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    Summary RC RL RLC

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    Othmane Abouelhouda
    The document discusses RC, RL, and RLC circuits. It describes the components, differential equations that govern them, and their solutions. Key concepts covered include charging and discharging behavior, time constants, and oscillatory behavior in RLC circuits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Summary RC RL RLC

    Uploaded by

    Othmane Abouelhouda
    19 views4 pages
    The document discusses RC, RL, and RLC circuits. It describes the components, differential equations that govern them, and their solutions. Key concepts covered include charging and discharging behavior, time constants, and oscillatory behavior in RLC circuits.

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    Summary_RC_RL_RLC

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    The document discusses RC, RL, and RLC circuits. It describes the components, differential equations that govern them, and their solutions. Key concepts covered include charging and discharging behavior, time constants, and oscillatory behavior in RLC circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views4 pages

    Summary RC RL RLC

    Uploaded by

    Othmane Abouelhouda
    The document discusses RC, RL, and RLC circuits. It describes the components, differential equations that govern them, and their solutions. Key concepts covered include charging and discharging behavior, time constants, and oscillatory behavior in RLC circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    Summary: RC_RL_RLC Circuits Teacher.

    Hamid Bentai

    RC circuit:

    - Resistor: 𝑢𝑅 = 𝑅. 𝑖
    𝑑𝑞
    𝑖= 𝑑𝑡
    - Capacitor: Capacitance 𝑞 = 𝐶. 𝑢𝐶
    𝑑𝑢𝐶
    𝑖=𝐶 𝑑𝑡
    1 1 𝑞2
    Energy stored in the capacitor 𝐸𝑒 = 2 𝐶. 𝑢𝐶2 = 2 𝐶

    - The switch is set to position 1/Charging: 𝐸 = 𝑢𝐶 + 𝑢𝑅

    𝑑𝑢𝐶 𝑑𝑞
    ✓ The differential equation: 𝑢𝐶 + 𝑅𝐶 = 𝐸 𝑜𝑟 𝑞 + 𝑅𝐶 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐶. 𝐸
    𝑑𝑡
    𝑡 𝑡
    ✓ The solution: 𝑢𝐶 = 𝐸. (1 − 𝑒 −𝜏 ) 𝑜𝑟 𝑞 = 𝐶𝐸. (1 − 𝑒 −𝜏 )
    - The switch is set to position 2/Discharging: 𝑢𝐶 + 𝑢𝑅 = 0

    𝑑𝑢𝐶 𝑑𝑞
    ✓ The differential equation: 𝑢𝐶 + 𝑅𝐶 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑞 + 𝑅𝐶 𝑑𝑡 = 0
    𝑑𝑡
    𝑡 𝑡
    ✓ The solution: 𝑢𝐶 = 𝐸. 𝑒 −𝜏 𝑜𝑟 𝑞 = 𝐶𝐸. 𝑒 −𝜏
    - Time constant 𝜏:
    [𝑈] [𝐼].[𝑇]
    ✓ 𝜏 = 𝑅𝐶 Dimensional analysis: [𝜏] = [𝑅]. [𝐶] = [𝐼]
    × [𝑈]
    = [𝑇]
    ✓ Charging: It is the time when 𝑢𝐶 = 0.63 × 𝐸 or use the tangent method.

    ✓ Discharging: It is the time when 𝑢𝐶 = 0.37 × 𝐸 or use the tangent method.

    Hamid Bentai Page 1


    RL circuit:

    - Resistor: 𝑢𝑅 = 𝑅. 𝑖
    𝑑𝑞
    𝑖= 𝑑𝑡
    - Inductor (Coil): of inductance 𝐿 and internal resistance 𝑟
    𝑑𝑖
    𝑢𝐿 = 𝐿. 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑟. 𝑖
    1
    The energy stored in the inductor 𝐸𝑚 = 𝐿. 𝑖 2
    2
    - The switch is set to position 1: 𝐸 = 𝑢𝑅 + 𝑢𝐿
    𝑑𝑖
    ✓ The differential equation: 𝐿. 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑅𝑡 . 𝑖 = 𝐸 where 𝑅𝑡 = 𝑅 + 𝑟
    𝑡
    𝐸
    ✓ The solution: 𝑖 = 𝐼0 . (1 − 𝑒 −𝜏 ) where 𝐼0 = 𝑅
    𝑡

    - The switch is set to position 2: 𝑢𝑅 + 𝑢𝐿 = 0


    𝑑𝑖
    ✓ The differential equation: 𝐿. 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑅𝑡 . 𝑖 = 0
    𝑡
    ✓ The solution: 𝑖 = 𝐼0 . 𝑒 −𝜏

    [𝑈].[𝑇]
    𝐿 [𝐿] [𝐼]
    - Time constant: 𝜏 = 𝑅𝑡
    dimensional analysis [𝜏] = [𝑅] = [𝑈] = [𝑇 ]
    [𝐼]
    ✓ Switch at position 1: 𝜏 is the time when 𝑖 = 0.63 × 𝐼0 or use tangent method

    Hamid Bentai Page 2


    ✓ Switch at position 2: 𝜏 is the time when 𝑖 = 0.37 × 𝐼0 or use tangent
    method

    RLC circuit:

    - Switch is set to position 2 when capacitor is fully charged.


    ✓ Negligible total resistance: the system is Periodic of period 𝑇0
    Periodic

    ✓ The total resistance is less than the critical resistance: the system is under-
    damped
    Under damped

    ✓ The total resistance is equal to the critical resistance: the system is critically-
    damped

    Critically damped

    ✓ The total resistance is greater than the critical resistance: the system is over-
    damped

    Over damped

    - Effect of circuit parameters on the electrical oscillation:

    Hamid Bentai Page 3


    ✓ Resistance: when R increases T increases.

    R1 R=R2 and R2 > R1

    ✓ Inductance: when L increases T increases.


    ✓ Capacitance: When C increases T increases.
    - Free electrical oscillation: how voltage 𝑢𝑐 evolves with time?
    ✓ 𝑢𝐶 + 𝑢𝑅 + 𝑢𝐿 = 0
    𝑑 2 𝑢𝐶 𝑑𝑢𝐶
    ✓ The differential equation: 𝐿𝐶 + 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑢𝐶 = 0
    𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
    𝒅𝟐 𝒖 𝑪
    If 𝑅 = 0 the equation becomes 𝑳𝑪 + 𝒖𝑪 = 𝟎 (1)
    𝒅𝒕𝟐

    2𝜋
    ✓ The solution of the equation (1): 𝑢𝐶 = 𝑈𝑚 . cos ( 𝑇 . 𝑡 + 𝜑)
    0
    2𝜋
    𝜑 is the initial phase; if at t=0, 𝑢𝐶 = 𝑈𝑚 then 𝜑 = 0and 𝑢𝐶 = 𝑈𝑚 . cos ( 𝑇 . 𝑡)
    0

    ✓ 𝑇0 = 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 is the natural period.


    - Energy in RLC circuit:
    ✓ Energy transfers from capacitor towards inductor and vice versa.
    ✓ Total energy: 𝐸𝑡 = 𝐸𝑒 + 𝐸𝑚
    If 𝑅 = 0
    1 1 1 1
    𝐸𝑡 = 𝐶𝑢𝐶2 + 𝐿𝑖 2 = 𝐶𝑈𝑚 2
    = 𝐿𝐼 2
    2 2 2 2

    If 𝑅 ≠ 0 total energy 𝐸𝑡 decreases: Joule heating.

    Hamid Bentai Page 4

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