Important Questions from ch-1

Chemical reactions and equations

Q1. The chemical reaction between Hydrogen sulphide and iodine to give Hydrogen iodide
and sulphur is given below:
H2S + I2 → 2HI + S.
The reducing and oxidising agents involved in this redox reaction are:
1.Iodine and sulphur, respectively
2.Iodine and hydrogen sulphide, respectively
3.Sulphur and iodine, respectively
4.Hydrogen sulphide and sulphur, respectively
Answer:
(2) Iodine is an oxidising agent, and hydrogen sulphide is the reducing agent in the reaction
mentioned above.
H2S + I2 → 2HI + S.
Q2. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type
of reaction in each case.
(a )Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 773K to form
ammonia gas.
(b )Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate and water.
(c ) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of
concentrated H2SO4.
(d) Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water and releases
heat and light.
Answer:
(a )It is an addition reaction.
(b ) NaOH (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) → CH3COONa (aq) + H2O (l)
It is a double displacement or a neutralisation reaction.
(c )It is a double displacement or an esterification reaction.
(d ) C2H4 (g) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g) + Heat + light
It is a redox or a combustion reaction.
Q3. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type
of
reaction in each case.
(a ) In the thermite reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron
and aluminium oxide.
(b ) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid magnesium
nitride.
(c ) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form potassium
chloride solution and solid iodine.
(d ) Ethanol is burnt in the air to form carbon dioxide and water and releases heat.
Answer:
(a ) Fe2O3 (s) + 2 Al (s) → Al2O3 (s) + 2 Fe (l) + Heat
It is a displacement or redox reaction.
(b ) 3 Mg (s) + N2 (g) → Mg3N2 (s)
It is a combination reaction.
(c ) 2 KI (aq) + Cl2 (g) → 2 KCl (aq) + I2 (s)
Q4. Complete the missing components / variables given as x and y in the following
reactions
(a) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq) → Pbl2 (x) + 2 KNO3 (y)
(b) Cu (s) + 2 AgNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + x(s)
(c) Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (x) + H2 (y)
Answer:
(a) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq) → Pbl2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq)
(b) Cu (s) + 2 AgNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 Ag(s)
(c) Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)
Q5. Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature?
(a) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate
(b) Dilution of sulphuric acid
(c) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
(d) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water
Answer:
(a ) The decomposition of ferrous sulphate is an example of an endothermic reaction
because heat is absorbed during this reaction.
(b ) The dilution of sulphuric acid is an example of an exothermic reaction because heat is
released during this reaction.
(c ) The dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water is an example of an exothermic reaction
because heat is released during this reaction.
(d ) The dissolution of ammonium chloride in water is an example of an endothermic
reaction because heat is absorbed during this reaction.
Q6. Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions
(a ) 4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O
(b ) H2O + F2 → HF + HOF
(c ) Fe2O3 + 3 CO → 2 Fe + 3 CO2
Answer:
(a ) Here, ammonia (NH3 ) is the reducing agent.
(b ) Here, water (H2O) is the reducing agent.
(c ) Here, carbon monoxide (CO) is the reducing agent.
Q7. Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions
(a ) Pb3O4 + 8 HCI → 3 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 4 H2O
(b ) 2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO
(c ) CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4
Answer:
(a ) Pb3O4 is the oxidising agent here. The oxidation state of Pb in Pb3O4 reduces from + 6
to + 2 in PbCl2. Thus it acts as an oxidising agent.
(b ) O2 is the oxidising agent here. The oxidation state of oxygen in elemental form
O2 reduces from 0 to – 2 in MgO. Thus it acts as an oxidising agent.
(c ) CuSO4 is the oxidising agent here. The oxidation state of Cu in CuSO4 reduces from +
2 to 0 in Cu. Thus it acts as an oxidising agent.
Q8. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions
(a ) Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar concentrations
gives sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
(b ) Sodium hydrogen carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium chloride,
water and liberates carbon dioxide.
(c ) On treatment with potassium iodide, copper sulphate precipitates cuprous iodide
(Cu2I2), liberates iodine gas and forms potassium sulphate.
Answer:
(a ) Na2CO3 + HCl → NaCl + NaHCO3
(b ) NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2
(c ) 2 CuSO4 + 4 KI → Cu2I2 + 2 K2SO4 + I2
Q9. A solution of potassium chloride, when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble
white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also mention the type
of the chemical reaction?
Answer:
Chemical reaction: KCl + AgNO3 → KNO3 + AgCl
It is a double displacement reaction.
Q10. Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment, but after being plucked from the plant can
be
fermented. Under what conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical or a physical
change?
Answer:
When attached to the plants, Grapes are living, and therefore, their immune system prevents
fermentation. The microbes can grow in the plucked grapes, which can be fermented under
anaerobic conditions. This is a chemical change.
Q11. Which among the following are physical or chemical changes?
(a ) Evaporation of petrol
(b ) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
(c ) Heating of an iron rod to red hot.
(d ) Curdling of milk
(e ) Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride
Answer:
(a ) Evaporation of petrol is a physical change as it only gets converted from one physical
state to another.
(b ) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a chemical change as heating produces
carbon dioxide and water.
(c ) The heating of an iron rod to red hot is a physical change as heating involves only
temperature change.
(d ) The curdling of milk is a chemical change as it affects the chemical composition of the
milk.
Q12. We made the following observations during the reaction of some metals with dilute
hydrochloric acid.
(a) Silver metal does not show any change
(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added.
(c) The sodium metal reaction is highly explosive.
(d) Some gas bubbles are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the acid.
Explain these observations giving suitable reasons.
Answer:
(a ) Silver does not show any characteristics change because silver is less reactive than
hydrogen. Thus, it cannot displace hydrogen from dilute hydrochloric acid.
(b ) The reaction between aluminium (Al) and hydrochloric acid is highly exothermic. Thus,
the temperature of the reaction mixture rises.
(c ) Sodium is a highly reactive metal. It reacts with hydrochloric acid, vigorously forming
hydrogen gas and a large amount of heat.
(d ) When lead reacts with hydrochloric acid, the gas bubbles observed are hydrogen gas.
Pb (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → PbCl2 (s) + H2 (g)
Q13. A substance X, an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the cement
industry. This element is present in bones also. On treatment with water, it forms a solution
which turns red litmus blue. Identify X and also write the chemical reactions involved.
Answer:
Here, X is calcium oxide.
•Calcium oxide is used intensively in the cement industry.
•The element present in it (in bones also) is calcium.
•On treatment with water, calcium oxide forms a solution of calcium hydroxide
[Ca(OH)2], which is an alkali. Hence, it turns red litmus blue.
CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + Heat
Q14. Write a balanced chemical equation for each following reaction and classify
them.
(a ) A piece of sodium metal is added to absolute ethanol to form sodium ethoxide and
hydrogen gas.
(b) Iron (III) oxide on heating with carbon monoxide gas reacts to form solid iron and
liberates carbon dioxide gas.
(c) Hydrogen sulphide gas reacts with oxygen gas to form solid sulphur and liquid water
Answer:
(a) 2 Na + 2 C2H5OH → 2 C2H5ONa+ H2
It is a displacement or a redox reaction.
(b ) Fe2O3 + 3 CO → 2 Fe + 3 CO2
It is a redox reaction.
(c) 2 H2S + O2 → 2 S + 2 H2O
It is a redox reaction.
Q15. Why do we store silver chloride in dark coloured bottles?
Answer:
We store silver chloride in the dark-coloured bottles because silver chloride decomposes
into silver and chlorine gas in sunlight.
Q16. Balance the following chemical equations and identify the type of chemical reaction.
(a ) Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) → MgCI2 (s)
(b ) HgO (s) + Heat → Hg (l) + O2 (g)
(c ) Na (s) + S (s) → Na2S (s)
Answer:
(a ) Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) → MgCI2 (s)
It is a combination reaction.
(b ) 2 HgO (s) + Heat → 2 Hg (l) + O2 (g)
It is a thermal decomposition reaction.
(c ) 2 Na (s) + S (s) → Na2S (s)
It is a combination reaction.

Q17. A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X accompanied by

light emission. If the burning ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it
continues to burn and forms a compound Y.
(a) Write the chemical formulae of X and Y.
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation when X is dissolved in water.
Answer:
Here, X is magnesium oxide, and Y is magnesium nitride.
(a ) The chemical formulae of X are MgO and Y is Mg3N2.
(b ) When X is dissolved in water following reaction occurs.
MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2.
Q18 . A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The
article, when rubbed with toothpaste again, starts shining.
(a ) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name the
phenomenon involved.
(b ) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.
Answer:
(a ) The silver article turns black when kept in the air because the silver article reacts with
sulphur compounds such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S) present in the air to form silver
sulphide Ag2S. This phenomenon is called corrosion. It is also known as tarnishing of silver.
(b ) The black substance is silver sulphide. Its chemical formula is Ag2S.
Q19. On heating blue coloured powder of copper (I) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper oxide
(black), oxygen gas, and a brown gas X is formed
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b) Identity the brown gas X evolved.
(c) Identify the type of reaction.
(d) What could be the pH range of the aqueous solution of the gas X?
Answer:
(a ) 2 CuNO3 (s) + Heat → 2 CuO (s) + 4 NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
(b ) The brown gas is of nitrogen dioxide.
(c ) It is a thermal decomposition reaction.
(d ) NO2 gas reacts with water to produce nitric acid. Thus, its pH range will be less than 7.
Q20. Give the characteristic tests for the following gases
(a ) CO2 (b ) O2 (c ) H2
Answer:
The characteristics test for
(a ) CO2: CO2 turns lime water milky due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
(b ) O2: We can confirm the evolution of oxygen gas by bringing a burning candle near the
mouth of the test tube containing the reaction mixture. The intensity of the flame increases
because oxygen supports burning.
(c) H2: Hydrogen (H2) gas burns with a pop sound when a burning candle is brought near it.
Q21. What happens when a piece of
(a) Zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
(b) Aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?
(c) Silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
Also, write the balanced chemical equation if the reaction occurs
Answer:
(a ) Zinc metal reacts with copper sulphate solution and forms colourless zinc sulphate and
reddish-brown copper metal.
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
(b ) Aluminium metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form aluminium chloride and
hydrogen gas.
2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)
(c ) Silver is less reactive than copper. Hence, no reaction will occur.
Q22. A white precipitate is obtained when adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an
aqueous sodium sulphite solution.
(a ) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved
(b ) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
(c ) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white residue disappears.
Why?
Answer:
(a ) BaCl2 + Na2SO3 ⟶ BaSO3 + 2 NaCl
(b ) It can be assigned as a double displacement reaction.
(c ) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white residue disappears due
to the formation of barium chloride.
BaSO3 + 2 HCl ⟶ BaCl2 + SO2 + H2O