮوى ْ‬
‫)اﻟﺮوا ِﺳ� ُﲓ(‬
‫ﻼت �‬ ‫و ِد ْﻣن ٍﺔ َﻫ �ﯿ َﺠ ْﺖ َﺷ ْﻮﰶ َﻣﻌﺎ ِﻟ ُﻤﻬﺎ * ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ �ﻟﻬِﺪَ ْﻣ ِ‬
‫)اﻟﺮﴌ(‪ ،‬و َﺟ َﺰ َم ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ‪ Rashmo‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬‫�اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ر ْو َﺷﻦ‪:‬‬
‫وﺷ ُﻦ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ �ﻮة‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ر ْو َﺷ� ْﻨﺪان( ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ)ر ْو َﺷ ٍﻦ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﻀ� ﻮ ِء‪ ،‬و)دان(‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻻ ِﺣﻘ ٌﺔ ﺗُﻔيﺪُ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ ِﻮ�ﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ر ْوط‪:‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ ْو ُط‪ :‬ا�ﳯ� ْ ُﺮ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﻤ ْﻘ َﻤ ِﻖ‪:‬‬
‫َﻛﺪَ ْو ِر َﺳ ِﻔيﻨَ ٍﺔ ﰲ � َ ْﺸ ِﻖ َ)ر ْو ِط(‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬رود( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا�ﳯ� ْﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ر ّي‪:‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺮ �ي‪َ :‬ﻣﺪﯾﻨ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ٌﺔ ﻗَﺮﯾﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِﻃﻬْﺮ َان ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﲳ ِﺔ ا ٕﻻ ْ�ﺮاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒ ُﺔ إ�ﳱﺎ َ)ر ِاز �ي(‬
‫يﺎس؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ ﰲ ا ْﻣﺮ ٔأ ٍة � وﰷﻧ َْﺖ َدﯾْﻠَﻤ �ﯿ ًﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﲑ ِﻗ ٍ‬‫�ﲆ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻜﲓ �ﺎ� ٌﺔ ﰲ ﻓُﺆا ِد َ�‬ ‫إذا َﻋ َﺮﺿﻮا �أﻟْ َﻔ ْ ِﲔ ﻓﳱﺎ ﺗَ َﻌ �ﺮﺿَ ْﺖ * ٔ� ِّم َﺣ ٍ‬
‫)اﻟﺮ ِ ّي( ﻋ ْﻨﺪي َﻣﻼ� ًﺔ * َو َﺣب� ْﺒ ِﺖ ٔأﺿْ ﻌﺎﻓًﺎ ا �ٕﱄ اﳌَﻮا ِﻟ َﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ِزد ِْت ٔأ ْﻫ َﻞ �‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ‪ Ragh‬و‪ ،Rag‬و‪ ،Rak‬و �اﻟﺰ ُاي اﻟ�ﱵ ﰲ اﻟ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒ ِﺔ ﱔ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼﯿﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻐ ْ َِﲔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮ ّ ِ‬

‫‪۲۹۳‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍﻱ‬

‫‪ِ -‬زﺋْ َﺒﻖ‪:‬‬

‫�ﻟﺰ�ﺎج‪.‬‬ ‫‪ِ ّ -‬اﻟﺰﺋْ َﺒ ُﻖ و ّ ِاﻟﺰﺋْﺒ ُِﻖ‪ :‬اﳌَﻌ ِﺪ ُن ا �ﻟﺴﺎﺋِ ُﻞ اﳌ َ ْﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺮوف‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻻ ﯾ َ َﻠﺼ ُﻖ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ِ :‬ز َﯾﻮ ْﻩ(‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ ‪.Zivandak‬‬
‫‪ -‬زاج‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﺎت اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫�ﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺎت اﳋﺎرﺻﲔِ ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْز َر ُق‪ِ :‬ﻛ ْﱪ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ُاج و �اﻟﺰا ُغ‪ :‬ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ ِﻣنﻪ‪ِ :‬ﻛ ْﱪ ُ‬
‫ﯾﺘﺎت اﳊَﺪﯾ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬وزﯾْ ُﺖ �اﻟﺰاجِ‪ْ ِ :‬ﲪ ُﺾ اﻟ ِﻜ ْﱪ ِ‬
‫ﯾتيﻚ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ ْ� ُﱰ �ي‪:‬‬ ‫ْﴬ‪ِ :‬ﻛ ْﱪ ُ‬ ‫وا ٔ�ﺧ َ ُ‬
‫)�ﻟﺰاجِ(‬
‫ﺪي �‬ ‫ُوﺟﻮ ُﻩ ُﺣ �ﺴﺎ ِدك ُﻣ ْﺴ َﻮ �د ٌة * �أ ْم ُﺻ ِﺒﻐ َْﺖ ﺑ َ ْﻌ َ‬
‫ﳼ ِﻣﻦ )زاك(‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ِ :‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫‪ُ -‬ز ُﻣ �ﺮذ‪:‬‬
‫ْﴬ‪،‬‬ ‫تﻠﻮ ٌن ذو ٔأﻧْﻮاعٍ ٔأ ْﺷﻬ َُﺮﻫﺎ و ٔأﻧْ َﻔ ُﺴﻬﺎ ا ٔ�ﺧ َ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ُﻣ �ﺮ ُذ و �اﻟﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ�ﺪُ ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺮ َﻛﺮ ٌﱘ ُﻣ ِّ‬
‫و �اﻟﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ�ﺪُ ﻫﻮ ﻧ ْﻔ ُﺴﻪ �اﻟﺰ ُﻣ �ﺮ ُذ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺰ ُﻣ �ﺮ ُذ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ �اﻟﺰ ُﻣ �ﺮ ِد‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﲥُ ِﻤ ُﻞ ا ��ا َل ﻓتَ ُ‬
‫ﻘﻮ�‬
‫)اﻟﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ� ِﺪ( َ ْز� َﺮ َج‪ ،‬وﱂ ﯾ َ ُﻨ �ﺼﻮا �ﲆ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ�ٔﻧ �ﻪ‬ ‫)اﻟﺰ ُﻣ �ﺮدُ(‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﻦ �‬‫��� ِال �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻟﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ� ِﺪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﱱ�� ُﻦ �‬ ‫�َ‬
‫ﰷﻟﺮ َﺷ ِأٔ اﳌ ُ َﻘ � ِ�‬
‫ﺗَأ�وي إﱃ ِﻣ ِثﻞ اﻟ َﻐﺰ ِال ا ٔ� ْﻏ َﯿ ِﺪ * ُ ْﲬﺼﺎﻧ ًﺔ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﻗﻮت )و �اﻟﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ� ِﺪ( * ٔأ ْﺣ َﺼﳯَ ﺎ ﰲ � ِﻓﻊ ٍ ُﻣ َﻤ �ﺮ ِد‬
‫ِ‬ ‫د �ُرا ﻣ َﻊ‬
‫ﺮي‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨَ ْﻮ�َ �‬
‫ﻧ ُ ِﻈ َﻤ ْﺖ ﻗَﻼﺋِﺪُ َز ْﻫ ِﺮﻫﺎ ك َﺠﻮا ِﻫ ٍﺮ * ﻧ ََﻈ َﻤ ْﺖ ُ)ز ُﻣ �ﺮدَﻫﺎ( إﱃ ِﻋ ْﻘيﺎﳖِ ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﲔ ا ٔ��ﲑ ُة ٔأدا ُة‬ ‫)ﲰ َﺮ ْﻛﺪُ ْس(‪ ،‬و ِ ّ‬ ‫ِ� الﻠ � ْﻔ َﻈﲔِ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ وا ِ� ٍﺪ ﯾﻮ� ٍ ّﱐ ِﻣﻦ ْ َ‬
‫ا�ﲀف ا ٔ� ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫�ء و ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲔِ ز ًا� وا ِﳌ ِﲓ ً‬ ‫)ﲰ َﺮ ْﻛﺪ(؛ َﻓﺰ�َ ْﺮ َ� ٌﺪ ٕ�ﺑْ ِ‬
‫ﺪال ِ ّ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮﻓْﻊِ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ْ َ‬
‫‪۲۹٤‬‬
 ‫ا�ﲀف‪،‬‬‫ا�ﲀف و� َ ْﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ �اﻟﺮا ِء ﺗَ ْﻌﻮﯾﻀً ﺎ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲔِ ز ًا� و َﲝ ْﺬ ِف ِ‬ ‫ﺪال ِ ّ‬‫ﺟﳰًﺎ‪ُ ،‬وز ُﻣ �ﺮ ٌد ٕ�ﺑْ ِ‬
‫و ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﻟﯿﻮ� ِ ّﱐ ‪�ٔ � Smaragd‬ﻟْﲈﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و‪ٕ � Smeraldo‬ﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و‪Emerald‬‬
‫� ٕﻻ ْنﳫﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬و‪� émeraude‬ﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬زراﻓﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﲑ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ْ�ﻠَﲔِ َﻃﻮﯾ ُﻞ اﻟ َﯿﺪَ ِ�ﻦ واﻟ ُﻌ ُﻨ ِﻖ‪ ،‬ر ٔأ ُﺳﻪ �ﺮ ٔأ ِس‬ ‫ﺮوف ﻗَ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰراﻓ ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﺣ َيﻮ ٌان َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫ﻌﲑ‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْ ﻧﺮُﻪ ﻛ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن اﻟ َﺒ َﻘﺮ ِة‪�ُ ْ �ِ ،‬ﻩ ِك� ْ ِ� اﻟﻨ� ِﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و ُﻋ ُﻨ ُﻘﻪ ك ُﻌ ُﻨ ِﻖ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮس‪.‬‬
‫اﻟ َﺒ ِ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ )زورﻧﭙﻪ(‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫وﱔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ز ْر�َ ﭘَﻪْ(‪ ،‬وﱔ ﰲ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ � ْ‬
‫‪ ،Girafe‬وا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪.Giraffa‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ز َرﺟﻮن‪:‬‬
‫وﺻ ْﺒ ٌﻎ‬‫ﺟﻮن‪ :‬اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬وﴭ َُﺮ اﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ِﺐ اﳌَأٔﺧﻮ ُذ ِﻣنﻪ اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ُﺐ ﻧ ْﻔ ُﺴﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ َر ُ‬
‫ﺣيﺚ اﳌَﺼﺪَ ُر ٔأو‬ ‫ﻌﺎﱐ ر ِاﺟﻌ ٌﺔ إﱃ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ ِﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ٔأ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﺒﺪو ٔأ �ن ﺗ� اﳌ َ َ‬
‫ﷲ ِ�ﻦ ٔأﰊ ُﺣ َﺼ ْﯿﻨ َﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫را�ﲔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُﺣ َﺴ ُﲔ ُ�ﻦ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻊ َز َرﺟﻮن‪َ :‬ز ُ‬ ‫الﻠ � ْﻮ ُن‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺬاب اﻟ ِﺘّ ْ ِﱪ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ِﻏﺮ ِاﺳﻬﺎ‬
‫�ﺎء ْت ﲠﺎ * ُﺳ ِﻘ َي ْﺖ ُﻣ َ‬ ‫و ٔ�ﻧ �ﲈ َ)ز َرﺟﻮﻧ ٌﺔ( َ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫ﺑُ ِّﺪﻟﻮا ِﻣﻦ َﻣنﺎﺑ ِِﺖ اﻟ ِ ّﺸ�ﯿ ِﺢ وا ٕﻻ ْذ ِﺧ ِﺮ ﺗينًﺎ و� ِﻧ ًﻌﺎ َ)ز َرﺟﻮ�(‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ َد ْﻫ َﺒ ٍﻞ اﳉُ َﻤ ِﺤ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﻮت * ﻧ ُِّﻄ َﻘ ْﺖ �‬
‫�ﻟﺮ ْﳛ ِﺎن )و �اﻟﺰ َر ِ‬
‫ﺟﻮن(‬ ‫ﴍ َﺟ ْﺖ وﺑُ ٍ‬‫بﺎب ﻗﺪ �أ ِ‬ ‫و ِﻗ ٍ‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗَﻌ ِﺮ ُف ا�� َار �� ِّم اﳋ َْﺰ َرجِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ِﻣﳯﺎ َﻓﻈﻠْ َﺖ اﻟ َﯿ ْﻮ َم )ﰷﳌ ُ َﺰ �رجِ(‬

‫‪۲۹٥‬‬
‫و)ﮔﻮن( ٔأي‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﮔﻮن( ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ)ز ْر( ٔأي‪َ :‬ذﻫ ٍَﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ز ْر ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﺠﺮ ِة‪،‬‬
‫ﻻﺗيﲏ ِﻣﻦ ‪ Sorculus‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻓَ ْﺮخِ �‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻮ ٍن؛ ﻓﻬيﻲ ﻟَ ْﻮ ُن ا ��ﻫ َِﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ �‬
‫ﻓﻮن‪ ،‬و‪ Zorgoutho‬ﻟَ ْﻮ ِن‬ ‫ﴎ� �ﱐ ِﻣﻦ ‪ٔ Zargono‬أي‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺻ ِﻞ اﻟ َﻜ ْﺮﻣ ِﺔ اﳌ َ ْﺪ ِ‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ُ ْ‬
‫ﺮي الﻠ � ْﻮن‪.‬‬
‫اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و‪ْ َ Zorgo‬ﲬ ِ ّ‬
‫‪َ -‬ز ْر َدم‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ َ�ﻠْ َﻘﻪ ٔأو َﺧنَ َﻘﻪ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺰ ْردَﻣ ُﺔ و �اﻟﺰ ْردَﺑ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻐﻠْ َﺼﻤ ُﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ز ْر َد َﻣ ُﻪ َوز ْردَﺑﻪُ‪َ :‬ﻋ َ َ‬
‫)�ز ِدرا ُم(‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺎن‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن وﻓﳱﺎ �ُ َﺮﻛ� ُﺐ ال ِﻠ ّ ُ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ُ�ﻠْﻘﻮ ِم ا ٕﻻ� ْ ِ‬ ‫و�ﺑْ ِﺘﻼعُ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ‬
‫�ﺑْ ِﺘﻼع‪.‬‬
‫ﲢﺖ‪ ،‬و) َد ْم( ٔأي‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� َﻔﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳼ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )ز�ﺮ( ٔأي‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ِ :‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ز ْر ِﻧﯿﺦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﯿﻖ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺮ � ٔأﻟْﻮ ٌان َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة‪ِ ،‬ﻣﳯﺎ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ وا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ وا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ُﺮ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‬ ‫‪ِ ّ -‬اﻟﺰ ْرﻧﯿﺦُ و ّ ِاﻟﺰ ْر ُ‬
‫َ)زراﻧﯿﺦ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬زرﱐ‪َ ،‬زرﻧﯿﻖ‪َ ،‬زرﻧﯿﺦ(‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ ‪ ،Zarrik‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻞ‬
‫ﳼ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺻ ٍﻞ ﯾﻮ� ٍ ّﱐ ِﻣﻦ ) ٔأ ِرﺳ ِنيﻜﻮن(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ز ْر�ب‪:‬‬
‫�ب‪ :‬ا ��ﻫ َُﺐ ٔأو ﻣﺎ ُؤﻩ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ اﳌ ُ ْﻌ َ ِّﱱ‪:‬‬
‫�ب و �اﻟﺰ ْر ُ‬ ‫‪ِ ّ -‬اﻟﺰ ْر ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ُﺲ ﻏَﻀ� ٌﺔ ٔ� �ن َﺳ�ﻨﺎﻫﺎ َﺻ �ﺐ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْر ِض ِ)ز ْر��(‬ ‫ﻓ ِنﻠْﻨﺎ َﻃ ِﺮ �ي الﻠ � ْﺤ ِﻢ و �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ :‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ)ز ْر( ٔآي‪َ :‬ذﻫ ٍَﺐ‪ ،‬و)آٓب( ٔآي‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٍء‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺎ ُء‬
‫ا ��ﻫَﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۹٦‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ز ْرﻓﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ٔ ،‬أو اﳊَﻠْﻘ ُﺔ �ﺎ �ﻣ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓﻌ ٌﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﲔ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪�َ :‬ﻠْﻘ ُﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲔ و ّ ِاﻟﺰ ْر ُ‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْر ُ‬
‫ﻌﱱ‪:‬‬‫راﻓﲔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ اﳌ ُ َ ِّ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻊ ِز ْرﻓﲔ‪َ :‬ز ُ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ز ْرﻓَ َﻦ َﺷ ْﻌ َﺮﻩ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺟ َﻌ َ� ﰷﳊَﻠَ ِﻖ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺘﺎن َ� �ﺪﯾْ ِﻪ * َ)ز َرا ِﻓ ٌﲔ( ِﻣﻦ اﻟ �ﺴ� َﺒ ِﺞ‬
‫�ﲆ � ُ ْﺴ� ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫�ُﺪو ٌد ﻟَﺜْ ُﻤﻬﺎ ﯾُ ْﱪي * ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْﺳﻘﺎ ِم ﻟﻮ ٔأ ْﻣ َﻜ ْﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺪغِ ﻗﺪ َ)ز ْرﻓَ ْﻦ(‬ ‫ﳁﺎ َ ْﲡﲏ و�ﺎ ِر ُﺳﻬﺎ * ﺑ ُﻘ ْﻔ ِﻞ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ِ :‬ز ْرﻓﲔ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪�َ :‬ﻠْﻘ ِﺔ اﻟﺒﺎب‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ز ْرﻧ َﺐ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت َﻃ ّﯿ ُِﺐ �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل �‪ِ ) :‬ر ْ� ُﻞ اﳉَﺮا ِد( ﯾَﺪ ُ� ُﻞ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْد ِوﯾﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْرﻧ َُﺐ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ز ْر�ب(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ز ْرﻧ َﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺨ ُْﺺ �‬
‫اﻟﴚ َء‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْرﻧ َﻘ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳊُ ْﺴ ُﻦ اﻟﺘ�ﺎ �م‪ ،‬و ّ ِاﻟﺰ�دةُ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻌﯿﻨ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ٔأن � َْﺸ َﱰ َي �‬
‫ﺑأٔ ْﻛ َ َﱶ ِﻣﻦ ﺛَ َﻤ ِﻨﻪ ٕاﱃ �أ َ� ٍﻞ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﯾَبي َﻌﻪ ِﻣنﻪ ٔأو ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑﻩ ﺑأٔﻗَ �ﻞ ﳑ�ﺎ ْاﺷ َﱰاﻩ‪ ،‬ا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ‬
‫ِﻓﻌ ُﻞ )�َ َﺰ ْرﻧ ََﻖ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أ َ� َﺬ �اﻟﺰا َد �ﻟ ِﻌﯿﻨ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ �ْ ��� :‬ﻦ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ َز ْرﻧ ََﻖ؛ ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ �ُ َﺰ ْر ِﻧ ُﻘ َﻚ ٔأ َ� ٌﺪ �ﲆ ﻓَﻀْ ٍﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ �َﺰﯾﺪُ ﻋﻨﻚ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ :‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ)ز ْر( ٔأي‪َ :‬ذﻫ ٍَﺐ‪ ،‬و)ﻧَﻪْ( ٔأي‪ :‬ﻻ ٔأو ﻟيﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫َذﻫ ََﺐ ٔأو ﻟيﺲ َذ َﻫ ًﺒﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۹۷‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ز ْرﻧﻮق‪:‬‬
‫يﺎن �ﲆ َر ٔأ ِس اﻟﺒ ْ ِِﱤ‬‫نﺎر�ن ﺗُ ْﺒن َ ِ‬
‫ﻐﲑ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺰ ْرﻧﻮﻗﺎن‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬‫ﻧﻮق‪ :‬ا�ﳯ� ْ ُﺮ �‬
‫ﻧﻮق و �اﻟﺰ ْر ُ‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْر ُ‬
‫ﺪﱃ ِﻣﳯﺎ ا�� ﻟْ ُﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ �ﺎ ِﻧبَ ْﳱﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُتﻮﺿَ ُﻊ �ﻠﳱﲈ َﺧ َﺸ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ُﻣ ْﻌ ِﱰﺿ ٌﺔ ﺗُﻌﻠ � ُﻖ ﲠﺎ �َ َﻜﺮ ٌة ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل ِﻟ َﻤﻦ ﯾَﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰲ � ْﺳ� ِﺘﻘﺎ ِء ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺒ ْ ِِﱤ‪َ َ� :‬ﺰ ْرﻧ ََﻖ وﻫﻮ ُﻣ َ َﱱ ْر ِﻧﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﯿﻖ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ �اﻟﺰرا ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(Zarnouqo) :‬وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪َ :‬دﻟْ ًﻮا ﻻ ْﺳ� ِﺘﻘﺎ ِء اﳌﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ز ْﻋ َﺒﺞ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎب ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺰﯾْﺘﻮن‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﺒ ُﺞ و ّ ِاﻟﺰ ْﻋﺒ ُِﺞ‪� :‬‬
‫ﱂ ﯾ َ ُﻨ �ﺺ ٔأ َ� ٌﺪ �ﲆ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬زﻓْﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ُﻄﲆ ﺑﻪ ا ٕﻻ ِﺑ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺮ ُج ِﻣﳯﺎ ﺳﺎﺋِ ٌﻞ ٔأ ْﺳ َﻮ ُد ﺗ َ‬ ‫‪ِ ّ -‬اﻟﺰﻓْ ُﺖ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘ ُﲑ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ �د ٌة ﺗ ُ‬
‫ُﺬاب ﻓيُ ْﺴ� َ‬
‫ﴪ ِب إﱃ دا ِ� ِﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺎء ِﻣﻦ اﻟت � �‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﻔ ُﻦ؛ ﻓ َيﻤﻨَ ُﻊ َ‬
‫اﳉ َْﺮ� ُء‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،(Zefto) :‬أي‪ :‬ﻗﲑ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ ِﻓﻌ ُﻞ ‪ٔ Zafet‬أي‪َ :‬زﻓ � َﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫و َﻣ ْﻔﻌﻮ ٌل ‪.Zafito‬‬
‫‪َ -‬زﻻﺑِﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻟﺴ ْﻤ ِﻦ ٔأو �اﻟﺰﯾْ ِﺖ وﯾُﻌ َﻘﺪُ‬
‫َﻗيﻖ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻤ ِﺢ ﯾُ ْﻘﲆ �‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰﻻﺑِﯿ ُﺔ‪�َ :‬ﻠْﻮى َﻣ ْﺼﻨﻮ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َﲺﲔِ د ِ‬
‫وﱊ ﰲ َو ْﺻ ِﻒ ﻗﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪َ :‬زﻟَ ْﺒﯿﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ �اﻟﺮ ِّ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜ� ِﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ُ‬‫���ْ ِﺲ ٔأو �‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫�اﻟﺰﻻﺑﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﴩ واﻟﺘ� ْﺠﻮ ُﯾﻒ ﰷﻟ َﻘ َﺼ ِﺐ‬ ‫ر ٔأﯾْ ُﺘ ُﻪ َﲮ ًَﺮا ﯾ َ ْﻘﲇ َ)زﻻﺑِﯿ ًﺔ( * ﰲ ِرﻗ� ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻘ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬زﻟﯿبَيﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬و �‬

‫‪۲۹۸‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺎو ْرد‪:‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ز َ‬
‫ﺸﻮ ُة �لﻠ � ْﺤ ِﻢ‪ ،‬و�ُﺴ ِّﻤﯿﻪ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎق اﳌ َ ْﺤ �‬
‫ﻣﺎو ْردُ‪َ :‬ﻃﻌﺎ ٌم ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿ ِﺾ والﻠ � ْﺤ ِﻢ‪� ،‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ َ‬
‫ﴪ واﳌُﻬَﻨ�أٔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟُ ْﻘﻤ َﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﴈ وﻟُ ْﻘﻤ َﺔ اﳋَﻠﯿﻔ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ � ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ نَ ْﺮ ِﺟ َﺲ اﳌﺎﺋِﺪ ِة‪ ،‬واﳌُيَ � َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ :‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )�َ ْﺰم( ٔآي‪َ :‬و�ﳰ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و)آ ٓ َو ْرد( ٔآي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺤﻤﻮلٍ ٔآو َﻣنْﻘﻮلٍ ‪،‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ٔأ �ن‬ ‫ﻘﻮل ِﻣﻦ َاﻟﻮ�ﳰ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ ‪ْ ،Bazhmawurt‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ُم اﳌ َ ْﻨ ُ‬‫ﻓﻬﻮ �‬
‫ﻣﺎو ْرد(‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﻮﻟُﻬﻢ ٔأ ْﻗ َﺮ ُب ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ َﺔ ﺗ ُ‬
‫َﻘﻮ�‪ْ َ�) :‬ﺰ َ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ز ْﻣ ُ ُﱪك‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺰ ُ ُْﱪكُ و �اﻟﺰ ْﻣ ُ ُﱪكُ ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑ ُِﺾ‪ ،‬اﳌ ُ َﺤ ّ ِﺮكُ ‪� ،‬آ ْﻃ ِﻠ َﻖ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ �ﲆ آ آ ٍ� َﺣ ْﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ ر ِاﲨ ٍﺔ �َ ْﺮﱊ‬
‫‪� -‬ﻧ‬
‫ﺤﺮﻛ ِﺔ ﰲ ا �ﻟﺴﺎ� ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎح ُ ْﲨ ً� ﻋﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ اﻟﻀ� ْﻐﻂِ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟ ِﻘ ْﻄﻌ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ّ ِ‬ ‫ّ ِاﻟﺮ َ‬
‫)زْ َﺒ ِ�‪َ ،‬ز ْﻣ َب ِ�(‪.‬‬
‫َﻘﻮل َﻧ‬‫واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﺗ ُ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻮركٌ ( ُﻣﺼﻐ ُ�ﺮ )زﻧﺒﻮر(‪.‬‬ ‫)ز َ َْﱪك(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ز َ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬ﻧ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ز �ﻣ ْﺮدة‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎل ﰲ اﳋُﻠُ ِﻖ‬ ‫�ﻟﺮ ِ‬‫اﻟﺰْ َﻤ ْﺮ َذةُ‪ :‬اﳌَﺮ ٔأ ُة اﳌُﺸ�ﳢ� ُﺔ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰْ َﻤ ْﺮد ُة و � ﻧ‬
‫‪ِ ّ -‬اﻟﺰ �ﻣ ْﺮدةُ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺰ �ﻣ ْﺮدةُ‪ ،‬و � ﻧ‬
‫ﻐﻄ ِﺶ‬ ‫�ﺎل؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ اﳌ ُ ِّ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ��ﺎﻗ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَﻤﯿ ُﻞ لﻠ ِن ّﺴﺎ ِء َ‬
‫دون ّ ِاﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫واﳋَﻠْ ِﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪� :‬‬
‫اﳊَﻨَ �ﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ُﻣن ْﯿ ُﺖ ) َ ﻧ�ﺰْ َﻤ ْﺮد ٍة( ﰷﻟ َﻌﺼﺎ * ٔأﻟَ �ﺺ و ٔأ ْﺧ َب َﺚ ِﻣﻦ ُﻛ ْﻨﺪُ ِش‬
‫ُ ِﲢ �ﺐ اﻟ ِن ّﺴﺎ َء وﺗَأٔﰉ ّ ِاﻟﺮ�ﺎ َل * وﺗَ ْﻤﴚ ﻣ َﻊ ا ٔ� ْﺧ َب ِﺚ ا ٔ� ْﻃيَ ِﺶ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬زن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ْﻣﺮ ٔأ ٍة‪ ،‬و) َﻣ ْﺮد(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ر ُ�ﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۹۹‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ز �ﻣﺞ‪:‬‬
‫بﺎن‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ْﻮ َر ُس‪ ،‬ﻃﺎ�ِ ٌﺮ َ‬
‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﺼ �ﯿﺎد ِة‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ ُﺮ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻘ ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ �ﻣ ُﺞ‪�ِ :‬نْ ٌﺲ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬
‫ﯿﻮر �‬
‫ﻣﺎﻣيﺞ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻌﺒ� ُﺎس ُ�ﻦ‬ ‫ﻘﺎب ﺗَﻐ ِﻠ ُﺐ �ﻠﯿﻪ اﳊُ ْﻤﺮةُ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ َزﻣﺎ ِﻣ َﺞ َوز َ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻌ ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﺒ ْﴫ ِ ّي‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ ُﻣ َﺠ �ﻮ ِق‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْ ِﲑ ﰲ ﻏﯿﻄﺎ ِﻧ ِﻪ * ﳌ�ﺎ َ َﲡ �ﻮ َق ِﻣن ُﻪ �‬ ‫ٔأ َﺷﻬ ِْﺪ َت َﺣ ْﺮ َب �‬
‫ﺑﲔ ُﻣ َﺮ ِ�ّ ٍﺪ و ُﻣ َ ِّﱪ ِق‬‫ﺒﺎن ﰲ َر ْﻫﻂٍ ُ� * ﯾ َ ْﻨ َﺤﻂ� ْ َ‬‫)و �اﻟﺰ �ﻣ َﺞ( اﻟ َﻐﻀْ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ِ :‬ز ْﻣ ٌﺞ ِوز ُﻣنْ ٌﺞ َوز ْﻣ َ�ﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ز�� ر‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن � َُﺸ �ﺪوﻧ َﻪ �ﲆ َو َﺳ ِﻄﻬﻢ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰ ّ ُﲑ و �اﻟﺰ�� ر ُة‪ِ :‬ﺣﺰا ٌم َ‬
‫ﰷن ِّا� ِ ّﻣي� َ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ�� ُر و � ِﻧ‬
‫ات‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪َ :‬زن� َﺮ �اﻟﺮ ُ� َﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أﻟْبَ َﺴﻪ �اﻟﺰ�� َر‪ ،‬و�َ َﺰن� َﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ُز�� ر ٌ‬
‫َﺷ �ﺪ �اﻟﺰ�� َر �ﲆ َو َﺳ ِﻄﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴚ ُء‪ :‬إذا د �َق‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮ �ﰊ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺰْن ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ّ ِا�ﻗ� ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻟﻬﻢ‪َ َ� :‬ﺰن� َﺮ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪Znoro) :‬‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫ﲈت ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫ِﻓﻌ ٌﻞ ُﻣ ٌ‬
‫و‪ ،(Zounoro‬واﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ َزن� َﺮ ‪ ،znar‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ )زو�رﯾﻮن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺗ َْﺼﻐﲑٌ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‬
‫ا ِﳌ ْﻨ َﻄﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ز ْ َﳒﺒﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮوق � َ ْﴪي ﰲ ا ٔ� ْر ِض ﯾ َ َﺘ � ُ‬
‫ﻮ� ﻓﳱﺎ ُﻋ َﻘ ٌﺪ ِﺣ ّ ِﺮﯾﻔ ُﺔ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﻌ ِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺒﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻋ ٌ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْ َﳒﺒﯿ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫ﻘﻮل‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ �� ًِﺴﺎ‪ ،‬و�ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ �اﻟﺰ ْ َﳒﺒﯿ َﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺆﰻ َر ْﻃ ًﺒﺎ ﰷﻟ ُﺒ ِ‬ ‫وﻟيﺲ �ﺸَ َﺠ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪َ ْ �َ :‬ﲋﺑﯿ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ﺮب ُﻣ َﻄ ّﯿ ٌِﺐ �ﺪ�ا‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﺗَﻘ ِﻠ ُﺒﻪ ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫و �اﻟﺰ ْ َﳒﺒﯿ ُﻞ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫ٔ� �ن اﻟ َﻘ َ ﻧﺮْ ُﻔ َﻞ و �اﻟﺰ ْ َﳒﺒيـ‪َ �... * ...‬ﻞ �� ﺑﻔﳱﺎ و �أ ْر ً� َﻣﺸﻮرا‬

‫‪۳۰۰‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت ِ� �ﺪ ٍة )ﺷ�ﻨﻜبﯿﻞ‪ ،‬ﺷ�ﻨﻜﻮ�ﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷ�ﻨﻜبﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ ﺑﻠُ ٍ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‬‫�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﯾﱵ‪) :‬ﴍنﻜﻮ�ﺮ(‪ ،‬و َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ا َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷ�ﻨﻜﻮﯾﻞ(‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ َﺳنْ ِﺴﻜﺮ �‬
‫و�ﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ ‪ ،Zingiber‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ ‪ٕ � Ginger‬ﻻ ْنﳫﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْورو ِﺑ ّ �ﯿ َﺔ؛ ﻓبﺎﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ �‬
‫و‪� Gigembre‬ﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و‪ٕ � Zenzero‬ﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و‪�ٔ � ingwer‬ﻟْﲈﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ا�� ا ِر� ِﺔ َ)ز ْ َﳒﻔيﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮدﯾ � ِﺔ و � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ز ْﳒﲑ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ِﺴ ُ� اﳊَﺪﯾﺪﯾ � ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﺗَﻘ ِﻠ ُﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ْ �َ :‬ﲋ�ﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْﳒ ُﲑ‪ّ ِ :‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ز ْﳒﲑ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻧزْﺪَ ﺑﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ٕ�س‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰْﺪَ ﺑﯿ ُﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﻔي ُﻞ اﻟ َﻌﻈ ُﲓ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ ُ ْ‬
‫)ا�ﳫﺜﻮ ُم(؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُﻣﻄﯿ ُﻊ ُ�ﻦ ا ٍ‬ ‫‪� -‬ﻧ‬
‫)اﻟﺰْﺪَ ﺑﯿ ُﻞ(‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮاوﯾـ‪ُ ... * ...‬س وﻓﳱﺎ �ُﺰا ِو ُج � ﻧ‬‫َبيﺾ �‬‫ﺑﺒِﻼ ٍد ﲠﺎ ﺗ ُ‬
‫ﲶ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬و)ﺑِﯿﻞ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻓيﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)زْﺪَ ﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ْ َ :‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬ﻧ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻧزْ َﻔﻠﯿ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺰْﻔﺎﻟَ� ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻮ�ﺎء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺰْ ِﻔﻠﯿ� ُﺔ و ّ ِﻧ‬
‫اﻟﺰْ َﻔﻠﯿ� ُﺔ و ّ ِﻧ‬
‫‪� -‬ﻧ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬زن َﺑﯿ�(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ز ْو َرق‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎر ُب �‬‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ْو َر ُق‪ِ :‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ َﺔ َﻣأٔﺧﻮذ ٌة‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬زورﻗﺎ(؛ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎر ُب‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن َ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۰۱‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬زون‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﺿ ٌﻊ‬ ‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ َر �� ﯾُ ْﻌ َﺒﺪُ ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺰ ُ‬
‫ون و �اﻟﺰوﻧ ُﺔ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﰟ َﺻ َ ٍﲌ‪� ،‬‬ ‫ون و �اﻟﺰ ُور‪ :‬ا ُ‬‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰ ُ‬
‫ُﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻓيﻪ ا ٔ�ﻧ ُ‬
‫ْﺼﺎب وﺗ َُﻨﺼ ُﺐ و�ُ َﺰ�� ُﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ� ْ�ﻠَ ُﺐ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺰورﳞْ ﻢ( و ِﺟئْﻨﺎ � ٔ� َ ْ‬
‫ﰡ‬ ‫�ﺎ ُؤوا ) َ‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ��ﺎجِ‪:‬‬
‫ون( ُ ْﳚﲆ َﺻﻨَ ُﻤ ْﻪ‬ ‫َوﻫْﻨﺎﻧ ٌﺔ �‬
‫)ﰷﻟﺰ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫َد �أ َب اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮس َﻋ َﻜ َﻔ ْﺖ ) ِل �ﻠﺰ ِ‬
‫ون(‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ون(‬ ‫ﳾ ٔأ ْﻛ ُﺮ�ُ ُﻪ * َﻣ ْ َ‬
‫ﴚ اﻟﻬَﺮا ِﺑ ِﺬ َﺣ �ﺠﻮا ﺑِﯿﻌ َﺔ �‬
‫)اﻟﺰ ِ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﻤﴚ ﲠﺎ اﻟ َﺒ َﻘ ُﺮ اﳌ َ ْﻮ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬زون(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬زﱕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎب َﳛ ُﺴ ُﺐ َﺳ ْ َﲑ اﻟ َﻜﻮا ِﻛ ِﺐ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‬
‫‪ِ ّ -‬اﻟﺰ ُﱕ‪َ :‬ﺧ ْيﻂُ اﻟ َﺒﻨ�ﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻄ َﻤ ٌﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻛ ٌ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺮ ُج اﻟﺘ� ْﻘﻮ ُﱘ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ِ :‬ز َﳚﺔ‪.‬‬
‫� ُ ْﺴ� َ‬
‫اﻟﺼ �ﺒﺎغِ‪ ،‬و ِﻛ ٌ‬
‫ﺘﺎب ﺗُﻘي�ﺪُ ﻓيﻪ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ِ :‬زﯾﻚ(‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﻪ‪َ :‬ﺧ ْيﻂُ �‬
‫ٔأ ْﺣﻮ ُال اﻟﻨ�ﺠﻮم‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۰۲‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﲔ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺑﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻈﲓ ِﻣﻦ ُﻋ َﻈﲈ ِء اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮس‪.‬‬ ‫ﰟ �َ َ ٍﲅ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ُ‬
‫ﰟ َﻋ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻮر‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﺎﻫﺒﻮر(‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )ﺷﺎﻩ( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ٍ‬
‫�‪ ،‬و)ﺑﻮر( ٔأي‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ا�ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﺎج‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﻄﻰ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ َﺑﻮ َرﻗ ٍﺔ ِﻣنﻪ ﻓتَ ْﺤﻤﯿﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ َ َﻄ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺎج‪َ :‬ﴭ ٌَﺮ َﻋﻈ ٌﲓ ً‬
‫ﻃﻮﻻ و َﻋ ْﺮﺿً ﺎ‪ ،‬ﯾ َ َﺘ �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫وراﲘ ُﺘﻪ َﻃ ّﯿِﺒ ٌﺔ �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ ر ِاﲘ َﺔ َو َر ِق اﳉ َْﻮز‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯾﱵ‪.‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﺳﺎج( و ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ َﺳنْ ِﺴ ْﻜﺮ ّ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﺎ ُﺟﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﺐ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺴﺎ ُﺟ ُﻮر‪َ :‬ﺧ َﺸ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ﺗُﻌﻠ � ُﻖ ﰲ ُﻋ ُﻨ ِﻖ َ ْ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺳ ٌﻚ‪ ،‬وﯾُ َﻘﺼﺪُ ﺑﻪ‪ِ :‬ﻗﻼد ُة‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺳﮓ( ٔأي‪ْ َ :‬ﳇ ٌﺐ‪ ،‬و)ﮔﲑ( ٔأي‪ِ :‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ا�ﳫ ِﺐ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ� َﺒﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ �ﺴ� َﺒ ُﺞ‪ :‬اﳋ ََﺮ ُز ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮد‪.‬‬
‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱ ٌﯿﺢ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ﻣﺎ َذﻫ ََﺐ إﻟﯿﻪ َﺑﺼﻮ ٍاب؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﺷ� َﺒﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ� ْﺒ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ِ :‬ﺳ�ﺒﺎخ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﺒ� ُﺔ واﻟ �ﺴ� َﺒ� ُﺔ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْر ُض اﳌﺎ ِﻟ� ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﻻ �َﲀ ُد ﺗُﻨ ِب ُﺖ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮ�ﳢِ ﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺳ�ﺒﺦ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪۳۰۳‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﺳبَنْﺠﻮﻧﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴبَنْﺠﻮﻧ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻓَ ْﺮو ٌة ِﻣﻦ ِ� ْ ِ� اﻟﺜ �ﻌﺎ ِﻟ ِﺐ ﯾَﻤﯿ ُﻞ ﻟَ ْﻮﳖُ ﺎ إﱃ �اﻟﺰ ْرﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ و ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ‪) :‬آٓﺳﲈن( ٔآي‪ :‬ﺳﲈ ٍء‪ ،‬و)ﮔﻮن( ٔآي‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳبي�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﯿﺺ‪ ،‬وﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب � َﺟ ْي ٌﺐ وﻟيﺲ � ٔأ ْﻛﲈ ٌم‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟ َﺒﻘﲑةُ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴبي� ُﺔ واﻟ �ﺴ� ْﺒ� ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﯿﻮت‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‬ ‫ﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب �ُﺸَ �ﻖ وﻟيﺲ � َﺟ ْي ٌﺐ وﻻ ٔأ ْﻛﲈ ٌم‪ ،‬ﺗَﻠبَ ُﺴﻪ َر �� ُت اﻟ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫�ﲆ اﻟ ِﻜﺴﺎ ِء ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮ ِد‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ‪َ َ � :‬ﺴ� �ﺒ َﺞ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﺳ�ﺒﺎﺋِ َﺞ‪ ،‬و ِﺳ�ﺒﺎج‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﯿﺺ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮو ُة‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﺷ�ﱯ( ٔأي‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬
‫)‪ ،(shapik‬وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫ﲭ ْﻨ َ�ﻞ‪:‬‬‫‪ََ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﺠ ْﻨ َ� ُﻞ و �اﻟﺰ َﺟ ْن َ� ُﻞ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﺮآٓةُ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ﻛﺬ� �ﲆ َﺳ�ﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻚ اﻟ ِﻔﻀ� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ِء‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ا ��ﻫ َِﺐ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮ ِان؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ْﻣ ُﺮ ُؤ اﻟ َﻘيْ ِﺲ‪:‬‬
‫�ﲑ ُﻣﻔﺎﺿ ٍﺔ * �َﺮا�ِﳢُ ﺎ َﻣ ْﺼﻘﻮ ٌ� �‬
‫ﰷﻟﺴ َﺠ ْﻨ َ� ِﻞ‬ ‫ُﻣﻬَ ْﻔﻬﻔ ٌﺔ ﺑ َ ْﯿﻀﺎ ُء ْ ُ‬
‫)اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ(‪ ،(speculum) :‬وﻫﻮ َﲱﯿﻔ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِﻓﻀ� ٍﺔ ﰷﻧ َﺖ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ �‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ‬ ‫ﺗُﺼ َﻘ ُﻞ و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘﻌﲈ َل ا ِﳌ ْﺮآ ٓ ِة ﻗ ْب َﻞ ا� ِْﱰاعِ �اﻟﺰ�ﺎجِ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ والﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب � ُﺸ ِﻜّ ُﻚ ﰲ ٔأن َ‬ ‫ٔأ �ن ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻓَ ْﺮﻗًﺎ ْ َ‬
‫ﲯﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫ْﺖ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺷﺪﯾ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﲯ ٌﺖ ﻟَﺨ ٌ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﺬا َﺣ �ﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠْ ُﺐ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪُ و �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺨ ُْﺖ‪� :‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﲯ ٌﺖ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ُ :‬ﺻﻠْ ٌﺐ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻏَ ْﺰ ٌل َ ْ‬
‫ﲯ ُ‬
‫ﺘيﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ﯾ َ ْﻨ َﻔ َﻌ ِ ّﲏ َ� ِﻠ ٌﻒ ِ ْ‬

‫‪۳۰٤‬‬
‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء‪ ،‬ﻓ ُيﻄ ِﻠﻘﻮﻧ َﻪ �ﲆ دَﻗﺎﺋِ ِﻖ �اﻟﱰ ِاب‪ ،‬و�ﲆ‬ ‫ﻗيﻖ ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪُ ‪ ،‬وا�� ُ‬ ‫وا ِ ّﻟﺴ ْﺨﺘي ُﺖ ﻫﻮ �‬
‫�رِﺗﻔﺎعِ؛ ﻛ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل ُر ْؤﺑ َﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ ْ‬‫ﺒﺎر �‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻐ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻃ َﻊ ا ِ ّﻟﺴ ْﺨﺘيتﺎ‬
‫وﱔ ﺗ ُُﺜﲑ �‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺨ ُْﺖ وا ِ ّﻟﺸ ْﺨ ِﺘيﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗيﻖ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿﺾ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪� :‬‬ ‫و ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﻪ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ :‬ا�� ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲯﺖ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﲯﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ُْ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ�ْﺪُ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٌء �َﻠﯿﻆٌ ٔأ ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ َﳜ ُﺮ ُج ﻣ َﻊ َاﻟﻮ َ ِ�‪ ،‬وﰲ َ� ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ زﯾ ِﺪ ِ�ﻦ �ﺑ ٍِﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ�ْﺪُ و �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﻀﺎن ا �ٕﻻ ﻟَ ْﯿ َ� َﺳ� ْﺒ َﻊ ﻋ َْﴩ َة ﻓ ُي ْﺼﺒ ُِﺢ ٔ� �ن �‬
‫اﻟﺴ�ْﺪَ �ﲆ َو ْ ِ�ﻪ(‪،‬‬ ‫)ﰷن ﻻ ُ ْﳛﲖ ِﻣﻦ َر َﻣ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﲯﺪا‬ ‫ﻫﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫ٔ� �ن ﰲ ٔأ ْ�ﻼ ِد �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ُ :‬ﺳﻮ ْﺧتَﻪ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌُﺤ ِﺮق‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳﺪ�ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫� اﳌُﻨ ِﺬ ُر ﳌ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻮك اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬ ‫ﴫ � ِﳊﲑ ِة‪ ،‬ﺑَﻨﺎﻩ اﳌ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ﺪ�ﺮ‪ :‬ﻗَ ْ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﺪ�ﺮ‬ ‫�أ ِﻻ ْ� ِﻦ ٔأ ِّﻣﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺑَﺪا * و� اﳋ ََﻮ ْرﻧ َُﻖ و �‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﳖَ ْ ٌﺮ ﺑ َﻌ ْﯿ ِﻨﻪ ﰲ ا ِﳊﲑ ِة؛ ﻗﺎ َل �َ ِﺪ �ي ُ�ﻦ زﯾ ٍﺪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﺪ ُ�ﺮ‬ ‫ﴎﻩ ُ‬
‫�ﺎ� و َﻛ ْﱶ ُة ﻣﺎ ﯾ َ ْﻤـ‪ �ُ ِ ... * ...‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺮ ُﻣﻌ ِﺮﺿً ﺎ و �‬ ‫َ�‬
‫ٔأو ﻫﻮ ا�ﳯ� ْ ُﺮ ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺳﻪْ( ٔأي‪ :‬ﺛَﻼﺛ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)ﺳ ْﻪ ِد ��ْ( ِ‬‫َﺮي ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﲳ �ﻌﻲ ٔأ �ن‬‫بﺎب ُﻣتَﺪا ِ� ٍ� ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْ َ‬ ‫ﻼث ِﻗ ٍ‬ ‫ﴫ َ ْﳛﻮي ﺛَ َ‬ ‫ﰷن اﻟ َﻘ ْ ُ‬‫و) ِد ��( ٔأي‪ :‬ﻗُب� ٌﺔ؛ إذ َ‬
‫بﺎب ُﻣتَﺪا ِ� ٍ�‪ ،‬و �ﲰﺎﻫﺎ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ‪ِ :‬ﺳ ِﺪ �ﱃ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ‬ ‫ﻼث ِﻗ ٍ‬ ‫)ﺳ ْﻪ ِدل(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻗُب� ٍﺔ ﰲ ﺛَ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ِ :‬‬

‫‪۳۰٥‬‬
‫)ﺳ ْﻪ دَرﻩ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺪي ر ٔأى ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ا ٔ� ْﻗ َﺮ َب لﻠَ ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب‪ِ :‬‬
‫ُﻋ ّ ِﺮﺑ َ ْﺖ ﻋﳯﺎ‪� ،‬ﲆ ٔأ �ن �اﻟﺰ �‬
‫وﺻ �ﻮ َب ﻗَ ْﻮ َ�‬ ‫�‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ ،‬وﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َﻣ� ِﻠ ِﺲ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذو ﺛَﻼﺛ ِﺔ ٔأﺑْﻮ ٍاب؛ ﻓـ)در( َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮﺣﲓ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳﺬاب‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﻮ َم إذا ا ْﺳ� ُﺘﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ﻣ َﻊ‬‫�ﺎر �� ٌِﺲ ﯾُﻘﺎ ِو ُم �‬‫ﻘﻮل‪ � ،‬رﱖٌ َﻛﺮﳞ ٌﺔ‪ْ �ِ ،‬ﺰ ُرﻩ �‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫اﳉَ ْﻮ ِز واﻟ ِﺘّﲔ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺳﺪاب(‪.‬‬
‫ﴎداب‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِْ -‬‬
‫ﲢﺖ ا ٔ� ْر ِض ُﳚ َﻌ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ اﳌﺎ ُء ﯾ َ ُﱪ ُد‬
‫ﲢﺖ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪ ،‬وﺑِﻨﺎ ٌء َ‬ ‫ﲀن ﺿَ ّﯿ ٌِﻖ َ‬ ‫داب‪َ :‬ﻣ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ ِّ -‬‬
‫ادﯾﺐ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺰ ْرداب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﯿ ِﻒ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﴎ َ‬ ‫ﰲ �‬
‫)ﴎد( ٔآي‪ِ � :‬ر ٌد‪ ،‬و)آٓب( ٔآي‪ :‬ﻣﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫ﴎدار‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِْ -‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ ﰲ اﻟ َﺒﻼط‪.‬‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ اﳉَيْ ِﺶ‪ ،‬وﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ ِ ّ ّ ِ‬ ‫دار‪َ :‬ر ُ‬‫اﻟﴪ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ ِّ -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﴎ( ٔأي‪ :‬ر ٔأ ٌس‪ ،‬و)دار( ٔأي‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ٌﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ذو اﳌَﺮ َﻛ ِﺰ‬
‫اﻟﱰﻛﲈﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ِ)ﴎ( ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)دار(‬ ‫ﺋيﺲ ﰲ اﳉَيْ ِﺶ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬ� ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬إﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ ا�ﳢَ ْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ذو‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ ِ ّ ّ ِ‬
‫ﺋيﺲ اﳉَيْﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫)اﺳﻔﻬﺴﺎﻻر(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ َر ُ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﴎﻗﲔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﲔ‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺰﺑْ ُﻞ �ا�ي � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ َ َﲰﺎدًا ﻟ ٔ� ْر ِض‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ْ ّ ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ ِّ -‬‬
‫وﴎﻗَﳯَ ﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴎ َﺟ َﻦ ا ٔ� ْر َض َ ْ‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﲔِ ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮن ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ ِ ّ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ُ‬ ‫و �ْ‬
‫ٔأي‪ٔ :‬أ ْد َﻣﻠَﻬﺎ ّ ِ‬
‫�ﻟﺰﺑْﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۰٦‬‬
‫ا�ﲀف اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ُﺔ ﺗُﺒﺪَ ُل ﺟﳰًﺎ وﺗُﺒﺪَ ُل‬ ‫و)ﴎﮔﲔ(‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫)ﴎ َﮔﲔ( ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫)ﴎﻛﲔ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﳯ� ﻢ َﻛ َﴪوﻩ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ﻟ ُﯿﻮا ِﻓ َﻖ‬ ‫ﻐﺘﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻓًﺎ‪ ،‬وﲠِ ﺬا �ﺎ َء ِت الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﴪ ﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪.‬‬‫وﻗﺪ ﺿَ َﺒ َﻄﻪ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْنﻈ ٍﻮر �ﻟ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ واﻟ َﻜ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻨﺎء اﻟ َﻌﺮ ّﰊ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﺒ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ ْﻄﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﲁ‬ ‫ﻤﺴ ُﻚ ﺑ ِﻌﻼﻗ ٍﺔ �ﲆ َﺷ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻄ ُﻞ واﻟ �ﺴ� ْﯿ َﻄ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬و�ﺎ ٌء ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﻌ ِﺪ ِن �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ ا ِﳌﺮ َ� َﻞ‪ ،‬ﯾُ َ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺳﻄﺎ ٌل ُوﺳﻄﻮ ٌل؛‬ ‫ِﻧ ْﺼ ِﻒ دا�ِﺮ ٍة �ُﺮﻛ� ُﺐ ﰲ ُﻋ ْﺮ َوﺗَﲔِ ‪ ،‬ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎ ِ ّﻣي� ِﺔ‪ :‬اﳉ َْﺮد َُل‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ِّ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِﺮ �ﻣ ُﺎح‪:‬‬
‫ُ�ب َِﺴ ْﺖ ُﺻﻬﺎرﺗُﻪ َﻓﻈ �ﻞ ﻋُﺜﺎﻧ ُ ُﻪ * ﰲ َﺳ� ْﯿ َﻄ ٍﻞ ُﻛ ِﻔئَ ْﺖ ُ� ﯾ َ َﱰ �د ُد‬
‫ﻈﻮر ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱ ٌﯿﺢ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ﻣﺎ َذﻫ ََﺐ إﻟﯿﻪ َﺑﺼﻮ ٍاب؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‬ ‫َذ َﻛﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪.(situla) :‬‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﺷ�ﺘﻞ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ ْﻔتَ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎب ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ِﻛ ُ‬ ‫كﴬاﺋِ َﺐ ﻟ َﺘأٔﻣﲔِ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻔتَ� ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٌل ﯾُ ْﻌﻄﻰ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻔتَ� ُﺔ و �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑﺬ� ﯾ َ َﺘﺠﻨ� ُﺐ ﺗَ َﻌ �ﺮﺿَ ﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﺎل َﻟﻮ ِ�ﯿ� ﯾَﺪﻓَ ُﻊ ﻗَ ْﺮﺿً ﺎ ﯾَأٔ َﻣ ُﻦ ﺑﻪ ِﻣﻦ ﺧ ََﻄ ِﺮ �‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎ ِﺗﺞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪� :‬‬ ‫لﻠﴪﻗ ِﺔ ﰲ �‬ ‫�‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﺳ ْﻔتَﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺳ ْﻔﺴﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺎر‪ :‬ا ِﳉﻬْﺒِﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻔ ُ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺳ ْﻔﺴﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮي‪ ،‬واﳊﺎ ِذ ُق ﰲ ِﺻﻨﺎﻋ ِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬و ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺴﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴﲑ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ �‬
‫اﻟﻈﺮ ُﯾﻒ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ َﻘ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻔ ُ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫واﳊ ُْﺰﻣ ُﺔ �اﻟﺮ ْﻃﺒ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﻌﻠَ ُﻒ ﻟ ٕﻼﺑ ِِﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎﴎ ٍة َوﺳﻔﺎﺳﲑ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۰۷‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ (safsiro) :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺳپﺴﺎر(‪ ،‬وﻟَ �ﻌ� ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫�ا�ي � ُﺴﺎ ِو ُم وﯾُﲈ ِﻛﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺳ ُﻘ ْﺮﻗَﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﲑ و �ا�رة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫اب ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﻘ ْﺮﻗَ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ﴍ ٌ‬‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﳊَبَﺸ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ُ :‬ﺳ ُﻜ ْﺮ َﻛﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺳ ِﻘنْﻄﺎر‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﻘنْ ُ‬
‫ﻄﺎر‪ :‬ا ِﳉﻬْﺒِﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫ِﲒْﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬‫اﰟ َوﻇﯿﻔ ٍﺔ ﰲ ا�� ْو ِ� اﻟﺒ َﻧ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،(secretaries) :‬وﻫﻮ ْ ُ‬
‫ﲀ�ار(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ� ِﻞ ذي اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻜ ِﺮ‬ ‫)ﺳ ْ‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ﻠﻮب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ِ ّﳞﲈ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ﻫﻮ َﻣ ْﻘ ٌ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫و �ا�ﰷ ِء‪ ،‬وا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻄﺎر‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ِﳉﻬْﺒِﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺳ ْﻜبﺎج‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮ الﻠ � ْﺤ ُﻢ �ا�ي ﯾُﻄ َﺒﺦُ َﲞ ٍ ّﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﳌ َ َﺮ ُق �ا�ي ﯾُﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ْﺤ ِﻢ و �اﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮ ِان واﳋَ ِ ّﻞ‬
‫واﻟﻔﺎ ِﻛﻬ ِﺔ اﳌُﺠﻔ�ﻔ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وﺳ ْﻜ َب َﺞ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ‪ :‬إذا ٔأ�َ �ﺪ ِﺳ ْﻜبﺎ ً�ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺳﻜبﺎ( اﳌُﺮﻛ�ﺒ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ )ﴎﰷ( و)�( وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬اﳌ َ َﺮق‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ :‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺳﻜ�ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜ� ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﺮوف ﺑ َﻘ َﺼ ِﺐ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜ� ُﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �د ٌة ُ�ﻠْﻮ ٌة ﺗُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘ َﺼ ِﺐ اﳌ َ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ اﳊَﻼو ِة‪ ،‬و�ﲆ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ِﺐ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ِﺾ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ّﯿ ِِﺐ �‬ ‫ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮ َﻃ ِﺐ �‬
‫اﳊَﻼو ِة‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺟ َﻮ ِد ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ اﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ِﺐ‪ ،‬و�ﺎ َء اﳊَﺪﯾ ُﺚ ﰲ ِﺻﻔ ِﺔ اﳊ َْﻮ ِض‪) :‬ﻣﺎ ُؤﻩ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜ�ﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْ�ﲆ ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﺷ َﻜﺮ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۰۸‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﺳﻼ ْ�ﺪار‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼح‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼ�ﺪار‪� :‬ﺎ ِﻣ ُﻞ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫)ﺳﻼح( و َ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ :‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼح‪.‬‬‫)دار( ٔأي‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ٍﺐ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ ِ ّ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺳ �ﻼق‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻌﻮدُ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻋﯿ ٍﺪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻋْﯿﺎ ِد اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﯿ ْﻮ ُم �ا�ي‬ ‫اﻟﺴ �ﻼ ُق‪ :‬ﻫﻮ �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈ ِء ِﻣﻦ ﻃﻮرزﯾﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫�َﺴﻠ � َﻖ اﳌَﺴ ُ�ﯿﺢ ﺻﺎ ِ�ﺪً ا إﱃ �‬
‫اﻟﺼﻌﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ (souloqo) :‬أي‪� :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ َ -‬ﲰ �ﺮج‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ �ﺮ� ُﺔ‪ :‬ﯾ َ ْﻮ ُم ِﺟبﺎﯾ ِﺔ اﳋَﺮاجِ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﲰ ِﺮ ْج �‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ �ﺮ ُج و �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﱒ‪ُ ،‬ﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﲈر َج؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ٔأﻋ ِْﻄﻪ ا�� ر ِ َ‬
‫ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم َﺧﺮاجٍ ُﳜ ِﺮ ُج �‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ �ﺮ�ﺎ‬
‫ﻼث‪ ،‬و) َﻣ �ﺮك( ﻓﻬﻮ ﺛَﻼ ُث َﻣ �ﺮ ٍات‪ ،‬إذ َ‬
‫ﰷن‬ ‫)ﺳﻪ( ٔأي‪ :‬ﺛَ ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ﺟﻮن ﻓيﻪ اﳋَﺮ َاج ﰲ ﺛَ ِ‬
‫ﻼث َﻣ �ﺮات‪.‬‬ ‫دون ﯾ َ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ � َ ْﺴ�ﺘﺨ ِﺮ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُس ُﳛ ِّﺪ َ‬
‫‪َ َ -‬ﲰ ْﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ْﻨﺪُ ‪ :‬ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮس‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫�ﺎص �ﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ِس‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲰﻨﺪ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ � ُ‬
‫ُﺸﲑ إﱃ ﻟَ ْﻮ ٍن ّ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻔﺮة‪.‬‬
‫ﯾَﻤﯿ ُﻞ إﱃ �‬

‫‪۳۰۹‬‬
 ‫‪َ َ -‬ﲰ ْﻨﺪَ ر‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ْﻨﺪَ ُل‪ :‬داﺑ � ٌﺔ َﲝ ْﺠ ِﻢ اﻟﻔأٔر ِة‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ُ� :‬ﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ْﯿﺪَ ُر و �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ْﻨﺪَ ُر و �‬
‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﺘ� �ﻟﻨ� ِﺎر وﻻ َﲢ َ ِﱰ ُق ﲠﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﯿﳯُ ﺎ َ ْﲪﺮا ُء‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺼﲔِ واﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪ْ َ � ،‬ﺴ� ِ �‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺸ� ِﳤﺮ ٌة ﰲ ّ ِ‬
‫َذﻧ ٍَﺐ َﻃﻮﯾﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)ﲰ ْﻨﺪَ ر( اﳌُﺮﻛ�ﺒ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﺳﺎم( ٔأي‪�ٌ :‬ر‪ ،‬و) ٔأﻧﺪرون(‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ َ :‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ٔأي‪ :‬دا ِ�ﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﺳﻚ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪َ :‬ﺳنْبﻮﺳﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﺳن ْ ُب َ‬
‫ﲁ اﳌُﺜَﻠ � ِﺚ‪ ،‬ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ�ﲔِ �ا�ي‬ ‫بﻮﺳ ُﻖ‪ :‬ﻓَﻄﺎ�ِ ُﺮ ﺗَﺘ� ِ� ُﺬ َﺷ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴنْ َ‬‫بﻮﺳ ُﻚ و �‬ ‫اﻟﺴنْ َ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫�ﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬ ‫وﲢﴙ ﻟَ ْﺤ ًﻤﺎ ٔأو ُﺟ ْبﻨًﺎ ٔأو ْ َ‬ ‫�ﻟﺴ ْﻤ ِﻦ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﯾُﻌ َﺠ ُﻦ �‬
‫بﻮﺳﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﺳن ْ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ� ْﻨ َﺠﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ �ﺴ� ْﻨ َﺠ ُﻖ‪ :‬ال ِﻠ ّﻮا ُء ٔأو اﳌُﺪ�ﺮﯾ � ُﺔ ﰲ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ ُﺒ ْ� ِان اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(sancak) :‬وﻫﻮ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻌ َ ِﲅ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻘﺴ ِ�ﲓ اﻻ ِ ّ‬
‫ٕداري ُ ْﻟﱰ ِﻛﯿﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٍء ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻮﻻﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ� ْﻨﺪان‪:‬‬
‫ُﴬ ُب � ِﳌ ْﻄ َﺮﻗ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬ� ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ‬ ‫�اد�ﻦ ﺗُﻮﺿَ ُﻊ �ﻠﯿﻪ ا ٔ� ْﺷ�ﯿﺎ ُء اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗ َ‬
‫ﻻت اﳊَﺪ َ‬ ‫‪ِ -‬ﻣﻦ آ آ ِ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل ﰲ اﳌَﺜ َِﻞ‪َ ْ :‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ ا ِﳌ ْﻄ َﺮﻗ ِﺔ واﻟ �ﺴ� ْﻨﺪان‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎل‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ ِﻣﻦ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫�ﲆ اﻟ َﻘ ِﻮ ِ ّي �‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﴐ ٌب‪ ،‬و)دان( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬زن( ٔأي‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ�ﻨَ �ﻮر‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪َ :‬ﺳ�ﻨﺎ ُﻧﲑ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ﻟَﺒﯿ ٌﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎس اﳊ َْﺮ ِب ﯾُﻠبَ ُﺲ ﻛ ِﺪ ْرعٍ َ ْ‬‫‪ -‬اﻟ �ﺴ�ﻨَ �ﻮ ُر‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ِﻟ ِ‬
‫ُﴬ ﰲ �َﺴ�ﯿ ِﺞ اﻟ �ﺴ�ﻨَ �ﻮ ِر‬‫و�ﺎؤوا ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻫ َْﻮ َدجٍ َوورا َء ُﻩ * َﻛﺘﺎﺋِ ُﺐ ﺧ ْ ٌ‬
‫‪۳۱۰‬‬
 ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﺳ� ْ‬
‫ﻨﻮر�(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻐ َﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳﻬَﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن لﻠ َﻘ َﻤ ِﺮ إذا ُﻛ ِﺴ َﻒ‪َ :‬د َ� َﻞ‬
‫ﻼف اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﻮر‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ُﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ِ� ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻬ َُﺮ و �‬
‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻠْ ِﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻫﻮرﻩ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأ َﻣي� ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ ٔأﰊ �‬‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ُﺮ ﰲ‬
‫وﺳﺎﻫﻮر � َُﺴ �ﻞ وﯾُﻐ َﻤﺪُ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻻ َﻋ ْﯿ َﺐ ﻓي ِﻪ ْ َ‬
‫�ﲑ ٔأ �ن َﺟبﯿﻨَ ُﻪ * ﻗَ َﻤ ٌﺮ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﺳﻬَﺮا( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ َﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺳﻬْﺮ�ﺰ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮادي‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْو�َﲃ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬْﺮ ُ�ﺰ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ٔأ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ� ْﻤ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪� :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻬْﺮ ُ�ﺰ و ِ ّ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬْﺮ�ﺰ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺴﻬْﺮ�ﺰ و �‬ ‫�ﻟﻀ� ّ ِﻢ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪� :‬‬
‫ﺴﺎن‪)ُ :‬ﺷﻬْﺮ ٌ�ﺰ( ٔأو )ﺳﻬﺮ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﺎء ﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﴎخ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن "ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ َﺮ" ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫)ﲯﺮر�ﺰ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﻟ ِﻘ ْﻄﻌ ُﺔ اﳊَ ْﻤﺮا ُء‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻬْﺮ َ�ﺰ ﻣأ�ﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﲯﺮ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن ِ ّ‬ ‫و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ إ�ﺪى �اﻟﺮ َاء�ﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َ� َﺬﻓﻮا ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺳﻮذا ِﻧﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة �َ ْﺮﺑﻮ �ﲆ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﴩ َ�ﻦ؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎﻫﲔ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻘ ُﺮ‪� ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮ َذا ِﻧ ُﻖ‪� :‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻮذا ِﻧ ُﻖ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ﻧﻮق‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻮ َذ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻮ َذ ُق‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻖ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻮ َذ ُ‬‫ﻧﯿﻖ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮ َذ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮ َذ ُق‪� ،‬‬ ‫�‬
‫ﻟَﺒﯿ ٌﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ‬ ‫�ﲑ َو ِ ْ‬‫و ٔ� ِ ّﱐ ُﻣ ِﻠﺠ ٌﻢ ُﺳﻮذا ِﻧ ًﻘﺎ * ٔأ ْ�ﺪَ ﻟ �ﯿﺎ َﻛ �ﺮ ُﻩ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪) :‬ﺳﺎداﻧ َﻚ(؛ وﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ِﻧ ْﺼ َﻒ ِد ْر َ ٍﱒ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ﺘﻮر‬‫إﺷﺎر ًة إﱃ ﻗﳰ ِﺘﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٕ :‬اﻧ �ﻪ ِﻧ ْﺼ ُﻒ اﻟﺒﺎزي‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﺘ�ﺎجِ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪) :‬ﺳﻮد�ﻩ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬

‫‪۳۱۱‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺳﻮداﻧﯿﻚ(‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﻌ ّ ِﺮ َب‪) :‬ﺳﻮذاﻧﯿﻖ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ُﻣتَ ّ ِﻔﺮ� ٌﺔ ِﻣنﻪ‪.‬‬‫ﰻ ﺗ� الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ ْﻮ َﺳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﺳني� ِﺔ‪ � ،‬ر ِاﲘ ٌﺔ َﻃ ّﯿِﺒ ٌﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣنﻪ َ ِّ‬
‫اﻟﱪ �ي‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َ‬ ‫ﻮﺳ ُﻦ‪َ :‬زﻫ ٌْﺮ ِﻣﻦ ﻓَﺼﯿ ٍ� �ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َ‬‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﱐ‪ٔ ،‬أﻧْﻮا�ُﻪ َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﻃ َﯿﳢُ ﺎ و ٔأ ْﺣ َﺴ�ﳯُ ﺎ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪ ،‬اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة ِﻣنﻪ‪َ :‬ﺳ ْﻮﺳ�ﻨ ٌﺔ؛‬ ‫واﻟبُ ْﺴ� �‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ا ��ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫ﰷن ِﻫ َﲒ ْﻣ ٌﻦ ُور ْﺣ ُﺖ ُﻣﺨ �َﺸﲈ‬
‫وآ ٓ ٌس و ِ� ِﲑ �ي و َﻣ ْﺮ ٌو َوﺳ ْﻮ َﺳ ٌﻦ * إذا َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺳيﺐ‪:‬‬
‫يﺐ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ�ﻔ� ُﺎح‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُ‬‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺳيﺐ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺳ�ﯿﺦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﻜّ ُﲔ اﻟ َﻜبﲑةُ‪ ،‬و ُﻋﻮ ٌد َرﻓي ٌﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﺪﯾ ِﺪ ﯾُﻮﺿَ ُﻊ ﻓيﻪ الﻠ � ْﺤ ُﻢ ﻟيُ ْﺸﻮى‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿﺦُ ‪ّ ِ :‬‬
‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺳ�ﯿﺦ( ٔأي‪ :‬اﳊ َْﺮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۱۲‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﲔ‬

‫ﺷﺎذ�ﻮﻧﺔ‪:‬‬‫‪َ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﺎذ�ﻮﻧ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻔﺮ ُاش‪ ،‬و ِﺛ ٌ‬
‫ﯿﺎب �َﻠﯿﻈ ٌﺔ ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ﰲ اﻟ َﯿ َﻤﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﺎدﮔﻮﻧﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎروف‪:‬‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫ﺎروف‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻜنَﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺎروب( اﳌُﺮﻛ�ﺒ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ‪�) :‬ﺎ( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ َ� ٍ ّﻞ‪ ،‬و)روب( اﻟ�ﱵ‬
‫َﻣﺼﺪَ ُرﻫﺎ‪) :‬روﺑﯿﺪن( ٔأي‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜنْﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺎﻫْﺪا ِﻧﺞ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬْﺪا ِﻧ ُﺞ‪َ :‬ﺣ �ﺐ اﻟ ِﻘن�ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫْﺪا ِﻧ ُﺞ و �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫�‪ ،‬و)داﻧﻪ( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﺣب�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﺎﻩ( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ٌ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺎﻫ َْﺴ َ َﱪم‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻔﺮ ِة؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬
‫ْﴬ ﻣﺎﺋِ ٌﻞ إﱃ �‬ ‫ﻄﺎﱐ ٔأو اﳌَﻠَ �‬
‫ﲄ‪ ،‬ﻟَ ْﻮ ُن َو َر ِﻗﻪ ٔأﺧ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠْ �‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ْﳛ ُﺎن �‬
‫ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﲰ ُﲔ ونَ ْﺮ ِﺟ ٌﺲ * ﯾُ َﺼ ِ ّﺒ ُﺤﻨﺎ ِﰲ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﰻ َد ْﺟ ٍﻦ ﺗَ َﻐ �ﯿ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫وﺷﺎﻫ َْﺴ َﻔ َﺮ ْم و َ‬
‫�‪ ،‬و)اﺳپﺮﰬ(‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﺎﻫﺴپﺮﰬ( ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ‪) :‬ﺷﺎﻩ( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ٍ‬
‫ٔأي‪َ :‬ر ْﳛﺎن‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺎﻫﲔ‪:‬‬
‫وﺻ ْﺪ ُرﻩ ٔأﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪،‬‬
‫ﻘﻮر‪ ،‬ر ُ�ﺸﻪ ٔأ ْﺳ َﻮ ُد َ‬ ‫�ﺎر ٌح ِﻣﻦ ﻓَﺼﯿ ِ� �‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﲔ‪ :‬ﻃﺎ�ِ ٌﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﯿﺎﻫﲔ َوﺷﻮاﻫﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫و ٔأ ْﻃﻠَﻘﻮﻩ �ﲆ َﲻﻮ ِد اﳌﲒ ِان ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪َ :‬ﺷ� ُ‬
‫‪۳۱۳‬‬
‫�‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﺎﻫﲔ(‪ ،‬وﱔ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﺷﺎﻩ( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ�ِ ِﺮ و�ﲆ َﲻﻮ ِد اﳌﲒان‪.‬‬ ‫ﯿﻮر‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻫﺬا �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬‫� �‬ ‫و)�ﻦ( لﻠ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒ ِﺔ‪�ٔ ،‬ﻧ �ﻪ َﻣ ِ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺎ ِﻫنْﺸَ ﺎﻩ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬
‫ﺮب ﻛﲈ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻮك‪َ� ،‬ﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬‫� اﳌ ُ ِ‬‫ﳼ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ َﻣ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ِ‬
‫ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎر ُﻣ ْﻠ ُﻜﻪ * ُ� ﻣﺎ ا ْﺷ�ﳤَ يﻰ ر ٌاح ﻋ ٌ‬
‫َﺘﯿﻖ َوزﻧْ َﺒ ُﻖ‬ ‫و ِﻛ ْﴪى َﺷ َﻬنْﺸﺎ ُﻩ �ا�ي َ‬
‫)ﺷﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﺎ ْﻩ(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﺎﻫنﺸﺎﻩ‪ ،‬وﺷﻬنﺸﺎﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺎو�ﺶ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎو ُ�ﺶ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﺮ ُﯾﻒ‪ُ ،‬رﺗْﺒ ٌﺔ ﻋ َْﺴ َﻜﺮﯾ � ٌﺔ ﰲ اﳉَيْ ِﺶ ا ِﳌ ْﴫ ّي‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(cavus) :‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺎي‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾ � ِﺔ‪:‬‬‫لﻠﴩ ِب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ �‬ ‫ﺮوف �ا�ي ُﳚﻔ� ُﻒ وﯾُﻐْﲆ � ْ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﴩ ُ‬
‫وب اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺸ� �ﱯ اﳌ َ ْﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺮﰊ‪� :‬ي‪.‬‬‫ﺷﺎﱔ‪ِ � ،‬ﺰ�د ِة اﻟﻬﺎ ِء‪ ،‬وﰲ َ�ﻠَ َﺐ‪� :‬ﺎي‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳌَﻐ ِﺮ ِب اﻟ َﻌ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺎي(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ ا ّ ِﻟﺼﯿني�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺷ ِب ّﺚ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِب ّﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﺎر َر ْﻃ ٌﺐ � ُﺴ ِﻜّ ُﻦ ا ٔ� ْو�ﺎعَ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ّ ِ :‬‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِب �ﺚ‪ :‬ﻧ َ ْب ٌﺖ �‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ِ :‬ﺷ ْب ْﺖ‪ِ ،‬وﺷ ِب ْﺖ وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)ِ :‬ﺷ ِﻮد( وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺷ� ْﺒﺬارة‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِ ّﺸ� ْﺒﺬارةُ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن َﺷﺪﯾﺪَ اﻟﻐ َْﲑة‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۱٤‬‬
 ‫ﴎ� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و)دار( ٔأي‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﭗ( ٔأي‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺷ� ْﺒ َﻜﺮة‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ ﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ ﻟَ ْﯿ ًﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎﺳ ِﺔ اﻟ َﺒ َ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﺒ َﻜﺮةُ‪ :‬ﺗَﻮﻗ� ُﻒ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﺐ( ٔأي‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﯿ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬و)�ﻮر( ٔأي‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﲻﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺷ� �ﺒﻮط‪:‬‬
‫َﻗيﻖ ا ��ﻧ َِﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮ ُﯾﺾ َاﻟﻮ َﺳﻂِ‪ ،‬ﻟَ ِ ّ ُﲔ اﳌَﻠ َﻤ ِﺲ‪َ ،‬ﺻ ُ‬
‫ﻐﲑ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ِﻚ‪ ،‬د ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ �ﺸ� �ﺒ ُﻮط‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫�اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِس‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬اﻟ �ﺸ�ﺒﺎﺑﯿﻂ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(shibouto) ،(shabouto) :‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺷ� ْﺘﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﻐ َْﺮﺳ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ اﳌ َ ْﺸ� َﺘ ُﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ُﺖ اﳌ َ َﻐﺮس‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ (shtal) :‬أي‪ :‬ﻏَ ْﺮ ٌس‪ ،‬و)‪ٔ (shetlo‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫�ﱪ � ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ ْ َ‬
‫ا ِﳌﻐ َْﺮﺳ ُﺔ وا ِﳌ ْﺸ� َﺘ ُ� )‪ٔ (beth shetlotho‬أي‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ُﺖ ا ٔ� ْﻏﺮاس‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺷ ّﺺ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ُﻚ ُﻣﺪَ �ﻻ ٌة ِﻣﻦ َﻃ َﺮ ِف اﳋَ ْﯿﻂ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ �ﺺ‪�َ :‬ﺪﯾﺪ ٌة َﻋ ْﻘﻔﺎ ُء ﯾُﺼﺎ ُد ﲠﺎ �‬ ‫اﻟﺸ �ﺺ و �‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﺷ ْﺴ ْﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪� َ -‬ﴰﺎس‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ �ﻤ ُﺎس‪ُ :‬رﺗْﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮﺗ َِﺐ اﻟ َﻜن َ ِﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ َ‬
‫دون اﻟ ِﻘ ِ ّﺴ ِيﺲ‪ْ َ ،‬ﲨ ُﻌﻪ‪َ :‬ﺷﲈ ِﻣﺴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(shamosho) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ َ -‬ﴰ� َْﱰ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﻤ� َ ُْﱰ‪ :‬الﻠ�ﺌ ُﲓ‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ْﻨﺤﻮس‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬‬

‫‪۳۱٥‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺆ ُم‪ ،‬و)آٓ�ﱰ( ٔآي‪َ :‬ﻛﻮ َﻛ ٌﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓ�ٔﻧ �ﻪ ذو ﻃﺎ ِﻟﻊ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﻮم( ٔآي‪� :‬‬
‫َﻣ ْﺸﺆوم‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺷ�ﻨَﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ و�ُﺮ َﻛ ُﺐ �ﻠﯿﻪ ﰲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ْﻣ ُﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِ ّﺸ�ﻨَ ُﺎن‪ :‬ﺧَﺸَ ٌﺐ �ُﺸَ �ﺪ ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻪ إﱃ ٍ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْرﻣﺎث‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﱂ َﳚ ِْﺪﻩ ﰲ ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺐ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﳼ‪� ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ِ‬
‫ﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ � ُﺴتَب َﻌﺪُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ور ٔأى ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷ�ﻨﺎ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ﻫﻮ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ًذا ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ٔأن َ‬
‫اﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﺒﺎ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﺷ ْﻮر�ج �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪ُ :‬ﺷ ْﻮرﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن �ُﻼﺻ َﺔ ﻟَ ْﺤ ٍﻢ ٔأو �َﺪَ ٍس ٔأو ﺧُﻀﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫�ج‪َ :‬ﺣﺴﺎ ٌء ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻮر ُ‬‫‪� -‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪)ُ :‬ﺷ ْﻮر�(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺷﻮﻧﺔ‪:‬‬
‫لﻠﺠﻬﺎ ِد ﰲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺨﺰ ُن اﻟﻐ � َِ�‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺸﻮﻧ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳌَﺮ َﻛ ُﺐ اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻮﻧ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ ٔأ ُة اﳊَ ْﻤﻘﺎ ُء‪ ،‬و َﻣ َ‬
‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻮاﱐ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ الﻠ�ﻐ ُﺔ ِﻣ ْﴫﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُوﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪� :‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺷﲑ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُﲑ ) ُﻣﲈ ً�(‪ :‬ا ٔ� َﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷﲑ( ٔأي‪ :‬ا �� َﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺷيﺸَ ﺔ �ﺎ ِّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﲊﺟي ِ�‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ُز�ﺎ� ِﺔ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺷيﺸﻪ( ٔأي‪� :‬اﻟﺰ�ﺎج‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪۳۱٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎﺩ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺻﺎﺑﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﻈﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ َﻘﻠَ �ﻮ� ِت‪ْ ُ � ،‬ﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺘ� ْﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﲈض ُد ْﻫﻨ �ﯿ ٍﺔ و ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻮن‪ُ :‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺣ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫واﻟﻐ َْﺴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻘ ْﻄﻌ ُﺔ ِﻣنﻪ‪) :‬ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻧﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي ﻗَ ْﻮ َل َﺷ� ْﯿ ِ�ﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮوس َذ َﻛ َﺮ �اﻟﺰ �‬ ‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ َﻌ �ﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﰲ �جِ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ وا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ور ٔأى‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَﻮاﻓَ َﻘ ْﺖ �ﻠﳱﺎ َﲨﯿ ُﻊ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ُﺴ ِﻦ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ِ‬
‫وﻓﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ و�ُ ْﺮ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٕاﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﴫ ُف ا ٔ� ْوﺳﺎخَ ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫ﴏ َف؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﯾ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻮﱊ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ َﺻ َ َﱭ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔي� �‬
‫ﻐﺎت‬‫ﴘ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﰲ َﲨﯿﻊ ِ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪َ ،(sapo-onis) :‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَ ْي �‬
‫ﰟ‪ sapone :‬ﰲ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)‪� (savon‬ﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)‪� (saop‬ﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲠِ ﺬا � ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺻﺎروج‪:‬‬
‫ﺎروج‪َ� :‬ﻠﯿﻂٌ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم ﰲ ِﻃﻼ ِء اﳉ ُْﺪر ِان وا ٔ� ْﺣﻮ ِاض‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫�ﻟﺼﺎروج‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺎء‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻃﻼﻩ �‬ ‫وﴍ َق اﻟ ِﺒ َ‬ ‫ﴏ َج َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪َ َ :‬‬‫ﺎروق‪ ،‬ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُ‬ ‫�‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� :‬ﺎرو‪ ،‬وﺳﺎرو ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎروك‪ٔ ،‬أﺑْﺪَ ﻟﻮا اﳉ َﲓ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ َﺔ ﺻﺎدًا‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫اﻟﺼﻬْﺮ ِﱕ ‪-‬وﻫﻮ َﺣ ْﻮ ٌض َ ْﳚ ِﳣ ُﻊ ﻓيﻪ اﳌﺎ ُء و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِ‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َﲨﻌﻮا ﺻﺎروجٍ‬ ‫�ﺎء ْت ِﻣﻦ اﳉَ ْﻤﻊِ؛ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن َ‬
‫اﻟﻬﺎء ٕاﻧ �ﲈ َ‬ ‫َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣنﻪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫)اﻟﺼﻬْﺮ ِﱕ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎء‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ٔأ�َﺬوا ِﻣنﻪ ﺻﯿﻐ ًﺔ َ�ﺪﯾﺪ ًة لﻠ ُﻤ َﻔﺮ ِد ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺪال ا ٔ� ِﻟ ِﻒ ً‬ ‫�ﲆ َﺻﻬﺎر َﱕ ٕ�ﺑْ ِ‬
‫�ﻟﺼﺎروج‪.‬‬ ‫َﺣ ْﻮ ٌض َ ْﳚ ِﳣ ُﻊ ﻓيﻪ اﳌﺎ ُء؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ َﻣ ْﻄ ِ �ﲇ �‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺻﳢَ ْ َﺒﺬ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎن(‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫� َ)ﻃ َ ِﱪ ْﺳ� َ‬ ‫�ﲁ َﻣﻦ َﻣ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﳢَ ْ ُﺒﺬ وا ٕﻻ ْﺻﳢَ ْ ُﺒﺬ‪ :‬ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ ِّ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﳢَ ْ َﺒ َﺬ ِﻣﳯ ُﻢ * و ِﻛ ْﴪى وآ آ َل اﻟﻬ ِْﺮ ِﻣﺰ ِان وﻗَ ْي َﴫا‬ ‫إذا اﻓْتَﺨَﺮوا �َ �ﺪوا �‬
‫‪۳۱۷‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٕ ) :‬اﺳ�ﳢ َﺒﺪ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﺳ�ﭙﺎﻫﺒﺪ( ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )ﺳ�ﭙﺎﻩ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳉَيْ ِﺶ‪،‬‬
‫و)ﺑﺪ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﴏد‪:‬‬‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُد ٔأو ِﺷ �ﺪﺗُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴫدُ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫اﻟﴫ ُد و � َ‬‫‪ْ� -‬‬
‫ﴏدًا‪:‬‬ ‫)ﴎد(‪ ،‬و َﻣﻦ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬
‫ﴏ َد ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻘﺎ ُء َ ْ‬ ‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﺧ ِﻦ‪ -‬ﻓﻠيﺲ َﺑﺼﺤﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫إذا ﺧ ََﺮ َج �اﻟﺰﺑْﺪُ ُﻣتَ ِّﻘﻄ ًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َ �ﰒ ﯾُﺪاوى �ﳌﺎ ِء �‬
‫ﴏم‪:‬‬‫‪َْ -‬‬
‫اﻟﴫ ُم‪ :‬ا ِﳉ ْ�‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ� -‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﭼ ْﺮ ْم(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﲳﺞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ََ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ �ﻤﺎخُ ُ�ﻦ ِﴐ ٍار‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻤ� ُﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻤ ُﺞ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘنﺎدﯾ ُﻞ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪� :‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻤ ِﺞ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ْﺎت‬‫واﻟﻨ� ْﺠ ُﻢ ِﻣث ُﻞ �‬
‫َﺮي �ﲆ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ا �ﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وﺷ �ﻚ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ﰲ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ﻻ ْﺟ ِتﲈعِ‬ ‫ﻧ �َﺺ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﻌﺎن ﰲ َ ِﳇﻤ ٍﺔ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �اﻟﺰ �‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘثْنﺎ ٌء ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﳉﲓ وﻫﲈ ﻻ َ ْﳚ ِﳣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِد و ِ‬ ‫�‬
‫�ﲑﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ‬‫اﻟﺼﺎ ُد واﳉ ُﲓ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺮب َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ا ْﺟتَ َﻤ َﻌ ْﺖ ﻓﳱﺎ �‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎ ِ�ﺪ ِة‪ ،‬و ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﲳﺎ� ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل ِلﻠ�ﯿ ِ� اﳌُﻀﯿﺌ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﯿ ٌ� ﻗَ ْﻤﺮا ُء َ �‬‫ﺮب ُ‬ ‫َﺮي ٔأ �ن اﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫َﻛ ْﻮﻧ َﻪ َﻋ َﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺻ ْﻨﺞ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ َﺮ ِب‪،‬‬‫ﴬ ُب ﲠﺎ �ﲆ �أﺧﺮى ٔ� ْ� ِﻞ �‬ ‫�ﺎس‪ ،‬ﯾُ َ‬ ‫ﺪور ٌة ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻨ ُﺞ‪َ :‬ﲱﯿﻔ ٌﺔ ُﻣ �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن �‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﻧ ٌﺞ‪،‬‬ ‫ذات ٔآ ْو ٍ�ر‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ُ :‬ﺻﻨﻮجٍ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﻼ ِﻋ ُﺐ ﺑﻪ ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ٔآو آ آ ٌ� ﻣﻮﺳ�ﯿﻘي� ٌﺔ ُ‬
‫ﰷن ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮ�‪.‬‬ ‫وﲰﻮا ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ َﺻﻨ�ﺎ� ًﺔ؛ ﳉ َْﻮد ِة ِﺷ ْﻌ ِﺮﻩ �ا�ي َ‬ ‫وﺻﻨ�ﺎ� ٌﺔ‪� َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺻﻨ� ٌﺎج‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪۳۱۸‬‬
‫ﺮب‪ ،‬و�ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ �ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� �و ِل َﻋ �‬
‫ﺮﰊ َﻋ َﺮﻓَ ْتﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺬﯾﺐ وال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬
‫ﺮوف ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ذ� َﺑﺼﺤﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫دَﺧي ٌﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫�ن ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫َﺮي واﻟ َﻔي�ﻮ �ﱊ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﳖ� ﲈ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ِ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮ ُاب ﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫و �‬
‫ا ٔ� �و ِل ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ِ ) :‬ﺳ� ْﻨﺞ(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ ) :‬ﭼنْﮓ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺻ ْﻨ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻟﺴﲔِ ‪َ :‬ﺳ� ْﻨ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﲱ ُﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ِ ّ‬‫‪َ -‬ﺻ ْﻨ� ُﺔ اﳌﲒ ِان‪ِ :‬ﻋ ُﯿﺎرﻩ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﺳ� ْﻨ َ�ﻪْ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻌﯿﺎر‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺻ ْﻨﺪَ ل‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪُ اﳋَﻠْ ِﻖ اﻟﻀ� ْﺨ ُﻢ �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِس‪َ ،‬وﴭ ٌَﺮ ِﻫ ْﻨ �‬
‫ﺪي َﻃ ّﯿ ُِﺐ �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻌﲑ �‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻨﺪَ ُل‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ �ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� �و ِل َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬و�ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭼنﺪل(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ دَﺧي ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻐﺎت؛ ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا �ﻟﺴن ْ ِﺴﻜﺮﯾتي� ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﭼ ْنﺪَ ْن(‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ دا ِ� ٌﻞ ﰲ َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(sandal) :‬وﰲ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(sandalo) :‬وﰲ ا ٔ�ﻟْﲈﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(sandale) :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺻﻨَ ْﻮ�َﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﴭ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْر ِز‪،‬‬‫اﻟﺼﻨَ ْﻮ�َﺮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ُ� ،‬ﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ َ َ‬
‫ﺎت �‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨَﻮ�َ ُﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﴭ ٌَﺮ َﺟ َب �ﲇ ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﺨْﺮوﻃ �ﯿ ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﻨﺎن‪َ ،‬وو َرﻗُﻪ‬ ‫ْﻔيﻒ آآﻻ ِم ا ٔ� ْﺳ� ِ‬ ‫و�ُ َﺰر ُع ٔ� ْ� ِﻞ َﺧ َﺸ�ﺒِﻪ و ّ ِلﻠﺰﯾﻨ ِﺔ‪ْ ُ � ،‬ﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ِﻟ�ﺎ ُؤﻩ ﻟ َﺘﺨ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ �ﻤﺎخُ ُ�ﻦ ِﴐ ٍار‪:‬‬ ‫ا�ﺎت‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل �‬‫ﯾُ ِﻠﺼ ُﻖ ا ِﳉﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺖ * ٔأ ُﻛ �ﻒ ِر�ﺎلٍ ﯾ َ ِﻌﴫون �‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨَ ْﻮ�َﺮا‬ ‫ٔ� �ن ﺑ ِﺬﻓْﺮاﻫﺎ َﻣنﺎدﯾ َﻞ َﻓﺎر ْ‬
‫ُﴩ ٔأ َ� ٌﺪ إﱃ َﻛ ْﻮِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ِﺳﻮى ا ِ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو �اﻟﺮوﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱂ�ِ ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺻ ْﯿﺪﻻ �ﱐ �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫وﺻ ْﻨﺪﻻ �ﱐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‪َ :‬ﺻ ْﯿﺪَ ﻻ �ﱐ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻄﻮر وا ٔ� ْد ِوﯾ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻻﱐ‪� :‬ﺋِ ُﻊ اﻟ ُﻌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﯿﺪَ �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﯿﺪ ُ�‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﯿ ُﻊ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫وﺻ ْﯿﺪ� �ﱐ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ﺻﯿﺎد ٌ�‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪۳۱۹‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻨﺪَ َل ذا �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ ا �ﻟﻄ ّﯿِﺒ ِﺔ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ُ ِّﲻ َﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﺻ ْﻨﺪﻻﱐ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﻦ ﯾَبي ُﻊ �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎﻗﲑ وا ٔ� ْد ِوﯾﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻄﻮر واﻟ َﻌ ِ‬‫ﰷن ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ِ‬‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ و �أﻃ ِﻠ َﻖ �ﲆ َﻣﻦ ﯾَبي ُﻊ ٔأ �ي ِ�ن ْ ٍﺲ َ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺻ َﯿﺼﺎء‪:‬‬
‫وﺻ ُﯿﺺ اﻟﻨ�� ِْﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻤ ُﺮ �ا�ي ﻟيﺲ � ﻧ ًَﻮى‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ‪ِ :‬ﺷ�ﯿﺼﺎ َء‪،‬‬ ‫‪ِ -‬ﺻ َﯿﺼﺎ ُء ِ‬
‫و ِﺷ�ﯿﺺ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺻﯿﺺ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺻﯿﻖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُﯿﻖ‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺮ ُﱖ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟ ُﻐ ُﺒﺎر ﰲ اﻟﻬَﻮا ِء‪ٔ ،‬أو ّ ِاﻟﺮ ُﱖ اﳌ ُ ْﻨ ِتن ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َﲣ ُﺮ ُج ِﻣﻦ ا�� و ِ ّاب‪،‬‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ِ :‬ﺻ َﯿﻖٌ ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬‫ﻟﻮن‪ِ :‬ﺻﯿﻘ ٌﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُت‪ ،‬ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ٔأو �‬
‫ﯾ َ ُﱰ ْﻛ َﻦ �ُ ْﺮ َب ا ٔ� ْر ِض َﻣ ْﺠ َ‬
‫ﻨﻮن ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﯿ ْﻖ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪.‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ ُﻗتَ ْﯿﺒ َﺔ وا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬زﯾﻘﺎ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻔ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ ﻣ َﻊ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺻﻔ ِﺔ واﳌ َ َﻄ ِﺮ �‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ِ‬‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺬﯾﺐ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻟيﺲ َﺑﺼﺤﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎ َء ﰲ ا�ﳤ� ْ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺻﲔ‪:‬‬
‫�‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُﲔ‪ :‬ا�� ْو ُ� اﳌ َ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ُﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ ﻣﺎ ِد ً�ﺎ َاﻟﻮﻟﯿﺪَ َ�ﻦ ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫�ﺘﺎن ُ ْﲡﱮ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮاﺋِ ُﻒ‬ ‫و ٔأد ْ�ت إﻟﯿﻚ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪُ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ُﺣﺼﻮﳖِ ﺎ * و ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْر ِض ﺻﲔِ اﺳ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮاﱐ‪ ،‬وﱔ ا ٔ�واﱐ اﳌ َ ْﺼﻨﻮ� ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ �ُﺮ ِاب‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﲔ‪ ،‬وﺟي ِنﺴ�ﺘﺎن(‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺼﲔِ ﻓن ُ ِﺴبَ ْﺖ إ�ﳱﺎ‪ ،‬و َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ اﻟﻌﺎ ِّﻣي� َﺔ‪) :‬ﺻﯿ ِني�ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺟبﺎلٍ ﰲ ّ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺻﯿﻮ ٌان �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﯿﻮ ُان‪َ :‬ﺧﳰ ٌﺔ َﻛﺒﲑ ٌة ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘﲈش‪.‬‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬

‫‪۳۲۰‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ (sayeban) :‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫)ﺳﺎﯾﻪْ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِّ :‬اﻟﻈ ِ ّﻞ‪ ،‬و)�ن(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪� :‬ﺎ ِر ٍس‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ �ﺎ ِر ُس ِّاﻟﻈ ّﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۲۱‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻄّﺎء‬

‫‪ -‬ﻃﺎﺑِﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎ�ق‪ :‬ا�ٓ ُﺟ �ﺮ اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑ َ ُﻖ )�ﻟ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ ﻓﻘﻂ(‪َ :‬ﻇ ْﺮ ٌف ﯾُﻄ َﺒﺦُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑ َ ُﻖ و �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑ ُِﻖ و �‬
‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻃﻮاﺑﯿﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ﻃﻮاﺑ ُِﻖ‪َ ،‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ﲟ َ ْﻌﻨيَيﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ َ�) :‬ﺑَﻪْ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻇ ْﺮ ٌف ﯾُ ْﻘﲆ ﻓيﻪ �‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ُﻚ واﻟ َﺒ ْﯿ ُﺾ‪،‬‬
‫ُوﳜ َ ُﱫ ﻓيﻪ اﳋ ْ ُُﱫ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ )‪.(tapak‬‬
‫ﻃﺎﺟﻦ‪:‬‬‫‪ِ -‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺠ ُﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأن ﺗَ ْﻘ ِ َﲇ �ﻠﯿﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﯿ َﺠ ُﻦ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻘﲆ‪ ،‬واﳌَﺼﺪَ ُر‪� :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎ َﺟ ُﻦ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِﺎﺟ ُﻦ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻃﯿﺎ�ﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﯿ َﺠ ِﻦ‪َ :‬ﻃ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎﺟ ُﻦ َ‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻊ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِﺎﺟ ِﻦ‪َ :‬ﻃﻮ ِاﺟ ُﻦ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻊ �‬ ‫َْ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ َﺟ َﻦ( ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺑَﻪْ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ‬ ‫)اﻟﻄ ِﺎﺟ َﻦ و �‬‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ ٔأ �ن �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(teègan-on) :‬و ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ )ﻃﻜﻦ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ )ﻗﲆ(‪ ،‬وﯾُ َﺆ ِﯾ ّﺪُ ﻗَ ْﻮ َ� ﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ� ا ُ�ﻦ‬ ‫�ْ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑ ُِﻖ �ا�ي ﯾُ ْﻘﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﯿ َﺠ ُﻦ‪� :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿ َﺠ َﻦ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ؛ �ﺎ َء ﰲ اﳉَ ْﻤﻬَﺮ ِة‪) :‬و �‬ ‫د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ �ن �‬
‫ﴎ�ﻧ �ﯿ ًﺔ �آو روﻣي� ًﺔ(‪ ،‬و َدل � َﻞ �آ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ �ﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﴚ ُء ٔآو ُﳜ َ ُﱫ‪ ،‬ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷآٓﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔآ ْﺣ َﺴ�ﳢُ ﺎ ُ ْ‬‫�ﻠﯿﻪ �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ِﳌ ْﻘﲆ ا �ٕﻻ )�ﺑﻪ(‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن ا ٔ� ْر َﺟ ُﺢ‬ ‫ٔأ �ن ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻞ ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ ﺑأٔﻧ �ﻪ ﱂ َﳚ ِْﺪ َ ِﳇﻤ ًﺔ ﰲ ِ‬
‫ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﺎﺑُﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﺑﻮر‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜتﯿﺒ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻮ ُج‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺼ �ﻒ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ�ﻼﻣي ِﺬ ٔأو اﳉُﻨﻮ ِد‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑُ ُﻮر واﻟﺘ� ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ �ﻒ ﳑ�ﻦ ﯾَنْ ِتﻈ َ‬
‫ﺮون د َْو َرﱒ‪.‬‬ ‫و �‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(tabur) :‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬

‫‪۳۲۲‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺎرﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﰷﻟ ُﻘب� ِﺔ ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﳋَﺸَ ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِرﻣ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ٌﺖ ُ‬‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬رم( و�ُﻜتَ ُﺐ �‬
‫�ﻟﻄﺎ ِء ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْي ٍﺖ ِﻣﻦ ﺧَﺸَ ٍﺐ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﴩﻓ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿﺎج‪.‬‬
‫واﻟ ُﻘب� ِﺔ‪ ،‬و � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﺎس ﻃﺎﺳﺔ‪� :‬ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﻃﺎﺳﺎت؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ ﻧُﻮ ٍاس‪:‬‬ ‫ُﴩ ُب ﻓيﻪ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُﺎس‪ :‬اﻻٕ� ُء �ا�ي � َ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺎت َر ْﺣﺮاحِ‬ ‫َﺘﯿﻖ �اﻟﺮاحِ َﲣﻔﳤُ ﻢ * ِّ‬
‫�ﲁ ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫� ﻃﯿﳢَ ﻢ وﻋ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ �) :‬ﺸﺖ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﻔ ْن ُ‬
‫�ﺎن اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ ﺑﻼ ُﻋ ْﺮوة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﺎق‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ُﺎق‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ُﻋ ِﻄ َﻒ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﺑْ ِني ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻋ ْﻘﺪُ اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎ ِء‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٌ :‬‬
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺎت و ٔأ ْﻃﻮ ٌاق‪ ،‬و ِﻃﯿﻘﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪َ ،(�) :‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ‬
‫ﻮي‪ ،(tak) :‬و�ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻃﺎق(‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَ �‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﺎﻗَ ٌﻢ َﻃ ْﻘ ٌﻢ‪� :‬ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﻘ ُﻢ َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ٌﺔ ُﻣتَﲀ ِﻣ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗَ ُﻢ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَﻘﻮ ُد �‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ�ِﺮ َة وا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ َﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ا ٔ� َدوات وا ٔ�واﱐ واﳌَﻼ� ِِﺲ ْ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(takim) :‬‬ ‫ﻈﺎن ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﺎ ِﻗي�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِﻗي� ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ِﻏ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎءات �اﻟﺮ ٔأس‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻃﺎﰶ وﻃﺎﻗﲔ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۲۳‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻃﺎ ِو� �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ ِو ُ�‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻨﻀَ ﺪ ُة واﳌَﻜتَ ُﺐ‪ ،‬واﳌﺎﺋِﺪ ُة والﻠ � ْﻮ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﯾ َ ْﺒﺪو ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ؛ ٕا ْذ ا �ٕن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(tavola) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ َم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎ ِّﻣي� ِﺔ ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � ِﺔ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﻮ ٌح‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﺛَب�تﻮﻫﺎ �ﲆ ٔأ ْرﺑَﻌ ِﺔ ٔأ ْر ُ� ٍﻞ‪ ،‬و ٔأ َﳇﻮا �ﻠﳱﺎ �‬
‫اﻟﲊد‪.‬‬ ‫�ُﺮا ِد ُف ﻟُ ْﻌﺒ َﺔ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﺎووس‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﺎﺳﻘ ِﺔ‬‫ﻤﲒ ﺑأٔﻟْﻮا ِﻧﻪ اﻟ َﺒﺪﯾﻌ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ َﺘ ِ‬‫ﯿﻮر‪ ،‬ﯾ َ َﺘ � ُ‬ ‫ﺎؤوس‪ :‬ﻃﺎ�ِ ٌﺮ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْ َﲨ ِﻞ �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬‫ﺎووس و �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﻃﺎووس‪،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﻞ ِﻣﻦ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫�ﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮن لﻠ َﺠ ِ‬ ‫نﴩ ر�ﺸَ ﻪ ﻛﲈ ا ِﳌ ْﺮ َو� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰷﻧﻮا ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ﯾَ ُ ُ‬
‫َﻄﻮ َﺳ ِﺖ اﳌ َ ْﺮ ٔأةُ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ َ� :‬ﺰﯾ�ن َ ْﺖ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻃﻮاو َ�ﺲ‬ ‫وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺗ �‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊٍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻤﻲ ﰲ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ٔأ َﲺ �‬
‫و ٔأ ْﻃﻮ ٍاس‪ ،‬وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﺗَﻨﺎﻗُ ٌﺾ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ا ِ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ ٍ آٓﺧَﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎووس ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ )ﻃﻮس( ﰲ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ُ �ﰒ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن اﻟ �ﻄ َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(tàos) :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻃﺒﺎﺷﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺷﲑ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �د ٌة �ﳰﯿﺎﺋ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﰷﻧ َﺖ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ْﺪَ ُم ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ َدو ًاء‪ ،‬و َ�ﺪﯾﺜًﺎ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ﻣﺎ �د ٍة‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫ﴘ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼﺑ ِﺔ‪ْ ُ � ،‬ﺴ�ﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ لﻠ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَيْ �‬ ‫ﻀﺎء ﻗَﻠﯿ ِ� �‬
‫�ﲑﯾ � ٍﺔ ﺑ َ ْﯿ َ‬
‫ا ِﳉ ِﲑ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗ َ‬
‫َﺒﺎﺷﲑ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻃ َ ْﱪ َزد‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ َ ْﱪ َز ُل و �‬
‫اﻟﻄ َ ْﱪ َز ُن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠْ ُﺐ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪� :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜ� ُﺮ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ َ ْﱪ َزدُ‪� :‬‬‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗ َ َْﱪ َزدْ(‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﺗ َْﱪ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔأٔ ِس‪َ ،‬‬
‫و)زدْ(‪،‬‬
‫وﴐب‪.‬‬ ‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ د �َق َ َ‬

‫‪۳۲٤‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻃ َ ْﱪ ِز�ﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎن �ﲆ‬ ‫ﻼح ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳ ِﻠ� ِﺔ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ اﻟ َﻔأٔ َس‪ ،‬ﯾُ َﻌ ِﻠ ّ ُﻘﻬﺎ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ َ ْﱪ ِز ُ�ﻦ‪ِ :‬ﺳ ٌ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﴪوجِ؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫�‬
‫ﻔﺎﺻ ِﻞ‬‫ﻘﻀ ًﺒﺎ لﻠ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﺠﯿﺐ اﳋُ ْﺒ ِﺚ ﺗَﻠﻘﻰ ﯾَﻤﯿ ُﻨﻪ * َﻃ َ ْﱪ ِز َ�ﻦ ﺑ َ ْ ٍﲔ ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫وﰷ َد ُﻣ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗ َ َْﱪز�ﻦ(‪ ،‬وﱔ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﺗﱪ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻓأٔ ٍس‪،‬‬
‫ﴎج‪.‬‬ ‫و)ز�ﻦ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻃ َﺒﻖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ َﺒ ُﻖ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﺼﻌ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ﺆﰻ ﻓﳱﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗَ َﺒﮓ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻃﺮاز‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب اﳉَ ّﯿِﺪةُ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬
‫ﯿﺎب‬ ‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ �ا�ي ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮ ُاز‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� َﻤﻂُ‪ ،‬و�َ َ ُﲅ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِب‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫ﰻ ﳾ ٍء؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫ﺣﺴ ُﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫لﻠﺴﻼﻃﲔِ ‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰲ اﳉَ ِ ّﯿ ِﺪ ِﻣﻦ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ِاز ا ٔ� �و ِل‬‫ﻧﻮف ِﻣﻦ ِّ‬ ‫ﴌ ا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫ﺑ ُِﯿﺾ ُاﻟﻮﺟﻮ ِﻩ َﻛﺮﳝ ٌﺔ ٔأ ْﺣﺴﺎﲠُ ﻢ * ُ �‬
‫ﺪال اﻟﺘ�ﺎ ِء ﻃﺎء‪.‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�ِ ) :‬ﺮاز(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟﺘ� ْﻘﺪ� ِﺮ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻮي‪ُ ،‬ﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ٕ�ﺑْ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻃ ْﺮﺑﻮش‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم َوﺷ ِ‬
‫ﲈل‬ ‫ﻌﺎر ٌف �ﻠﯿﻪ ﰲ ﺑِﻼ ِد �‬ ‫ﺑﻮش‪ِ :‬ﻏﻄﺎ ٌء �لﻠﺮ ٔأ ِس‪ ،‬ﻟَ ْﻮﻧ ُﻪ ٔأ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ‪ُ ،‬ﻣتَ َ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ٕاﻓْﺮﯾﻘي َﺔ‪� ،‬أ ِ� َﺬ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْ�ﺮاك‪.‬‬
‫)ﴎﭘﻮش( اﳌُﺮﻛ�ﺒ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻃﺮﭘﻮش(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﴎ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِس‪ ،‬و)ﭘﻮش( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬ﻏﻄﺎء‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۲٥‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﻃ ْﺮز‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﲁ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺮ ُز‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺰ �ي‪ ،‬واﻟﻬَ ْﯿﺌ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺮ ُز و �‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫ﺪال اﻟﺘ�ﺎ ِء ﻃﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ�) :‬ﺮز( ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ٕ�ﺑْ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻃ �ﺴﻮج‪:‬‬
‫ﺪار ِﻣﻦ َاﻟﻮ ْز ِن‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ :‬ﻃﺴﺎﺳ�ﯿﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮج‪ :‬اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﺣي ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣ ْﻘ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �ﻟﻄ �ﺴ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺴﻮ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ )�( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬إﱃ‪ ،‬و)ﺳﻮ(‪،‬‬
‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬ﺎ ِﻧﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻃﻠ � ْﺴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺰﰪ َﻣﻦ �َﻜ ُتﳢُ ﺎ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ �َ ِﺮﺑﻂُ ﲠﺎ ٔأو ﯾ َ ُﻤﺰ ُج ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ُﻄﻮط و ٔأ ْ�ﺪا ٌد �َ ُ ُ‬‫اﻟﻄﻠَ ْﺴ ُﻢ‪ :‬ﺧ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠ � ْﺴ ُﻢ و ِّ‬‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈ ِوﯾ � ِﺔ اﻟﻔﺎ ِ� ِ� واﻟ ُﻘﻮى ا ٔ� ْرﺿ �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﻨﻔ ِﻌ ِ�؛ ﻟ َﯿ َﺘﻤﻜ� َﻦ ﲠﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ�ﻠْ ِﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ ُﻘﻮى �‬ ‫َْ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋِ ُﻊ �ﲆ ٔأﻟْ ِﺴ�ﻨ ِﺔ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس‪:‬‬ ‫لﻠﴪ اﳌ َ ْﻜتﻮ ِم‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫ﰟ ِ ّ ِّ‬ ‫ﺒﻮب ٔأو َدﻓْﻊ ِ َﻣ ْﻜﺮو ٍﻩ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٌ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺤ ٍ‬
‫ﲵﻪ و ٔأزا َل إﲠْ ﺎ َﻣﻪ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪:‬‬‫ﻼﲰﻪ ٔأو َﻃﻠْ َﺴ َﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬و � َ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻓَ �ﻚ َﻃ ِ َ‬ ‫َ)ﻃﻠْ َﺴﻢ(‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻼﰟ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻃ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻲ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَيْ �‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﴘ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬ﰲ �ﲔِ َذ َﻛ َﺮ َﺷ� ْﯿ�ُﻪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ٔأ َﲺ �‬ ‫َوز َ َﰪ �اﻟﺰ �‬
‫ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻪ ِﻣﻦ َﻃﻠَ َﺲ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ َﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣ�ﺎﻫﺎ ﻛﲈ ﯾَﻔ َﻌ ُﻞ اﳌُﺸَ ْﻌﻮ ُذ‪ ،‬ﰲ �ﲔِ َذ َﻛ َﺮ‬
‫َﻔﺎ� ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ﱂ ﯾَﻠْﺘ ِﻔ ْﺖ ٔأ َ� ٌﺪ ﳑ�ﻦ ﯾُﻮﺛَ ُﻖ ﲠﻢ ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ ِﻧﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﳋ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ن(‪،‬‬‫ِ‬ ‫)�ﲑ َﻋﺮ ٍ ّﰊ‪ ،‬و ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ا ٔ�ﻣﲔ اﳌ ُ ِﺤ ِ ّﱯ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬‫�‬
‫�ﲁ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ �ﺎ ِﻣ ٌﺾ ُﻣ ْﳢَ ٌﻢ ﰷ ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﯾﻮ�ﱐ ِّ‬ ‫و�ﺎء ﰲ اﳌُﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ َاﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿﻂِ‪) :‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ �‬ ‫َ‬
‫�ﻃﻼعِ �ﲆ ا ٔ� ْﴎ ِار‪،‬‬ ‫�ﺎ�(؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(tèlesm-a) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ ّ :‬‬ ‫وا ٔ� ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤﺮﯾ � ِﺔ ِ ّ ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ْﲈل ِ ّ‬ ‫وﲻ ِﻞ ا ٔ�ﻋ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤ ِﺮ َ َ‬ ‫وا ْﺳ� ُﺘﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ﰲ ِ ّ‬

‫‪۳۲٦‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻃﲈ ِﻃﻢ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﲈ ِﻃ ُﻢ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﳋ َْﴬاو ِات‪.‬‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫�ﯿﻚ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻠ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪� ُ ،(tomatl) :‬ﰒ‬ ‫و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ ﻟُﻐ ِﺔ )‪ ،(nahuatl‬وﱔ ﻟُﻐ ُﺔ اﳌ َ ْﻜﺴ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ الﻠ�ﻐ َﺔ ا ٕﻻ ْﺳ�ﺒﺎﻧ �ﯿ َﺔ‪ ،(tomate) :‬و َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻣﳯﺎ إﱃ َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ د َُو ِل اﻟﻌﺎﻟَ ِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َد َ�ﻠَ ِﺖ َ ِ‬
‫ُ �ﰒ �ُ ِّﺪﻟَ ْﺖ ﺻﯿﻐﳤُ ﺎ ا ٕﻻ ْﺳ�ﺒﺎﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ ﰲ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن ‪ ١٨‬إﱃ ‪tomato, tomata, tomtum‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﯿ َﻎ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� َﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ )‪� (tomatum‬ﺎ َء ِت ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﯿﻐ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ ُﺘﻮا ِﻓ َﻖ ّ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻃ ْﻨﺒﻮر‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ :‬ا ِّﻟﻄ ْﻨﺒﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﻻت �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا �ﻟﻄ ْﻨ ُﺒ ُﻮر‪ :‬آ آ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ آ آ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗَنْبﻮر(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻃ ّﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ �ﻦ‪ُ � :‬ﺴﺎوي ٔأﻟْ َﻒ �ﯿﻠﻮﺟﺮا ٍم‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﻃﻨﺎن‪.‬‬
‫‪� -‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ،(tonne) :‬ﻣﻦ )‪� (ton‬ﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﻮب‪:‬‬
‫ﻮب‪ :‬ا�ٓ ُﺟ �ﺮ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰲ اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎء‪.‬‬‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﺑ ِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ِﻣ ْﴫ‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫َﺮي؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(twbe) :‬‬‫ﺣﲓ ﻗَ ْﻮ َل اﳉ َْﻮﻫ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻃﻮﻣﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﻣﻮر‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻃﻮاﻣﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﻮﻣﺎر‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻐﲑ‪) :‬ﺗﻮﻣﺲ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ �‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺗﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻮن( ﺗ َْﺼ ُ‬

‫‪۳۲۷‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‬

‫‪ِ -‬ﻋﺮاق‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ُاق‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ َ ُ� اﳌ َ ْﻌﺮوف‪.‬‬
‫ﺮب �ُﺴ ِّﻤﻲ �ا�ي ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﻗَﺮﯾ ًﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻻن ﻓيﻪ‪ٔ :‬أ َ�ﺪُ ﻫﲈ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ؛ ﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮﲠِ ﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ﻗَ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ ِﻋﺮاﻗًﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ٔ :‬أﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(erak) :‬وﻫﻮ ِﺻﻔ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ )‪� (er‬ا�ي‬
‫ﲳ �ﻌﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‬‫ﻓﻘﺪ ر ٔأى ا ٔ� ْ َ‬
‫ﺮب؛ ْ‬ ‫�ﻮر ﰲ ِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ُﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ‪) eran‬إ�ﺮان(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُل اﳌ َ ْﺬ ُ‬
‫ﺮب وﻗﺎﻟَﺖ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻌﺮاق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮﺿﻊ ِ اﳌ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻌ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ )إ�ﺮان ﺷﻬﺮ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َﻣ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻋ �ﺮاب‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻌ �ﺮ ُاب‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜﻔي ُﻞ �ا�ي ﯾُﻌ ِّﻤﺪُ ﲟﺎ ِء اﳌ َ ْﻌﻤﻮدﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(arobo) :‬و)‪.(oroubo‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻋ َﺮﺑ ٌﺔ َﻋ َﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪� /‬ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﺎن ٔأو ا ِﳊ ُﲈر‪ ،‬وﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﺘﺎن ﺗُﺪﻓَ ُﻊ �ﻟ َﯿ ِﺪ ٔأو َ ُﳚ �ﺮﻫﺎ ا ِﳊ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻌ َﺮﺑ ُﺔ‪َ :‬وﺳ�ﯿ ُ� ﻧ َ ْﻘ ٍﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ َ َﲺﻠَ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺎن ﻫﻮ "اﻟ َﻌ ْﺮ َﲜﻲ"‪ ،‬وﻓَﺼﯿ ُ�ﻪ‪" :‬اﳊُﻮ ِذ �ي"‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ ِﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ َ ُﳚ �ﺮﻫﺎ ا ِﳊ ُ‬
‫ﻮن �ﲆ اﻟ �ﺴ� �ﯿﺎر ِة‪َ ) :‬ﻋ َﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْ ِﲑ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄ ِﻠ ُﻖ ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � َ‬ ‫� َ ْﺴ�ﺘ ِﺤ �ﺚ ا�� اﺑ � َﺔ �ﲆ �‬
‫ﺤﺮ ٌف ﻋﻦ َﻋ َﺮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ �‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(araba) :‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻋ ُﺮوﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻌﺮوﺑ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﯾ َ ْﻮ ُم اﳉُ ُﻤﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا ٔ�ﻓْ َﺼ ُﺢ ٔأ �ﻻ ﺗَﺪ ُ�ﻠَﻬﺎ ا ٔ� ِﻟ ُﻒ و �اﻟﻼ ُم؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓ ٌﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ‬
‫ُﻣﻘب ٍِﻞ‪:‬‬
‫وٕاذا ر ٔأى �اﻟﺮ �وا َد َﻇ �ﻞ ﺑأٔ ْﺳ ُﻘ ٍﻒ * ﯾ َ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ � َﯿ ْﻮ ِم َﻋﺮوﺑ َﺔ اﳌ ُ َﺘﻄﺎ ِو ِل‬

‫‪۳۲۸‬‬
 ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗَﺪ ُ�ﻠُﻬﺎ ا ٔ� ِﻟ ُﻒ و �اﻟﻼ ُم؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﻘﻄﺎ ِﻣ �ﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻧ َ ْﻔﴘ اﻟ ِﻔﺪا ُء ٔ� ْﻗﻮا ٍم ُ ُﱒ َ�ﻠَﻄﻮا * ﯾ َ ْﻮ َم اﻟ َﻌﺮوﺑ ِﺔ ٔأ ْورادًا ﺑأٔ ْورا ِد‬
‫ﻬﻮر؛ ﻓ َي ْﻮ ُم اﳉُ ُﻤﻌ ِﺔ ٔأ ْﻇﻬ َُﺮ ِﻣﻦ ﺳﺎ�ِ ِﺮ ٔأ �� ِم‬‫اﻟﻈ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻪ ا ُ�ﻦ ِﺟ ِ ّﲏ ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻ ْﻋﺮ ِاب‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺮﰊ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﰟ ﻗَﺪ ٌﱘ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ﺑ َﻌ ّ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ ا ٔ� ِﺛﲑ‪) :‬ﻫﻮ ا ٌ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْﺳ�ﺒﻮعِ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ �ﴚ ٍء؛ ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻋﺮوﺑﺘﺎ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ور ٔأى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻌﻞ‪ /erab) :‬ﻋﺮب(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻏَ َﺮ َب‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ،(eroubtho‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﯾ َ ْﻮ ِم اﳉُ ُﻤﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬
‫و�ﺎب‪ ،‬و ٔأﻓَ َﻞ‪ .‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ) ٔأ َرب( اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻋ ْﺼ ُﻔﺮ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم ﰲ ٕاﻧْﻀﺎجِ الﻠ � ْﺤ ِﻢ اﻟﻐَﻠﯿﻆِ‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ا�ﳢَ ْ َﺮﻣﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺼ ُﻔ ُﺮ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ا ْﺻﭙﻮر(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ� -‬ﻠْﲈﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫َﺐ ﯾ َ ْﺪﻋﻮ إﱃ ﻓَ ْﺼ ِﻞ ّ ِا� ِ�ﻦ ﻋﻦ ا�� ﻧْﯿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻌﻠْﲈﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻣﺬﻫ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ�) :‬ﻠْﻤﻨﺎ�(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٌﺢ ﰲ اﻟﻨ� ْﴫاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ا ٔ� ْﻣ َﺮ �ا�ي ﻻ ِﺻ َ�‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻣﻮر اﻟ َﻜنَﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ )�ﺎﳌﺎ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳊَﯿﺎ ِة ا�� ﻧْﯿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫� � ٔ� ِ‬
‫‪ْ ُ -‬ﲻﺮوس‪:‬‬
‫بيﻞ اﻟت � ْﺸبي ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺮوس‪ :‬اﳊَ َﻤ ُﻞ واﳉ َْﺪ ُي‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻐُﻼ ُم اﳊﺎ ِد ُر �ﲆ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ ُ‬
‫ُوﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻋﲈر َ�ﺲ‪ ،‬و َﻋ ِﲈرس‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻣﺮوﺳ�ﺘﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ور ٔأى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻐﲑ ِﻣﻦ َو َ ِ� اﻟﻀ� أ�ن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬‫ﻐﲑ ) ٔأﻣﺮا(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬ ‫ﺗ َْﺼ ُ‬

‫‪۳۲۹‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﲔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻏُﺮﻧﻮق‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻃﺎ�ِ ٌﺮ ِ �‬
‫ﻣﺎﰄ َﻃﻮﯾ ُﻞ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻨ ِﻖ‬ ‫ﺎﰪ اﳊ ََﺴ ُﻦ �‬ ‫ﺎب اﳉَﻤﯿ ُﻞ اﻟﻨ� ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ �‬ ‫ﻧﻮق‪� :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻐ ُْﺮ ُ‬
‫�ق‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮق‪ ،‬وﻏُ ْ ﻧﺮ َ ْﯿ ٌﻖ‪ ،‬وﻏَ َﺮ ْوﻧ ٌَﻖ‪ ،‬و ِﻏ ْ ﻧﺮ ٌَﻮق‪ ،‬و ِﻏ ْﺮ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ﻏُ ْﺮ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗَﲔِ ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ َﺳ� ْﺒ ُﻊ ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫و �‬
‫وﻏُﺮا ِﻧ ٌﻖ‪ ،‬وﻏُ ْ ﻧﺮ َ ْﯿﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻏﺮاﻧﯿﻚ(‪ ،‬وﱔ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﻏﺮا(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أﺑْ َﯿ َﺾ‪ ،‬و)ﻧﯿﻚ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﲨﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻏَ ْﻮ�ﺎء‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُت واﳉَﻠَﺒ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻜ ْﱶ ُة اﳌ ُ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠﻄ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﻌﻮض‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻐ َْﻮ�ﺎ ُء‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ اﻟ َﺒ َ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻏﻮ�ﺎء(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫َﻛ ْﱶ ُة ا ٔ� ْﺻﻮ ِات و ِ ّاﻟﲋاع‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۳۰‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎء‬

‫ﻓﺎرس‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِ -‬‬

‫نﻮب إ�ﺮان‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﯿﻞ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس �ا��ﻦ ﰷﻧﻮا ﯾُﻘ َ‬
‫ﳰﻮن َﺟ َ‬ ‫ﰟ ٔأﰊ ذ� ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر ُس‪ :‬ا ُ‬ ‫‪ِ -‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﺎرس(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺎﻧﻮس‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻮس‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� �ﻤﺎ ُم‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ لﻠ ِﻤ ْﺸﲀ ِة اﳌ َ ْﺼﻨﻮعِ َﺟﻮا ِنﳢُ ﺎ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺰ�ﺎجِ ﻟ َﺘ ِﻘ َﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻔﺎ ُ‬
‫ﴪ‪ ،‬وٕا ْﻃﻼﻗُﻪ �ﲆ ا ِﳌ ْﺸﲀ ِة َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎح ا�� ا ِ� �ﲇ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬَﻮا ِء واﻟ َﻜ ْ ِ‬ ‫ا ِﳌ ْﺼ َ‬
‫)اﻟﻨ� �ﻤﺎ ِم(؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﯾ َ ُ �ﲌ ُوﳜ ِ ُﱪ ﻋﻦ �ﺎ ِﻣ ِ� ﰲ الﻠ�ﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫�ت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ا ٔ�ﻣﲔ اﳌ ُ ِﺤ ِ ّﱯ ﰲ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(phan-os) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘنْﺪﯾﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُ ْ�ﻞ‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت َ ْﲪﺮا ُء َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬ﻓُ ْ��‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ ْ� ُﻞ واﻟ ُﻔ ُ� ُﻞ واﻟ ِﻔ ْ� ُﻞ‪� :‬أ ُروﻣ ُﺔ ﻧ ٍ‬
‫ﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ ر ٔأ ٌي �َﺮى ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ "ﻓَ َ� َﻞ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ْ :‬اﺳ َ ْﱰ� و�َﻠُﻆَ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْر َﺟ ُﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(fouglo) :‬‬ ‫ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَﺦّ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺮ ُق‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬ﻓُﺨﻮخٍ‪ ،‬و ٔأﻓْ�ﺎخ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْ ُﲑ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪� :‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔﺦ� ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُﺼﺎ ُد ﺑﻪ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،(foho) :‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻓَﺦ� (‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻐﺎت َﲨﯿ ًﻌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎظ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗَ َﺘﻮ َاﻃأ� �ﻠﳱﺎ الﻠ � ُ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬

‫‪۳۳۱‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻓُﺮا ِﻧﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ا�ت ﺑ ُﻘﺪو ِﻣﻪ ﻓتَ ْﺨ َﺘﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﯾَت َ َ‬
‫نﺎو ُل ﻣﺎ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ٔأﻣﺎ َم ا ٔ� َﺳ ِﺪ ﯾُﻨ ِﺬ ُر اﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔﺮا ِﻧ ُﻖ‪َ :‬ﺣ َيﻮ ٌان ُ‬
‫ﯿﻮش‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ‬‫وﻃﻼﺋِﻊ ِ اﳉُ ِ‬ ‫ﯾ َ ْﺒﻘﻰ ِﻣﻦ ﻓَﺮا�ِ ِﺲ ا ٔ� َﺳ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وا ْﺳ� ُﺘﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ﰲ دَﻻﺋِ ِﻞ َ‬
‫ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ﰲ ﻓُﺮا ِﻧ ِﻖ َاﻟﱪﯾ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳊﺎ ِﻣ ُﻞ لﻠ َﺨﺮاﺋِﻂِ �ا�ي ﯾَﺪُ �ل ﺻﺎ ِﺣ َﺐ َاﻟﱪﯾ ِﺪ �ﲆ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ ِﯾﻖ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ْﻣ ُﺮ ُؤ اﻟ َﻘيْ ِﺲ‪:‬‬ ‫�‬
‫وٕا ِ ّﱐ �أ ِذ ٌ�ﻦ إن َر َﺟ ْﻌ ُﺖ ُﻣ َﻤ� � ًﲀ * َ�ﺴ ْ ٍﲑ �َﺮى ِﻣن ُﻪ اﻟ ُﻔﺮا ِﻧ َﻖ ٔأ ْز َورا‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ�) :‬ﺮ َواﻧ َ ْﻪ و�َ ْﺮ َواﻧ َْﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَ َﺮ ْزدَق‪:‬‬
‫تﺎت اﳋ ْ ُِﱫ‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻗ َﻄ ُﻊ اﻟ َﻌ�ﲔِ ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ َﻘ ُﺐ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ِﺮ ا ٔ� َﻣ ِﻮ ِ ّي‬ ‫ﻏﯿﻒ ٔأو ﻓُ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ْزد َُق‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺮوف‪ ،‬وا ُﲰﻪ‪ :‬ﳘ�ﺎ ٌم‪ ،‬واﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬ﻓَ َﺮ ْزدَﻗ ٌﺔ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬ﻓَﺮ ِاز َق‪ ،‬وﻓَﺮ ِازد‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌ َ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ�) :‬ﺮ َازدَﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُ ْﺮزوم‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮزو ُم‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْ َﱥ ُر �ا�ي ﺗ � َِﱱ ُر ﺑﻪ اﳌ َ ْﺮ ٔأةُ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻟﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻘيْﺲ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ َ�) :‬ﺮزوﻣﺎ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَ َﺮﻣﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﺎن ُلﻠﻮﻻة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎن‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾَﻌﻬَﺪُ ﺑﻪ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪) :‬ﻓَ َﺮﻣﺎن(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﻣﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺴ� ُﺘ ُﻖ‪َ :‬ﴭ ٌَﺮ � ﺛَ َﻤ ٌﺮ ﻟُ �ﺒﻪ ﯾَﻤﯿ ُﻞ إﱃ اﳋ ُْﴬ ِة‪ ،‬ذو َﻃ ْﻌ ٍﻢ َ�ﯾ ٍﺬ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﯾَﻨبُ ُﺖ ﺑأٔ ْر ِض‬
‫ﺮب؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ ُ َﳔ ْﯿ َ�‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫وﱂ ﺗ َُﺬ ْق ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻘﻮل اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻘﺎ‬
‫‪۳۳۲‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺴ�ﺘﻪ(‪ ،‬و�َ ِﺮﺟ ُﻊ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب لﻠ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺴ�ﺘﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُ ْﺴ�ﺘﺎن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲔِ‬‫ﺨﲓ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺒﺎس لﻠ ِن ّﺴﺎ ِء‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم ﺑ َﺘ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﺎن‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺴ� ُ‬
‫ﻃﺎء‪) :‬ﻓُ ْﺴﻄﺎن(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗَﻠْ ِﺐ اﻟﺘ�ﺎ ِء ً‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(fistan) :‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ�ﻐ ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﻟْﺒﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،(fustan) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫��ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا �ﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ ٔأ ْﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ ،(fustaneatela) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ� :‬ﺴ ٍ‬
‫�ﯿﺞ‬ ‫ذات ِﺻ ٍ� َ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎط ِﻣ ْﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻄﺎﻃﻲ‪ْ �ِ ،‬ﺴ�ﺒ ًﺔ إﱃ ﻓُ ْﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻓُ ْﺴ ّ ٍ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُ ْﺴ ُﲁ‪:‬‬
‫ﲁ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎق‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻔ ْﺴ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﲁ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳋَ ْﯿ ُﻞ �ا�ي ﯾَآٔﰐ آ ٓ ِﺧ ًﺮا ﰲ َ�ﻠْﺒ ِﺔ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ� ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺴ ُ ُ‬
‫�ء‪) :‬اﻟبُ ْﺴ ُﲁ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗُﺒﺪَ ُل اﻟﻔﺎ ُء ً‬‫ﻜﻮل‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻔ ْﺴ َﻜ ْﻮ ُل‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ُﻔ ْﺴ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺸﻠﻨﻚ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﻦ ﯾَآٔﰐ آ ٓ ِﺧ َﺮ ِرﻓﺎ ِﻗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸﺎر �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬‫‪ -‬ﻓُ ٌ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪) :‬ﻓَ �ﺸﺎر(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫ْﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬
‫�ن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ� ِ‬ ‫ﺸﺎر‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬَ َﺬ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ ُ‬
‫َﻛ �ﺬ ٍاب ٔأو َﻫ �ﺬاء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(fashar) :‬وﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻫَﺬى‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻓ ِّﻄيﺲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻔ ِّﻄ ُيﺲ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻄ َﺮﻗ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻌﻈﳰ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔأ� ُس اﻟ َﻌﻈﲓ‪.‬‬
‫دون إﺷﺎر ٍة إﱃ ا ٔ� ْﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ �‬
‫روﱊ ٔأو ُ ْ‬
‫ﴎ� �ﱐ َ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ واﻟ َﻔ ْﲑوز �‬
‫ا�دي ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ َ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَﻼ ِورة‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﯿﺎ ِد ُ�‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪ :‬ﻓَ ْيﻠﻮر‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔﻼ ِور ُة‪� :‬‬

‫‪۳۳۳‬‬
‫ﻄﻮر واﳊَﺮ َ�ﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﯿ� ور(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬ﺋِﻊ ٍ ُﻣتَ ِّ‬
‫ﺠﻮلٍ ﯾَبي ُﻊ ا ٔ� ْدوﯾ َﺔ واﻟ ُﻌ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫و�َ ْ َﲑ ذ�‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَﻠْ َﺴﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻮف‪ ،‬وﺗَ َﻔﻠْ َﺴ َﻒ‪ ،‬وﱔ ِ� ٌﲅ ﯾ َ ُﺪر ُس اﳌَﺒﺎ ِد َئ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔﻠْ َﺴﻔ ُﺔ‪ :‬ا ِﳊ ْﳬ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ ْيﻠَ ُ‬
‫ﺴﻮف‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﺎ ِﻟ ُﻢ �ﻟ َﻔﻠْ َﺴﻔ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴﲑا َﻋ ْﻘﻠ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ ْيﻠَ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﴪ اﳌ َ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓ َﺔ ﺗَ ْﻔ ً‬ ‫ا ��وﱃ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ِ ّ ُ‬
‫دون ٔأن ُﳛ ِﺴ�ﻨَﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼﺳﻔ ِﺔ َ‬ ‫� َﻣ َ َ‬
‫ﺴ� اﻟ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫و)ﺗَ َﻔﻠْ َﺴ َﻒ(‪َ :‬ﺳ َ َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(filosofia) :‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪ (filo) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬
‫ُﺣ ٍ ّﺐ‪ ،‬و)‪ ،(sofia‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ِﳊ ْﳬ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﺎﻟ َﻔﻠْ َﺴﻔ ُﺔ ﱔ ُﺣ �ﺐ ا ِﳊ ْﳬﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻓ ِﻠ ّﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮط‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻔ ِﻠ ّ ُﲔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �د ٌة َﻣ �ﻄﺎﻃ ٌﺔ ﻻ ﺗَ َﺘﻌﻔ� ُﻦ‪ْ ُ � ،‬ﺴ�ﺘﺨ َْﺮ ُج ِﻣﻦ ِﻟ�ﺎ ِء َﴭَﺮ ٍة ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﴭ ِﺎر اﻟ َﺒﻠ � ِ‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬‫�ادات لﻠ َﻘﻮار� ِﺮ ْ ِ‬‫وﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﳯﺎ َﺳﺪ ٌ‬
‫ﯿﲏ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ )‪ ،(phellos‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﻔ ِﻠ ّﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(phellinos) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻔ ِﻠ ّ ِ ّ‬
‫ﻓَنﺎر‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺒﺎح َﻛﺒﲑٌ ﯾ َ ِ �ﱲ ﻧ َْﺼ ُﺒﻪ �ﲆ ﺑِﻨﺎ ٍء �ﺎلٍ دا ِ� َﻞ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﯾُﴤ ُء �‬
‫لﻠﺴ ُﻔ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ ُنﺎر‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﺼ ٌ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ ٌف ﻋﻦ اﳌَﻨﺎر‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌﻮا �م ﯾُﻄ ِﻠ َ‬
‫ﻘﻮن‬ ‫و�ﺎء ﰲ اﳌُﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ َاﻟﻮﺳ�ﯿﻂِ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �‬ ‫ﻻ ْٕرﺷﺎ ِدﻫﺎ‪َ .‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َل ﺑأٔ �ن )اﻟ َﻔ َنﺎر(‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫نﺎر‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﰟ اﻟ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫�ﲆ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻨﺎر ا َ‬
‫ﻨﺎر( ﺧ ََﻄأ�‪ ،‬وٕاﻧ �ﲈ ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،(phanarion) :‬‬ ‫َ ْﲢﺮ ٌﯾﻒ لﻠَ ْﻔﻆِ )اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫َﺼﻐﲑ‪ (phanos) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ِﳌﺸ َﻌﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗ ُ‬
‫ِﻓ ْن�ﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻔنْ ُ‬
‫�ﺎن‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘﺪَ ُح �‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪۳۳٤‬‬
‫ا�� ِس ُﲻﻮ ًﻣﺎ‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﻨﮕﺎن(‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َ ٔ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪:‬‬
‫�ﻟﻼ ِم‪ ،‬ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُﺎي‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﺗ َِﻨﻄ ُﻘﻪ �‬ ‫ُﴩ ُب ﻓيﻪ �‬ ‫ﻮب �ا�ي � َ‬ ‫�ﺎن( ا�ٓ َن ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ ُﻜ ِ‬ ‫)اﻟ ِﻔنْ ُ‬
‫ِﻓ ْن�ﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُنْﺪاق‪:‬‬
‫ﻬﻮر ﻓيﻪ اﻟﻘﺎف‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪاق‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ْﺸ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﺎب‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ِ‬
‫�ﻟﻘﺎف‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻘنْ ُ‬ ‫ﺪاق‪َ :‬ﲱﯿﻔ ُﺔ ا ِﳊ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔنْ ُ‬
‫ﻗيﻖ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ )ﻗنﺪﻗيﻮن(‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻮﻧﺘﺎ�ﯿﻮن(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ا ِﳉ ْ ُ� �اﻟﺮ ُ‬
‫�� َﺻﻐﲑٌ ‪ ،‬و �أ�ْﺸﻮد ٌة دﯾني� ٌﺔ ﻗَﺼﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﻪ‪َ :‬وﺛﯿﻘ ٌﺔ َر ْﲰ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ � ٌ‬ ‫ﰲ �ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُ ْنﺪُ ق‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﲋ ُل اﳌُﻌ �ﺪ‬‫اﻟﻄ ُﺮ ِق واﳌَﺪا�ِ ِﻦ وﯾ َ ِﲋ ُ� اﻟﻨ� ُﺎس‪ٔ ،‬أو � ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ �‬ ‫اﳋﺎن �ا�ي ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔنْﺪُ ُق‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﻻٕﻗﺎﻣ ِﺔ اﳌُﺴﺎ ِﻓﺮ َ�ﻦ � ٔ� ْﺟ ِﺮ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ )ﻓَنﺎ ِدق(‪.‬‬
‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫ﳼ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ َﺑﺼ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْن ٍ‬
‫ﻈﻮر ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِ‬
‫َﲱﯿ ٌﺢ؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑ َ ْﻨﺪُ َﺧ ُيﻮن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَ ْ َﲋج‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﻮن‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ و�َ ْﺮﻗُ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ ْ َﲋ ُج‪َ :‬ﻃﺮﯾﻘ ٌﺔ َﻟﺮ ْﻗ ِﺺ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس ﯾَأٔ� ُُﺬ ﻓﳱﺎ ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﻢ ﯾَﺪَ ٍ‬
‫ا�� ْﺳ� ْﺘبَنْ ْﺪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻌ �� ُﺎج‪:‬‬
‫َﻋ ْﻜ َﻒ اﻟﻨ�بيﻂِ ﯾَﻠ َﻌ َ‬
‫ﺒﻮن اﻟ َﻔ ْ َﲋ�ﺎ‬
‫َﺮي‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪) :‬ﺑﲋﻩ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘ َ ْﻨ َ�ﻪ( ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﺼﲔ ﯾَأٔ� ُُﺬ ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﻢ ﺑ َﯿ ِﺪ ﺑ َ ْﻌ ٍﺾ‪ ،‬و)ﭘﻨ�ﻪ( ِﻣﻦ )ﭘ ْﻨ ْﺞ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ �ﻒ؛ ٔ� �ن �اﻟﺮا ِﻗ َ‬
‫َ ْﲬﺴ ٍﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻓﺴ ِّﻤ َﯿ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻜ �ﻒ ﻛﺬ�؛ ٔ� �ن ﻟﻬﺎ ٔأﺻﺎ ِﺑ َﻊ َ ْﲬ ًﺴﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ِﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑ َ ْﻨ َ� ْﻚ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۳٥‬‬
‫يﺖ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪) :‬ﭘﻨﺠﲀن(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِﻜّ ِ‬ ‫ﻈﻮر ﻋﻦ ا ِ�ﻦ ِ ّ‬ ‫وﻧ َ َﻘ َﻞ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫)اﻟﻔنﺠﲀن(‪ِ ،‬و� اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮﻟَﲔِ ﺧ ََﻄأٔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَنَﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔنَ ُﻚ واﻟ َﻔنَ ُﺞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ ُو �ا�ي ﯾُﻠبَ ُﺲ‪ٔ ،‬أو َﺣ َيﻮ ٌان ﯾُﺆ� َُﺬ ِﻣنﻪ ٔأﻓْﻀَ ُﻞ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ اﻟ ِﻔﺮا ِء؛‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ ﯾ َ ِﺼ ُﻒ ّ ِا��َﻜ َﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫ﻮق‬‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫ٔ�ﻧ �ﲈ ﻟَب َِﺴ ْﺖ ٔأو �أﻟْب َِﺴ ْﺖ ﻓَنَ ًﲀ * ﻓ َﻘﻠ � َﺼ ْﺖ ِﻣﻦ َﺣﻮاﺷ�ﯿ ِﻪ ﻋﻦ �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻓَنَ ْﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻓﻬْ ِﺮس‪:‬‬
‫تﺎب �ا�ي ُﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻓيﻪ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ُء اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ِﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ� ْﺪو ٌل ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ ٔأ �و ِل‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻔﻬْ ِﺮ ُس‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬
‫تﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﯿﻞ ﯾَﻀَ ُﻊ ﻓيﻪ اﳌُﺆ ِﻟ ّ ُﻒ ﻗَﻮ ِ َاﰂ ﺑآٔ ْﺳﲈ ِء ﻣﺎ ﺗ َ‬
‫َﻨﺎو َ� اﻟ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫تﺎب ٔآو ﰲ آ ٓ ِﺧ ِﺮﻩ ﲟ َ ِﲋ� ا�� ِ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬
‫ﻌﲔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓَﻬ َْﺮ َس‬
‫ﺗيﺐ ُﻣ � ٍ‬ ‫ﺼﻮل وا ٔ�ﺑْﻮ ِاب ٔأو ا ٔ� ْ�ﻼ ِم َ ْﺑﱰ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻬﺎرس‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓَﻬ َْﺮ َﺳ ًﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﻓَ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﻓﻬ َْﺮ ْﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُ �ﻮة‪:‬‬
‫ﺜﲑ اﳌﺎ ِء‪ْ ُ � ،‬ﺴ�ﺘ�ْﺪَ ُم ﻣﺎ ُؤﻩ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺬور َﺷﺪﯾﺪ ِة اﳊُ ْﻤﺮ ِة‪َ ،‬ﻛ ُ‬‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ �ﻮةُ‪ :‬ﻋ ُْﺸ ٌﺐ ذو ﺑُ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮف‪.‬‬ ‫وﺻ ْﺒﻎ ِ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ و �‬ ‫واﻟﻨ� ْﻘ ِﺶ َ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑﻮﺗﻪ(‪ ،‬وﺧ �َﻄأ� ا�� ْﻛﺘ ُﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻓﻮ�(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ﰲ ذ�‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻮ �‬

‫‪۳۳٦‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻓُ َﻮط‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب ﰷﻧ َﺖ ُﲡﻠَ ُﺐ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ� ْﻨ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وﱔ �َﻠﯿﻈ ٌﺔ وﻗَﺼﲑ ٌة � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ َﻣآ ٓ ِز َر‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ َﻮ ُط‪ِ :‬ﺛ ٌ‬
‫�ُﺸَ �ﺪ �ﲆ َاﻟﻮ َﺳﻂِ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدُ‪ :‬ﻓُﻮﻃ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪ :‬ﻓَ �ﻮ َﻃﻪ ﺗَ ْﻔﻮ ًﯾﻄﺎ‪ :‬إذا‬
‫ٔأﻟْبَ َﺴﻪ اﻟ ُﻔﻮﻃ َﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ َد َ� َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ إﱃ اﻟﻌﺎ ِّﻣي� ِﺔ ا ِﳌ ْﴫﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ‬‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ� ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑﻮﺗﻪ(‪ْ ،‬‬
‫�ﲆ ا ِﳌنْﺸَ ﻔ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﺒﺪو ٔأ �ن ا ْﺳ� ِﺘﻌﲈﻟَﻬﺎ ِﻣنْﺸَ ﻔ ًﺔ ا ْﺳ� ِﺘﻌﲈ ٌل ﻗَﺪﱘٌ؛ ٕا ْذ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ ﺑ َ �ﻄﻮﻃ َﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻼ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻔ َﻮ ِط؛ ٕا ْ�ﺪاﻫﺎ ﯾ َ ِﲋ ُل ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ دا ِ� ٍﻞ ﯾُ َﻌﻄﻰ ﺛَ ً‬ ‫ﺎﻣﺎت ﺑَﻐْﺪادَ‪) :‬و �‬ ‫َﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ َ �ﲪ ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﳌﺎء ﻋﻦ َﺟ َﺴ ِﺪﻩ(‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺮو�ﻪ‪ ،‬وا ��ﺧﺮى ﯾُن َ ِ ّﺸ ُﻒ ﲠﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ�‪ ،‬وا ��ﺧﺮى ﯾ َ � ِﱱ ُر ﲠﺎ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﺧ ِ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ُد ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُﻮل‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺎن واﳊَ َﯿﻮ ِان‪ ،‬اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة ِﻣنﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻀﺎء � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ َﻃﻌﺎ ًﻣﺎ ﻟ ٕﻼ� ْ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺎر ﺑ َ ْﯿ َ‬‫َﺒﺎت ذو ٔأ ْز ٍ‬‫ﻮل‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔ ُ‬
‫ﻮل‪ ،‬وﯾَﻨبُ ُﺖ ٔأ ْﺻ ًﻼ ﰲ ﺑِﻼ ِد ﻓﺎ ِر َس ٔأو ﰲ ٕاﻓْﺮﯾﻘي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓُﻮ ٌ�‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ �ﻮ ُال ﻫﻮ �ﺋِ ُﻊ اﻟ ُﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻓﻮل(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻄ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(faba‬وﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓُﻮﻻذ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻠْ ِﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠْ ِﺐ‪ ،‬وﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ َﲞﻠْﻂِ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻔﻮﻻ ُذ‪ :‬اﳊَﺪﯾﺪُ اﳌُﻨﻘ�ﻰ ِﻣﻦ اﳋَ َﺒ ِﺚ‪ ،‬وﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫ﻨﺎﴏ �أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑ َﻌ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﻮﻻد(‪.‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَ ْيﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﺎن اﳌ ُ ْﻨﺘ ِﻘ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ﺑ َ َ ٍ� إﱃ ﺑ َ َ ٍ� ﺳﺎ ِﻋ ًﯿﺎ �ﲆ ﻗَﺪَ َﻣيﻪ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ ْي ُﺞ‪َ :‬ر ُ‬
‫ﺳﻮل �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋِﺞ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﯿﮓ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۳۷‬‬
 ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑﯿ ُﻜنﻮن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَ ْﲑوز‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ ْﲑ ُوز‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺮ َﻛﺮ ٌﱘ ٔأ ْز َر ُق الﻠ � ْﻮن‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﴫ واﳌ ُ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎرك‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﭘﲑوز(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ْﻨ ِ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَﲑوس‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﺮد ِة‪ ،‬ﺗَتَﺴب� ُﺐ ﰲ اﻻٕﺻﺎﺑ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎت دَﻗيﻘ ٌﺔ �ﺪ�ا ﻻ �ُﺮى �ﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ اﳌ ُ �‬ ‫وس‪ :‬ﰷﺋِ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ ْﲑ ُ‬
‫ﺪاث َ�ﻠَ ٍﻞ ﰲ َوﻇﺎﺋِ ِﻒ‬ ‫� ٔ� ْﻣﺮ ِاض‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ �ﲆ �َﺮا ِﻣ َﺞ ﺗُﺼ �ﻤ ُﻢ ٕﻻ ْ� ِ‬
‫اﺳيﺐ ا�آﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪) :‬ﻓَ ْﲑوﺳﺎت(‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊَﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻻﺗيﲏ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ّﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ واﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(virus) :‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� �‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَيْﺸَ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺎرج‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ِم اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﺸَ ّﻬِﯿﻪ‪.‬‬‫ﺑﲔ ﯾَﺪَ ِي �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ ْيﺸَ ﻔﺎ ِر ُج‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﻃ ِﻌﻤ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﻘ �ﺪ ُم ْ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎرﻩ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮعٍ ِﻣﻦ اﳊَﻠْﻮى اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ ا�� ِ‬
‫ﻗيﻖ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑِي ْﺸ� َ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‬‫ﻼث ﻟُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎركْ (‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﺛَ ُ‬ ‫و �اﻟﺰﯾْ ِﺖ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ر ِاﺟ ٌﻊ إﱃ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺑِي ْﺸ� َ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ َﺔ ﻧ ََﻄ َﻘ ْﺖ ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ‬‫ﺒﺎرج‪ ،‬و ُﺷ�ﺒﺎ ِرق‪� ،‬‬ ‫ُ� ِﺬ َف ﻓﳱﺎ اﳉ ُْﺰ ُء ا ٔ� �و ُل؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ُ :‬ﺷﻔﺎ ِرج‪ُ ،‬ﺷ� ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ ا� ُﻦ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ � َ َﺴ َﺐ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪) :‬ﺑيﺸ�ﺒﺎرج(‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪ :‬ا ��وﱃ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ﰲ ) ُﺷ�ﺒﺎ ِرق( إﱃ َاﻟﻮ ْ ِﱒ؛ ٕا ْذ َ�ﻠَﻂَ ﻓﳱﺎ ْ َ‬
‫الﻠ � ْﺤ ِﻢ اﳌ َ ْﻄﺒﻮخِ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜ�ﺎ ِﻧﯿ ُﺔ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳊَﻠْﻮى؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ‪) :‬و ُﺷ�ﺒﺎ ِر ٌق‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﺎرا وﯾُﻄ َﺒﺦُ ‪َ ،‬ز َ ُﲻﻮا‪ِ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫�ﺒﺎر ْﻩ‪ ،‬وﻟَ ْﺤ ٌﻢ ُﺷ�ﺒﺎ ِر ٌق‪ :‬ﯾُ �ﻘﻄ ُﻊ ِﺻ ً‬
‫� ُ َﺴ ِّﻤﯿﻪ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُس ﺑيﺸ َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓَ ْﳱَﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ َو ْﺻ ٌﻒ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْوﺻﺎ ِﻓﻬﺎ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻔ ْﳱَ ُﺞ‪ :‬ا ٌ‬
‫ﲀل ﺑﻪ اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﻣﻌ َﺒﺪُ ُ�ﻦ َﺳ ْﻌﻨ َﺔ اﻟﻀ� ِ ّ �ﱯ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﻓي ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ �ُ ُ‬ ‫�‬

‫‪۳۳۸‬‬
 ‫ٔأ َﻻ � ْاﺻ َﺒ�ﺎﱐ ﻓَ ْﳱَ ً�ﺎ َﺟ ْيﺪَ رﯾ � ًﺔ * ﲟﺎ ِء َﲮ ٍﺎب �َﺴ�ﺒ ُِﻖ اﳊ �َﻖ � ِﻃﲇ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻓَ ْيﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎﺑﻮس‪:‬‬
‫ﲈن ِ�ﻦ اﳌُﻨ ِﺬ ِر؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ُﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻮس‪ُ :‬ﻛ ْﻨﯿ ُﺔ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫� اﻟﻨ� ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻮس‪ٌ َ َ� :‬ﲅ ٔأ َﲺ �‬
‫ﻤﻲ‪ ،‬و ٔأﺑﻮ َ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻮس ٔأ ْو�َﺪَ ﱐ * وﻻ ﻗَﺮ َار �ﲆ َز �أ ٍر ِﻣﻦ ا �� َﺳ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻧ ُ ِ ّﺒئْ ُﺖ ٔأ �ن ٔأ� َ‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫� * َرﺑﯿ ُﻊ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس واﻟ َﺒ َ ُ� اﳊَﺮا ُم‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻮس ﳞَ ِ ْ‬
‫� ٔأﺑﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎٕن ﳞَ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻠﻮك اﻟﻜيﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�ﺎ ِﻟ ًﺒﺎ‬‫ﰟ ٔ� َ� ِﺪ اﳌ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﰷووس‪ /‬ﰷوس(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﯿﲀو ْس(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓتﻜﻮن ) َﻛ ُ‬‫اﻃﻮر‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫� ٔأو ا ٕﻻ ْﻣﱪ ُ‬ ‫)ﰾ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾُﺬ َﻛ ُﺮ ﻗ ْبﻠَﻬﺎ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎر‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎر واﻟ ِﻘ ُﲑ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ �د ٌة َﺳ ْﻮدا ُء ﺗ ُْﻄﲆ ﲠﺎ ا ٕﻻ ِﺑ ُﻞ إذا �أﺻ ْﯿبَ ْﺖ �ﳉ ََﺮ ِب‪ ،‬وﺗ ُْﻄﲆ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫ﴪ ِب إ�ﳱﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ّ ِاﻟﺰﻓْ ُﺖ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪) :‬ﻗَ � ْﲑ ُت‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﻔ ُﻦ ﻟ َﯿﻤﻨَ َﻊ اﳌﺎ َء ِﻣﻦ اﻟت � َ �‬
‫�‬
‫ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ َﺔ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻃﻠَ ْﯿﳤُ ﺎ �ﻟﻘﺎر؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻟﻮﻋﯿ ِﺪ ٔ�ﻧ �ﲏ * إﱃ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس َﻣ ْﻄ �ﲇ ﺑﻪ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎر ٔأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُب‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ﺗ ْ َُﱰﻛ�ﲏ َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﲑا(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻓﳱﺎ َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻛﲑوس(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫�‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۳۹‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎزوزة‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴩ ِاب‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ُﺔ اﳉَ ْﻌ �‬
‫ﺪي‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻘﺎﻗُ �ﺰ ُة واﻟﻘﺎﻗﻮز ُة واﻟﻘﺎزوزةُ‪ :‬إ� ٌء ِﻣﻦ آٓﻧﯿ ِﺔ �‬
‫ٔ� ِ ّﱐ ٕاﻧ �ﲈ � َد ْﻣ ُﺖ ِﻛ ْﴪى * ﻓﲇ ﻗﺎﻗُ �ﺰ ٌة و ُ� اﺛْن َ ِ‬
‫تﺎن‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﺰﻗﺰا(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻜﻮب‪.‬‬‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُبﺎذ‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ِ :‬ﺣنْﻄ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﴍو َان‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ﻠﻮك اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ و ِ ُا� ِﻛ ْﴪى �أ ِ ْ‬ ‫� ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻗُبﺎ ُذ‪ :‬ا ُ‬
‫ﰟ َﻣ ِ ٍ‬
‫� ﻗُبﺎذ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗُبﺎذﯾ � ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻋَﺘﯿﻘ ٍﺔ َردﯾﺌ ٍﺔ‪�ٔ ،‬ﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ َﻋﻬْ ِﺪ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫�ﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗُبﺎد(‪.‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَب�ﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﲔ �ﻠﯿﻪ‪َ ،‬ورﺋ ُيﺴﻪ �ا�ي‬ ‫ﻼن‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أ ٌ‬ ‫ﻼن ﻗَب� ٌﺎن �ﲆ ﻓُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻓُ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘب� ُﺎن‪ :‬اﳌﲒ ُان‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﴚ َء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻼق اﻟ َﻘب� ِﺎن �ﲆ اﳌﲒ ِان َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪ ،‬وﻗَ � َﱭ �‬ ‫ﯾَتْ َب ُﻊ ٔأ ْﻣ َﺮﻩ‪ ،‬وٕا ْﻃ ُ‬
‫ٔأي‪َ :‬و َزﻧ َﻪ �ﻟ َﻘب�ﺎن‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻛﭙﺎن(‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْبﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ ْب ُﺞ‪ :‬اﳊَ َ� ُﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻃﺎ�ِ ٌﺮ ﰲ َﺣ ْﺠ ِﻢ اﳊَﲈ ِم‪َ ،‬ﻃ ّﯿ ٌِﺐ ﻟَ ْﺤ ُﻤﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْ َﲪ ُﺮ ا ِﳌ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎر و ّ ِاﻟﺮ ْ�ﻠَﲔِ ‪،‬‬
‫وان‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻘ ْب� ُﺔ ﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ �ا� َﻛ ِﺮ وا ��ﻧْﱺ‪ ،‬وﻟ �� َﻛ ِﺮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َﳜ َﺘ �ﺺ ﺑﻪ وﻫﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻜ َﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻘﻮب‪.‬‬‫ﯾ َ ْﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪�) :‬ﺒﺞ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي‬ ‫ﻈﻮر و �اﻟﺰ �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ :‬ﮔﺒﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﴘ وا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ِﺷﲑ وﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَ ْي �‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ِﻣ ْﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْبﻂُ‪ :‬ا ٌ‬
‫‪۳٤۰‬‬
 ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(aigyptos) :‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻗ ْبﻄﺎن‪:‬‬
‫وﲻﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻄﺎن‪ُ :‬ر �� ُن ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﺋِﺪُ اﳉَ ْي ِﺶ‪َ ،‬وﲻﯿﺪُ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِم‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْب ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(capitano) :‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻗ ْﺮ َﻃﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ� ،‬ﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ اﻟ َﻘ َبﺎ َء‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻗَ ْﺮ َﻃ ْﻘ ُتﻪ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ َﻃ ُﻖ واﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻃ ُﻖ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻓتَ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻃ َﻖ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ٔ :‬أﻟْبَ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻪ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ َﻃﻖ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛ ْﺮﺗَﻪْ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮﺗﻚ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ ْﺮِﻗﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﻮض ٔأو اﻟ َﺒ �ﻖ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﲔ ٔأو َ ْﴰ ٌﻊ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﰲ اﳋ ْ َِﱲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮِﻗ ُﺲ‪ٌ :‬‬
‫ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ :‬ا ِﳉ ْﺮ ِﺟﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ِﻣﳯﺎ؛ ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﺟﺮﺟﺸﺖ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ا ِ�ﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ِ ّي الﻠ � ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬‫ﻈﻮر‪ ،‬و �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮ�ﺲ(‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ‬ ‫)‪ ،(gargsa‬وﻫﻮ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮ ٌد ﰲ َاﻟﱪاﻫﲔِ ا ِﳊ ِ ّﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأﯾ�ﺪَ ذ� �اﻟﺮ ٔأ َي ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫�اﻟﺮﺣﲓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُ ْﺮﻗﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﻮن َﻃﻮﯾ ً�؛ ﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺰ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﻔ ِﻦ اﻟ�ﱵ �َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮر‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻗﻮر ﺳﺎجٍ ﺳﺎ ُ�ﻪ َﻣ ْﻄ �ﲇ‬ ‫ﻗُ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫�ﻟﻘﲑ واﻟﻀ� �ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎت َﻧز َْﱪ �ي‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻗﲑ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ُوﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ﻗَﺮ َ‬

‫‪۳٤۱‬‬
 ‫اﻗﲑ اﻟﻨ�بيﻂِ �ﲆ اﻟ ِﺘّ ِ‬
‫ﻼل‬ ‫ﻗَﺮ َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﺮﻗﻮرا(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫َﺳﻔيﻨ ٌﺔ ﺧَﻔيﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ ِﺮ �ﱃ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ َﻚ ا ْﺧ ِتﻄﺎﻓًﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ َﻚ‪ِ ،‬ﺟ ْﺴ ُﻤﻪ َﺻﻐﲑٌ ‪ْ َ ،‬ﳜ ِﺘﻄ ُﻒ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ِﺮ �ﱃ‪ :‬ﻃﺎ�ِ ٌﺮ ﯾ َ ْﺼﻄﺎ ُد �‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ا �ٕﻻ ُﻣ َﺮﻓْ ِﺮﻓًﺎ �ﲆ �ﺎ ِﻧ ِﺐ اﳌﺎ ِء‪ ،‬ﯾَﻀَ ُﻊ َﻋ ْﯿﻨًﺎ ﰲ اﳌﺎ ِء ﻟ َﯿﻠْﺘ ِﻘﻂَ ﻓَﺮ�ﺴ� َﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َﴎﯾ ًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺣ َﺰ ُم ِﻣﻦ ِﻗ ِﺮ �ﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴬ ُب ﺑﻪ اﳌَﺜَ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﯾَﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫و َﻋ ْﯿﻨًﺎ �أﺧﺮى ﰲ اﻟﻬَﻮا ِء َ� َﺬ ًرا؛ ِ�ا ﯾُ َ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪�ْ :‬ﻦ َ� ِﺬ ًرا ﰷﻟ ِﻘ ِﺮ �ﱃ؛ إن ر ٔأى‬ ‫و ٔأﺧ َْﻄ ُﻒ ِﻣﻦ ِﻗ ِﺮ �ﱃ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْ� َﺬ ُر ِﻣﻦ ِﻗ ِﺮ �ﱃ‪ ،‬وﯾﻘﻮ َ‬
‫ﴍا ﺗ ََﻮ �ﱃ‪.‬‬‫� ْ ًَﲑا ﺗَﺪَ �ﱃ‪ ،‬وٕان ر ٔأى َ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﻮرﱃ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ ْﺮ ِﻣﺰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮ ِﻣ ُﺰ‪ِ :‬ﺻ ْﺒ ٌﻎ ٔأ ْ َﲪﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﻗ ْﺮ ِﻣﺰ(‪.‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ ْﺮ ِﻣيﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮ ِﻣيﺪُ واﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻣﺪُ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ا�ٓ ُﺟ �ﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﺣ�ﺎر ٌة ﺗ �ُﻌﺮ ُض لﻠ ِﻨّﲑ ِان ُ �ﰒ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم ﰲ ِﻃﻼ ِء‬
‫ﺎﻣﺎت �ﺎ �ﺻ ًﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻣﺪُ ‪:‬‬
‫ﲳ �ﻌﻲ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم ﰲ ِﻃﻼ ِء اﳊَ �ﻤ ِ‬ ‫ا ٔ� ْﺣﻮ ِاض‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْ َ‬
‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ﯾُ ْﻄﲆ ّ ِلﻠﺰﯾﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ� ﻟيَﺸ َﻤ َﻞ �‬ ‫ﺒﲏ �ﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮﻣي ِﺪ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ إﳖ� ﻢ ﺗ ََﻮ �ﺳﻌﻮا ﰲ َﻣ ْﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﳌ َ �‬
‫ﯿﺐ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻄ �ﲇ ﲠﲈ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﻟﻨ�ﺎﺑِﻐ ِﺔ ﯾ َ ِﺼ ُﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ‬ ‫�ﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮ ِان و ِّ‬
‫ﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب ُﻣ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻣ ٌﺪ �‬
‫َر َﻛ َﺐ ا ْﻣﺮ ٔأ ٍة‪:‬‬
‫راﰊ اﳌ َ َﺠ �ﺴ ِﺔ �ﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺒﲑ ُﻣ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻣ ِﺪ‬
‫�ﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮان‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻄ ِ �ﲇ �‬
‫‪۳٤۲‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺮاﻣيﺪا(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا�ٓ ُﺟ ّ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﳌ�ﺎ ٔآﻋ َْﺮﺑﻮﻩ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﻗَﺮاﻣيﺪُ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮاﻓَ َﻖ‬
‫ِﻨﺎء ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﳉَ ْﻤﻊِ‪ ،‬ﻓأٔ�َﺬوا ِﻣنﻪ اﳌ ُ َﻔﺮدَ‪ِ :‬ﻗ ْﺮﻣي ٌﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﺮ َﻣ ٌﺪ‪ِ ،‬و�ا ا ْﺷ�ﳤَ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ )ﻗَﺮاﻣيﺪ(‬ ‫ﺑ ً‬
‫ﻬﻮر �ﲆ ٔأﻟْ ِﺴنﳤِ ﻢ ﻗَﺮاﻣيﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫�ﲆ ٔأﻟْ ِﺴ�ﻨ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌﻮا ِّم؛ ﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺰ �‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي‪) :‬واﳌ َ ْﺸ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ َ ﻧﺮْ ُﻔﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﴭﺮِﺗﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ْﻣ ُﺮ ُؤ اﻟ َﻘيْ ِﺲ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺒﺎت َزﻫ ُْﺮﻩ َﻃ ّﯿ ُِﺐ �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُﻞ َ َ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ َ ﻧﺮْ ُﻔ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫اذا اﻟْ َﺘ َﻔتَ ْﺖ َ ْﳓﻮي ﺗَﻀَ �ﻮ َع ر ُﳛﻬﺎ * �َﺴ� َﲓ �‬
‫اﻟﺼﺒﺎ �ﺎ َء ْت ِ� َﺮ �� اﻟ َﻘ َ ﻧﺮْ ُﻔ ِﻞ‬
‫�‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪﯾ � ِﺔ ٔأو ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫)‪.(karyofyllon‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ّﺰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ �ﺰ‪ :‬اﳊَﺮ ُ�ﺮ اﳋﺎ ُم‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﻗُﺰوز‪.‬‬
‫َﺮي وا ُ�ﻦ ِﺳ�ﯿﺪَ ْﻩ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬و�ﺎﻟَ َﻒ ﰲ ذ� ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ َﻓﺬ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‬ ‫َﺮي وا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻛﮋ‪ /‬كﺞ‪ /‬ﻗﺰ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ ْﺴﻄﺎر‪:‬‬
‫اﱒ‪،‬‬‫اﻟﺼ ْ َﲑ �ﰲ �ا�ي ﯾَنْت ِﻘﺪُ ا�� ر ِ َ‬ ‫ﻄﺮي واﻟ َﻘ ْﺴ َﻄ ُﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ �‬ ‫ﻄﺎر واﻟ َﻘ ْﺴ �‬ ‫ﻄﺎر واﻟ َﻘ ْﺴ ُ‬‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُ‬
‫اﱒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ا ِﳉﻬْﺒ ُِﺬ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻦ ﯾَﻘﻮ ُم‬ ‫وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪ :‬ﻗَ ْﺴ َﻄ َﺮ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻧْ َﺘ َﻘﺪَ ا�� ر ِ َ‬
‫ﺆون اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮﯾ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳉَﺴ� ُﲓ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘﺴﺎ ِﻃﺮ ِة؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫�ﲆ ُﺷ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫�‬
‫وب ِﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ َﻘﺴﺎ ِﻃﺮ ْة‬‫َد� ُﻧﲑ� ِﻣﻦ ﻗَ ْﺮ ِن ﺛَ ْﻮ ٍر وﱂ �َ ُﻜ ْﻦ * ِﻣﻦ ا ��ﻫ َِﺐ اﳌ َ ْﴬ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(quaestor) :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ٔ�ﻫ ِْﻞ �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫و�ﺎز�ً ٔ� ْﻣﻮ ِال ا�� ْو ِ�‪ ،‬و َد َ� َﻞ إﱃ � ْ‬ ‫وﻣﺎن ﯾَﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ �ﺋِ ًﺒﺎ �ﺎ �ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻮﻇ ٌﻒ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﴫاﻓ َﺔ ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْ َﲑ ِ ّﰲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ �ٕن ِ ّ‬
‫اﳋﺎز ِن‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ �‬ ‫)ﻗﺴﻄﺎور( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬‬
‫‪۳٤۳‬‬
‫"اﻟﺮ ُ� ِﻞ اﳉَﺴ ِ�ﲓ" ﻓﻠَﻌ �ﻞ اﻟ َﻘﺴﺎ ِﻃﺮ َة‬ ‫َﻨﺎوﻟَ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُب‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫)ﻗﺎﺳﻄﲑ�(‪ ،‬وﲠِ ﺬا اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﺗ َ‬
‫ﰷن ﳍﻢ � َ ْﺴﻄ ٌﺔ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺟﺴﺎ ِﻣﻬﻢ؛ ﻓأ� ِ� َﺬ ِﻣنﻪ ذ� اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮو ِم َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ َﻔﺪان‪:‬‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ� ُﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻼف اﳌ ُ ْﻜ ُ� ِ�‪ ،‬واﳌ ُ ْﻜ ُ� ُ� ﱔ اﻟ ِﻮ�ﺎ ُء �ا�ي ُ‬ ‫ﺪان‪ُ �ِ :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ َﻔ ُ‬
‫واﻟ َﻘ َﻔﺪاﻧ ُﺔ ﱔ َﺧﺮﯾﻄ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻌ �ﻄ ِﺎر اﻟ�ﱵ َﳛ ِﻤ ُﻞ ﻓﳱﺎ ٔأ َدوا ِﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)ﻛﻒ(‪،‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ْﻔﺪان(‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪ْ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫اﻟﻈ ْﺮﻓي�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻌﲔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ� ِﻞ‪ ،‬و)دان(‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻻ ِﺣﻘ ٌﺔ ﺗُﻔيﺪُ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ُﻣ � ٌ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْﻔﺶ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﻔ ُﺶ‪ :‬اﳋ �ُﻒ ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ اﳋ �ُﻒ اﳌ َ ْﻘﻄﻮ ُع �ا�ي ﱂ ُﲢ َ ْﲂ َﺻ ْﻨﻌ ُﺘﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﳋ �ُﻒ‬
‫اﻟ َﻘﺼﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻈﻮر‪) :-‬ﻛﻔﺞ(‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫َﺮي وﻧ َ َﻘ َ� ﻋﻨﻪ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣ ْن ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ‪-‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ا�دي‪) :-‬ﻛﻔﺶ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ‪-‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﲑوز �‬
‫�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ )اﻟ َﻘ ْﻔﺶ( ﻻ ِﺻ َ� � �ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� �و ِل‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َﻔﺎ� َﻣ ًﻌﲎ آٓﺧ ََﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳋ �‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪� ) :‬أﻓْﺶ(‪.‬‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﲠِ ﺬا اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻮن َ ِ‬‫ﴫ ﯾ َ ِﻨﻄ َ‬‫اﻟ� ُم �ا�ي ﻻ ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ �‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﰲ ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْﻔﺸَ ﻠﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﻔﺸَ ﻠﯿ ُﻞ واﻟ َﻘ ْﻔﺸَ ﻠﯿ ُ�‪ :‬ا ِﳌﻐ َْﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻈﻮر‬‫َﺮي ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ْﻔ َ� ِﻠﲔ(‪ ،‬وﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ا ِ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس ﻟﻜن�ﻪ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ) َﻛ ْﻔ� ِﻠﲒ(‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ِ ) :‬ﻛ ْﺒ َ�ﻼر(‪ ،‬و �‬
‫َﻛ َﺘ َﺒﻪ ﻫﻜﺬا‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ْﻔ� ْﻪ ِﻟﲒ(‪ ،‬وﻛﺬ� َذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪:‬‬
‫) َﻛ ْﻔ�ﻪْ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ِﳌﻠْ َﻌﻘ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ا ِﳌﻐ َْﺮﻓ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)ﻟﲒ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ِﳌﻘ َبﺾ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٤٤‬‬
 ‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ﻈﻮر )اﻟ َﻘ ْﻔﺸَ ﻠﯿ َ�(‪ ،‬وﱔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ) َﻛ ْﻔ� ِﻠ َﲒﻩ(‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﰲ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫) َﻛ ْﻔ� ِﻠﲒ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَﻔﲒ‪:‬‬
‫ﻔﲒ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻜيﺎ ٌل‪ ،‬و ِﻣﺴﺎ� ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﻠﻮﻣ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﻗ ِﻔﺰ ٌة وﻗُ ْﻔﺰان‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻛﻔﲒ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَﻠْﺲ‪:‬‬
‫بﺎل ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻮص‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳊَ ْﺒ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ِﺣ ِ‬ ‫ﲶ ٌﻢ ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ ِﻟ ٍﯿﻒ ٔأو ﺧ ٍ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘﻠْ ُﺲ‪َ :‬ﺣ ْب ٌﻞ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،(kalos) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﻠﺴﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ دَﺧي ٌﻞ ﰲ � ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳊَ ْﺒ ِﻞ اﻟﻀ� ﺨْﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ �ﻼ ٌش �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎل‪ ،‬و �ا�ي ﯾُ َﻌ ِّﻤﻲ �ﲆ ا ��ﻣﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻗَ �ﻼ ٌش‪ :‬ا�� اﻫﯿ ُﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﺤ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗَﻼش(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌُﻔ ِﻠﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ َﻤ ْﻄﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ُﺼﺎن ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ُﻜ ُت ُﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟت � ْﺸﺪﯾ ِﺪ )اﻟ ِﻘ �ﻤﻄﺮةُ( ﺷﺎ ّذ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ َﻤ ْﻄ ُﺮ واﻟ ِﻘ َﻤ ْﻄﺮةُ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻨﺪوق‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﳈﺒﱰا(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻮ�ﺎ ِء و �‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ َﻤ ْﻨ َﺠﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﴘ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪) :‬ﻗَ ْﻤ َﺠ َﺮ(‪ ،‬واﳌَﺼﺪَ ُر‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ْﻨ َﺠ ُﺮ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ �ﻮ ُاس �ا�ي ﯾَﱪي اﻟ ِﻘ ِ �‬
‫اﻟﴚ ِء �ﲆ ا ْٕﻃﻼ ِﻗﻪ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ ﺗَ ْﻐﻄﯿ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِس‬ ‫ﻼح �‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ ْﻤ َﺠﺮ ُة‪ ،‬وﱔ ا ْٕﺻ ُ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ :‬ﻗَ ْﻤ َﺠﺮوا �ﻠﳱﺎ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �اﻟﺮ ِاﺟ ُﺰ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﻟ ِﻐﺮا ِء ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْ� ِﻞ ﺗَ ْﻘﻮ�ﳤِ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬
‫�ﺎ�ﺎ اﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ْﻨ َﺠ ُﺮ‬
‫ﴘ َ‬ ‫ِﻣث َﻞ اﻟ ِﻘ ِ ِ ّ‬

‫‪۳٤٥‬‬
 ‫�ﺎر(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‬ ‫�ﺎر واﻟ ِﻐ ْﻤ َ‬ ‫و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ِﻐﻄﺎ ُء ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻐﺮا ِء‪) :‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﻤ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﻜّﲔِ ‪ ،‬ﻓ�ٔﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻼف ِ ّ‬ ‫َﺮي � َﻣ ًﻌﲎ آٓﺧ ََﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ� ُ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٔ� �ول‪.‬‬
‫ﲈن ﮔﺮ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﻛﲈن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ْ‬
‫اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِس‪ ،‬و)ﮔﺮ(‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻻ ِﺣﻘ ٌﺔ ﺗُﻔيﺪُ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ �‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﻧﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗن�ﺎر‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘن � ُﺎر واﻟ ِﻘن�ﺎرةُ‪ :‬اﳋَ َﺸ�ﺒ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُﻌ ِﻠ ّ ُﻖ �ﻠﳱﺎ اﳉ �َﺰ ُار الﻠ � ْﺤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻛﻨﺎرﻩ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُن � ِﺒﯿﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ‪ ،‬وﻻ �َﺰ ُال‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘن � ِﺒﯿﻂُ‪ٔ :‬أ ْ�ﻠَﻆُ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ ﻧﺮ ُِﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ ْ ﻧﺮ َبيﻂُ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ﺑﻠُﻐ ِﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ﺗﻘﻮﻟُﻬﺎ ﰲ ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ �َ َﺮ ْو َن اﻟ َﺒ َﺼ َﻞ ا ِﳊ ّ ِﺮﯾﻔﺎ * واﻟ ُﻘن � ِﺒﯿﻂَ ُﻣ ْﻌ ِﺠ ًﺒﺎ َﻃﺮﯾﻔﺎ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ‬‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ )‪.(١٠...‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَنْﺪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜ� ُﺮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ْن ِﺪ ﻛﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜ� ُﺮ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜ� ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﯾُﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ِﻣنﻪ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ ْنﺪُ ‪ُ :‬ﻋﺼﺎر ُة ﻗَ َﺼ ِﺐ �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪ِ :‬ﺳﻮ ٌﯾﻖ َﻣ ْﻘنُﻮ ٌد و ُﻣ َﻘن � ٌﺪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻤ ُﻦ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺰﺑْ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫�‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِﻮ َﯾﻖ اﳌ ُ َﻘن�ﺪا‬
‫ﻣﺎن ﯾُ ْﻐ َﺒ ْﻘ َﻦ �‬‫ﻌﺎن َر َ�ﻠْ َﻦ و ِ� ْﺴﻮ ٌة * � َﻜ ْﺮ َ‬ ‫ٔأﻫﺎ َ�ﻚ ٔأ ْﻇ ٌ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ْﻨ ْﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱۰‬ﺳﻘط ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻل‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﻗَنْﺪَ ﻓﲑ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘنْﺪَ ُﻓﲑ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌﺠﻮز‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﮔﻨﺪﻩ ِﭘﲑ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَنْﺪَ ﻓيﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪي‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘنْﺪَ ﻓي ُﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﻀ� ْﺨ ُﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ�ﺎﻗ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻌﻈﳰ ُﺔ �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِس؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳌَﺨْﺮو ُع �‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻌ �‬
‫وﲢﺖ َر ْ�ﲇ ُﺣ �ﺮ ٌة َذ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻮل‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣﺎ�ِﺮ ُة اﻟﻀ� ْﺒ َﻌﲔِ ﻗَنْﺪَ ﻓي ُﻞ‬
‫لﻠ َﻤ ْﺮ ِو ﰲ ٔأﺧْﻔﺎ ِﻓﻬﺎ َﺻﻠﯿ ُﻞ‬
‫وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘنْﺪَ وﯾﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ اﻟ َﻌﻈ ُﲓ �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِس‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾ ُﻞ اﻟ َﻘﻔﺎ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﮔﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﯿﻞ( اﳌُﺮﻛ�ﺒ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﮔﻨﺪﻩ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟﻀ� ْﺨ ِﻢ‪،‬‬
‫و)ﭘﯿﻞ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟﻔيﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُنْ ُﺼﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘنْ ُﺼ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣ َﻤ ِﺜ ّ ُﻞ ا�� ْو ِ� �ى د َْو ٍ� �أﺧﺮى َ ْﳛﻤﻲ ُﺣﻘﻮﻗَﻬﺎ ِوﲡﺎرﲥَ ﺎ وﯾُﺪا ِﻓ ُﻊ ﻋﻦ‬
‫َر ِﻋ �ﯿﳤِ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(consul) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ْﺴتَﺸﺎر‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻗ ْن ِﻘﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘنْ ِﻘ ُﻦ واﻟ ُﻘنﺎ ِﻗ ُﻦ‪ :‬اﳌُﻬَ ْﻨ ِﺪ ُس �ا�ي ﯾُﻘ ِّﺪ ُر َﺣ ْﺠ َﻢ اﳌﺎ ِء ﰲ � ِﻃ ِﻦ ا ٔ� ْر ِض وﯾُﻘ ِّﺪ ُر ‪ِ -‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫�ﺎري اﻟ َﻘنَﻮ ِات‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪) :‬ﻗَنﺎ ِﻗﻦ(‪.‬‬ ‫َ �ﰒ‪َ -‬ﻣ َ‬

‫‪۳٤۷‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ْﻦ( وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﻣ ٌﺮ ِﻣﻦ ) َﻛﻨﺪن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳊَ ْﻔ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳌُﻬَ ْﻨ ِﺪ ِس‪ ،‬و ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﻗ َﺮ َب ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن َ ِﳇﻤ َﺔ )�ﻦ( ﻻ ﺗَأٔﰐ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫�ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ )ﰼ ﰼ(‪ِ ،‬ﺣﲀﯾ ًﺔ َﻟﺼ ْﻮ ِت اﻟﺒ ْ ِِﱤ ْ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَﻬ َْﺮﻣﺎن‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎ�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َاﻟﻮ�ﯿ ُﻞ‬ ‫�ﺎﺻ ِﺔ ِر ِ‬
‫� و ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫ﻣﲔ اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎن واﻟ ُﻘﻬ ُ‬
‫ْﺮﻣﺎن واﻟ َﻘ ْﺮﻫ ُ‬
‫َﲈن‪ٔ :‬أ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘﻬ َْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﲢﺖ ﯾ َ ِﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮر َﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫و ُِ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﰂ ﺑأٔ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ و ٔآ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﻗَ َﺮﻣﺎن( ٔآو ) َﻛﻬ َْﺮﻣﺎن(‪ٔ ،‬آو )ﻗَﻬ َْﺮﻣﺎن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا�ٓ ِﻣ ِﺮ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﳊ ُْﲂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُﻮس‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮﻣﻌ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﺑَيْ ُﺖ �‬
‫اﻟﺼ �ﯿﺎ ِد؛ ﻗﺎ َل َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘ ُﻮس‪َ :‬ﺻ ْﻮﻣﻌ ُﺔ �اﻟﺮا ِﻫ ِﺐ‪ٔ ،‬أو ر ٔأ ُس �‬
‫ﴏﻓَ ْﺖ ِﻫ ْﻨ ٌﺪ وﻟﻮ َوﻗَ َﻔ ْﺖ * ﻻﺳ�ﺘ ْﻔتَﻨَتْﲏ وذا ا ِﳌ ْﺴ َ�ﲔِ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻘ ِﻮس‬ ‫ﻻ َو ْﺻ َﻞ إذ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻮﺷﻪ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬اﻟﺰاوﯾ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو )�ﻮ�ﻪ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ ّ :‬اﻟﺮ�ﺿ ِﺔ واﻟ ُﻌ ْﺰ�‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ا � ْ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎق‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫�اﻟﺰ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُﻮش‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻘ ُﻮش‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ اﻟﻀ� ﺌﯿ ُﻞ ا ِﳉ ْﺴ ِﻢ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﴯ ِﺖ اﳌ َ ْﻨ ِﻜ َبﲔِ ﻗُ ِﻮش‬ ‫ﰲ ِﺟ ْﺴ ِﻢ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛﻮ�ﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْﻮ َﻣﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺖ راﯾ ِﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﲑ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺋِﺪُ ِﻣﻦ ﻗُ �ﻮا ِد �اﻟﺮو ِم �ا�ي ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َﻣ ُﺲ واﻟ ُﻘ �ﻤ ُﺲ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ُ‬
‫ِﻣئﺘﺎ َر ُ� ٍﻞ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ �‬
‫اﻟﴩ ُﯾﻒ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ اﻟ َﻘﲈ ِﻣﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٤۸‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫ﯿﺖ ﺑ ِنئ ِْﻄ ٍﻞ * ا ْذ ﻗي َﻞ َ‬
‫ﰷن ِﻣ َﻦ ِال د َْوﻓَ َﻦ ﻗُ �ﻤ ُﺲ‬ ‫و�َ ِﻠ ْﻤ ُﺖ ٔأ ِ ّﱐ ﻗﺪ ُﻣ ِن ُ‬
‫�‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬‫ﻐﺎﱐ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣﻌ �ﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ �‬
‫ﺣﲓ ِ� اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮﻟَﲔِ ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺬ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﲱ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫َ�‬
‫ﴪ َب‬ ‫ﻣﲑ‪ ،‬و َد َ� َﻞ ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ إﱃ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ � َ �‬ ‫� وا ٔ� ِ‬ ‫ﻼز ِم اﳌ َ ِ ِ‬
‫)‪ ،(comes‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺋيﺲ و ِ‬
‫اﳊﺎﰼ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻗﻮﻣيﺲ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫إﱃ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْي َﴫ‪:‬‬
‫� �اﻟﺮو ِم؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ْﻣ ُﺮ ُؤ اﻟ َﻘيْ ِﺲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﴫ‪ :‬ﻟَ َﻘ ُﺐ َﻣ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْي َ ُ‬
‫�َﲃ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﳌ�ﺎ ر ٔأى ا�� ْر َب دوﻧ َﻪ * و ٔأﯾْ َﻘ َﻦ ٔأ�� ﻻ ِﺣ ِ‬
‫ﻘﺎن ﺑ َﻘ ْي َﴫا‬
‫وﻣﺎﱐ‬
‫� �اﻟﺮ ِ ّ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(caeser) :‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ لﻠ َﻤ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻮك �اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫� ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﯾُﻮﻟْ ُﯿﻮس‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ �أﻃ ِﻠ َﻖ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻩ �ﲆ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﰻ َﻣ ِ ٍ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗَ ْيﻄﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﻮي‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻏُ ْﺮﻓ ُﺔ اﻟﻨ� ْﻮ ِم‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻄﻮن‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ٌﺖ ﰲ ﺑَيْ ٍﺖ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ اﻟ َﺒيْ ُﺖ اﻟ �ﺸ� ْﺘ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ ْي ُ‬
‫اﳌُ�ْﺪَ عُ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ْﲪ ِﻦ ُ�ﻦ �‬
‫ﺣﺴ َﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﴐ�َ ْﳤﺎ * ِﻋ ْﻨﺪَ �َ ْﺮ ِد اﻟ ِ ّﺸ�ﺘﺎ ِء ﰲ ﻗَ ْي ِ‬
‫ﻄﻮن‬ ‫ﻗُب� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َﻣﺮ ِا� ٍﻞ َ َ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌل َﲱ ٌﯿﺢ؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﻔﺎ� و �اﻟﺰ �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳋ �‬
‫�ﱐ ِﻣنﻪ‪) :‬ﻗَ ْيﻄﻮ�(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻏُ ْﺮﻓ ِﺔ اﻟﻨ� ْﻮ ِم‬ ‫اﻟﴪ �‬‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛﻮﯾﺘﻮن( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻏُ ْﺮﻓ ِﺔ اﻟﻨ� ْﻮ ِم‪ ،‬و � ْ‬
‫ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ ،‬وﻏُ ْﺮﻓ ٍﺔ دا�ﻠ �ﯿ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻗ ْﺴ ِﻢ اﻟ ِن ّﺴﺎ ِء ﰲ اﻟ َﺒيْﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٤۹‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬

‫‪ -‬ﰷﺑُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣﺪﯾﻨ ٌﺔ �ﻟﻬِ ْﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﰷﺑﻮس‪:‬‬
‫ﻻن‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﺎروكُ ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀ ُﯿﻖ ﯾ َ َﻘ ُﻊ �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﰂ ﻓ ُي�بَ ُﺲ ﻧ َﻔ ُﺴﻪ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﻠﯿﻪ اﻟ ِﻨّﯿ ِﺪ ُ‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫واﳉﺎﺛﻮم‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ "‪."cobousho‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﰷر �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﴍ �ﰶ ِد ْ� َ�‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﺮﯾ ٍﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َ َﲻ ٍﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻬْﻨ ٍﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﺣ ْﺮﻓ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﺮﯾ ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﻗُﺮى ِ‬
‫اﳌﻮﺻ ِﻞ َ ْ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ ﻗُﺮى �أ ْذ َر َ‬
‫ﺑﯿ�ﺎن‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﰷ�َﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺎس‪َ ،‬و َر ُق اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ "ﰷ�ﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﰷ َﻣﺦ‪:‬‬
‫يﺎس‪ْ َ ،‬ﲨ ُﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل � اﳌ ُ ّ ِﺮ �ي‪ٔ ،‬أو �اﻟﺮدي ُء ِﻣنﻪ‪�ٔ ،‬ﻧ �ﻪ �ﲆ ْ ِ‬
‫�ﲑ ِﻗ ٍ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�ﲀ َﻣﺦُ كﻬﺎ َﺟ َﺮ‪ :‬إدا ٌم ُ‬
‫َﻗيﻖ و ِﻣﻠْ ٍﺢ وﻟَ َ ٍﱭ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺎ ِء‪ُ :‬ﻣ�ﻠ � ٌﻞ �ُﺸَ ﻬِّيﻲ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ َم‪َ ،‬ﻃﻌﺎ ٌم ِﻣﻦ د ٍ‬ ‫" َﻛﻮا ِﻣﺦُ "‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ ّ‬
‫ُﻄﺮ ُح �ﻠﯿﻪ ا ٔ��ر�ﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ ُ �ﰒ ﺗ َ‬
‫ﯾُن َ �ﺸ ُﻒ ﰲ �‬

‫‪۳٥۰‬‬
 ‫ﺴﺎء َﻣ ْﺼﻨﻮ�ًﺎ ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻐ ِ ِ ّْﲇ الﻠ � َ ِﱭ وا�� ِ‬
‫ﻗيﻖ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ " :‬ﰷ َﻣﻪ" وﺗَ ْﻌﲏ َﺣ ً‬
‫و َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ��ر�ﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا�ﲀﻧﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﺎن؛ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ :‬اﳌَﻮ ِﻗﺪُ ‪ ،‬ﰷ�ﲀﻧﻮﻧ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﻼ ﻻ ٍم‪َ ،‬وﺷﻬْﺮ ِان ﰲ اﻟ ِ ّﺸ�ﺘﺎ ِء؛‬ ‫‪ -‬ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ِ� �ﺪ ِة َﻣ ٍ‬
‫ﻧﻮن اﻟﺜ �ﺎﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮن ا ٔ� �و ُل‪ ،‬وﰷ ُ‬ ‫ﰷ ُ‬
‫وﱊ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﰲ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َل اﳋَﻠﯿ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ر �‬
‫‪ -‬ﰷ ِﻫﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﺑﲔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﺎ ِد ُم ّ ِا� ِ�ﻦ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﰲ اﻟ َﻜنيﺴ ِﺔ اﳌَﺴ�ﯿﺤ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﻫﻮ �ا�ي ﯾُﻘ ِّﺪ ُم ا ���ﺋِ َﺢ واﻟ َﻘﺮ َ‬
‫و ُﻣ ّ ِﻘﺮ ُب ا ٔ� ْﻗﺪاس‪.‬‬
‫ﰟ " ِﻛﻬﺎﻧ ٌﺔ"‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ واﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،"kohno" :‬واﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ ِﻣنﻪ " َﻛﻬ ََﻦ" و� ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪.kahene‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛﺒﺎب‪:‬‬
‫ﻮي‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﺤ َﻢ اﳌ َ ْﻔﺮو َم اﳌ َ ْﺸ ِﻮ �ي �ﲆ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎر ُﻣ �ﻘﻄ ًﻌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ َ‬
‫ﺒﺎﱑ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬الﻠ � ْﺤ َﻢ اﳌ َ ْﺸ �‬ ‫‪ -‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ �‬
‫دَ�ﺎ ً�ﺎ ٔأو َ َﲰ ًﲀ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ َﱪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﱊ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺒﺎت � َﺷ ْﻮكٌ َوزﻫ ٌْﺮ ٔأﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ َﲨﯿ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ْﺪﻋﻰ اﳋ َْﺮ َ‬
‫ﻧﻮب �‬
‫اﻟﺸ �‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﴭ َُﺮ ا �� َﺻ ِﻒ‪ ،‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫ﺒﺎر و ٔأ ْﻛﺒﺎر‪.‬‬
‫وﻃ ْﺒ ٌﻞ � َو ْ� ٌﻪ وا ِ� ٌﺪ ٔأو ذو ر ٔأ َﺳﲔِ ‪ْ َ ،‬ﲨ ُﻌﻪ ِﻛ ٌ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪" :‬ﺗَﺒﲑ"‪ ،‬وﻟﻌ �ﻞ ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻞ ﯾﻮ� ّﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬

‫‪۳٥۱‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﻛ ْﱪﯾﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﻗﻮت ا ٔ� ْ َﲪ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎل اﻟﻨ� ِﺎر‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ �ﲆ‬ ‫ﯾﺖ‪ِ :‬ﺣ�ﺎر ٌة � ُ ْﺴ� َﺘ�ﺪَ ُم ﰲ ا ْٕﺷ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻜ ْﱪ ُ‬
‫وا ��ﻫ َِﺐ ا ٔ� ْ َﲪﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ "‪ ،"kebrito‬و َﻛﺬ� اﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ِﻛ ْﱪﯾﺖ" ٔأو � ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛﺘ�ﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ‪َ � ،‬زﻫ ٌْﺮ ٔأ ْز َر ُق ﰲ َﺣ ْﺠ ِﻢ ا ِﳊ �ﻤ ِﺺ‪ ،‬و� ِ� ْﺰ ٌر ﯾُ َ ُ‬
‫ﻌﴫ‬ ‫ﺮوف �ُ َﺰر ُع ﲟِ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻧ َ ْب ٌﺖ َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫ﯿﺎب‪،‬‬‫ﯿﺎف ﺗ َُنﺴ ُﺞ ِﻣﳯﺎ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬ ‫و� ُ ْﺴ� َﺘ ْﺼ َﺒ ُﺢ ﺑﻪ )� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ﺪَ ُم ﰲ ا ِﳌ ْﺼﺒﺎحِ ﻟ ٕﻼﺿﺎء ِة(‪ ،‬و� ٔأﻟْ ٌ‬
‫وﻫﻮ َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعٍ َﻛﺜﲑ ٍة ﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ �ُ َﺰر ُع ِ ْﻟﱫ ِرﻩ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﻀُ ﻬﺎ ٔ�ﻟْﯿﺎ ِﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ "‪ ،"ketono‬و ِﻣنﻪ ﺻﺎﻏﻮا "‪ٔ "koutinto ،koutino‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫واﳌ ُ َﺮ �ﺟ ُﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻤﯿﺺ ﯾَﻠبَ ُﺴﻪ ا�ﲀ ِﻫ ُﻦ( وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ "‪on‬ـ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺺ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻜت� ِﺎن ) َﻛﺘ�ﻮﻧ ٌﺔ ﱔ ﻗَ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗَ ٌ‬
‫‪."khit‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻛﺦْ ِﻛﺦْ ‪:‬‬
‫اﴰ ْﱥاز‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ ّﱯ ﻋﻦ ﺗ َُﻨﺎو ِل ﳾ ٍء‪ ،‬ﻓﻬيﻲ َ ِﳇﻤ ُﺔ َ ْﲢﺬ� ٍﺮ َوز ْﺟ ٍﺮ و ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َز ْﺟ ِﺮ �‬
‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮﺑ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻛ ْﺪﯾ َ ْﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ُﻗﺎق �اﻟﱰ ِاب �ﻠﯿﻪ د ُْر ِد �ي‬ ‫َﻌﻜﲑ �اﻟﺰﯾْ ِﺖ‪ٔ ،‬أو د ِ‬ ‫ﻮن‪ ،‬ﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ا�� روعِ‪ ،‬وﺗ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻛ ِﻔ ْﺮ َﻋ َ‬
‫ُ ْﲡﲆ ﺑﻪ ا�� روع‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ِﺬﯾْﻨﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ �ا�ي ﺗ َْﺪﻋﻮﻩ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ "�ﻮدﯾﻨﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ُﴬ ُب �ﻠﳱﺎ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ُ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣﺪَ ﻗ� ُﺔ اﻟ َﻘ �ﺼ ِﺎر ﺗ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛﺪﯾﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫‪۳٥۲‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ �ﺮاس‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ِﺔ ٔأو ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫راق اﻟ ِﻜتﺎﺑ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ� ٌﺔ ) َدﻓْ َﱰ(‪ ،‬واﳉ ُْﺰ ُء ِﻣﻦ �‬ ‫‪ِّ -‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻔ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْو ُ‬
‫تﺎب‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ " َﻛﺮار ُ�ﺲ" ُوﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ٔأﰷر�ﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ "‪"couroco" "courostho‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ا �ﻟﺴن ْ ِﺴﻜﺮﯾتي� ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ َﻃﺮ ِﯾﻖ � ْ‬
‫و"‪."coursto‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﺮﺑَﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻮت‪ُ ،‬ﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ َﻛﺮاﺑ َِﺞ‬
‫ﻧﻮت اﻟ َﺒﻘ� ِﺎل‪ ،‬وﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ اﳊﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻮت‪ ،‬ا�� �ﰷ ُن‪ ،‬و َﻣتﺎ ُع �ﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳊﺎ ُ‬
‫و َﻛﺮ ِاﲜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛ ْﺮﺑَﻪ" ٔأي‪ :‬اﻟﻐ ُْﺮﻓ ِﺔ اﳌ ُ ْﻌ ِﺘﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣﻌ �ﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﺮﺑَﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬د �ُﰷ ُن اﻟ َﺒﻘ�ﺎل‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ " :‬ﻛ ْﺮﺑَﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﺮﺑَﻼء‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﻜﻮﻓ ِﺔ وا ِﳊ � ِ�‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻗُ ِت َﻞ اﳊُ َﺴ ُﲔ َر َ‬
‫ﴈ ُ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ ٌﻊ ْ َ‬‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻤﻲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ٔأ َﲺ �‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ َﺮج‪:‬‬
‫ﺬان‪ ،‬ﺑَﻨﺎﻫﺎ �يﴗ ُ�ﻦ ٕا ْدر َ�ﺲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْ� �ﲇ‪،‬‬
‫وﳘ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻜ َﺮ ُج ُﻣ َﺤ �ﺮﻛ ًﺔ‪َ :‬ﻣﺪﯾﻨ ٌﺔ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ٔأ ْﺻﳢَ َﺎن َ َ‬
‫واﻟ َﻜ َﺮ ُج ِﻣﻦ ﻗُﺮى ا�ﳯ� ْﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪َ " :‬ﻛ َﺮﻩ"‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ٔأ َﲺ �‬

‫‪۳٥۳‬‬
 ‫‪�� -‬ﺮج‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﺮ َج‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻓَ َﺴﺪَ و�َﻼﻩ ﺧ ُْﴬة‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻛ �ﺮ َج اﳋ ْ ُُﱫ و�َ �‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﺮد‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻜ ْﺮدُ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻨﻖ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " َﻛ ْﺮدَن"‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﺮد‪:‬‬
‫ﺮوف‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا�� ْ�ﺮ ُة ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﺰ ِارعِ‪ ،‬ﺑُ ْﻘﻌ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﺰرو� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﺟي ٌﻞ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫ﲀر َد اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُم‪ :‬ﺗ َ‬
‫َﻄﺎردوا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻄﺎرد ُة ﰲ اﳊ َْﺮ ِب‪َ َ� ،‬‬ ‫ﲀرد ِة‪ ،‬وﱔ اﳌ ُ َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ َ‬
‫اﳌﺎء ﻓﳱﺎ‪ ،‬ﯾُﻠْﻘﻰ‬
‫ذات �ﺎﻓَ ٍﺔ ُﻣ ْﺮﺗَ ِﻔﻌ ٍﺔ َﲢ َﻔﻆُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " َﻛ ْﺮد"‪ ،‬وﱔ ﺑُ ْﻘﻌ ٌﺔ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻓﳱﺎ اﻟﺒ ِْﺬر‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻛ ْﺮدان‪:‬‬
‫دان‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻘﺪُ ‪ٔ ،‬أو َﻃ ْﻮ ُق �اﻟﺮﻗَب ِﺔ اﻟﺜ �ﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻜ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ "�ﺮدن ﺑﻨﺪ" اﳌُﺮﻛ�ﺒ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦ " َﻛ ْﺮدَن" ٔأي‪َ :‬رﻗَب ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و"ﺑﻨﺪ" ٔأي‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ َﲝ ْﺬ ِف َ ِﳇﻤ ِﺔ "ﺑﻨﺪ"‪.‬‬ ‫َﻃ ْﻮ ٍق‪ .‬و�ﺎ َء اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ �ﺮز‪:‬‬
‫ﻮل‬‫اﻟﻄﺎ�ِ ُﺮ �ا�ي َﳛ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻘ ُﺮ‪ ،‬و �اﻟﺮ ُ� ُﻞ اﳊﺎ ِذ ُق‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛﺮﻩ"‪� ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺒﺎزي و �‬
‫ﯿﻮر اﳉَﻮا ِرحِ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� " ُﻛﺮﻩ" ٔأي‪� :‬ﺎ ِذ ٌق‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﻌ ّ ِﺮ َب‪ ،‬ﻓﻘي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫�ﻠﯿﻪ اﳊ َْﻮ ُل ِﻣﻦ ُﻃ ِ‬
‫ﺒيﺚ‪ ،‬اﳌ ُ ْﺤﺘﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﯿﺐ‪ ،‬اﳊﺎ ِذ ُق‪ ،‬الﻠ�ﺌ ُﲓ‪ ،‬ا�� اﻫﯿ ُﺔ‪ ،‬اﳋَ ُ‬ ‫ﺠﺮ ُب‪ ،‬اﻟﻨ� ُ‬ ‫ُﻛ �ﺮز‪ ،‬اﳌُﺪَ �ر ُب اﳌ ُ �‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎزي �ُﺸَ �ﺪ ﻟيَﺴ ُﻘﻂَ ر ُ�ﺸﻪ‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛ ُﺮو" ٔأي‪ :‬الﻠ�ﺌ ُﲓ‪ ،‬و ِ‬
‫َﺳن َ ِتﻪ اﻟﺜ�ﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪۳٥٤‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﺮ َزم‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ك َﺠ ْﻌ َﻔ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﻟﻔأٔ ِس اﳌ َ ْﻔﻠﻮ ِ� اﳊ َِّﺪ‪ ،‬ﰷﻟ َﻜ ْﺮ َزن‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﺮ َﻛﺪ�ن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔيﻞ‪ ،‬و�ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ اﻟ َﻜ ْﺮ َﻛ ْﻨﺪَ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮن‪ :‬داﺑ � ٌﺔ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱪ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬ﺸَ ِّﺪ ا�� ِال‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ �ُﺸَ ِّﺪ ُد اﻟﻨ� َ‬
‫ﺪي‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﻗَ ْﺮ ٌن ﰲ َﺟ ْﳢﳤِ ﺎ ُﺻﻠْ ٌﺐ �ﺎ �د �اﻟﺮ ٔأ ِس َ)وﺣيﺪُ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن(‪ ،‬ﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫وا ِﳊ َﲈر اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ �‬
‫�ﺎزا اﳉﺎ ِﻫ ُﻞ اﻟﻐ ِ َّﱯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣيﺲ"‪ ،‬و َﻣ ً‬ ‫ٕاﻧ �ﻪ َﳛ ِﻤ ُﻞ اﻟﻔي َﻞ �ﻠﯿﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ "اﻟﻬ ِْﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛﺮ َﻛﺪ�ن"‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﺮُﰼ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل "ﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب ُﻣ َﻜ ْﺮ َﰼٌ" ٔأي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺼﺒﻮغٌ‬ ‫ﰷﻟﻮ ْر ِس واﻟ ُﻌ ْﺼ ُﻔ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﺰﻋْﻔﺮ ُان‪ٔ ،‬أو ﳾ ٌء َ‬
‫�ﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮُ ِﰼ‪ .‬اﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة " ُﻛ ْﺮ ُﳈ ٌﺔ" واﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮُﰼُ ﻫﻮ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ّ ِ‬
‫"اﻟﺮ ْزق"‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛ ْﺮك"‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ َ ﻧﺮْﺐ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠْ ُﻖ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ُﻘن�ﺒﯿﻂُ‪ ،‬ﺑ َ ْﻘ ٌ�‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ َﻜ ْﺮﻧبي ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻃﻌﺎ ٌم ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻜ َ ﻧﺮْﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪�َ -‬ﺴ َﻤ ْﻨ ٍﺪ‪ّ ِ :‬‬
‫ﻄﻲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل ا �ٕن ٔأ ْﺻﻠَﻬﺎ ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ "‪ ،"kramee‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ َ َﺒ �‬ ‫و ُ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫�ﻟﺸﲔِ اﳌُﻌ َﺠﻤ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺴ ُﺐ ﻛ ُﻘ ْﻔ ٍﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻋﺼﺎر ُة ا�� ﻫ ِْﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺻ ُ� �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ِ ّ‬
‫�ﺎرق‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺴ ُﺐ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻜنْ َ‬‫اﻟﺴﻮا ِد � ُﺴ ِّﻤﯿﻪ اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺴ� ُﺒﺞ‪ ،‬وﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ �‬ ‫و ُ‬
‫ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ُﻋﺼﺎر ُة ا�� ﻫْﻦ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛﺸﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﺴ� ُﺒﺞ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮا ِد‪ُ ،‬ﻋﺼﺎر ُة ا�� ﻫْﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ُ ْﱪﻗُﻊٍ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺴ ُﺐ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب " ُﻛ ْﺴ� َﺒﻪ" ﺑﻠُﻐ ِﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ �‬
‫‪۳٥٥‬‬
 ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛﺸﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻛ ْﴪى‪:‬‬
‫� اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮس‪.‬‬ ‫ﴪ وﯾُﻔتَ ُﺢ‪َ :‬ﻣ ِ ُ‬ ‫‪ِ -‬ﻛ ْﴪى �ﻟ َﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ "ﺧ ُْﴪو" ٔأي‪ :‬و ِاﺳ ُﻊ اﳌ ُ ْ�‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﺸ َﻤ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺮي‪ :‬و ٔأﺣ َﺴ�ﳢُ ﺎ ﻧ َ َﺒ ِﻄ �ﯿ ًﺔ وﻣﺎ �أراﻫﺎ َﻋ َ ِﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ُﺆﰻ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل ا �� ْز �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻜ ْﺸ َﻤ� ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﻘ ٌ� َﻃ ِ ّﯿﺒ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗ َ ُ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻛ ْﺸ ِﻤﺶ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺎر ﻻ َ َﲺ َﻢ �‪ٔ ،‬أﻟْ َ ُﲔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ِﺐ‪ ،‬و ٔأﻗَ �ﻞ ﻗَ ْبﻀً ﺎ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺳﻬَ ُﻞ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻜ ْﺸ ِﻤ ُﺶ‪ِ :‬ﻋﻨَ ٌﺐ ِﺻ ٌ‬
‫ﺧُﺮو ً�ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﺸ َﻤﻠَﺦ‪:‬‬
‫ﰻ‪َ ،‬ﻃ ّﯿِﺒ ٌﺔ َرﺧْﺼﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﲓ و �اﻟﻼ ِم‪ ،‬وﱔ اﻟ َﻜ ْﺸ َﻤ� ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺑ َ ْﻘ ٌ� ﺗ ُْﺆ َ ُ‬
‫‪� -‬ﻟﻀ� ّ ِﻢ وﻓَ ْت ٍﺢ ِ‬
‫ﻄﻲ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﻧ َ َﺒ �‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﻔتَﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﻮق ٔأو َﻣ ْﺴﺤﻮق‪.‬‬‫‪ِ -‬ﺷﻮا ٌء ِﻗﻮا ُﻣﻪ ﻟَ ْﺤ ٌﻢ َﻣ ْﺪ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤ َﻖ‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﺤ َﻢ اﳌ َ ْﺪﻗﻮق‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ "�ﻮﻓﱳ"‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﻌﲏ ا�� �ق و �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﺼﺪَ ِر ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر ِّ‬
‫‪ْ ُ -‬ﳇﺒﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳊﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻧﻮت‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪) :‬ﳇﺒﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬

‫‪۳٥٦‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ِ -‬ﳇﺲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎروجِ ﯾُ ْبﲎ ﺑﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﺷ� ْﺒ ُﻪ ا ِﳉ ِّﺺ ﯾُ ْﻄﲆ ﺑﻪ �ﺎﺋِﻂُ ﻗَ ْ ٍ‬
‫ﴫ‬ ‫ﺎروج‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣث ُﻞ �‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮ �‬
‫ٔأو � ِﻃ ُﻦ َﺣ ْﻮض‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ "‪ٔ "coleis calx‬أي‪ :‬اﳊَ َﺠﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﳈ � ْﱶى‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﳬ� ْﱶى‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻮا ِﻛ ِﻪ �ُﺴ ِّﻤﯿﻪ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ُﺔ ا ٕﻻ �� َﺎص‪ ،‬وا ِ�ﺪﺗُﻪ ُﳈ � ْﱶا ٌة‪َ ،‬وﴭ َُﺮﻩ ِﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫اﻟ َﻔﺼﯿ ِ� َاﻟﻮ ْردﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﳱﺎ ""‪،"kmathro" ،komathro‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪.""koumathro‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﳈ�ﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﺮوف � ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ اﻟ �ﺴ�ﻨ�ﻮت‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮن ﻛ َﺘﻨ� ٍﻮر‪َ :‬ﺣ �ﺐ َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬ ‫‪َ -‬‬
‫اﻟﳬ� ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب "�ﺎﻣﻮن"‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﳈَ ْﻨ�ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫"ﳈَ ْﻨ�ﺔ" َﻋ �ﺮﺑَﻪ اﳌ ُ ْ�ﺪَ َ‬
‫ﺛﻮن‪ .‬آ آ ُ� َﻋ ْﺰ ٍف َو�َﺮﯾ � ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺮوف‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب َ‬ ‫�ب َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ر ٌ‬
‫ﯾُ َﻌﺰ ُف �ﻠﳱﺎ ﺑﻮ ِاﺳﻄ ِﺔ ِﻣ َﺠ �ﺴ ٍﺔ َو�َﺮﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻛﲈﳒﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ْ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﳈَ ْﯿﺖ‪:‬‬
‫�ﲑ �ﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺺ‪َ ،‬‬
‫وﰷن ُﻋ ْﺮﻓُﻪ‬ ‫ﻮق‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �ﺎﻟَﻂَ ُ ْﲪﺮﺗَﻪ َﺳﻮا ٌد ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﳬَ ْﯿ ُﺖ ِﻣﻦ اﳋَ ْﯿ ِﻞ واﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫و َذﻧ َ ُﺒﻪ ٔأ ْﺳ َﻮدَ�ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ُ"ﳈَ ْﯿﺖ" وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و�ﲆ ا ٔ� ْﺷ َﻘ ِﺮ ِﻣﻦ اﳋَ ْﯿ ِﻞ �ا�ي‬
‫ُﻋ ْﺮﻓُﻪ و َذﻧ َ ُﺒﻪ ٔأ ْﺳ َﻮدان‪.‬‬
‫‪۳٥۷‬‬
 ‫وﲪﺮ ٌة؛ و ِﻟﻬﺬا ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل ﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ٍس َﺷﺪﯾ ِﺪ‬ ‫�ن؛ َﺳﻮا ٌد ُ ْ‬ ‫ٔأو ُ"ﳈْ َﺘﺔ" ٔأي‪ْ َ :‬ﲣﻠﯿﻂٌ‪�ٔ ،‬ﻧ �ﻪ ا ْﺟتَ َﻤ َﻊ ﻓيﻪ ﻟَ ْﻮ ِ‬
‫وﲪﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊُ ْﻤﺮ ِة ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻋ ْﺮﻓُﻪ و َذﻧ َ ُﺒﻪ ٔأ ْﺳ َﻮد َِ�ﻦ‪ ،‬وﳋَ ْﻤ ٍﺮ ﻓيﻪ َﺳﻮا ٌد ُ ْ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛﻨ�ﺎش‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺜﲑا ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ا ٔ� ِﻃ �ﺒﺎ ِء‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ َ �ﲰﻮا َ‬‫ﺘﺎب َﻣ ْﺠﻤﻮ ٌع‪َ ،‬وﻗَ َﻊ ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻛ ً‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻜن � ُﺎش‪ِ :‬ﻛ ٌ‬
‫ُﻛ ُﺘﳢِ ﻢ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﺠﻤﻮ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ "counosho" :‬أي‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْﺠﻤﻮ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫�ﺎرق‪:‬‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْﻨ َ‬
‫�ﺎر ُق ﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻜ ْﺴ ُﺐ‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺴ� َﺒ َﺞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻛ ْﺴ َﺐ اﳌﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ُﻜ ْن َ‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛﻮب‪:‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ٌﻮز ﻻ ُﻋ ْﺮو َة � وﻻ ﺧ ُْﺮﻃﻮ َم‪ ،‬ور ٔأ ُﺳﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴ�ﺘﺪ�ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ "�ﻮ�"‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫ثﲑ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ ﰲ اﻟ َﻜ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ ﻗَﺮ ٍ‬
‫"‪ ،"kybos‬وﰲ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ "‪."kuppa‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ ّ‬
‫ﻮﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬
‫ﺼﲑ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ "�ﻮ�ﻩ"‪�" ،‬ﻮﺗَﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛﻮخ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑَيْ ٌﺖ َﺻﻐﲑٌ ُﻣ َﺤ �ﺮ ٌد‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ُ :‬ﻣ َﺴ� � ٌﲌ‪َ ،‬ﺳ ْﻘ ُﻔﻪ ِﻣﻦ ﺧَﺸَ ٍﺐ‪ٔ ،‬أﻟْ ِﻘ َﻲ �ﻠﯿﻪ ٔأ ْﻃ ُ‬
‫ﯿﺎن اﻟ َﻘ َﺼ ِﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ ٍ ﯾَﺘ� ِ� ُﺬﻩ �اﻟﺰ ِار ُع ﻟ َﯿﺤ َﻔﻆَ ﻓيﻪ َز ْر�َﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰻ َﻣ ِ‬
‫و �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ "ﰷخ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑَيْ ٍﺖ‪ ،‬وﻗَ ْﴫ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٥۸‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ﻛﻮر‪:‬‬
‫اﲷ ْ�ﻼ ٌل‪ ،‬الﻠ � �ﻒ واﻟﺘ� ْﺪو ُ�ﺮ‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﴚ ِء‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴚ ِء ﰲ �‬ ‫ْ�ﺎل �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻧ ِْﻄﻔﺎ ٌء‪ ،‬ﺗَ ْﻐﻮ ٌ�ﺮ‪ٕ ،‬اد ُ‬
‫" َﻛ �ﻮ َر اﻟ ِﻌﲈﻣ َﺔ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻟﻔ�ﻬﺎ َ َ‬
‫وﲨ َﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﲷ َ� �ﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫�ﺎر و ْ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ "�ﻮر" ٔأي‪ٔ :‬أ ْﲻﻰ‪ٔ ،‬أو " ُﻛ ْﻮر ِ� ِﻜ ْﺮ" ٔأي‪َ :‬‬
‫"�ﻮرﺑﻮد" �ﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ ﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻛﻮس‪:‬‬
‫ﰷس اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ُس‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ْﺒ ُﻞ اﻟ َﻜ ُبﲑ‪ ،‬و َﺧ َﺸ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ُﻣثﻠ�ﺜ ٌﺔ ﱔ ِﻣ ْﻌ ُﯿﺎر اﻟﻨ� ��ﺎر َ�ﻦ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‪َ :‬‬ ‫‪� -‬ﻟﻀ� ّ ِﻢ‪� :‬‬
‫إذا َوﻗَ َﻒ �ﲆ ﺛَﻼﺛ ٍﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب "�ﻮﺳﺎ"؛ آ آ ٌ� َﻣ ْﻌﺮوﻓ ٌﺔ َذ َﻛ َﺮﻫﺎ ٔآ ْﻫ ُﻞ اﻟﻬَ ْﯿﺌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل‬
‫ﺮب ﻗﺪ �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺮي‪ :‬واﻟ َﻜ ْﻮس �ﻟ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ ٔأ ْ َﲺﻤ �ﯿ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ُ‬‫ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫ﻘيﺲ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛﻮس"‪ ،‬وﱔ َﺧ َﺸ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ُﻣثﻠ �ﺜ ٌﺔ �َ ُ‬
‫ﻜﻮن ﻣ َﻊ اﻟﻨ� �� ِﺎر ﯾ َ ُ‬
‫�َ ْﺮﺑﯿ َﻊ اﳋَﺸَ ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﻮس‪:‬‬
‫ﻼث ﻗَﻮ ِ َاﰂ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ َذو ِات ا ٔ� ْرﺑَﻊِ‪ٔ ،‬أو‬‫ﴩ‪ ،‬و�ﲆ ﺛَ ِ‬ ‫ﴚ �ﲆ ِر ْ� ٍﻞ وا ِ�ﺪ ٍة ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟبَ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﰷس‬ ‫�ﻼث اﻟﺒﺎ ِﻗي ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﳯﺎ ِﻓﻌ ُﻞ َ‬ ‫ٔأن �َﺮﻓَ َﻊ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ُس إ�ﺪى ﻗَﻮاﺋِ ِﻤﻪ وﯾ َ ْﲋ َو �ﲆ اﻟﺜ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮس‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " ُﻛﻮس"‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﻮ َﰜ‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻟﻬﺎ ٔأ ْﺳ� ٌ‬
‫ﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﰻ اﻟﻨ� َﺎس‪ ،‬وﱔ َ َﲰﻜ ُﺔ "الﻠ � ْﺨ ِﻢ" ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ﰟ َ َﲰﻜ ٍﺔ ﰲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ ﺗَأٔ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ُ‬
‫ﺸﺎر‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﱔ اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮ ُش‪ ،‬ﯾُﻮ َ�ﺪُ ﺑ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﺧ ُْﺮﻃﻮ ٌم ﰷ ِﳌنْ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﻨﺎن ا ٕﻻ� ْ ِ‬
‫ٔ� ْﺳ� ِ‬
‫ﺎب ﺷيئًﺎ ا �ٕﻻ اﻟﻨ� َﺎر‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ‬ ‫بﺎر‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳞَ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻘﻠْ ُﺰ ِم‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺷأٔ ِﻧﻪ ٔأن ﯾ َ َﺘ �ﻌﺮ َض �‬
‫لﻠﺴ ُﻔ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻜ ِ‬
‫ُ ِّﲰ َﯿ ْﺖ ﻗُ َﺮ ٌ�ﺶ ﻗُ َﺮ�ﺸً ﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ﻻ ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ � ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٥۹‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ � :‬ﻗ ُﺺ ا ٔ� ْﺳ� ِ‬
‫ﻨﺎن‪ ،‬وا ٔ� �و ُل ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﰜ‪ُ :‬ﻣ �ﻌﺮ ُب "�ﻮﺳﻪ" ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ � ِﻗ ِﺺ �‬ ‫واﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ َ ُ‬
‫ﰜ َﻋ ْﻘ ُ�‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻛ ْﻮ َﺳﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮوف‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪َ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﻟَ ْﺖ ِﻟ ْﺤﯿ ُﺘﻪ � َﻜ ْﻮ َ َ‬‫اﳌ َ ْﻌ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ "�ﻮﺳﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻛﲑ‪:‬‬
‫�ﯿﺎر" و" ِﻛ َﲑة"‪.‬‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻌﻪ ٔ"أ ٌ‬‫ﰷء لﻠﻨ� ِﺎر‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﴪ‪ِ :‬ز �ق ﯾَﻨ ُﻔﺦُ ﻓيﻪ اﳊَﺪ�ا ُد ٕا ْذ ً‬ ‫‪� -‬ﻟ َﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻛﯿﻠَ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮوف ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق‪ ،‬ا ِﳌ ْﻜ ُ‬
‫يﺎل‪ْ َ ،‬ﲨ ُﻌﻪ َﻛﯿﺎ ِﻟ ُﺞ و َﻛﯿﺎ ِﻟ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﯿ ٌﻞ َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻐﲑ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ " َﻛ ْﯿﻞ"‪ ،‬و"�ﻪ" �َﻼﻣ ُﺔ اﻟﺘ� ْﺼ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻛﳰْﯿﺎء‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻣ �ﻮ� ٌة ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﴪ وﯾُ َﻤﺪ�‪ْ �ِ ،‬ﱪا �ﱐ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب "�ﲓ ﯾﻪ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ِ :‬ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫‪� -‬ﻟ َﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﳊﯿ ُ� وا ِﳊ ْﺬ ُق‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ٌ �ِ .‬ﲅ ﳞَ َ �ﱲ ﺑ ِﺪراﺳ ِﺔ َﻃﺒﯿﻌ ِﺔ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْﺟﺴﺎ ِم اﻟبَﺴ�ﯿﻄ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﺧﻮ ِّاﺻﻬﺎ وﺗَﻔﺎ�ُ ِﻠﻬﺎ ﻓ� ﺑيْﳯَ ﺎ وﻣﺎ َﳛ ُﺼ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ﺗ َُﲈزجٍ ﻧ َتي� َﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘ�ﻔﺎ�ُﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬ ‫وﻟَ �ﻌ� ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ "‪ "khymos‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ا ِﳊ ْﺬ ُق واﳊﯿ ُ�‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ِ :‬‬
‫�ﺳ ِت ْبﻌﺎد‪.‬‬
‫"ﰾ ﻣيﺎ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﲡﻲ ُء �ﲆ ْ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﯿﻮان‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ ُز َ� َﻞ وﻓَﻠَ ِﻜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ َ"ﰾ"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬رﻓي ُﻊ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ ِر و"وان"‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬رﻗيﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٦۰‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬

‫ﻻز َو ْرد‪:‬‬
‫‪َ -‬‬
‫‪� -‬اﻟﻼ َز َو ْر ُد و �اﻟﻼ َﺟ َﻮ ْردُ‪َ :‬ﻣﻌ ِﺪ ٌن َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫ﺮوف ﻟَ ْﻮﻧ ُﻪ ٔأ ْز َر ُق َﺷﻔ� ٌﺎف‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ِ‬
‫ﴬ ُب إﱃ اﳊُ ْﻤﺮ ِة‬
‫اﻟﻄ ّﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳋ ُْﴬ ِة ﯾُﺘ�� َُﺬ ُ� ِﻠ �ﯿﺎ‪ ،‬و� ُ ْﺴ�ﺘ�ْﺪَ ُم ﰲ ِّ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻻژورد(‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫�ض �ﲆ ُ ْﲪ ِﺮ اﻟ َﯿﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻗيﺖ‬ ‫وﻻز َو ْر ِدﯾ � ٍﺔ �َ ْﺰﻫﻮ ِ� ُﺰ ْرﻗَﳤِ ﺎ * ﺑ َ ْ َﲔ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻﻫﻮت‪:‬‬
‫ٌ‬
‫ﻻﻫﻮت‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪�ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮت‪ :‬ا ��ﻟﻮﻫ ُﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أي اﳉ َْﻮﻫ َُﺮ ٔأو �‬
‫اﻟﻄ ْﺒ ُﻊ اﻻ �ٕﻟﻬيﻲ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫‪� -‬اﻟﻼ ُ‬
‫�ﺳﻮت‪ ،‬ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�؛ ِﳁﻦ ﻗﺎﺋِ ٍﻞ‪ٕ :‬اﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬وا ْﺧتَﻠَﻔﻮا َﻛ ً‬
‫ﺜﲑا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻟ ٕﻼ� ْ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪ Alohoutho‬و‪ Aloh‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫َﺣ ْﻮ َل ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎ ِﻗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ ‪ Alah‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ � َاﲣ َﺬ إﻟﻬًﺎ‪ ،‬و‪ Ethalah‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫ٕا ٍ�‪ ،‬و‪ Aloho‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ِ‬
‫ﺗَأ� ��‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟُﺒﺎن ِﻟﺒﺎن‪� /‬ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎن‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻜنْﺪُ ُر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠﻜﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الﻠ � ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻟﯿﺒﺎﻧﻮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻟ�ﺎم‪:‬‬
‫�ﺎز ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ال ِﻠ ّ�ﺎ ُم‪َ :‬ﺣ ْب ٌﻞ ٔأو َﻋﺼﺎ ﺗُﺪ َ� ُﻞ ﰲ ﻓَ ِﻢ ا�� اﺑ � ِﺔ وﺗُﻠْ َﺰ ُق إﱃ ﻗَﻔﺎﻩ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ٔأ ْﻣ َﺴ َﻚ ِﻟﺴﺎﻧ َﻪ و ٔأ ْﻃ َﺒ َﻖ ﻓَ َﻤﻪ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ �ﲆ ﻣﺎ � َ ُﺸﺪ�ﻩ اﳊﺎﺋِ ُﺾ ِﻣﻦ ِﺧ َﺮ ٍق‬
‫ﻓيﻘﺎل‪� :‬أﻟْ َﺠ َﻢ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ َس‪ ،‬و� ُﲨﻮ ٌع ِ� �ﺪ ٌة‪� :‬أﻟْ ِﺠﻤ ٌﺔ‬
‫وﳓ ِﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺷ� ُﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣنﻪ ِﻓﻌ ٌﻞ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫وﻟُ ُﺠ ٌﻢ وﻟُ ْﺠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٦۱‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)ﻟُﻐﺎم( ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‬‫��ﲀف ِ‬ ‫ﳼ ِﻣﻦ ُ)ﻟﮕﺎم( ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻗي َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻟ ْﻔﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎت‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل‬ ‫ري ِﻣﻦ ﻓَﺼﯿ ِ� ا �ﻟﺼﻠﯿبي� ِ‬ ‫راﻋﻲ َ� ْﺬ �‬ ‫ﺮوف‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑ َ ْﻘ ٌﻞ ِز �‬ ‫َﺒﺎت َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬ال ِﻠ ّ ْﻔ ُﺖ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫� �ﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬ﺳﻠْ َﺠﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣي� ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ِﺔ‪،‬‬‫ﻔﺎظ �‬ ‫ﺤﱯ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ا ٔ�ﻟْ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ا ٔ�ﻣﲔ اﳌ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ‪ Lafto‬ﺑ َﻔ ْت ِﺢ �اﻟﻼ ِم‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫� ٔآ ْﺷ�ﺒﺎ ٌﻩ ﰲ ا�ٓراﻣي� ِﺔ واﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪﯾ � ِﺔ وا�ٓﺷﻮرﯾ � ِﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﴪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻛ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟ َ َﻘﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺴ ُﻞ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬‫‪ -‬الﻠ � َﻘ ُﻦ‪َ :‬ﻃ ْﺴ ٌﺖ ِﻣﻦ ُﳓ ٍﺎس ﯾُ َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ٕا �ﻣﺎ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻟَﮕﻦ(‪ٔ ،‬أو ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫)‪.(Laqno‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟُﻮﺑْﯿﺎء‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل � ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮوف‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺎت اﻟ َﺒ ْﻘ ِ �ﲇ اﳌ َ ْﻌ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬الﻠ�ﻮﺑْﯿﺎ ُء والﻠ�ﻮﺑْﯿﺎ والﻠ�ﻮ� ُء والﻠ�ﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎج‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫ا�� ْﺟﺮ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻟُﻮﺑْ َﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ�‪ ،‬ﻟﻮو�(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟَ ْﻮزﯾﻨَﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬الﻠ � ْﻮزﯾﻨَ ُﺞ‪�َ :‬ﻠْﻮا ٌء �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ اﻟ َﻘﻄﺎﺋِ َﻒ ﺗُﺆ َد ُم ﺑﺪُ ﻫ ِْﻦ الﻠ � ْﻮز‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻟَ ْﻮزﯾﻨَﻪْ(‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ )ﻟَ ْﻮزﯾﻨَﻚ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٦۲‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻟَ ْﻮﻟَﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻮب ٔأو ِﺳ ْ ٌ‬
‫� ﯾَﻠ َﺘ �ﻒ‬ ‫‪ -‬الﻠ � ْﻮﻟَ ُﺐ‪ :‬اﳌﺎ ُء ﯾَتَﺴﺎﻗَﻂُ ﰲ َﺣ َﺮﻛ ٍﺔ دا�ِﺮﯾ � ٍﺔ ِﻣﻦ ُﺻ ْﻨ ٍ‬
‫ﺒﻮر‪ ،‬و ٔأﻧْ ٌ‬
‫ﺮي‪.‬‬‫ﲁ دا�ِ ّ‬ ‫�ﺸَ ْ ٍ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫)ﻟﻮ�(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟَ ْﯿﻤﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﻓيﻘﺎل‪) :‬الﻠ � ْﯿﻤﻮ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ �ُﺴ َﻘﻂُ ﻧﻮﻧ ُﻪ ُ‬
‫ﺮوف‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الﻠ � ْﯿ ُ‬
‫ﻤﻮن‪ :‬ﺛَ َﻤ ُﺮ ﻓﺎ ِﻛﻬ ٍﺔ َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻟَ ْﯿﻤﻮ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺤﱯ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ُﻣﺤ �ﻤﺪ ا ٔ�ﻣﲔ اﳌ ُ ِ ّ‬

‫‪۳٦۳‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ُﺟ ُﺸﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﺸﻮن‪ :‬ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ َﻟﺮ ُ�ﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌﺎ ُﺟ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﮔﻮن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﻮ ِن اﻟ َﻘ َﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﺧﻮر‪:‬‬
‫ﲀن �ا�ي � َ‬
‫َﴩ ُب ﻓيﻪ اﻟ ُﻔ �ﺴ ُﺎق اﳋَ ْﻤ َﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑَيْ ُﺖ ّ ِاﻟﺮﯾﺒ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳌﺎﺧﻮر‪ :‬اﳌ َ ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫َﻣﻮا ِﺧ َﺮ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻮا�ﲑ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﱊ ﺧﻮر(؛ و)ﱊ( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و)ﺧﻮر(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ْ ُ :‬‬
‫ﴍ ٍب‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﳌﺎء‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺷﻘ� ْتﻪ؛ ٔ� �ن اﻟﻨ� َﺎس ﯾ َ َﱰد َ‬
‫�دون‬ ‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ َﻣﺨ ََﺮ ِت ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ُﺔ َ‬
‫إﻟﯿﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎرﯾ �ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ٌ َ َ� -‬ﲅ �ﲆ ا ْﻣﺮ ٔأ ٍة‪ ،‬وﱔ ٔأ �م ٕا ْ�ﺮاﻫ َﲓ ا ِ�ﻦ اﻟﻨ� ِ ّﱯ ﷺ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ َ َﱘ �ﻟ ِﻌ ْﱪاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‪� (mary) :‬ﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫و)‪� (marie‬ﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)‪ٕ � (maria‬ﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﺳﻮر ٌة �ﺎ ِ ّﻣ ّﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌﺎﺳﻮرةُ‪� :‬أﻧْﺒﻮﺑ ُﺔ اﳌﺎء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(masura) :‬و ِﻣﻦ َﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﻪ اﻟ َﻘ َﺼ ُﺐ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫)ﻣﺎﺷﻮرﻩ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٦٤‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎش‪:‬‬
‫اﳌﺎش‪َ :‬ﺣ �ﺐ َﺣ ْﺠ ُﻤﻪ ٔأ ْﺻﻐ َُﺮ ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳊ �ﻤ ِﺺ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْ َﲰ ُﺮ ﻣﺎﺋِ ٌﻞ إﱃ اﳋ ُْﴬ ِة‪َ ُ� ،‬ﺰر ُع �‬
‫�ﻟﺸﺎ ِم‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫واﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِﺪ‪ْ ُ � ،‬ﺴ�ﺘ�ْﺪَ ُم ِ�ﻼ ً�ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺎش(‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ‬
‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ٔأو ُﻣ �ﻮ�‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫َ‬
‫)ﻣﺎﺷﻚ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﱵ‪:‬‬‫َﺳن ْ ِﺴﻜﺮ �‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌﺎﻣﻮﺳ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﳊَ ْﻤﻘﺎ ُء‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟﻨ�ﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻨﺎر ﲟﺎ ِﻩ اﻟ َﺒ ْﴫة‪.‬‬
‫ﴐ َب ﻫﺬا ّ ِا� ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌﺎ ُﻩ‪ :‬ﻗَ َﺼ ُﺐ اﻟ َﺒ َ ِ�‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺎ ْﻩ( �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْﻤﻠَﻜ ُﺔ واﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ُﺔ‪،‬‬
‫و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(may) :‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ )ﻣﺎدا( �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ْﱰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﱄ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻨّﻈﺎ ِم اﻟ َﻌ ْﴩ ِ ّي‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﻣتﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ ّ‬ ‫يﺎس �‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌ ْ ُﱰ‪َ :‬و ْ�ﺪ ُة اﻟ ِﻘ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ (mètre) :‬ﻣﻦ )‪ (metron‬اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘيﺎس‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ْ َﱰس‪:‬‬
‫ﻼق‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ �ُﺴ� َﺘ َ ُﱰ ﺑﻪ ِﻣﻦ �ﺎﺋِﻂٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب ﻻ ْٕﺣﲀ ِم ا ٕﻻ ْ� ِ‬‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌ ْ َﱰ ُس‪َ :‬ﺧ َﺸ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ﺗُﻮﺿَ ُﻊ َ�ﻠْ َﻒ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ�ﺎر‪.‬‬‫و�ﲑﻩ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺪُ ِّو‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ّ ِ :‬‬
‫ِْ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ َ ْﱰس(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻻ َ َﲣ ْﻒ‪ ،‬و ّ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُ� ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﲔ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِ ّﲇ‬
‫واﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِ ّﰊ و ِاﲵﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳٦٥‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣ ّﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ ُ �ﺞ‪َ :‬ﺣ �ﺐ َﺷبي ٌﻪ �ﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِس ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱶ ِﻣنﻪ ﰲ � ْﺳ� ِﺘﺪار ِة‪َ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬اﳋُﻠ � ُﺮ‪ ،‬و ّ ِاﻟﺰ �ن‪،‬‬
‫واﳌ ُ ُ‬
‫�ﺎج ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺎش(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﺸ َ�ﻠَﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺸ َ�ﻠَﺒ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﳾ ٌء � ُ ْﺴ� َﺘ�ﺪَ ُم ك�ﻠﯿ ٍﺔ ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ ال ِﻠ ّ ِﯿﻒ واﳋ ََﺮ ِز‪ٔ ،‬أو ﱔ ﺧ ََﺮ ٌز ٔأﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‬
‫اﳉﺎرﯾ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ْﺸ َ�ﻠَﺒﺔ(؛ ِﻟﲈ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ِ‬ ‫�ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ الﻠ � ْﺆﻟُ َﺆ ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ذو ﻗﳰ ٍﺔ ٔأﻗَ �ﻞ ِﻣنﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺎل �ﲆ اﻟ َﻘﻠْ ِﺐ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﺨْﺸَ ﻠَﺒﺔ(؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﳌ ُ َﺘ ِ ّنﱯ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن �ﻠﳱﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﳋ ََﺮ ِز ﰷﳊ ِ ِ ُّﲇ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ َﺲ �ﺎ ِﻟﻜ ًﺔ * ود �ُر ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٍ �ُﺮﯾﻚ ا�� �ر َﻣﺨْﺸَ ﻠَﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﺎض َو ْ� ٍﻪ �ُﺮﯾﻚ �‬ ‫ﺑَ ُ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺪي ٔأ �ن‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ َﺟ َﺮ ْت �ﲆ ٔأﻟْ ِﺴ�ﻨ ِﺔ ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ اﻟ ِﻌﺮ ِاق‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �اﻟﺰ �‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ ٔأ �ن َ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِت اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺘﺎن � َ ْﺴ�ﺘ ْ� ِﺪ ُﻣﻬﲈ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻂُ ﻓ� �ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ ا�� �ر ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳊ�ﺎر ِة اﻟ�ﱵ‬ ‫)اﳌ َ ْﺸ َ�ﻠَ َﺐ واﳌَﺨْﺸَ ﻠَ َﺐ( ﻟُ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ َﻮ�ً ا‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأن َ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ﺑﺪُ ّ ٍر‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﲒاب‪ِ /‬ﻣ ْﺮزاب‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻊ ) ِﻣ ْﱥاب(‪:‬‬ ‫ﴫ ُف ِﻣﳯﺎ اﳌﺎ ُء‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌﲒ ُاب وا ِﳌ ْﱥ ُاب‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘنﺎ ُة ٔأو ا ��ﻧْﺒﻮﺑ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُ َ‬
‫زاب‬‫ﯾﺐ‪ ،‬و)ا ِﳌ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻣﻮاز َ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻊ )ﻣﲒاب(‪َ :‬ﻣيﺎز ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺐ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣآٓز ُ‬
‫راب(‪ :‬ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﳯ� ﺎ ﻟ َيﺴ ْﺖ ﻓَﺼﯿ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وا ِﳌ ْﺰ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻌﺾ �َﺮاﻩ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ�ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻪ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ا ِﳌ ْﱥ ُاب ‪-‬واﳌﲒ ُاب ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ -‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣ ْﺨﺘﻠَ ٌﻒ ﻓيﻪ؛ ُ‬
‫ﻮﱊ ِﻣﻦ َو َز َب اﳌﺎ ُء‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺳﺎ َل‪،‬‬ ‫ﻈﻮر ِﻣﻦ ٔأ َز َب اﳌﺎ ُء‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﺟﺮى‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻪ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬ ‫ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫َﺮي ٔآﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﲒ آٓب(‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِﺷﻘ�ﲔِ ‪:‬‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬‫) ِﻣﲒ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻓﻌ ُﻞ ٔآ ْﻣ ٍﺮ ِﻣﻦ )ﻣﲒﯾﺪَ ْن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺑُ ْﻞ‪ ،‬و)آٓب(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌﺎ ِء‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ� ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ َز َب ٔأو َو َز َب؛ ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮﳖِ ﺎ ْ َ‬
‫�ﲑ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺑُ ِﻞ اﳌﺎ َء‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮد ٍة ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪۳٦٦‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(marzobo, marzibo) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘنﺎ ِة‪،‬‬ ‫زاب ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ا ِﳌ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻠﻮب ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬‫راب َﻣ ْﻘ ٌ‬ ‫وا ِﳌ ْﺰ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮزﺟﻮش‪:‬‬
‫ﺮي‪،‬‬ ‫َﻗيﻖ َاﻟﻮ َر ِق‪َ ،‬زﻫ ُْﺮﻩ ٔأﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ ِﻋ ْﻄ �‬
‫َﺒﺎت د ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻮش واﳌ َ ْﺮ َز ْﳒ ُﻮش واﳌ َ ْﺮد ُ‬
‫َﻗﻮش‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ َز ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﻖ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬‫ٔأو ﻫﻮ �اﻟﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮ ُان‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪� :‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺎ ُ�ﻠ � ٌ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ِﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﻫﺎ وﺑَﻨَ ْﻔ َﺴ ٌﺞ * وﺳي َﺴ� ْﻨ َ ٌﱪ واﳌ َ ْﺮ َز ُ‬
‫ﺟﻮش ُﻣنَ ْﻤﻨَﲈ‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ ُﻣﻘب ٍِﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺑيﺐ ﻣﺎ ِء اﻟﻀ� َ ِﺎ� الﻠ � ِﺠ ِﻦ‬
‫َﻗﻮش َاﻟﻮ ْر َد ﺿﺎ ِﺣي ًﺔ * �ﲆ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻮن �ﳌ َ ْﺮد ِ‬
‫ﯾ َ ْﻌ َ‬
‫َﻗﻮش(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻟَ ِ ّ ِﲔ ا �� ُذ ِن‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫)ﻣﺮد ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪ْ :‬‬
‫َﻗﻮش ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ اﳌ َ ْﺮد ُ‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﻣﺮدﻩ(‪،‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﻣﺮدﻩ �ﻮش(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �‬ ‫)ﻣﺮدﮔﻮش(‪َ ،‬وﳛ َﺘ ِﻤ ُﻞ ٔأن َ‬
‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻣيّ ٍِﺖ‪ ،‬و)�ﻮش(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا �� ُذ ِن‪َ ،‬ﳁ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﻣيّ ُِﺖ ٔأو ﻟَ ِ ّ ُﲔ ا �� ُذن‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﻣﺮزن(‪،‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺮ َز ْنﻜﻮش(؛ ُﻣ �‬ ‫زﺟﻮش ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ اﳌ َ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ذان اﻟﻔآٔر‪.‬‬‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬آ ٓ ُ‬‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟﻔآٔ ِر‪ ،‬و)�ﻮش(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا �� ُذ ِن‪ُ ،‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ْﺮ ِﻋ �ﺰى و ِﻣ ْﺮ ِﻋﺰا ُء‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌ ْﺮ ِﻋ �ﺰى واﳌ َ ْﺮ ِﻋ �ﺰى وا ِﳌ ْﺮ ِﻋﺰا ُء واﳌ َ ْﺮ ِﻋﺰا ُء وا ِﳌ ْﺮ ِﻋ �ﺰ واﳌ َ ْﺮ ِﻋ �ﺰ واﳌ َ ْﺮ َﻋ ُﺰ‪َ :‬ﻣبﺪَ �أ �‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ‬
‫ﻮف‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪ :‬ﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب ُﻣ َﻤ ْﺮ َﻋ ٌﺰ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ َﺷ ْﻌ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲋ‪ ،‬والﻠ � ِ ّ ُﲔ ِﻣﻦ �‬‫�ﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫�ا�ي ُ‬
‫َﺟﺮ ٌ�ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻮف * و ِﻣ ْﺮ ِﻋ �ﺰى ﻓأٔ َﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗُﻔيﺪُ‬ ‫ﺴﺎء ٍ‬ ‫َﻛﺴﺎك اﳊَ ْﻨ َﻈ �ﲇ ِﻛ َ‬
‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻄ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺮ َ�ﺰى(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﲻﺮﻋﺰا(؛ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر‪ /‬ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫) ِﻣ ْﺮِن �ﺰا(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻮف‪ ،‬و)ﻋﺰا(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﲋ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪) :‬ﲻﺮا(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬
‫‪۳٦۷‬‬
 ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣ ّ ِﺮﯾﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ ُ ّ ِﺮ ُﯾﻖ‪َ :‬ﺣ �ﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺼ ُﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣي�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﺮ َﱒ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ َ ُﱒ‪� :‬ا�ي ﯾُﻮﺿَ ُﻊ �ﲆ اﳉُﺮوح‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ‪ ،(màlagam-a) :‬وﻗي َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﻠﻐﻢ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﯿﻒ ا�� ِاﰂ‪.‬‬ ‫ا �ٕن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ِﻣﻦ ّ ِاﻟﺮ ْﳘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ اﳌ َ َﻄ ُﺮ اﻟﻀ� ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﺮو‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ ُو‪َ :‬ﴭ ٌَﺮ َﻃ ّﯿ ُِﺐ �اﻟﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ �اﻟﺮ��ﲔِ ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫وآ ٓ ٌس و ِ� ِﲑ �ي و َﻣ ْﺮ ٌو َوﺳ ْﻮ َﺳ ٌﻦ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ُﺮو(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ّﺲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌ �ﺲ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ��ﺎس‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺐ ٕﻻﻟْ�ﺎ ِﻗﻪ �ﻟﺜ ّ‬
‫�ﻼﰔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮب ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺑﻠَ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪ِ ) :‬ﻣ ْﺲ(‪َ ،‬ﺷ �ﺪ َدﺗْﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻣ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﲂ‪ ،‬واﳉُ �ﺒ ُﺔ اﻟﻮ ِاﺳﻌ ُﺔ‪ُ ،‬وﲡ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻣﺴﺎ ِﺗ َﻖ‪َ ،‬‬
‫�ﺎء‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ ُ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻘ ُﺔ واﳌ ُ ْﺴ� َﺘﻘ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻓَ ْﺮ ٌو َﻃﻮﯾ ُﻞ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﷲ �ﻠﯿﻪ � َ‬
‫وﺳﲅ ُﻣ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻘ ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ ُ‬ ‫ﷲ �‬ ‫� �اﻟﺮو ِم ٔأﻫْﺪى َرﺳﻮ َل ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ٔأ� َ ٍﺲ ٔأ �ن َﻣ ِ َ‬
‫ُﺳ� ْﻨﺪُ ٍس‪ ،‬ﻓﻠَب َِﺴﻬﺎ ُ �ﰒ ﺑ َ َﻌ َﺚ ﲠﺎ إﱃ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ َل‪ :‬اﺑْ َﻌ ْﺚ ﲠﺎ إﱃ ٔأﺧيﻚ اﻟﻨ� ِّ‬
‫�ﺎﳾ‪،‬‬
‫و ٔأ�ْﺸَ ﺪَ ‪:‬‬
‫إذا ﻟَب َِﺴ ْﺖ َﻣﺴﺎ ِﺗ َﻘﻬﺎ ﻏَ ِ �ﲏ * ﻓيﺎ َوﯾْ َﺢ اﳌَﺴﺎ ِﺗ ِﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻟَﻘيﻨﺎ‬

‫‪۳٦۸‬‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪.‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﺑﻮ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﯿ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪) :‬ﻣﺸ�ﺘﻪْ(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫�ﰪ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ اﳊَﺮ� ِﺮ �اﻟﺮﻗيﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗيﻖ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪) :‬ﻣﺸ�ﱵ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب َر ٌ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻣ ْﺴﻄﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﴫ ْت َ�ﺪﯾﺜًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﺎر‪ :‬اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ اﳊﺎ ِﻣﻀ ُﺔ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﳋَ ْﻤ ُﺮ اﻟ�ﱵ ا ْﻋ ُﺘ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻄﺎر واﳌ ُ ْﺼ ُ‬‫‪ -‬اﳌ ُ ْﺴ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﺎر؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬ ‫اﳌﲓ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﺴ ُ‬‫ﴪ ِ‬ ‫� َﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻌﲑ ر ٔأ�ﳤَ ﻢ * ُ ُﲪ ًﺮا ُﻋﯿﻮﳖُ ُﻢ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ ُ ْﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻄﺎر‬ ‫ﻗَ ْﻮ ٌم إذا ﻫَﺪَ َر اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪ ،(mustum) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳋَ ْﻤ ِﺮ اﳉَﺪﯾﺪ ِة اﻟ�ﱵ ﱂ َ ْﲣ َﺘ ِﻤ ْﺮ‪ ،‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ‬
‫�ﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(must) :‬و� ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(mosto) :‬و�ﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(mout) :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﺼ َﻄ َﲀ‪:‬‬
‫ْﺪاﻣﺎت ِ�ﻼﺟي� ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﲀﻧﻮا‬ ‫وﱊ‪ � ،‬ا ْﺳ� ِﺘ� ٌ‬ ‫� �اﻟﺮ ِّ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﺼ َﻄﲀ واﳌ َ ْﺼ َﻄﲀ ُء‪ :‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻮن‪َ :‬دوا ٌء ُﻣ َﻤ ْﺼ َﻄ ٌﻚ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻮﺿﻮ ٌع ﻓيﻪ اﳌ َ ْﺼ َﻄﲀ؛ ﻗﺎ َل‬ ‫ﻄﻮن ﺑﻪ ا�� و َاء‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫َﳜ ِﻠ َ‬
‫ا ٔ� ْ�ﻠَ ُﺐ اﻟ ِﻌ ْ� �ﲇ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎ َم ﻓﳱﺎ ِﻣث َﻞ ِﻣ ْﺤﺮ ِاث اﻟﻐَﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺜﻞ اﳌ َ ْﺼ َﻄﲀ‬ ‫ﺗَﻘ ِﺬ ُف َﻋ ْﯿﻨﺎﻩ ﲟِ ِ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‪ (mastic, mastic) :‬ﰲ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻄﺮان‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻮق ا ٔ� ْﺳ ُﻘ ِﻒ‪َ ،‬‬
‫ودون اﻟ �ﺒ ْﻄ ِﺮ�َ ْﺮك‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﻄﺮ ُان وا ِﳌ ْﻄﺮ ُان‪ُ :‬رﺗْﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮﺗ َِﺐ اﻟ َﻜنَﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ُﺔ ُﻣ ْﻘتَ َﻄﻌ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣيﻄﺮان(‪ ،‬وﺗ� َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ � ْ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﳼ‬ ‫و�ﺎﴐ ِة اﻟﺒِﻼ ِد؛ ٔ� �ن ُﻛ ْﺮ �‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾ ِ�‪) :‬ﻣﱰوﺑﻮﻟﯿﺘيﺲ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ِﺔ ا �� ِّم‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ �‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ا �ٕﻻ ﰲ اﳊَﻮ ِاﴐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌ َ ْﻄﺮ ِان ﻻ ُ‬

‫‪۳٦۹‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌﻤﻮ ِدﯾ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﻞ‬‫ﺧﻮل إﱃ اﻟﻨ� ْﴫاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻣﺎ ٌء ﯾُ ْﺘﲆ �ﻠﯿﻪ ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻ ْﳒ ِ‬ ‫�ب ا�� ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﻌﻤﻮ ِدﯾ � ُﺔ‪ :‬ﱔ ُ‬
‫وﯾَﻐ ِﻤ ُﺲ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى ﻓيﻪ ٔأ ْوﻻدَﱒ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﻬﺎرة‪.‬‬‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮذﯾﺖ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ْﻐﻨﺎﻃيﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻄيﺲ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺮ َﳚ ِﺬ ُب اﳊَﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻃيﺲ وا ِﳌ ْﻐﻨَ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌ ْﻐ ُ‬
‫ا�دي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ر�ﳯﺎرت دوزي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﯾﻮ� �ﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺮي واﻟ َﻔ ْﲑوز �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ْﻜﺮوب )ﻣي ْﻜﺮوب(‪:‬‬
‫ﻌيﺶ ﰲ اﳌﺎ ِء وا�� ِم‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮ ﰷ�ِ ٌﻦ َﺻﻐﲑٌ ﻻ �ُﺮى �ﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ اﳌ ُ �‬
‫ﺠﺮد ِة‪ُ � ،‬ﺴ ِبّ ُﺐ ا ٔ� ْﻣﺮ َاض‪ ،‬ﯾ َ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻬَﻮاء‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻮت ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ﯾﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿتَﲔِ ‪ٔ ،(mikros) :‬أي‪َ :‬ﺻﻐﲑٌ ‪ ،‬و)‪،(bious‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َﻣ ْن ٌ‬
‫�‪.‬‬
‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ّ َ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣﻼب‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﻮر‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ا ٌ‬
‫ﰟ �لﻠﺰ ْﻋ َﻔﺮان‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻧْﻮاعِ اﻟ ُﻌ ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ُ ) :‬ﻣﻼب(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬
‫ﰻ ِﻋ ْﻄ ٍﺮ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ﻻ ﺗُﻮ َ�ﺪُ ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ِﻣث َﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋِﻊٍ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ٔأﳖ� ﺎ ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣﻠْﯿﺎر‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌﻠْ ُﯿﺎر‪ٔ :‬أﻟْ ُﻒ ِﻣﻠْﯿﻮن‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(milliard) :‬‬

‫‪۳۷۰‬‬
 ‫‪ِ -‬ﻣ ِﻠي ْﺸ�ﯿﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫�ﺎص � ِﺑ ٌﻊ ِﳊ ْﺰ ٍب ٔأو َ ْ‬
‫ﴯ ٍﺺ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ِﻠيﺸ� �ﯿ ٌ‬ ‫‪�َ -‬يْ ٌﺶ �‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪.(militia) :‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣﻠْﯿﻮن‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌﻠْ ُ‬
‫ﯿﻮن‪ٔ :‬أﻟْ ُﻒ ٔأﻟْﻒ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ�ْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(million) :‬‬
‫نﺎورة‪:‬‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﻣ َ‬
‫ﯾﺐ ٔأو‬ ‫بيﻞ اﻟﺘ� ْﺪر ِ‬
‫ﯿﻮش �ﲆ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﻨﺎورةُ‪َ َ :‬ﲻﻠ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﻋ َْﺴﻜﺮﯾ � ٌﺔ َو ْﳘ �ﯿ ٌﺔ ﺗَﻘﻮ ُم ﲠﺎ اﳉُ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ ُ َ‬
‫ا ِﳋﺪاعِ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ا�� ﺳﺎ�ِ ِﺲ اﻟ ِ ّﺴ�ﯿﺎﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣﳯﺎ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪�َ :‬و َر‬
‫ﯾُﻨﺎ ِور‪.‬‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،(manovra) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(manevra) :‬و ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﻜﻮ ٌن ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ‪ ،(manu) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﯿ ِﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺗيﲏ‪(manuopera) :‬؛ ُﻣ �‬ ‫وا ٔ� ْﺻ ُﻞ �‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ اﳌ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺮﻛ ٌﺔ ﺗ ِ �َﱲ ﲟَﻬﺎر ٍة وٕاﺗْﻘﺎن‪.‬‬
‫و)‪ ،(opera‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْن َﺠ ِﻨﯿﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﯿﻖ‪ :‬آ آ ٌ� �ُ ْﺮﱉ ﲠﺎ ا ِﳊ�ﺎر ُة ﰷﻧ َﺖ � ُ ْﺴ� َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ �َ ِّك اﳊ ِ‬
‫ُﺼﻮن ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻖ وا ِﳌ ْﻨ َﺠ ُ‬‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﻨ َﺠ ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﺗُﺬﻛ� ُﺮ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﺟنَﻖ ْﳚ ِﻨﻖ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬رﱉ �ﳌ َ ْﻨ َﺠ ِ‬
‫ﻨﯿﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫وﱔ ُﻣﺆﻧ �ﺜ ٌﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻧﯿﻖ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ر َﻣﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻖ(‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻧ ََﺼﺒﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و)ﺟن�ﻘﻮﱒ �ﳌ َ�ﺎ ِ‬ ‫و) َﺟن � ُﻘﻮا و َﻣ ْﺠﻨَ ُﻘﻮا اﳌَ�ﺎ َ‬
‫ﺪ�ﺮﻫﺎ و�َ ْﺮﱊ �ﻠﳱﺎ‪�) :‬ﺎ ِﻧﻖ‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻖ �ا�ي ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑأٔ ْﺣ�ﺎ ِرﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و� ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ اﻟﻮا ِﻗ ُﻒ �ﲆ اﳌ َ ْﻨ َﺠ ِ‬
‫ﻨﻮق‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻠﯿﻖ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْن َﺠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻖ ﻟُ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺘﺎن‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْن َ� ٌ‬ ‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﳉُ ُﻨ ُﻖ(‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻨ َﺠ ِ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻨﯿﻘﺎت‪ ،‬و َﻣ�ﺎﻧﯿﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻣنْ َﺠ ٍ‬

‫‪۳۷۱‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َ� ْﻪ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ُء ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﻦ �ﻲ ﻧﯿﻚ(‪ ،‬وﰲ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬ﻣنﻚ ﺟنﻚ‬ ‫ِﻧﯿﻚ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٔأ ْﺟ َﻮدَﱐ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﳛ َﺘ ِﻤ ُﻞ ٔأن َ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ اﳊ َْﺮ ِب‪ٔ ،‬أو )ﻣن�ﻚ ﻧﯿﻚ(‪ ،‬و)ﻣن�ﻚ(‬ ‫ﻠﻮب َﺟ ِيّ ٍﺪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻚ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺳ ٍ‬
‫�رِﺗﻔﺎ َع اﳉَ ّﯿِﺪَ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫�رِﺗﻔﺎ ُع إﱃ ﻓﻮق‪ ،‬و)ﻧﯿﻚ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳉَ ِ ّﯿ ِﺪ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،(magganik-on) :‬وذ َﻛ َﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ور ٔأى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﱄ ﺟﻮزي ﰲ ْاﺻ ِﻄﻼ�ﺎ ِﺗﻪ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣنْﺪﯾﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪﯾﻞ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻣ َﺴ ْﺤ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﺗَﻨَ �ﺪﻟْ ُﺖ � ِﳌ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫ﻤﺴ ُﺢ ﺑﻪ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌ ْﻨﺪﯾ ُﻞ واﳌ َ ْﻨﺪﯾ ُﻞ وا ِﳌ ْﻨﺪَ ُل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﯾُ َ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﺎول‪،‬‬ ‫ﰞ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﺘ� ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘﻘ�ﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� ْﺪ ِل‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬اﻟﻮ َ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ُ‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�؛ ْ‬
‫وﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(mandèelei-on) :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣﻬ َْﺮ�ﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﺪال اﳋَﺮ ّ‬
‫ﯾﻔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ َو ْﻗ ِﺖ � ْﻋ ِﺘ ِ‬ ‫ْﺮ�ﺎن‪ :‬ﻋﯿ ٌﺪ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌَﻬ ُ‬
‫ﺤﻮت ِﻣﻦ َ ِﳇﻤ َﺘﲔِ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿتَﲔِ ؛ ﻫﲈ‪�) :‬ﺮ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳊ ِ ُّﺐ‪ ،‬و)ﮔﺎن(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪:‬‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻣنْ ٌ‬
‫اﳌُﺘ� ِﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻬ َْﺮق‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ُﺔ اﻟ َﺒ ْﯿﻀﺎ ُء اﻟ�ﱵ �ُﻜتَ ُﺐ ﻓﳱﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﱔ ِﺧ ْﺮﻗ ٌﺔ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﺗُﺼ َﻘ ُﻞ ﻗَﺪﳝًﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌُﻬ َْﺮ ُق‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻤﻎَ‪ ،‬وﯾَﺼ ُﻘﻠﻮﻧ َﻪ ُ �ﰒ‬‫و�ُﻜتَ ُﺐ ﻓﳱﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو ﺛَ ْﻮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ َﺣﺮ� ٍﺮ ٔأﺑْ َﯿ َﺾ ﰷﻧﻮا � َْﺴﻘﻮﻧ َﻪ �‬
‫تﺒﻮن ﻓيﻪ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬اﳌَﻬﺎ ِر ِق؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬ ‫�َ ْﻜ َ‬
‫ُﻨﻮﺷﺪَ ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻬﺎر ِق ٔأ�ْﺸَ ﺪا‬ ‫رﰊ َﻛﺮ ٌﱘ ﻻ �ُ ِّ‬
‫ﻜﺪ ُر ِﻧ ْﻌﻤ ًﺔ * وٕاذا ﺗ ِ‬ ‫ِّ‬
‫�ﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔ ِﺔ اﳌ َ ْﺼﻘﻮ ِ�؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﺤﺮا َء اﳌَﻠْﺴﺎ َء �ﳌُﻬ َْﺮ ِق؛ � َ ْﺸبﳱًﺎ �‬
‫وﲰﻮا �‬‫َ�‬

‫‪۳۷۲‬‬
 ‫ﻨﺎز ِل ِﻣﻦ َﺷﻬْ ٍﺮ و ٔأ ْﺣﻮ ِال * � آ ِل ٔآ ْﺳﲈ َء ِﻣث َﻞ اﳌُﻬ َْﺮ ِق اﻟﺒﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﰼ لﻠ َﻤ ِ‬
‫َﺮي ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪�) :‬ﺮ�ﺮر(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬
‫ﻈﻮر‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ �‬
‫ﻠﻮن ﲠﺎ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ َب‬‫اﻟﺼﻮ ُاب؛ ٔ� �ن اﳋ ََﺮز َة اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾَﺼ ُﻘ َ‬ ‫ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪ُ ) :‬ﻣﻬْﺮ�ﺮد(‪ٔ ،‬أو ) ُﻣﻬ َْﺮ ْﻩ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ُ ) :‬ﻣﻬ َْﺮكْ (‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫�ُﺴ �ﻤﻰ ﻛﺬ� ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ُ‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻬ ُْﺮﻗﺎن‪:‬‬
‫ﻀﺎن اﳌﺎ ِء؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ُ�ﻦ ُﻣﻘب ٍِﻞ‪:‬‬‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ ﻓَ َي ِ‬‫ﻗﺎن‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺮ‪ٔ ،‬أو َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎن واﳌَﻬ َْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎن واﳌُﻬ َْﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ -‬اﳌُﻬ ُْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﯿﻞ ﺳﺎ ِ� ُ�‬ ‫ﻓﺎض �لﻠ � ِ‬‫ﻗﺎن َ‬ ‫ﺗَ َﻤ �ﴙ ﺑ ِﻪ ﻧ َ ْﻔ ُﺮ ِّاﻟﻈﺒﺎ ِء ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ * َﺟﲎ ُﻣﻬ ُْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﻀﺎن اﳌﺎ ِء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗي َﻞ‪ :‬ا �ٕن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪َ ،‬وو ْ ﻧزُﻪ ) ُﻣ ْﻔ ُﻌﻼن( ِﻣﻦ )ﻫ ََﺮ َق اﳌﺎء(؛ ﻟ َﻔ َي ِ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ُﻘﺪَ ﻣﺎ ُء ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪) :‬ﻣﺎﱔ رو�ن(‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫و �‬
‫ﺣﲓ ذ� اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َل‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأ �ن‬ ‫ﺘﻮر‪ /‬ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ِﻚ‪ ،‬وﺧ �َﻄأ� ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ذوي ُوﺟﻮ ِﻩ �‬
‫ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪َ :‬ﻣﻬ َْﺮﰷن‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -‬ﻣﻮ ِﺳ�ﯿ َﻘﻰ ) ُﻣﻮ ِﺳ�ﯿﻘﺎ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﺻﻨﺎ� ُﺔ ا ٔ�ﻧْﻐﺎ ِم وا ٔ�ﻟْ�ﺎن‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(mousikè) :‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻣيﺪا ِﻟﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ا ِﳌﯿﺪاﻟﯿ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻮﺳﺎ ُم‪ ،‬وﻗُ ْﺮ ٌص َﻣﻌ ِﺪ �ﱐ َﺻﻐﲑٌ ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ِ :‬ﻣيﺪاﻟﯿﺎت‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(Medaglia) :‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﻼﺗﯿني� ِﺔ‪،(metallum) :‬‬
‫ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﳌَﻌ ِﺪن‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻣ ْيﺪان‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﺎن ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﻓيﻪ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻣ َ‬
‫يﺎد�ﻦ‬ ‫ﺒﺎق اﳋَ ْﯿ ِﻞ‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ْﯿ ُ‬ ‫ﲀن ُﻣت � ِﺴ ٌﻊ ُﻣ َﻌ �ﺪ ِﻟ ِﺴ� ِ‬
‫ﺪان‪َ :‬ﻣ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌ َ ْﯿ ُ‬
‫و َﻣيﺎﻃﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪۳۷۳‬‬
‫ا ْﺧ ُت ِﻠ َﻒ ﰲ ٔأ ْﺻ ِ�؛ ِﳁﻦ ﻗﺎﺋِ ٍﻞ ﺑأٔ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ� َﻋﺮ �ﰊ ِﻣﻦ اﳌ َ ْﯿ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳊ ََﺮﻛ ِﺔ و�ﺿْ ِﻄﺮ ِاب؛‬
‫ﻮل ﻓيﻪ وﺗَﻀْ َﻄ ِﺮ ُب‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﺪى ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ اﻟﻐﺎﯾ ِﺔ؛ ٔ� �ن اﳋَ ْﯿ َﻞ ﺗَﺒﻠُ ُﻎ اﻟﻐﺎﯾ َﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ٔ� �ن اﳋَ ْﯿ َﻞ َﲡ ُ‬
‫ﻻن واﳉ َْﺮ َي ﻓيﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉ َْﺮ ِي ﻓيﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أو ِﻣﻦ َﻣﺪَ َن ﯾَﻤﺪُ ُن‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ٔ :‬أﻗﺎ َم؛ ِلﻠُﺰو ِم اﳋَ ْﯿ ِﻞ اﳉ ََﻮ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﻣيﺪان(‪ ،‬وﱔ َ ِﳇﻤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ور ٔأى ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻈ ْﺮﻓي� ِﺔ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﴩ ِاب‪ ،‬و)دان( ﻻ ِﺣﻘ ٌﺔ ﺗَﺪُ �ل �ﲆ �‬ ‫ُﻣﺮﻛ�ﺒ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ِﺷﻘ�ﲔِ ‪ِ ) :‬ﻣﻲ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪� :‬‬
‫ﺑﻮن ﻓيﻪ اﳋَ ْﻤ َﺮ‪،‬‬
‫َﴩ َ‬ ‫ﲀن �ا�ي ﰷﻧﻮا � َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِاب‪� َ ،‬ﲰﻮا ﺑﻪ اﳌ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓيﻜﻮن َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪َ :‬ﻣ َ� �ﻞ �‬‫اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأن َ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً�‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﺎق‪َ ،‬ور �ﺟ َﺢ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫ُ �ﰒ ٔأ ْﻃﻠَﻘﻮﻩ �ﲆ اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﲀن اﳌ ُ َﻌ ِّﺪ لﻠ ِ ّﺴ� ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ا ��ﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ور ٔأى ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‬ ‫ﻼف ﰲ ا ْﺷ� ِﺘﻘﺎ ِﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜن�ﻪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﱂ َﳚ ِْﺪ � ٔأ ْﺻ ًﻼ ﰲ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻼ ْﺧ ِت ِ‬
‫اﻟﴩ ِاب‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ‬ ‫ﻻ ﯾُﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ اﻟت � ْﺴﻠ ُﲓ �ﺮ ٔأ ِي �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ؛ ٔ� �ن ﺗ� َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﱂ �َ ِﺮ ْد ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻣ َ� ِ ّﻞ �‬
‫َو َرد َْت ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ِ :‬و�ﺎ ِء اﳋَ ْﻤﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۷٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ُ�� -‬ﺬاﻩ‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻧَﻮا ِ�ﺬ ٌة‪ ،‬وﯾُﺼﺎ ُغ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ� ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ِﺔ َورﺋ ُيﺴﻬﺎ واﳌ ُ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺘﻮﱄ ُﻟﺸﺆوﳖِ ﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ�ﺎ�ُﺬاﻩ‪ُ ِ :‬‬
‫ِﻣﳯﺎ ِﻓﻌ ٌﻞ‪ :‬ﺗَﻨَ �� َﺬ‪ ،‬وا ٔ� ْﺷﻬ َُﺮ ��� ِال‪ :‬اﻟﻨ�ﻮا ِ�ﺪة‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ُ��) :‬ﺬاﻩ(‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ‪�) :‬و( ٔأي‪َ :‬ﺳﻔيﻨ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و)�ﺪا( ٔأي‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪�َ -‬ر ِﺟيﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪي‪ ،‬و ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ�ﺎر�ﯿ ُ�‪ ،‬وﱔ ٔأدا ُة ﺗ َْﺪ�ﲔِ اﻟﺘ�نْ ِ‬
‫بﺎك؛ ٔ�ﳖ� ﺎ ﺑﺪَ �أ ْت‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� َﺎر ِﺟي ُﻞ‪ :‬اﳉ َْﻮ ُز اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ �‬
‫َﻣ ْﺼﻨﻮ� ًﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﺎرﺟيﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬رﮔﯿﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬ﺳﻮر‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ َﲢﺪُ ُث ٔآﯾﻀً ﺎ ﰲ اﳌ َ ْﻘ َﻌﺪ ِة وﰲ ال ِﻠ ّﺜَ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺎﺳﻮر‪َ �ٌ � �ِ :‬ﲢﺪُ ُث ﰲ ﻣآٓﰶ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺮ ُق �ا�ي ﯾ َ َﱪ �أ و� َْﺸﻔﻰ ﰲ �‬
‫اﻟﻈﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﻃ ِﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪.(nocouro) :‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ٔأو � ْ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪� -‬ﺳﻮت‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﺳﻮت‪ :‬ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ ُﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆِ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ ا �ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌ ِﺔ ا ٕﻻ�ْﺴﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫ﺪي‪ ،‬و�ُﺮا ُد ﺑﻪ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌﻘيﺪ ِة‬ ‫ﺎﺳﻮت َﺟ َﺴ �‬ ‫ﻫﻮت‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺸ� َﺘ �ﻖ ِﻣﻦ ا ٕﻻ ِ�‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ُ‬‫وﺿﺪ�ﻩ �اﻟﻼ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ذات َﻃﺒﯿﻌ ٍﺔ إﻟﻬ �ﯿ ٍﺔ– � �ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌ ِﺔ ا ٕﻻ�ْﺴﺎﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ‪-‬وﱔ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ْﴫاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺗَﻠَب � ُﺲ َ ِ‬
‫ﴯ ِﺺ اﳌَﺴ�ﯿ ِﺢ �ﻠﯿﻪ ا �ﻟﺴﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫وا ْﺟ ِتﲈﻋُﻬﲈ ﰲ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ (noshoutho) :‬أي‪ :‬اﻟبَ َﴩﯾ�ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬

‫‪۳۷٥‬‬
 ‫‪� -‬ﻃﻮر‪:‬‬
‫وﲨ ُﻊ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﺎﻃﻮر‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ َﺠ ِﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻮر واﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻃ ُﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َﻣﻦ ﯾَﻘﻮ ُم �ﲆ ِر�ﺎﯾ ِﺔ اﻟﻨ�� ِْﻞ و �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� ُ‬
‫وﲨ ُﻊ اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻃ ِﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� �ﻄ ُﺎر واﻟﻨ� َﻄﺮا ُء‪ ،‬واﳌَﺼﺪَ ُر‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ْﻄ ُﺮ واﻟ ِﻨّﻄﺎرةُ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻃﲑ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨ�ﻮ ُ‬
‫ﻧ ََﻄ َﺮ ﯾ َ ُﻨﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﻇﻮر"‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ٔ�ﻣﲔِ ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻄﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ "اﻟﻨ� ُ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ ﻧ َ َﺒ �‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺎء‪ ،‬ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻈ َﺎء ً‬ ‫ﺒﻮن �‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ� َﻈ ِﺮ؛ ذ� ٔأ �ن اﻟﻨ� َﺒﻂَ ﯾَﻘ ِﻠ َ‬
‫وﺻﺎن‪ ،‬وﻻ َﺣﻆَ‪ ،‬وراﻗَﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(notouro‬واﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ‪ ،(notro) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﻔﻆَ‪َ ،‬‬
‫‪ِ � -‬ﻓ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻈ ْ ِﱯ ﰷﻟ ِﻮ�ﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و ِ‬
‫اﳉﺎرﯾ ُﺔ اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻓ� ُﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻓ� ُﺔ‪ :‬ا ِﳉ ْ� ُة اﻟ�ﱵ َ ْﳚ ِﳣ ُﻊ ﲠﺎ ا ِﳌ ْﺴ ُﻚ ﰲ ِﺟ ْﺴ ِﻢ �‬
‫وﲨ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻧَﻮا ِﻓ ُﺞ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ�ﺎ ِﻓﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأي‪ :‬اﳊَ ْﺴ�ﻨﺎ ُء‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻮﱊ ٔأ �ن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆَ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ َﲱ ٌﯿﺢ‪ ،‬وﻟيﺲ ﻣﺎ َذﻫ ََﺐ إﻟﯿﻪ َﺑﺼ ٍ‬ ‫َز َ َﰪ اﻟ َﻔي� �‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻓﻪ(‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(nafak) :‬وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪� -‬ي‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﻮب؛‬‫ﺒﻮب ﰲ َﺟﻮا ِﻧﺒِﻪ ﺛُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ َﺮ ِب والﻠ�ﻬْ ِﻮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻋﺒﺎر ٌة ﻋﻦ �أﻧْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻻت �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� ُﺎي‪ :‬آ آ ٌ� ِﻣﻦ آ آ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫ﴭ َﻮﻩ ٔأن ﯾُﻮﺿَ ﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻨ ِﺞ ﯾ َ ْﺒﲄ َ ْ‬
‫واﻟﻨ�ﺎي نَ ْﺮ ِم و�َ ْﺮﺑَﻂٍ ذي ُ �ﲝ ٍﺔ * و �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ َ�) :‬ي(؛ ٔأ �ﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪) :‬اﻟﻨ�ﺎي نَ ْﺮم(؛ ﻓﺎﻟﻨ� ُﺎي ِﻣﻦ‬
‫وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ َ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﻛﲈ ﱔ ﺑأٔ ْﺻ ِﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﰪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻻت اﳌﻮﺳ�ﯿﻘي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬و)نَ ْﺮم( ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ِ ِ‬ ‫ا� آ ِ‬
‫دون ﺗَ ْﻐﯿﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﳼ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎر ِّ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻧ ْﱪاس‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎح‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬ﻧ َﺒﺎ ِر َس وﻧ َﺒﺎر�ﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻨّ ْﱪ ُاس‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﺼ ُ‬

‫‪۳۷٦‬‬
‫اﻟﱪ ِس‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄ ِﻦ؛‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ِﻣﻦ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﱂ ﯾ َ ُﻘ ْﻞ ﺑ َﺘ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ ٔأ �ي ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﲱ ِﺎب اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫ﻌﯿﻒ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎق ﺿَ ٌ‬ ‫ٔ� �ن ﻓَتﯿﻠ َﺘﻪ �ﺎ ِﻟ ًﺒﺎ ﺗُﺘ�� َُﺬ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄ ِﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ْﺷ� ِﺘ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(nabreshto) :‬و)‪،(noubrasho‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮ ُاب؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ور ٔأﯾُﻪ �‬
‫ﻌﻞ‪ ،(nabrèshe) :‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ٔ :‬أ ْﺷ َﻌ َﻞ‬ ‫ﺪان‪ ،‬و َﻣﻮ ِﻗﺪُ الﻠ�ﻬ َِﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِﻌ ُ‬
‫و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪� :‬‬
‫ﴐم‪.‬‬‫و ٔأ ْ َ‬
‫‪ -‬نَ ْﺮ ِﺟﺲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﲊ ِﺟ ُﺲ‪ :‬ﻧ َ ْب ٌﺖ � ر ِاﲘ ٌﺔ َﻃ ّﯿِﺒ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺷ�ﳢ� ﻮا ﺑﻪ ا ٔ� ْ� ُ َﲔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﲊ ِﺟ ُﺲ و ِ ّ ْ‬
‫‪ْ� -‬‬
‫ﻓأٔ ْﻣ َﻄ َﺮ ْت ﻟُ ْﺆﻟُ ًﺆا ِﻣﻦ نَ ْﺮ ِﺟ ٍﺲ َوﺳ َﻘ ْﺖ * َو ْردًا و َﻋﻀ� ْﺖ �ﲆ اﻟ ُﻌﻨ� ِﺎب َ َ‬
‫�ﻟﱪ ِد‬
‫ﺮب ) ِﻓ ْﻌ ِﻠﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻣث ُﻞ‪ْ ِ :‬ﳗ ِﺮس(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﯿﻜﻮن �ﲆ ﺑِﻨﺎ ٍء ِﻣﻦ ٔأﺑْ ِني ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫وا ٔ�ﻓْﻀَ ُﻞ ٔأن ﯾُﻘﺎ َل‪ِ ) :‬ن ْﺮ ِﺟﺲ(؛ َ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬نَ ْﺮ ِﮔﺲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬نَ ْﺮ َﻣﻖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﲊ َﻣ ُﻖ‪ :‬الﻠ � ِ ّ ُﲔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬
‫ﯿﺎب؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ْ� -‬‬
‫ْﻄﺎﻻ ُ� ونَ ْﺮ َﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ٔأ�َ �ﺪ ٔأﺧ ً‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ�‪) :‬نَ ْﺮ َﻣﻪْ‪ /‬نَ ْﺮ ْم(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬الﻠ � ِ ّ ِﲔ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎﰪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺘﻮر‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬نﺮﻣﻚ(‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ْ ُ � -‬ﺴ� ُﺘﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟن � ْﺴ� ُﺘ ُﻖ‪ :‬اﳋَﺪَ ُم واﳊَﺸَ ُﻢ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ :‬اﻟبَ ْﺴ� َﺘﻖ؛ ﻗﺎ َل �َ ِﺪ �ي ُ�ﻦ زﯾ ٍﺪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َ ِﲅ‬
‫ﻻن ﰲ �‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎﻓ ِﺔ ﰷﻟ ِﻐ ْﺰ ِ‬ ‫ﯾ َ ْﻨ ُﺼ ُﻔﻬﺎ � ُ ْﺴ� ُﺘﻖٌ �َﲀ ُد �ُﻜ ِﺮ ُﻣﻬﻢ * ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪ْ َ �) :‬ﺴ� َﺘﻪْ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬
‫ﺴﺎن �اﻟﺮو ِم �َﳫ� َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌﺮب(‪،‬‬ ‫َﺮي‪�ٔ ) :‬ﻧ �ﻪ ﺑ ِﻠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ا ٔ� ْزﻫ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺑﻮط‪ ،‬وﰲ ال ِﻠ ّ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎن ﻧ َ ْﻘ ًﻼ ِ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ْﺮ ُ‬

‫‪۳۷۷‬‬
 ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺢ ﻛﲈ ﻗَ �ﺮ َر ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫ا�دي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �‬ ‫َوذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﲑوز �‬
‫ﺣﲓ؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫�اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ْ �ِ -‬ﴪ�ﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮي‪ ،‬ذو ر ِاﲘ ٍﺔ ﻗَﻮﯾ � ٍﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻮا ِ�ﺪ ُة ِﻣنﻪ‪ْ �ِ :‬ﴪﯾﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﴪ ُ�ﻦ‪َ :‬و ْر ٌد ٔأﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ ِﻋ ْﻄ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِن ّ ْ ِ‬
‫ﴪ�ﻦ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ْ َ �) :‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ � -‬ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻄﻮرﯾ�ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻄﻮر َس( ﺑ َ ْﻄ ِﺮ�َ ْﺮ ِك‬ ‫ﻤﻮن إﱃ )� ُ ْﺴ ِ‬ ‫َﺐ ﰲ اﻟﻨ� ْﴫاﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾَنْتَ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟن � ْﺴ ُﻄ ِﻮرﯾ � ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻣﺬﻫ ٌ‬
‫�ﯿﺢ و�ﺳﻮﺗَﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻫﻮت اﳌَﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﰷن �َﺮى ٔأ �ن َ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺴ َﻄ ْﻨﻄﯿني ِﺔ )‪٤٣١ – ٤٢٨‬م( �ا�ي َ‬
‫ذات وا ِ�ﺪ ٍة‪ ،‬ﳀﺎﻟَ َﻒ ﺑﺬ� ٔأ �ﻣ َﺔ اﻟﻨ� ْﴫاﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰷ� ُﻣتَ ّ ِﻔﺮﻗَﲔِ ﻻ ُﻣت� ِ�ﺪَ ِ�ﻦ ﰲ ٍ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ �اﻟﺮوﻣي� ِﺔ‪.(Nestorius) :‬‬
‫‪َ� -‬ﺸَ ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻮب‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ � ُ ْﺴ�ﺘﺨ َْﺮ ُج ِﻣﻦ ا ِﳊ ْﻨﻄ ِﺔ ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﻧ َ ْﻘ ِﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ﻜﱶ ﰲ اﳊُ ِ‬ ‫ﺤﻮق ٔأﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ �َ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟن�ﺸَ ﺎ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺴ ٌ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺗَﻠﲔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣ ْﻤﺪو ُد )اﻟن�ﺸﺎ ِء( و َﻣ ْﻘ ُ‬
‫ﺼﻮر )اﻟن�ﺸَ ﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫�‬
‫�ﺎﱐ‪،‬‬‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪َ�) :‬ﺸَ ﺎ ْﺳ� َﺘﺞ(‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ َ� َﺬﻓﻮا اﳉ ُْﺰ َء اﻟﺜ َ‬
‫�ﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ اﳊَﺪﯾﺜ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ �ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪َ�) :‬ﺸَ ﺎ(‪ ،‬و)�َﺸَ ﺎ ْﺳ� َﺘﺞ( ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ )�َﺸَ ﺎ ْﺳ� َﺘﻪْ( ِ‬
‫)�َﺸَ ﺎ ْﺳ� َﺘ ْﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧ َ ْﻌﻨﺎع‪:‬‬
‫َﺒﺎت ذو ر ِاﲘ ٍﺔ َﻃ ّﯿِﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� ْﻌﻨَﺎعُ‪ :‬ﻧ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﻧﻪ(‪.‬‬‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬

‫‪۳۷۸‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﳖَ ْ َﺮوان‪:‬‬
‫وواﺳﻂٍ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﺛَﻼﺛ ُﺔ ﳖَ ْ َﺮ ٍ‬
‫وا�ت‪ ،‬ﺗَ َﻘ ُﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺑَﻐْﺪا َد ِ‬ ‫ﻮﺿﻊ ٍ ﯾ َ َﻘ ُﻊ ْ َ‬‫ﰟ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫وان‪ :‬ا ُ‬‫‪ -‬ا�ﳯ� ْ َﺮ ُ‬
‫�ﲇ ِ�ﻦ ٔأﰊ ﻃﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫نﲔ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻣﲑ اﳌ ُ ْﺆ ِﻣ َ‬‫ا ٔ� ْ�ﲆ وا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻔ ِﻞ و َاﻟﻮ َﺳﻂِ‪ ،‬ﰷن ﲠﺎ َو ْﻗﻌ ٌﺔ ٔ� ِ‬
‫ﻮن‪) :‬ﳖِ ْ َﺮ ُ‬
‫وان(‬ ‫ﴪ اﻟﻨ� ِ‬ ‫وان‪ ،‬و َﻛ ْ ُ‬ ‫وان‪ ،‬وﳖُ ْ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫وان‪ ،‬وﳖَ ْ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫وان‪ ،‬وﳖَ ْ ِﺮ ُ‬ ‫وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬ﳖَ ْ َﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ِّ‬
‫اﻟﻄ ِﺮ �ﻣ ُﺎح‪:‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل ﺑأٔدا ِة اﻟﺘ� ْﻌﺮ ِﯾﻒ و ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗَ ْﻮ ُل اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾُ ُ‬
‫وان ا ْﻏ ِﺘﲈﱊ * ودَ�ﺎﱐ ﻫَﻮى اﻟ ُﻌ ِ‬
‫ﯿﻮن ا ِﳌﺮ ِاض‬ ‫ﻗَ �ﻞ ﰲ َﺷﻂِّ ﳖَ ْ َﺮ َ‬
‫ﻮي ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َ�‪) :‬ﺟﻮروان(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫�ﻗﻮت اﳊَ ْﻤ �‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ٌ‬
‫ﰟ ﳖَ ْ ٍﺮ ﰷﻧ َﺖ ﻓﺎ ِر ُس ﻗﺪ َﺣ َﻔ َﺮﺗْﻪ‪ ،‬و ْاﺳت َ ْب َﻌﺪَ ذ�‬ ‫ﯿﺖ اﳌَﺪﯾﻨ ُﺔ � ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳯ� ْ ُﺮ اﳉﺎري؛ إذ ُ ِّﲰ ِ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ا ٔ� �و َل )ﳖَ ْﺮ( َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ �أﺿﯿ َﻔ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ‪ ،‬ور ٔأى ٔأ �ن ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻟ�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ )روان(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳉﺎري‪ ،‬و ُ� ِﺬﻓَ ْﺖ إ�ﺪى �اﻟﺮ َاء�ﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َِ‬
‫ُﻮﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧ ّ‬
‫ﺪ�ﺮ ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ َﺔ ﰲ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬واﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ ﻧَﻮا ّﰐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮ اﳌ َ �ﻼ ُح �ا�ي ﯾُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪(nautikos) :‬؛‬ ‫َﺮي ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ َ� ِم ٔأﻫ ِْﻞ �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬
‫ﺴﻮب إﱃ )‪ ،(naus‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا �ﻟﺴﻔيﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و�ُﺮا ُد ﺑﻪ‪ :‬اﳌ َ �ﻼ ُح اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ّ‬
‫ﺮي‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َﻣنْ ٌ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧ َْﻮ َﺟﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪاس ﲠﺎ اﳊَﺼﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳﻜ� ُﺔ اﳊ �َﺮ ِاث‪ ،‬وآ آ ٌ� ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳋَ َﺸ�ﺒ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ �ُ َﻜﺮ ُب ﲠﺎ ا ٔ� ْر ُض‪ِ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(nagro) :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧ َْﻮ َرج‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� َﻮر ُج واﻟﻨ� ْ َﲑ ُج واﻟﻨ� ْﻮ َﺟ ُﺮ‪ :‬اﳊَﺪﯾﺪ ُة اﻟ�ﱵ ُ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن ﰲ ا ِﳌ ْﺤﺮ ِاث‪ ،‬وﺗ ُ‬
‫ُﺪاس ﲠﺎ ٔأ ْﻋﻮا ُد‬
‫ﺪاس ﺑﻪ �‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎ ُم َ�ﺪﯾﺪً ا‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ ْﻤ ِﺢ اﳌ َ ْﺤﺼﻮ ِد ْ ِ‬
‫و�ﲑﻩ ﻟ َﻔ ْﺼ ِﻞ اﳊ ِ َّﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟ �ﺴ�ﻨﺎﺑ ِِﻞ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﯾُ ُ‬
‫ﰷن ٔأم َﺧ َﺸ� ًﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬

‫‪۳۷۹‬‬
‫اﻟ� ِم ﱔ اﳌ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﴚ‬ ‫ْ�را‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ْﻮر� ُﺔ ﰲ َ‬ ‫ﻼف و �اﻟﱰ �د ُد ٕا ْﻗ ًبﺎﻻ وٕاد ً‬ ‫واﻟﻨ� َﻮر� ُﺔ واﻟﻨ� ْ َﲑ� ُﺔ‪ْ � :‬ﺧ ِت ُ‬
‫�ﻟﻨ�ﻤﳰ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ْ َﲑ ُج‪� :‬اﻟﱰ �د ُد ﰲ ُﴎ� ٍﺔ؛ ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻌ �� ُﺎج‪:‬‬
‫وﻇﻠ � ْﺖ ﻧ ْ ََﲑ�ﺎ‬
‫َﻇ �ﻞ ﯾُﺒﺎرﳞﺎ َ‬
‫اﻟﴪ ُاب‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ْ َﲑ ُج‪ّ ِ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻨ� ْ َﲑ ُج‪� :‬‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ اﻟﻨ� ْﻮ َر ُج واﻟﻨ� ْﲑ ُج واﻟﻨ� ْﻮ َﺟ ُﺮ‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ َ�ﺪﯾﺪ ِة ا ِﳌ ْﺤﺮ ِاث‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫)‪ ،(nagro‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪�َ :‬ﺪﯾﺪ ِة اﳊ �َﺮ ِاث ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻮب ﻋﻨﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أ �ﻣﺎ اﻟﻨ� ْ َﲑ ُج‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﲆ‬ ‫�ﱐ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ� ْﻮ َر ُج َﻣ ْﻘﻠ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ� ْﻮ َﺟ ِﺮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ � ْ‬
‫اﻟﴪ ِ ّ‬
‫ﺪال اﻟﻮا ِو �ء‪.‬‬‫ٕاﺑْ ِ‬
‫ﴚ �ﻟﻨ�ﻤﳰ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ�ر‪ ،‬واﳌ َ ْ ِ‬‫بﺎل وا ٕﻻد ِ‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ :‬اﻟﻨ� ْ َﲑﱋ‪ -‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ ا ٕﻻ ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٔأ �ﻣﺎ اﻟﻨ� ْﲑ ُج ‪ُ -‬وذ ِﻛ َﺮ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤ ِﺮ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻧ ْ َﻧَﲑ ْْﻚ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﳊﯿ ِ� واﳌ َ ْﻜ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ِاب‪ ،‬و ِ ّ‬ ‫و �‬
‫اﻟﻄﻠ � ْﺴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﺤ ِﺮ و ِّ‬‫و ِّ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻧﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﻂ اﻟﻌﻮد َِ�ﻦ �اﻟ� ِ�ﻦ ﰲ آ آ ِ�‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻨّ ُﲑ‪ :‬اﳋَ َﺸ�ﺒ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﺗُﻮﺿَ ُﻊ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ُﻋ ُﻨ َﻘ ِﻲ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ َر ِ�ﻦ‪ ،‬و�َ ِﺮﺑ ُ‬
‫اﳊ َْﺮ ِث‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأﯾﻀً ﺎ اﳋَ َﺸ�ﺒ ُﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ ﯾُ َنﺴ ُﺞ �ﻠﳱﺎ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻨّﲑ ِان وا ٔ�ﻧْﯿﺎر‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﻧﲑ(‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻲ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣي� ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳉَﻮ �‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ ٔأ �ن َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻧﲑا(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ﻓﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺎ‪ٕ ،‬اﻧ �ﲈ ﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻮر ف‪ .‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬ ‫ور ٔأى ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬
‫�ﻮر�ﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫�ﳌ َ ْﻌﻨ َﯿﲔِ اﳌ َ ْﺬ َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧ ْ ََﲒك‪:‬‬
‫ﻘﺎل‪ :‬نَ َﺰ َﻛﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﺼﲑ‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ اﻟ ِﻔﻌ َﻞ‪) :‬نﺰك(‪ ،‬ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻨ� ْ َﲒكُ واﻟﻨ� ْ َﲒ ُق‪� :‬اﻟﺮ ْﻣ ُﺢ اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬
‫�ﺎز‪،‬‬ ‫بيﻞ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َو ْ� ِﻪ َﺣ ّ ٍﻖ‪ ،‬وذ� �ﲆ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﲋكُ ‪َ :‬ر ُﱊ ا ٕﻻ� ْ ِ‬ ‫َﻃ َﻌﻨَﻪ �ﻟﻨ� ْ َﲒ ِك‪ ،‬و � ْ‬
‫ﯿﺎزكَ ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻃ �ﻌ ٌﺎن ﰲ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ ﻧ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺎب َ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ر ُ� ٌﻞ نُ َﺰكٌ ‪ ،‬ونَ �ﺰاكٌ ‪ٔ ،‬أي‪َ :‬ﻋ �ﯿ ٌ‬ ‫ﯾُ ُ‬

‫‪۳۸۰‬‬
‫َﺪﯾﺚ ) ٔأ �ن �يﴗ ﯾَﻘ ُت ُﻞ ا�� ��ﺎ َل �ﻟﻨ� ْ َﲒ ِك(‪ ،‬وﻋﻦ ﻗَ ِيﺲ ِ�ﻦ ٔأﰊ �ﺎز ٍم ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﳊ ِ‬
‫تﺎل‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﺖ َ ْﲻ َﺮو َ�ﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺪي َﻛ ِﺮ َب ﯾﻮ َم اﻟﻘﺎ ِدﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ وﻫﻮ ّ ِ‬
‫ﳛﺮ ُض اﻟﻨ� َﺎس �ﲆ اﻟ ِﻘ ِ‬ ‫)ر ٔأ ُ‬
‫ﳼ ﺗَ ْي ٌﺲ إذا ٔأﻟﻘﻰ ﻧ ْ ََﲒ َﻛﻪ‪.(...‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل‪ٕ ...:‬اﻧ �ﲈ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎر �‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺎ َل �‬
‫ﯿﺎز ِك‬ ‫ﻓيﺎ َﻣﻦ ﻟ َﻘﻠْ ٍﺐ ُﻣ ْﺴ�ﳤَ ﺎ ٍم ٔ�ﻧ � ُﻪ * ِﻣﻦ َاﻟﻮ ْ� ِﺪ َﺷﻜ� ْت ُﻪ ُﺻ ُ‬
‫ﺪور اﻟﻨ� ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾﺚ لﻠﻨ� ْ َﲒ ِك‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ِﺟ ْﺮ ٌم َﺳﲈ ِو �ي ﺳﺎﺑ ٌِﺢ ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻀﺎ ِء‪ ،‬إذا َد َ� َﻞ َﺟ �ﻮ ا ٔ� ْر ِض‬ ‫وﺛَ �ﻤ َﺔ َﻣ ْﻌﲎ َ� ٍ‬
‫ﰷن ِﺷ ًﻬﺎ� ُﻣتَﺴﺎ ِﻗ ًﻄﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻇﻬ ََﺮ ﻛﲈ ﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ا ْ� َ َﱰ َق‪َ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻧ ْ ََﲒ ْﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧ َ ْﯿ َﻔﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﺿ ُﻊ اﳌُت � ِﺴ ُﻊ ِﻣﳯﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ �أﺧﺮى‪ :‬اﻟﻨ�يْ َب ُﻖ‪َ ،‬‬
‫وﰷن‬ ‫اﻟﴪاو ِﯾﻞ‪ :‬اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺺ و �‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻧ َ ْﯿ َﻔ ُﻖ اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻬﻮرا �ﲆ ٔأﻟْ ُﺴ ِﻦ اﻟﻌﺎ �ﻣ ِﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻧﯿ َﻔﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺸ ً‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻧ َ ْﯿ َﻔﻪْ(‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(nafak) :‬وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‬
‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻨّﲓ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺪ ِر‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ ﻓَ ْﺮ ٌو‬‫ﺼﲑ �ا�ي ﻻ ﯾ َ ِﺼ ُﻞ ا �ٕﻻ إﱃ �‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻨّ ُﲓ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ ُو اﻟﺒﺎﱄ‪ٔ ،‬أو اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ ُو اﻟ َﻘ ُ‬
‫ﯿﺎب ٔأو ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌيْ ِﺶ؛‬ ‫ﰻ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻟَ ِ ّ ٌﲔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬‫ﯾُﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ِﻣﻦ ُ�ﻠﻮ ِد ا ٔ�را ِﻧ ِﺐ ﺛَ َﻤ ُﻨﻪ �ﺎلٍ ‪ ،‬و �‬
‫ﻗﺎ َل ُر ْؤﺑ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ٔأرى ذاك ﻓﻠﻦ ﯾَﺪوﻣﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺒﺎب ِنﳰَﺎ‬‫�ُ ْﻜ َﺴ َﲔ ِﻣﻦ ِﻟﲔِ اﻟ �ﺸ� ِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻧﲓ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻨّ ْﺼ ِﻒ ُﻣﻄﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۸۱‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳍﺎء‬

‫ﻫﺎوون‪:‬‬ ‫‪ُ -‬‬

‫اﻟﻬﺎون(‪،‬‬
‫ﻐﺘﺎن )اﻟﻬﺎون‪َ /‬‬ ‫ون‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ِو�ﺎ ٌء ِﻣﻦ َ�ﺪﯾ ٍﺪ ٔأو ُﳓ ٍﺎس ﯾُﺪَ �ق ﻓيﻪ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎو ُ‬
‫‪ُ -‬‬
‫�ﺎز‪ ،‬وا ِﳌﻬْﺮاس‪.‬‬ ‫ُوﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪َ :‬ﻫﻮاو َ�ﻦ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬ا ِﳌ ْﻨ ُ‬
‫َذ َﻛ َﺮ ا ُ�ﻦ ﻓﺎ ِر ٍس ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆٌ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬واﺿْ َﻄ َﺮ َب ا ُ�ﻦ د َُرﯾْ ٍﺪ؛ َﻓﺬ َﻛ َﺮ َﻣ �ﺮ ًة ٔأﻧ �ﻪ َﻋﺮ �ﰊ‪ ،‬و �أﺧﺮى‬
‫ﻈﻮر ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﻘﻲ وا ُ�ﻦ َﻣنْ ٍ‬ ‫َﺮي واﳉَﻮا �‬ ‫وﴏ َح اﳉ َْﻮﻫ �‬ ‫ﳼ‪� َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎر �‬‫ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِ‬
‫ﺤﯿﺢ؛ ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫)ﻫﺎو ْن(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ُ‬
‫�‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻫ ْﺮﺑِﺬ‪:‬‬
‫وﱒ �َﺪَ ُم اﻟﻨ� ِﺎر ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس َوﺳﺪَ نﳤُ ﺎ‪ٔ ،‬أو‬‫‪ -‬اﻟﻬ ِْﺮﺑ ُِﺬ‪ُ :‬ﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ اﻟﻬَﺮاﺑِﺬ ِة واﻟﻬَﺮا ِﺑ ِﺬ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬
‫ﻮن ا ِﳌﺸ�ﯿ َﺔ اﻟ�ﱵ‬‫ﻮن ﲠﻢ‪ ،‬و� َُﺴ �ﻤ َ‬ ‫ﻀﻮن ﺑيْﳯَ ﻢ وﯾُ َﺼﻠ � َ‬ ‫ﺠﻮس �ا��ﻦ ﯾ َ ْﻘ َ‬ ‫ُ ْﱒ ُﺣ �ﲀ ُم اﳌ َ ِ‬
‫�ُﺸ� ِﺒ ُﻪ ِﻣﺸيﳤَ ﻢ‪ :‬اﻟﻬ ِْﺮﺑِﺬى؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ْﻣ ُﺮ ُؤ اﻟ َﻘ ْي ِﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﴙ اﻟﻬ ِْﺮﺑِﺬى ﰲ َد ِﻓّﻪ ُ �ﰒ ﻓَ ْﺮﻓَﺮا‬ ‫إذا زا�َﻪ ِﻣﻦ �ﺎ ِﻧبَيﻪ ِﳇﳱﲈ * َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﻫ ْﺮﺑَﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻫ َﺮ ْﻗﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ ٔ� َ� ِﺪ ا ٔ�� ِﻃﺮ ِة �اﻟﺮوﻣ ِﺎن‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻫ ْﺮِﻗ ُﻞ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ﻟَﺒﯿ ٌﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِ -‬ﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ ُﻞ‪ :‬ا ٌ‬
‫�َﻠَ َﺐ الﻠ�ﯿﺎﱄ َ�ﻠْ َﻒ آ آ ِل ُﻣ ّ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮ ٍق * وﻛﲈ ﻓَ َﻌﻠْ َﻦ ﺑتُب�ﻊ ٍ وﲠِ ِ ْﺮِﻗ ِﻞ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۸۲‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻫ ُْﺮ ُﻣﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﺳﲈ ِء اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس‪َ� ،‬ﺴ �ﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ َﻛﺜﲑٌ ِﻣﻦ ُﻣﻠﻮ ِﻛﻬﻢ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ﱒ‪ :‬اﻟ َﯿ ْﻮ ُم‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻫ ُْﺮ ُﻣ ُﺰ‪ :‬ا ٌ‬
‫ﺪ�ﺮ ذ� اﻟ َﯿ ْﻮ َم ﰲ ا ْﻋ ِﺘﻘﺎ ِدﱒ‪،‬‬ ‫� �ا�ي ﯾُ ُ‬ ‫ﰟ لﻠ َﻤ ِ ِ‬
‫ﴘ‪ ،‬وا ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬْ ِﺮ �‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ ّ‬ ‫ا ٔ� �و ُل ِﻣﻦ �‬
‫�ب؛ ﻗﺎ َل َو َرﻗ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ ﻧ َْﻮﻓَ ٍﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﰟ ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ َﻛ ِﺐ اﳌ ُ ْﺸ َﱰي‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َر ِ ّب ا ٔ� ْر ِ‬ ‫وا ٌ‬
‫�ﺎوﻟَ ْﺖ �ﺎ ٌد ﳁﺎ � ََ�وا‬ ‫ﱂ ﯾُﻐ ِْﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻫ ُْﺮ ُﻣ ٍﺰ ﯾ َ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﺧﺰاﺋِ ُﻨﻪ * واﳋ ْ َُ� ﻗﺪ َ‬
‫ﻐﺎت َﻛﺜﲑ ٌة �ﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ :‬ﻫ ُْﺮ ُﻣﺰد‪ ،‬وﻫُﻮر ُﻣﺰد‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎلﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻫ ُْﺮ ُﻣﺰ(‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫و �أ ْر ُﻣﺰ‪ ،‬و �أ ْر ُﻣ ْﺰد‪ ،‬و �أور ُﻣﺰد‪ ،‬وﻫ ُْﺮ ُﻣﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻫﺰار‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﻬ ََﺰ ُار‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﻨﺪَ ﻟﯿﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻫﺰاردﺳ�ﺘﺎن‪ /‬ﻫﺰار‪ /‬آٓزار(‪.‬‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫‪َ ُ -‬ﳘﺎﯾُﻮن‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺎر ﺻﺎ ِﺣ َﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪ٕ :‬اﻧ �ﻪ َﻣﻦ َوﻗَ َﻊ �ﻠﯿﻪ ِﻇ �� َ‬ ‫ﻮن‪ :‬ﻃﺎ�ِ ٌﺮ ﯾ َ َﺘ �ﱪكُ ﺑﻪ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ُس‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻬُ َﻤﺎﯾُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠْﻄﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﯿ ِﺪ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌﺰ� ِﺰ‪ ،‬و �‬ ‫َﺻ ْﻮ ٍ� ود َْو ٍ�؛ ِ�ا ٔأ ْﻃﻠَﻘﻮا ﻟَ ْﻔﻆَ "ﻫُﲈﯾﻮن" �ﲆ �‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻫُﲈﯾﻮن(؛ ُﻣﺮﻛ� ٌﺐ ِﻣﻦ ِﺷﻘ�ﲔِ ؛ ا ٔ� �و ُل‪) :‬ﻫُﲈ(‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻃﺎ�ِ ُﺮ‬
‫اﻟ َﻌ ْﻨﻘﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و)ﯾﻮن( ﻻ ِﺣﻘ ٌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ ﺗُﻔيﺪُ اﻟ ِن ّ ْﺴ�ﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ َ -‬ﳘﺞ‪:‬‬
‫�ب‪ ،‬وﯾُﻄﻠَ ُﻖ �ﲆ َﺳ ِﻔ ِ� اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس و ٔأرا ِذ ِﻟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬واﳉَﲈ� ُﺔ‬ ‫ﻌﻮض و �ا� ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻬَ َﻤ ُﺞ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫اﳌ ُ ْﺨﺘ ِﻠﻄ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و �ا��ﻦ ﻟيﺲ ﳍﻢ ِﻧﻈﺎم‪.‬‬
‫)ﳘﺠﻲ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ً� ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫�ﻜﻮن الﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ َﻋﺮﺑ �ﯿﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن �ﲆ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺸ ِﺐ‪ ،‬وﯾَتَﺴﻠ�ﻂُ �ﲆ اﻟﻐ َ َِﲌ ﰲ اﳌَﺮاﻋﻲ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻌﻮض ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻓيﻜﻮن ذ� ِﻣﻦ ﺗَﻮاﻓُ ِﻖ الﻠ � َﻐ َﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪۳۸۳‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ِ -‬ﳘﻼج‪:‬‬
‫�ﲑ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﻬَ ْﻤﻠَ� َﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﱪ َذ ْو ُن‪ ،‬وﱔ اﳋَ ْﯿ ُﻞ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻼج‪ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻬِ ْﻤ ُ‬
‫ﻼج �اﻟﺮ ُ� ِﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ �َﺮ َﻛ ُﺒﻪ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﻣ ٌﺮ ُﻣﻬَ ْﻤﻠَ ٌﺞ‪:‬‬ ‫وﳘ ُ‬‫ﴎﻋ ِﺘﻪ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ُ :‬ﺣ ْﺴ ُﻦ َﺳ ْ ِﲑ ا�� اﺑ � ِﺔ ﻣ َﻊ ُ ْ‬
‫ﴪ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ �ﲆ‪ :‬ﻫَﲈﻟﯿﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔأي‪ُ :‬ﻣ َﺬل � ٌﻞ و ُﻣيَ � ٌ‬
‫ﺘﻮر ف‪.‬‬ ‫)ﳘ َ�(‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ ا�� ْﻛ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُ� ﻛﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ‪ْ ِ :‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ِﻢ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬‫�ﲑ َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮ ٍد ﰲ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﲓ ٔأ �ن ِﻣث َﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﺒﺪُ �اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻫ ْﻨﺪام‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ِﻬ ْﻨﺪا ُم‪ُ :‬ﺣ ْﺴ ُﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ِّﺪ واﻟﻘﺎﻣ ِﺔ واﻟﻬَ ْﯿﺌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا ِﻣنﻪ‪َ :‬ﻫ ْﻨﺪَ َم‪ ،‬و َﻫ ْﻨﺪَ ﻣ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻮط و ُﻣﺼﻠَ ٌﺢ �ﲆ ﻗَ ْﺪ ٍر ُﻣ �ﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﳾ ٌء ُﻣﻬَ ْﻨﺪَ ٌم‪ٔ ،‬أي‪ُ :‬ﻣﻀْ ٌ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧﺪام(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﻣ ِﺔ و َﻫ ْﯿﺌ ِﺔ ا ِﳉ ْﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻫ ْﻨﺪاز‪َ /‬ﻫ ْﻨﺪَ ﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺪاز‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫�ﺎري اﻟ َﻘنَﻮ ِات وا ٔ�ﺑْ ِني ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌ َﺼﺪَ ُر‪ :‬اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻘيﺲ َﻣ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﳌُﻬَ ْﻨ ِﺪ ُز‪َ :‬ﻣﻦ ﯾُﻘ ِّﺪ ُر وﯾ َ ُ‬
‫ﺪاز‪ ،‬واﳌُﻬَ ْﻨ ِﺪ ُس َﻣأٔﺧﻮ ٌذ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺴﺎب وﻻ ِﻫ ْﻨ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‪ٔ :‬أﻋْﻄﺎﻩ ﺑﻼ ِﺣ ٍ‬ ‫يﺎس؛ ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ُ‬
‫ﺮب ز ٌاي ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ دالٍ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺪاز(‪ ،‬ﻗَﻠَﺒﻮا �اﻟﺰ َاي ﺳينًﺎ؛ ٔ�ﻧ �ﻪ ﻟيﺲ ﰲ َ� ِم اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫)اﻟﻬِ ْﻨ ِ‬
‫واﳌَﺼﺪَ ُر‪ :‬اﻟﻬَ ْﻨﺪَ ﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫يﺎس واﻟﺘ� ْﻘﺪ�ﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ) :‬أﻧﺪازﻩ‪ٔ /‬أﻧﺪاز( و َﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻘ ُ‬ ‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ﻫ ْ َﲋ ْﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﴩ ِاب‪ٔ ،‬أو ُﻣ ْﺠﳣ َ ُﻊ اﻟﻨ� ِﺎس‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻋﯿ ٌﺪ ِﻣﻦ ٔأﻋْﯿﺎ ِد اﻟﻨ�ﺼﺎرى‪ٔ ،‬أو‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻬ ْ َِﲋ ْﻣ ُﻦ‪َ :‬ﻣ� ِﻠ ُﺲ �‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬اﻟﻬ ْ َِﲋ ْﻣ ُﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﻬ َِﲒ ْﻣ ُﻦ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﯿ ٌﺪ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِس‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ﰷن ِﻫ ْ َﲋ ْﻣ ٌﻦ ُور ْﺣ ُﺖ ُﻣﺨ �َﺸﲈ‬ ‫اذا َ‬
‫�‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﻫ ْﻨ ُﺠ َﻤ ْﻦ‪ٔ /‬أ ْ ُﳒ َﻤﻦ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۸٤‬‬
 ‫‪َ -‬ﻫﻨَﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﻬَﻨَ ُﻚ‪َ :‬ﺣ �ﺐ ذو ُﻛ ْﺪر ٍة ﯾُﻄ َﺒﺦُ ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺮﺑي � ُتﻪ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻔﺺ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﱃ‪:‬‬‫‪َ -‬ﻫ ُﯿ َ‬
‫ﻼﺳﻔ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬اﳌﺎ �د ُة ا ��وﱃ‬
‫�ﺎت اﻟ َﻔ ِ‬‫ﻮﱃ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْﺼﻄﻠَ ٌﺢ ِﻣﻦ ُﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﻠَ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻬَ ُﯿ َ‬
‫ﻮﱃ واﻟﻬَ �ﯿ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻮ ِر اﳌﺎ ِ ّدﯾ � ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﱔ ﻻ‬
‫ﷲ ِﻣﳯﺎ َﲨﯿ َﻊ �‬ ‫ﲁ ُ‬ ‫)اﳉَﻮﻫ َُﺮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮدُ( اﻟ�ﱵ َﺷ � َ‬
‫ﲁ ﻟﻬﺎ وﻻ ﺻﻮرة‪.‬‬ ‫َﺷ ْ َ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(hyl-ee) :‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪ :‬ا ٔ� ْﺻ ِﻞ واﳌﺎد�ة‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۸٥‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ‬

‫‪َ -‬و ّن‪:‬‬

‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮ �ن‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌﻮ ُد ذو ا ٔ� ْو ِ�ر �ا�ي ﯾُ َﻌﺰ ُف �ﻠﯿﻪ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ا ٔ�ﻋْﴙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺎن َوﻃ ّﯿ ِِﺐ ٔأ ْردا ِﻧ ِﻪ * ِ� َﻟﻮ ِّن ﯾ َ ِ‬
‫ﴬ ُب ﱄ �َ ُﻜ �ﺮ ا ٕﻻ ْﺻ َﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫�ﳉُﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﺮب‪َ ،‬ﺷ �ﺪد َْت ﻓﻘﺎﻟَ ْﺖ‪)َ :‬و ّن(‪.‬‬ ‫)ون(‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ �ﻤﺎ َﻋ �ﺮﺑ َ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ْ :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬وﻧ َﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮﻧ َُﺞ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌﻮدُ‪ ،‬وا ِﳌ ْﺰﻫ َُﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َاﻟﻮ ّن‪.‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪)َ :‬وﻧَﻪْ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮ ْ�ﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪َ -‬اﻟﻮ ُ�ﻦ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ُﺐ ا ٔ� ْﺳ َﻮ ُد ٔأو اﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ُﺐ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺪﳝ ُﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬و�ﻦ(‪ ،‬و ٔأﻧ �ﻪ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ اﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(wine) :‬و)‪�ٔ � (wein‬ﻟْﲈﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن ِﻣﻦ ﺗَﻮاﻓُ ِﻖ الﻠ � ِ‬ ‫َ ْﳛ ِﳣ ُﻞ ٔأن َ‬
‫و)‪� (vin‬ﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۸٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﺎء‬

‫‪�َ -‬رق‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮ ُار �ا�ي ﯾُﻠبَ ُﺲ ﰲ اﻟ َﯿ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُﻐ ٌﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫)اﻟﯿﺎرج(؛ ﻗﺎ َل ُﺷ ْ ُﱪﻣ ُﺔ ُ�ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺎر ُق‪ّ ِ :‬‬‫‪َ -‬‬
‫�‬
‫اﻟﻄ َﻔ ْي ِﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺸﻮف‬‫ﻗﺎن َﻣ ُ‬ ‫�ب ا ِ�ﻦ ُﻣ ْﺤ ِﺮ ٍز * �أﻏَ �ﻦ �ﻠﯿ ِﻪ َ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎر ُ‬ ‫ﻟ َﻌ ْﻤﺮي ﻟَ َﻈ ْ ٌﱯ ﻋ ْﻨﺪَ ِ‬
‫)�رﻩ‪ٔ /‬أ َ�ر ْﻩ(‪ ،‬و�ﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪َ �)َ :‬ركْ (‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮب‪.‬‬
‫�ﲰﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬‬
‫ﺮوف �ﺮ ِاﲘ ِﺘﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ِﻄﺮ ِة‪ِ ،‬ﻣنﻪ ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ و ِﻣنﻪ ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺎﲰ ُﲔ و ِ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﲰ ُﲔ‪َ :‬زﻫ ٌْﺮ َﻣ ْﻌ ٌ‬ ‫‪َ -‬‬
‫اﻟﯿﺎﲰ َﲔ‪،‬‬‫ﻟﻮن‪َ َ :‬ﴰ ْﻤ ُﺖ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎ ِﻟ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﯾﻘﻮ َ‬‫ُﺮوف ك َﺠ ْﻤﻊ ِ اﳌُﺬﻛ� ِﺮ �‬ ‫ﺮب ﺗُﻌ ِﺮﺑُﻪ �ﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫و ُ‬
‫وﻗﺪ �ﺎ َء ﰲ ِ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ٔأﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻮن‪ ،‬وا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ�ﻮا � ُﻣ َﻔﺮدًا‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‪�) :‬ﰟ(‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫�ﲰ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا َ‬
‫اﻟﻨ� ْﺠ ِﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﰟ ﺑ ٍِﯿﺾ َوو ْر ٍد ٔأ ْ َﲪﺮا‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ � ٍ‬
‫َﳜ ُﺮ ُج ِﻣﻦ ٔأ ْﻛﲈ ِﻣﻪ ُﻣ َﻌ ْﺼ َﻔﺮا‬
‫)�ﲰﲔ( ﻓﻘﻂ‪َ ،‬ﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ا ٕﻻ ْﻋﺮ َاب �ﲆ اﻟﻨ�ﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ َل‪َ :‬‬
‫�ﲰﻮن(‪ ،‬وﯾ َ ْﺒﺪو ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ُﻋ ّ ِﺮ َب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫�ﲰﲔ‪َ /‬‬ ‫�ﲰﻦ‪َ /‬‬ ‫)�ﰟ‪َ /‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫والﻠ � ْﻔﻆُ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ ِ‬
‫ﺮب ِﻣنﻪ )�ﰟ( �ﲆ ﺗ ََﻮ � ِﱒ ٔأ �ن اﻟﯿﺎ َء واﻟﻨ� َ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ‫)�ﲰﲔ(‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا ْﺷ� َﺘﻘ� ِﺖ اﻟ َﻌ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﯿﻐ ِﺔ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ :‬‬
‫ِّ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ُﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑ �ﯿ ِﺔ إﱃ َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣﻦ الﻠ � ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ا ٔ� ْورو ِﺑ ّ �ﯿ ِﺔ؛ ﻓﻬيﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َد َ�ﻠَ ْﺖ ﺗ� َ ِ‬‫ﺪ�ن‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫زاﺋِ ِ‬
‫�ﻟ َﻔ َ �ﺮْﺴ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(jasmin) :‬و�ﻻ ْٕﳒﻠﲒﯾ � ِﺔ‪ ،(jasmine) :‬و� ٕﻻﯾﻄﺎﻟ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪.(gelsomino) :‬‬

‫‪۳۸۷‬‬
 ‫‪� -‬ﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﯿﺎﻗَ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻓَ ْت� ُﺔ اﻟﺜ ْ�ﻮ ِب اﻟ�ﱵ َﲣ ُﺮ ُج ِﻣﳯﺎ �اﻟﺮ ٔأس‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﱰ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ٔ ،(yaka) :‬أو ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪َ َ :‬‬
‫)ﳜﻪْ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ � ْ‬
‫‪َ� -‬ﺸَ ﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻔﺎء ِﻣنﻪ‪ٔ ،‬أ ْﺟ َﻮ ُد ٔأﻧْﻮا ِ�ﻪ‪� :‬اﻟﺰﯾْ �ﱵ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ‬‫�ﻟﺰَ ْﺮ َ� ِﺪ ﻟﻜن�ﻪ ٔأ ْﻛ َ ُﱶ َﺻ ً‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟيَﺸَ ُﻢ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺮ َﺷبي ٌﻪ � �‬
‫ﻐﺎت‪ :‬اﻟيَﺸَ ُﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟيَﺸَ ُﻒ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﯿ َﺼ ُﻒ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﯿ َﺼﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ٔ�ﺑْ َﯿ ُﺾ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ا ٔ� ْﺻ َﻔ ُﺮ‪ ،‬وﻓيﻪ ﻟُ ٌ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ َﺔ‬‫ﻌﺎﺟ ُﻢ إﱃ ﺗَ ْﻌﺮﯾﺒِﻪ‪َ ،‬وذ َﻛ َﺮ �أ ِ ّدي ِﺷﲑ ٔأﻧ �ﻪ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪�) :‬ﺸﭗ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ �ن َ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱂ �ُ ِ ِ‬
‫ﴘ ٔآ �ن‬ ‫اﱊ‪ ،‬ﰲ �ﲔِ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﯿﺎ اﻟ ُﻌﻨَيْ �‬ ‫ذات ٔآ ْﺻ ٍﻞ آٓر ٍّ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت َﻛﺜﲑ ٍة‪ ،‬وﱔ ُ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻮﺟﻮد ٌة ﰲ ﻟُ ٍ‬
‫ا�ﳫﻤ ِﺔ ِ� ْﱪا �ﱐ‪�) :‬ﺸﻔﻪ(‪ ،‬ﲟ َ ْﻌﲎ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺼﻘﻮلٍ ‪� ُ ،‬ﰒ ﻧ ُ ِﻘ َﻞ إﱃ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ �ﯿ ِﺔ‪ ،(iaspis) :‬و ِﻣﳯﺎ‬ ‫ٔأ ْﺻ َﻞ َ ِ‬
‫إﱃ ﺳﺎ�ِ ِﺮ ﻟُ ِ‬
‫ﻐﺎت ٔأ ْو �‬
‫رو�‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾَﻠْ َﻤﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﯿﺎب‪ٔ ،‬أو ﻫﻮ اﻟ َﻘ َبﺎ ُء اﳌ ُ �ﺒﻄ ُﻦ �ﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄ ِﻦ‪ُ ،‬وﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق اﻟ ِﺜ ّ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ َﯿﻠْ َﻤ ُﻖ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ َبﺎ ُء �ا�ي ﯾُﻠبَ ُﺲ َ‬
‫�ﲆ‪ :‬ﯾَﻼ ِﻣ َﻖ؛ ﻗﺎ َل ذو �اﻟﺮ �ﻣ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ٔ�ﻧ � ُﻪ ُﻣتَ َﻘ ِ ّﱯ ﯾَﻠْ َﻤ ٍﻖ َﻋ َﺰ ُب‬
‫وﻫﻮ ُﻣ �ﻌﺮ ٌب ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِرﺳ� �ﯿ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﯾَﻠْ َﻤﻪ(‪ ،‬و ٔأ ْﺻ ُﻞ الﻠ � ْﻔﻆِ اﳌ ُ �ﻌﺮ ِب ِﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﻬْﻠَﻮﯾ � ِﺔ‪) :‬ﯾَﻠْﻤﻚ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۳۸۸‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬
‫ُﻣﻘﺪّ ﻣﺔ‪١.............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎ� اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪٢...................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪٢.................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮب وا�� ﺧيﻞ واﳌ ُ َﻮ ّ�‪٤..........................................................‬‬
‫ٔأﻗﺴﺎم �ﰟ اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮب‪٧...........................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﯾﲑ اﳊُﲂ ﺑأٔﲺﻤ ّﯿﺔ الﻠّﻔﻆ‪٨.....................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ اﻟﻌﺮب ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﺐ �ﰟ ا ٔ�ﲺﻤﻲ )ﺗﻐﯿﲑات اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮب(‪١٧..........................‬‬
‫ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪٢٩.................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ و�ﺷ�ﺘﻘﺎق‪٣١.........................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮب واﳌ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺸﱰك الﻠّﻔﻈﻲ‪٣٥....................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮب ﰲ ُﻛ ُﺘﺐ الﻠّﻐﺔ واﳌﻌﺎﰖ‪٣٦..............................................................‬‬
‫ّﻗﺼﺔ اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪٣٨..................................................................................‬‬
‫الﻠّﻐﺎت اﻟﱵ ٔأ�ﺬ ﻋﳯﺎ اﻟﻌﺮب‪٤٠................................................................‬‬
‫ا�� ﺧيﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳ� ّﯿﺔ‪٤١.........................................................................‬‬
‫ا�� ﺧيﻞ ﻣﻦ ا�ٓراﻣيّﺔ‪٤٤...........................................................................‬‬
‫ا�� ﺧيﻞ ﻣﻦ اﳊبﺸ� ّﯿﺔ‪٤٧.........................................................................‬‬
‫ا�� ﺧيﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮ�ﻧ ّﯿﺔ‪٤٨..........................................................................‬‬
‫‪۳۸۹‬‬
‫ا�� ﺧيﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻼﺗﯿنيّﺔ‪٥١..........................................................................‬‬
‫ا�� ﺧيﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﯾّﺔ‪٥٣...........................................................................‬‬
‫ا�� ﺧيﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌﱪﯾّﺔ‪٥٤............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ ﰲ اﻟﻌﴫ اﻟﻌ ّﺒﺎﳼ‪٥٥.........................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ ﰲ اﻟﻌﴫ اﳊﺪﯾﺚ )اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ وﻗﺮارات َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ الﻠّﻐﺔ(‪٦٣.........................‬‬
‫ﻗﺮار اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ ا ٔ� ّول‪٦٤...........................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌَﺠ َﻤﻊ وﻗﻀ ّﯿﺔ اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪٦٦.............................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ �ﲆ �ﲑ ٔأوزان اﻟﻌﺮب‪٧٢............................................................‬‬
‫�ﺷ�ﺘﻘﺎق ﻣﻦ ٔأﺳﲈء ا ٔ�ﻋﯿﺎن اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮﺑﺔ‪٧٤.......................................................‬‬
‫اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮب واﳌ ُ ّﻮ� وا�� ﺧيﻞ ﰲ ر ٔأي َﻣﺠ َﻤﻊ الﻠّﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑ ّﯿﺔ �ﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪٧٦..........................‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ا ٔ��ﻼم ا ٔ�ﲺﻤ ّﯿﺔ واﳌﺼﻄﻠ�ﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ّﯿﺔ اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮﺑﺔ ﲝﺮوف ﻋﺮﺑ ّﯿﺔ‪٧٧...................‬‬
‫الﻠّﻮاﺻﻖ ﺑﲔ ّاﻟﱰﲨﺔ واﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ‪٧٩..............................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈع واﻟﻘيﺎس‪٨٠................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘّﻌﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﲔ ّ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ا ٔ�ﻟﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮﺑﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآٓن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪٨٤.....................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳍﻤﺰة‪٩٠.............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء‪٩٩..............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘّﺎء‪٩٩..............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳉﲓ‪١٠١............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳊﺎء‪١٠٣...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۳۹۰‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ا�ّ ال‪١٠٥...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّاﻟﺮاء‪١٠٧............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّاﻟﺰاي‪١١٠..........................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲔ‪١١١.........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫اﻟﺸﲔ‪١١٦.........................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎد‪١١٨..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎء‪١٢٠...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﲔ‪١٢٢...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء‪١٢٤............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف‪١٢٧..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ا�ﲀف‪١٣٠.........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم‪١٣٢...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳌﲓ‪١٣٢.............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻨّﻮن‪١٣٧..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻬﺎء‪١٣٧............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو‪١٤٠...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﯿﺎء‪١٤٠...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ا ٔ�ﻟﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮﺑﺔ ﰲ اﳊﺪﯾﺚ وا ٔ��ﺮ‪١٤٣................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ا ٔ�ﻟﻒ‪١٤٣..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء‪١٤٩............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۳۹۱‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘّﺎء‪١٥٥............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳉﲓ‪١٥٧............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳋﺎء‪١٦٠...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ا�ّ ال‪١٦٠...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّاﻟﺮاء‪١٦٥............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّاﻟﺰاي‪١٦٥..........................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲔ‪١٦٩.........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫اﻟﺸﲔ‪١٧٣.........................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎد‪١٧٥..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎء‪١٧٦...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﲔ‪١٧٩...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء‪١٨١............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف‪١٨٤..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ا�ﲀف‪١٨٩.........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳌﲓ‪١٩٣.............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻨّﻮن‪١٩٨..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻬﺎء‪١٩٩............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو‪٢٠٠...........................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟ ٔ�ﻟﻔﺎظ اﳌ ُ َﻌ �ﺮﺑﺔ‪٢٠١............................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ّ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ا ٔ�ﻟﻒ‪٢٠١..........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۳۹۲‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء‪٢٢١............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘّﺎء‪٢٤٧............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﺜ ّﺎء‪٢٥٨............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳉﲓ‪٢٥٨............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳊﺎء‪٢٧١...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ا�ّ ال‪٢٧٥...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّا�ال‪٢٨٧...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّاﻟﺮاء‪٢٨٧............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّاﻟﺰاي‪٢٩٤..........................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﲔ‪٣٠٣.........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫اﻟﺸﲔ‪٣١٣.........................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎد‪٣١٧..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ّ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎء‪٣٢٢...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﲔ‪٣٢٨...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻐﲔ‪٣٣٠...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء‪٣٣١............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف‪٣٣٩..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ا�ﲀف‪٣٥٠.........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم‪٣٦١...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳌﲓ‪٣٦٤.............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۳۹۳‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻨّﻮن‪٣٧٥..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻬﺎء‪٣٨٢............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو‪٣٨٦...........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﯿﺎء‪٣٨٧...........................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‪٣٨٩.......................................................................................‬‬

‫‪۳۹٤‬‬