Cambridge IGCSE™

CHEMISTRY CYCLE TEST

Paper 4 Theory (Extended)

45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name in the box at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.
 2

1 (a) A compound X contains 82.76% of carbon by mass and 17.24% of hydrogen by mass.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.

[2]

(ii) Compound X has a relative molecular mass of 58.

Deduce the molecular formula of compound X.

[2]

(b) Hydrolysis of a polymer gave a compound with the following composition by mass: C, 34.61%;
H, 3.85%; O, 61.54%.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.

empirical formula = ............................ [3]

(ii) What additional information is needed to calculate the molecular formula of the compound?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
 3

2 There are three types of giant structure – ionic, metallic and macromolecular.

(a) Sodium nitride is an ionic compound. Draw a diagram that shows the formula of the
compound, the charges on the ions and the arrangement of the valency electrons
around the negative ion.

Use x to represent an electron from a sodium atom.

Use o to represent an electron from a nitrogen atom.

[3]

(b) (i) Describe metallic bonding.

[3]

(ii) Use the above ideas to explain why

metals are good conductors of electricity,

[1]

metals are malleable.

[2]

(c) Silicon(IV) oxide has a macromolecular structure.

(i) Describe the structure of silicon(IV) oxide (a diagram is not acceptable).

[3]

(ii) Diamond has a similar structure and consequently similar properties.

Give two physical properties common to both diamond and silicon(IV) oxide.

[2]

[Total: 14]
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3 (a) The structure of a typical ionic compound is a regular arrangement of positive and
negative ions.

– + – +
+ – + –
+ – + –
– + – +
– + – +
+ – + –

(i) What is the name of this regular arrangement of particles?

[1]

(ii) Give two physical properties of ionic compounds.

[2]

(b) Ions are formed by electron loss or gain. The electron distribution of a magnesium
atom is 2 + 8 + 2 and of a nitrogen atom is 2 + 5.

(i) Give the formula of the magnesium ion.

[1]

(ii) Give the formula of the nitride ion.

[1]

(iii) What is the formula of the ionic compound, magnesium nitride?

[1]

(iv) In this compound there is an ionic bond. Why are the two ions attracted to each
other?

[1]
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4. This question is about sodium and some compounds of sodium

a. When sodium metal reacts with water the products are hydrogen gas and a solution of sodium
hydroxide
Write a balanced equation for this reaction, including state symbols.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

b. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride reacts with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, AgNO3.
The products are a precipitate of silver chloride, AgCl, and a solution of sodium nitrate.

(i) Write a full symbol equation for this reaction, including state symbols.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Convert the full symbol equation to an ionic equation.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

(C) Aqueous ammonia reacts with aqueous copper(II) ions to produce compound B.

The formula of compound B is CuN4H16O2.

Complete the table to calculate the relative molecular mass of compound B.

number relative
type of atom
of atoms atomic mass

copper 1 64 1 × 64 = 64

nitrogen 4 14 4 × 14 = 56

hydrogen 1

oxygen 16

relative molecular mass = ..............................

[2]
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5 In the Periodic Table, the elements are arranged in columns called Groups and in rows called
Periods.

(a) (i) Complete the table for some of the elements in Period 3.

group number I II III IV V VI VII

symbol Na Mg Al Si P S Cl

number of
valency electrons

valency

[2]

(ii) What is the relationship between the group number and the number of valency electrons?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Explain the relationship between the number of valency electrons and the valency

for the elements Na to Al,

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

for the elements P to Cl.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[4]
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6 Sodium hydrogencarbonate is found in baking powder.

When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated it forms three products.

2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

(a) Name the type of reaction that takes place when sodium hydrogencarbonate reacts in this way.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed at room temperature and pressure when 12.6 g
of NaHCO3 is heated using the following steps:

● determine the mass of one mole of NaHCO3

.............................. g

● calculate the number of moles of NaHCO3 used

.............................. moles

● determine the number of moles of carbon dioxide formed

.............................. moles

● calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed at room temperature and pressure.

.............................. dm3
[4]
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(c) In an experiment, 1.61 g of Na2SO4•xH2O is heated until all the water is given off. The
mass of Na2SO4 remaining is 0.71 g.

[Mr: Na2SO4,142; H2O,18]

Determine the value of x using the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of Na2SO4 remaining.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the mass of H2O given off.

.............................. g

● Calculate the number of moles of H2O given off.

.............................. mol

● Determine the value of x.

x = ..............................
[4]
 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
9

rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).