C.B.S.E.

Sample Paper-2021 (Solved) 1

C.B.S.E. Sample Question Paper 2021 (Solved)

General Instructions
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of 1 mark each.
Section B has two case study based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine short answer
questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each and Section E
contains three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of the
choices in such questions.

SECTION A An alternating current from a source is given

ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY. IN CASE OF by, i = 10 sin 314 t. What is the effective value

INTERNAL CHOICES, ATTEMPT ANY ONE OF of current and frequency of source?

THEM 5. What is the value of angular momentum of

electron in the second orbit of Bohr’s model of
1. Name the physical quantities having unit .
hydrogen atom?
2. Mention one use of part of electromagnetic
6. In a photoelectric experiment, the potential
spectrum to which a wavelength of 21
required to stop the ejection of electrons from
(emitted by hydrogen interstellar space)
cathode is 4 V. What is the value of maximum
belongs.
kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons?
OR
7. In decay of free neutron, name the
Give the ratio of velocity of the two light elementary particle emitted along with proton
waves of wavelengths 4000 A and 8000 A and electron in nuclear reaction.
OR
travelling in vacuum.
In the following nuclear reaction, identify
3. An electron with charge − e and mass m unknown labeled X.
travels at a speed in a plane perpendicular + → +

to a magnetic field of magnitude B. The 8. How does the width of a depletion region of a
p − n junction vary if doping concentration is
electron follows a circular path of radius R. In increased?
a time, t, the electron travels halfway around OR

the circle. What is the amount of work done In half wave rectification, what is the output
frequency if input frequency is 25 Hz.
by the magnetic field? 9. When a voltage drop across a p − n junction
4. A solenoid with N loops of wire tightly diode is increased from 0.70 V to 0.71 V, the
wrapped around an iron-core is carrying an change in the diode current is 10 mA. What is
electric current I. If the current through this the dynamic resistance of diode?
solenoid is reduced to half, then what change 10. Which specially fabricated − Junction
would you expect in inductance L of the diode is used for detecting light intensity?
solenoid?
OR
2 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and , two material. The fields within a conductor cancel
statements are given-one labeled Assertion out with any external fields, so the electric
(A) and the other labeled Reason (R). Select field within the enclosure is zero. These
the correct answer to these questions from the Faraday cages act as big hollow conductors
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below: you can put things in to shield them from
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct electrical fields. Any electrical shocks the
explanation of A. cages receive pass harmlessly around the
b. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the outside of the cage.
correct explanation of A. 1. Which of the following material can be
c. A is true but R is false used to make a Faraday Cage?
d. A is false and R is also false. a. Plastic
11. ASSERTION (A): b. Glass
In a non uniform electric field, a dipole will c. Copper
have translatory as well as rotatory motion. d. Wood
REASON (R): 2. Example of a real-world Faraday cage is
In a non-uniform electric field, a dipole a. car
experiences a force as well as torque. b. plastic box
12. ASSERTION (A): Electric field is always normal c. lightning rod
to equi-potential surfaces and along the d. metal rod
direction of decreasing order of potential 3. What is the electrical force inside a
.REASON (R): Negative gradient of electric Faraday cage when it is struck by
potential is electric field. lightning?
13. ASSERTION (A): a. The same as the lightning
A convex mirror cannot form real images. b. Half that of the lightning
REASON (R): c. Zero
Convex mirror converges the parallel rays that d. A quarter of the lightning
are incident on it. 4. An isolated point charge +q is placed
14. ASSERTION (A): inside the Faraday cage. Its surface must
A convex lens of focal length 30 cm can’t be have charge equal to−
used as a simple microscope in normal setting. a. Zero
REASON (R): b. +
For normal setting, the angular magnification c. -q
of simple microscope. d. +2

SECTION B 5. A point charge of 2 C is placed at centre

Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study Based of Faraday cage in the shape of cube

questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 with surface of 9 cm edge. The number of

sub parts from each question. Each question electric field lines passing through the

carries 1 mark. cube normally will be.

15. Faraday cage: A Faraday cage or Faraday a. 1.9105 / entering the surface

shield is an enclosure made of a conducting b. 1.9105 / leaving the surface

 C.B.S.E. Sample Paper-2021 (Solved) 3

c. 2.0105 / leaving the surface 3. The basic reason for the extraordinary
d. 2.0105 / entering the surface sparkle of suitably cut diamond is that
16. Sparking Brilliance of diamond: a. it has low refractive index
b. it has high transparency
c. it has high refractive index
d. it is very hard
4. A diamond is immersed in a liquid with a
refractive index greater than water. Then
the critical angle for total internal
reflection will
a. depend on the nature of the liquid
b. decrease
c. remain the same
The total internal reflection of the light is used
d. increase
in polishing diamonds to create a sparking
5. The following diagram shows same
brilliance. By polishing the diamond with
diamond cut in two different shapes.
specific cuts, it is adjusted the most of the light
rays approaching the surface are incident
with an angle of incidence more than critical
angle. Hence, they suffer multiple reflections
and ultimately come out of diamond from the
top. This gives the diamond a sparking
brilliance
1. Light cannot easily escape a diamond
without multiple internal reflections. This is
because
a. Its critical angle with reference to air is
too large.
b. Its critical angle with reference to air is
too small
c. The diamond is transparent
d. Rays always enter at angle greater
than critical angle.
2. The critical angle for a diamond is 24. 4 .
The brilliance of diamond in the second
Then its refractive index is-
diamond will be:
a. 2.42
a. less than the first
b. 0.413
b. greater than first
c. 1
c. same as first
d. 1.413
d. will depend on the intensity of light
4 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

SECTION C least band gap energy of this diode to have

ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY. IN CASE OF emission in visible region.

INTERNAL CHOICES, ATTEMPT ANY ONE OF 21. A coil of wire enclosing an area 100 cm is

THEM. placed with its plane making an angle of 60

17. Two straight infinitely long wires are fixed in with the magnetic field of strength 10 T.

space so that the current in the left wire is 2 A What is the flux through the coil? If magnetic

and directed out of the plane of the page field is reduced to zero in 10 s, then find the

and the current in the right wire is 3 A and induced emf.

directed into the plane of the page. In which 22. Two waves from two coherent sources S and

region(s) is/are there a point on the x-axis, at S’ superimpose at X as shown in the figure. If X

which the magnetic field is equal to zero due is a point on the second minima and SX − S′X is

to these currents carrying wires? Justify your 4.5 cm. Calculate the wavelength of the

answer: waves.

18. Draw the graph showing intensity, distribution

of fringes with phase angle due to diffraction
through single slit.
OR 23. Draw the energy band diagram when intrinsic

What should be the width of each slit to semi-conductor (Ge) is doped with impurity

obtain n maxima of double slit pattern within atoms of antimony(Sb). Name the extrinsic

the central maxima of single slit pattern? semiconductor so obtained and majority

19. Deduce an expression for the potential energy charge carriers in it.

of a system of two point charges and 24. Define the terms magnetic inclination and

located at positions r and r respectively in horizontal component of earth’s magnetic

an external field E. field at a place. Establish the relationship

OR between the two with help of a diagram.

Establish the relation between electric field OR

and electric potential at a point. Draw the Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic

equi-potential surface for an electric field field at a place is √3 times the vertical

pointing in +Z direction with its magnitude component. What is the value of inclination at

increasing at constant rate along −Z direction. that place?

20. Explain with help of circuit diagram, the action 25. Write two characteristics of image formed

of a forward biased p − n Junction diode when an object is placed between the

which emits spontaneous radiation. State the optical centre and focus of a thin convex lens.
 C.B.S.E. Sample Paper-2021 (Solved) 5

Draw the graph showing variation of image b. Calculate the potential difference across
distance with object distance in this case. the battery.

SECTION D c. What is the purpose of having series

All questions are compulsory. In case of resistance in this circuit?

internal choices, attempt any one. 28.

26. A rectangular loop which was initially inside a. Explain de-Broglie argument to propose his

the region of uniform and time – independent hypothesis. Show that de-Broglie

magnetic field, is pulled out with constant wavelength of photon equals

velocity as shown in the figure. electromagnetic radiation.

b. If deuterons and alpha particle are
accelerated through same potential, find
the ratio of the associated de-Broglie
wavelengths of two.
OR
State the main implications of observation
obtained from various photoelectric
experiments. Can these implications be
explained by wave nature of light? Justify your

a. Sketch the variation of magnetic flux, the answer.

induced current, and power dissipated as 29. Derive an expression for the frequency of

Joule heat as function of time. radiation emitted when a hydrogen atom De-

b. If instead of rectangular loop, circular loop excites from level n to level(n − 1). Also show

is pulled out; do you expect the same that for large values of n, this frequency equals

value of induced current? Justify your to classical frequency of revolution of an

answer. Sketch the variation of flux in this electron.

case with time. 30. .

27. A variable resistor R is connected across a cell a. Give one point of difference between

of emf E and internal resistance r. nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

a. Draw the circuit diagram. b. Suppose we consider fission of a Fe

b. Plot the graph showing variation of into two equal fragments of Al nucleus.
potential drop across R as function of R. Is the fission energetically possible? Justify
c. At what value of R current in circuit will be your answer by working out Q value of the
maximum process.
OR
Given (m) Fe = 55.93494 u and (m) Al =
A storage battery is of emf 8V and internal
27.98191
resistance 0.5 ohm is being charged by d. c.
supply of 120 V using a resistor of 15.5 ohm.
a. Draw the circuit diagram.
6 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

SECTION E reactance when connected to an ac

ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY. IN CASE OF source of voltage V = V sin ωt.

INTERNAL CHOICES, ATTEMPT ANY ONE. b. Draw its Phasor diagram.

31. c. If resistance is added in series to capacitor

a. State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Show what changes will occur in the current

that with help of suitable figure that flowing in the circuit and phase angle

outward flux due to a point charge Q, in between voltage and current.

vacuum within Gaussian surface, is OR

independent of its size and shape. a. State the principle of ac generator.

b. In the figure, there are three infinite long b. Explain with the help of a well labeled

thin sheets having surface charge density diagram, its working and obtain the

+2σ, −2σ and +σ respectively. Give the expression for the emf generated in the

magnitude and direction of electric field coil.

at a point to the left of sheet of charge c. Is it possible to generate emf without

density +2σ and to the right of sheet of rotating the coil? Explain.

charge density +σ. 33. .

a. Define a wave front.
b. Draw the diagram to show the shape of
plane wave front as they pass through (i) a
thin prism and (ii) a thin convex lens. State
the nature of refracted wave front.
c. Verify Snell’s law of refraction using
Huygen’s principle.
OR OR
a. Define an ideal electric dipole. Give an a. State two main considerations taken into
example. account while choosing the objective of
b. Derive an expression for the torque astronomical telescope.
experienced by an electric dipole in a b. Draw a ray diagram of reflecting type
uniform electric field. What is net force telescope. State its magnifying power.
acting on this dipole? c. State the advantages of reflecting type
c. An electric dipole of length 2 cm is placed telescope over the refracting type.
with its axis making an angle of 60 with
respect to uniform electric field of 10 N/C. HINTS & SOLUTIONS
If it experiences a torque of 8√3 Nm, SECTION–A
calculate the (i) magnitude of charge on
1. Ans.
the dipole, and its potential energy.
Magnetic dipole moment,
32. .
Explanation:
a. Derive the expression for the current
Using W = MB we get M = i.e. S.I. unit of M =
flowing in an ideal capacitor and its
Joules/Tesla = .
 C.B.S.E. Sample Paper-2021 (Solved) 7

Antineutrino is emitted along with proton and

electron
2. Ans. Explanation:
Micro waves are used in TV and radar Antineutrino is antiparticle of neutrino having
communications same mass as that of neutrino but it carries a
OR different type of change called lepton
1:1 number.
EXPLANATION: OR
All E.M. waves travel in vacuum with same Electron
speed i.e., 3 × 10 m s . Explanation:
3. Ans. Atomic number of N is 11 and that of product
Zero N is 10 and there masses are same so V is
Explanation: electron.
Here, work done in circular path is zero. 8. Ans.
4. Ans. Decreases
Remains same Explanation:
Explanation: High concentration of doping results in more
number of free charges so depletion layer
Using L = we find that L does not
decreases
depend upon current I
Or
OR
25 Hz
7.07A; 50Hz
Explanation:
Explanation:
Frequency of half wave . . is the same as
I 10
I = = = 7.07A that of the input.
√2 1.414
And ω = 2πf = 314 9. Ans.
1Ω
i.e., f = = = 50Hz
× . Explanation:
5. Ans. ∆
Dynamic resistance =
∆
. . .
= = = 1Ω
× .
Explanation: 10. Ans.
nh 2h h
L= = = Photodiode
2π 2π π
Explanation:
6. Ans.
It is used in light sensor, smoke detector, cd
4 eV
player etc.
Explanation:
11. Ans. (a)
Maximum K. E. = eV = e × 4 = 4eV
Explanation:
7. Ans.
8 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

In a non uniform electric field a dipole has Light cannot escape easily through a
translatory and rotatory motion also because diamond because its critical angle with
it experiences a force as well as torque. reference to air is too small.
12. Ans. (b) 2. Explanation:
Explanation:
=n
Both A and B are correct but R is not the true
reason. i.e. n= = = 2.42
. .
13. Ans. (c) 3. Ans. (c):
Explanation: Explanation:
A convex mirror diverges the parallel rays that Sparking of suitably cut diamond is
are incident on it. is M = D/f. because of high refractive index.
14. Ans. (b) 4. Ans. (d)
Explanation: Explanation:
Converging lens of small focal length is used The critical angle will increase for TIR.
as magnifying lens. 5. Ans. (d):
Explanation:
SECTION B
Less than first because it does not undergo
15.
total internal reflection.
1. Ans. (c)
Explanation:
SECTION C
Copper, because the cage has to be
17. Ans.
conducting.
Magnetic field directions in all three regions
2. Ans. (a)
are shown using the right hand thumb rule.
Explanation:
Magnetic field is non zero in the region II
Car serves the purpose of a cage.
between the conductors whereas it can be
3. Ans. (c)
zero in the external region.
Explanation:
Zero, because the metallic cage protects
against lightning.
4. Ans. (c)
Explanation:
− , because the surface of cage is
oppositely charged.
5. Ans. None of the options
Explanation:
18. Ans.
∅= =
. × Diffraction pattern consists of a central
16. . maximum flanked by alternate minima and
1. Ans. (b) subsequent secondary maxima of reducing
Explanation:
 C.B.S.E. Sample Paper-2021 (Solved) 9

Work done w. r. t. each charge, W =

intensity i.e., , etc. as represented in the
…….(3)
graph shown in figure.
∴ Potential energy of system
U=W +W +W
kq q
= q E(r ) + q V(r ) +
|r − r |
OR

Using V = and differentiating it with respect

to , we get = = −E

∴E = −

Diagram of equi-potential surfaces:

OR

Fringe width in double slit patter, β =

Width of central maximum, β =

Where d is separation between slit and a is

width of slit

∴ nλ/d =2λ/a

i.e n = 2d/a Note: negative sign shows that increase in

19. Ans. distance decreases the potential difference.
Derivation: 20. Ans.
Here, r = |r | = |r − r | Circuit diagram

Work done to bring charge q in electric field

is given by
W = (q E. r )…………. (1)
Work done to bring charge q in electric field Action of LED
E is given by, A p − n Junction diode which emits visible light
W = q E . r …………… (2) when forward biased is known as light emitting
diode(LED). When light emitting diode is
forward biased, the electrons to p −side of the
10 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Junction diode are allowed to recombine with = × 4.5 cm = = 3 cm

the holes. Energy is released in the processes
of recombination of electron-hole in the form
23. Ans.
of visible light. The wavelength of the emitted
 n − type semi-conductor
light is given by
 Energy band diagram of −Type semi-
conductor

hc
=E
λ
Or λ =  Majority charge carriers are electrons

The symbol of LED is shown in the figure. 24. Ans.

Angle of inclination and dip are same. Dip
angle at a place is the angle made by the
total magnetic field B of earth with horizontal
component B .
Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic
field is the component of magnetic field
induction of earth along its surface i.e.

For emission in visible range least band gap horizontal direction.

energy is 1.8 eV. In right angled triangle OLP, cos δ =

21. Ans.
Magnetic flux
∅ = BA cos θ
= 10 × 100 × 10 × cos 30
√
= × 10 Wb
∅
Using, E =

√ × .
We get, E = = = 0.866 V
×

22. Ans.

Path difference =

λ = × Path difference
 C.B.S.E. Sample Paper-2021 (Solved) 11

Where δ is angle of inclination, OL is horizontal

component of earth’s magnetic field i.e. B
and OP is earth’s magnetic field i.e.
B
cos δ = SECTION D
B
Or B = B cos δ
OR 26. Ans.

Using = tan θ,

Here we get tan θ = =

√ √

∴ θ = tan
√

i.e. θ = 30
25. Ans.
Two characteristics:
1. Virtual and enlarged image
2. Formed at same side of object

Induced current and power dissipated as

Joule heat curves are same as shown above
In circular coil, rate of change of area of the
loop during its passage out of field changes so
induced e. m. f. and thus current varies
accordingly.
The variation of flux with time is shown below:

Note:

Graph between and is a straight line

12 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Charging current =
27. Ans.
a. Plot = = = 7A
Voltage across battery = E + Ir
= 8 + 7 × 0.5 = 11.5 V
Series resistor acts as a regulator to limit the
current drawn from sources so that abnormal
voltage is not supplied to the battery.
28. Ans.
de-Broglie Argument:
Nature follows symmetry so two basic physical
b. Circuit diagram
entities-mass and radiation must also be
symmetrical. Since waves shows dual behavior
then matter should also show the same.
As per de-Broglie relation:
de-Broglie wavelength, λ = np
But photon momentum p is given by
p = hv/c
From above equations we find,

p= = λ (proved)

 Using λ = h/√2mk
c. Maximum current is drawn when =0 We find λ ∝
OR Since Alpha particle is heavier than deuteron
Circuit diagram so α particle will be having shortest de-Broglie
wavelength as compared to deuterons.
OR
Implication –
 C.B.S.E. Sample Paper-2021 (Solved) 13

Kinetic energy of emitted electrons depends ( )

=( )
upon frequency of incident radiation but not
on intensity of radiation. But R =
The wave nature of radiations fails to explain ×
photoelectric effect as intensity of light is very
= =
important factor wave theory of light.  ( )
Implication-2
∴v=
( )
Below threshold frequency no photoemission For large values of , classical frequency
takes place however high intensity of v = v/2πr where
radiation may be. n h
The implication has no explanation in wave
r = 4πε
4π me
theory of light. 30. Ans.
29. Ans. a. Nuclear fission:
Derivation: It is a process of splitting a heavy nucleus
According to Bohr’s postulate, energy is into two nuclei of comparable masses
radiated only if an electron jumps from higher along with the emission of large amount of
energy orbit (n = n ) to lower energy orbit(n = energy.
n ), where n > n .
The energy of the emitted radiation is given Nuclear fusion:
by, It is a process in which two very light nuclei
hv = E − E (A ≤ 8) combine to form a nucleus with a
Using equation (viii), we get, large mass number along with
simultaneous release of large amount of
hv = − − −
energy.

=Rch − b. ∆ = (m − 2m )
= 55.96382 v − 55.93494
Or =Rch − ∵ c = vλ = 0.02888 u
∆mc
Q= × 9.1.5 MeV
∴ =R − c
= 0.02888 × 931.5
But = v, wave number (i.e. number of waves = 26.90 MeV
in unit distance) Justification is not feasible.
1 1
v=R −
n n SECTION E
Here = R −( 31. SOLUTION:
( ) )
a. Statement of Gauss law:
( )
i.e., = R The total electric flux through any closed
( ) ( )

surface in free space is times the total

=R ∈
( ) )
charge enclosed by the surface.
14 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

i.e., ∅ = ∮ E. dS =
∈

Where q is the total charge enclosed by

the surface S and ε is the permittivity of
free space.
 Outward flux due to a point charge Q in
vacuum within Gaussian surface is
independent of its size and shape.
Consider following:
Shapes and sizes of surfaces enclosing
charge Q in vacuum.

Where is the dipole moment

⇒τ=P×E
Direction of torque is given by right
handed screw rule.
Direction of torque is ⊥ to the plane of the
paper directed inward.
 Net force is zero.
c. Using τ = (q × 2a)Esin θ, we get
τ 8√3 × 2
q= =
2a E sin θ 2 × 10 × 10 × √3
= 8 × 10 C
 P. E. = (q × 2a)E sin θ
As per Gauss law, flux ∅ = charge
= 8 × 10 × 2 × 10 × 10 ×
enclosed
Since charge enclosed is same in all cases =8J
so outward electric flux also same. 32. Ans.
b. Net electric field towards left of sheet of a. Derivation:
charge density +2σ is given by , directed Alternating e. m. f. applied to a capacitor is
towards left. shown in figure. Such a circuit is known as
Net electric field towards right of sheet of purely capacitive circuit.
charge density σ is given by , directed The alternating e. m. f. applied across the
capacitor is given by,
towards right. E = E sin ωt …(i)
OR
a. An ideal dipole is a system of two equal Let q be the charge on the capacitor at
and opposite charges of magnitude very any instant.
large separated by a negligibly small ∴ Then potential difference across the
distance e. g. atom. capacitor,
q
b. Let a dipole is placed in uniform V =
electric field E. +q charge will experience C
a force qE parallel to E, whereas −q
charge experiences a force qE anti-
parallel to E. Since these forces are equal
and opposite, so the net force is
experienced.
Forces on A and B constitute couple.
∴ Torque is given by,
∴ τ = (qE) × BC = q E 2A sin θ
i.e. τ = q × 2a E sin θ = pE sin θ
 C.B.S.E. Sample Paper-2021 (Solved) 15

But V = E b. Construction:
It consists of large number of turns of
r = E = E sin ωt∴ q = E C sin ωt
conducting wire wound on iron core. This
Now, I = = (E C sin ωt) arrangement is known as armature (A).
N − S are strong field magnets. B and S are
= E C(cos ωt)ω
the brush and slip ring arrangement.
= cos ωt. = cos ωt

Where X =

Since, cos ωt = sin ωt +

∴ I = I sin ωt + …(ii)

Where I = is the peak value of a. c.

Comparison of equations (i) and (ii) shows that

current leads the e. m. f. by an angle in a purely
capacitive . . circuit.

The phasor diagram for capacitor is shown

Working. When coil rotates in magnetic
below:
field, flux linking with it changes as per its
position in the field. Let θ be the angle
which ‘normal to plane of coil’ makes with
the magnetic field B. Rotation of coil
causes induced e. m. f. in the coil given by
e = e sin θ
If θ = 0 i.e., plane of the coil is normal to
field then e = 0 and
When θ = 90 i.e. plane of the coil is along
the field then e = e
When θ = 180 i.e. plane of the coil is
normal to field then e = 0.
Capacitive reactance X − When θ = 270 i.e. plane of the coil is
ω

b. Adding R in this circuit will make it behave antiparallel to field then e = −e

as RC series circuit. When θ = 360 i.e. plane of the coil is

normal to the field then e = 0.
Then current is given by, Plotting the above, gives an a. c. wave.
X Slip ring and brush arrangement makes it
I = V R + X Z, tan ∅ =
R possible to supply induced . . . to the
OR load without twisting of the connecting
leads.
a. Principle of generator:
As per Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction when a coil is rotated in uniform
magnetic field an induced e. m. f. is
produced in it.
16 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Huygen’s Principle, each point on the

plane wave-front AB acts as a source of
secondary disturbance. Thus CD is the
refracted wave-front.

Time taken by wavelets to reach from B to

Induced e. m. f. , E = nBA ω sin ωt
C and A to D is given by.
c. Generation of e. m. f. can be due to
relative motion (may be linear) between a Where v and v are speeds of light in
coil and magnetic as well as by changing medium (1) and medium (2) respectively.
the area of coil. But in this particles case
either coil or magnet is to be rotated for ∴t= t= = …(i)
generating a. c.
33. Ans. In ∆ACB, BC = AC sin i ...(ii)
a. Definition of wave-front:
BC v
Each source of light is a centre of =
AD v
disturbance from which waves spread in
all directions. All particles equidistant from
the source and vibrating in same phase lie
And in ∆ACD, AD = AC sin …(iii)
on a surface known as wave-front.
b. . sin i v
=
sin r v
From above equation, we have
sin i cv μ
= = = =μ
sin r cv μ

Where μ is refractive index of medium (2)

w.r.t. medium (1).

⇒ = μ ,.

Which is Snell’s law of refraction

OR
a.
i. Focal length of objective is kept
large.
ii. Aperture of objective is kept large.
It should have high resolving power
and high light collecting capacity.

c. Verification of Snell’s Law: b.

Let a plane wave-front AB be incident on
the boundary XY (Figure). According to
C.B.S.E. Sample Paper-2021 (Solved) 17

i. Image is free from chromatic and

spherical aberration, so image is sharp
and brighter.
ii. Since the mirrors used in reflecting
type telescopes reflect the whole light
falling on them so image formed is
quite bright. It has much better
resolution.
 Magnifying power of a cassegrainian
reflecting telescope is given by,
f f
m= 1+
f D
Where, = and R is the radius of curvature
of objective mirror.
c. i. Image is free from chromatic and
spherical aberration, so image is
sharp.
iii. Since the mirrors used in reflecting
type telescopes reflect the whole light
falling on them so image formed quite
bright. It has much better resolution.
 Sample Question Papers 1

Sample Question Papers

Sample Question Paper - 1
Maximum Marks : 70 Time Allowed : 3 hours

General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of 1 mark each.
Section B has two case study based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine short answer
questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each and Section
E contains three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of the
choices in such questions.

SECTION A ii. highest permitted energy level to the

ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY. IN CASE second permitted level.

OF INTERNAL CHOICES, ATTEMPT ANY ONE OF 6. Does the ‘stopping potential’ in photoelectric

THEM emission depend upon

1. An electron and a proton moving parallel to i. the intensity of the incident radiation
each other in the same direction with equal in a photocell?
momenta enter into a uniform magnetic field
ii. the frequency of the incident
which is at right angles to their velocities.
Trace their trajectories in the magnetic field. radiation?
2. A plane e. m. wave travels in vacuum in z- 7. Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio
direction. What can you say about the 1: 8. What is the ratio of their nuclear radii?
direction of electric and magnetic vector?
OR
OR
What oscillates in electromagnetic waves? How is the radius of a nucleus related to its
Are these waves transverse or longitudinal? mass number?
3. State any rule which relates the direction of
8. Draw energy band diagram for a n − type
electric current and the direction of the
accompanying magnetic field. extrinsic conductor.
4. The motion of copper plate is damped when OR
it is allowed to oscillate between the two
Why are elemental dopants for Silicon or
poles of a magnet. What is the cause of this
damping? Germanium usually chosen from Group
OR or group XV?
Give the phase difference between applied
9. Give the ratio of velocities of light rays of
. . voltage and current in a LCR circuit at
resonance. wavelength, 4000 A and 8000 A in vacuum.
5. Calculate the ratio of energies of photons 10. A lens shown in figure is made of two different
produced due to transition of electron of materials. A point object is placed on its axis.
hydrogen atom from its. How many images will it form?
i. second permitted energy level to the
first level, and
2 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

The displacement of the interfering light

waves are y = 4 sin ωt and y = 3 sin ωt + ,

then amplitude of resultant wave is 5 unit.

REASON (R):

Resultant amplitude a = a +a
Where a and a are amplitudes of the
interfering waves.
14. ASSERTION (A):
The final image formed in an astronomical
For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14, two
statements are given-one labeled Assertion refracting telescope with respect to the
(A) and the other labeled Reason (R). Select object is real and erect.
the correct answer to these questions from the
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below. REASON (R):
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct Magnifying power of telescope for normal
explanation of A.
adjustment is given by, M = − .
b. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false. SECTION B
d. A is false and R is also false
11. ASSERTION (A): Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study Based
A primary cell has e. m. f. 2V. When short questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4
circuited, it gives a current of 4A. The internal sub parts from each question. Question
resistance of the cell is 0.5 Ω . carries 1 mark.
REASON (R): 15. Dust Cloud Ignition Caused due to Static
During short circuit load resistance becomes Electricity
zero. A case study investigates the reasons behind
12. ASSERTION (A): the ignition of dust cloud during a manual
The given figure shows a balanced Wheat powder processing. About 18 kg of
stone bridge combustible powder was tipped from a
plastic drum into a metal vessel. The powder
had a minimum ignition energy of 12 mJ. It
was noticed that there was an ignition of dust
cloud formed at the top of vessel due to
pouring of powder. To verify the theory of this
ignition, 18 kg of same powder was tipped
from a similar drum into Faraday Cage.
Surface area of the chime was about
0.0641 m . Total charge created by the
movement of powder was 3.6 μC . The
maximum charge density of surface in air is
equivalent to 27 μC per square metre. The
capacitance of chime was estimated to be
REASON (R):
For a balanced bridge no current should flow 71 pf.

through the galvanometer.

13. ASSERTION (A):
Sample Question Papers 3

16. Economical substitute of Diamonds

The table below shows value of index of
refraction values for many optical media. The
top of the list shows the media which are
optically less dense and the bottom of the list
shows higher optical density.
Optical Medium Refractive index
Clear Air 1.0003
Ice (Transparent) 1.31
water 1.333
Ethyl alcohol 1.36
Using the above information and
Zircon 1.923
understanding of basic concepts of
Rutile 2.907
electrostatics, answer the following:
Gallium phosphite 3.50
1. The cause of ignition is/are:
These values provide a measure of the
a. charging of powder due to friction
relative speed of a light wave in a particular
b. induced charge on the metal drum
medium. Ice, water and ethyl alcohol have
c. developed potential difference
almost same indices of refraction value. It
d. all of these
also refers to the fact that relative speed of
2. The total charge density of the chime is:
light wave is almost same in them. Vacuum
a. 27 /
and air also have almost same refractive
b. 56 × 10 /
indices. It means that relative speed of light in
c. 72 /
vacuum and air are almost same. A study is
d. 65 × 10 /
aimed to ascertain cheaper materials to
3. The maximum charge on the chime is
replace costlier materials for different
a. 1.7 × 10
material. This table is also used to find critical
b. 7.1 × 10
angle.
c. 3.6
d. 6.3 Answer the following questions using the

4. Voltage of the chime is above para and knowledge of optics.

a. 2400 1. Which materials can roughly substitute a

b. 4200 diamond? Take refractive and of

c. 24 diamond as 2.417.

d. 42 a. Rutile

5. . . unit of charge density is b. Gallium Phosphate

a. c. Zircon
b. d. Both (a) and (b)
c.
d.
4 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

2. ‘A material having high physical density ii. monochromatic source is replaced by

i.e.; (mass per unit volume) has to have a source of white light.
high optical density.‘ this statement is OR
a. False A parallel beam of light of 500 nm falls on a
b. True narrow slit and the resulting diffraction pattern
c. May be false or true is observed on a screen 1 m away. It is
d. Statement is vague observed that the first minimum is at a
3. The critical angle for the diamond air distance of 2.5 mm from the centre of the
boundary is screen. Calculate the width of the slit.
a. 42.4 19. Calculate equivalent capacitance between
b. 24.4 the point A and B in the following
c. 90 combination.
d. 44.2
4. Ethyl alcohol has almost some refractive
index as that of
a. Diamond
b. Ice
c. Water
d. Both (b) and (c)
5. Relative speed of light in vacuum is
OR
almost same as in
Four point charges q = 2 μC , q = −5 μC , or
a. Water
q = −2 μC and q = −5 μC are located at the
b. Ice
corners of a square ABCD of side 10 cm.
c. Normal air
What is the force on a charge of 1 μC placed
d. Clear air
at the centre of the square?
20. An . . signal is fed to two circuits X and Y
SECTION C
and the corresponding outputs in the two
All questions are compulsory. In case of
cases have the waveforms shown below.
internal choices attempt any one
Name the circuits X and Y. and also give the
17. A semi-circular arc of radius 20 cm carries a
minimum number of semiconductor diodes
current of 10 A. Calculate the magnitude of
used in each of these circuits.
magnetic field at the Centre of arc.
18. What is the effect on the interference fringes
in a Young’s double slit experiment due to
each of the following operations. Give reason
for your answer:
i. separation between two slits is
increased
 Sample Question Papers 5

21. A jet plane is travelling west at 450 ms . If the

horizontal component of earth’s magnetic
field at that place is 4 × 10 tesla and the
angle of dip is 30 , find the e. m. f. induced
between the ends of wings having a span of
30 m.
22. Using the lens formula, show that an object
placed between the optical centre and the SECTION D
focus of a convex lens produces a virtual and
ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSARY. ATTEMPT
enlarged image.
ANY ONE OF INTERNAL CHOICE.
23. Estimate the distance for which ray optics is
26. An LC circuit contains a 20 mH inductor and a
good approximation for an aperture of 4 mm
50 μF capacitor with an initial charge of
and wavelength 400 nm.
10 mC . The resistance of the circuit is
24. A long straight wire AB carries a current of 4 A.
negligible. Assume the instant the circuit is
A proton P travels at 4 × 10 m s , parallel to
closed to be = 0
the wire, 0.2 m from it and in a direction
a. What is the total energy stored initially
opposite to the current as shown in the figure.
b. What is the frequency and time period of
LC oscillations?
c. At what time is the energy stored
i. completely electrical (i.e. stored in
capacitor)
ii. completely magnetic (stored in
the inductor)?
27. A potential difference of 2V is applied
between the points A and B as shown in the
network drawn in the figure. Calculate
i. the equivalent resistance of the
Calculate the force which the magnetic field network across the points A and B and
of current exerts on the proton. Also specify ii. the magnitudes of currents flowing in
the direction of the force. the arms AFCEB and AFDEB.
OR
A solenoid of 500 turns/m is carrying a current
of 3A. Calculate the magnitude of magnetic
intensity inside the solenoid. Length of the
solenoid is 0.5 m and has a radius of 1 cm.
25. An equi-convex lens of focal length 15 cm is
cut into two equal halves as shown in figure.
What is the focal length of each half?
6 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

OR of wavelengths 620 nm? Support your answer

a. The I − V characteristics of a resistor are with mathematical calculations.
observed to deviate from a straight line
for higher values of currents as shown
below. Why?

29. Mentioning assumptions made by Rutherford,

deduce distance of closest approach to
b. Two wires of equal length, one of
determine the (Radius or size of a nucleus).
Aluminium and the other of Copper have
30. Answer the following questions:
the same resistance. Which of the two
a. Are the following equations of nuclear
wires is lighter? Hence explain why
reactions balanced in the sense of a
aluminum wires are preferred for
chemical equation e.g. 2H + O = 2H O?
overhead power cables. (ρ = 2.63 ×
If not, in what sense are they balanced on
10 Ω, ρ = 1.72 × 10 Ω. Relative density
both side? for example:
of Al = 2.7, that of Cu = 8.9).
C + C → Ne + He
28. .
b. If both the number of protons and
a. Write down the expression for the radii of
number of neutrons are conserved in
orbits of a hydrogen atom. Calculate the
each nuclear reaction, in what way is
radius of the smallest orbit.
mass converted into energy or vice-versa
b. Use Bohr’s postulate to prove that the
in a nuclear reaction?
circumference of the ℎ permitted orbit
c. A general impression exists that mass-
for the electron can ‘contain’ exactly
energy inter-conversion takes place only
wavelengths of the de-Broglie
in nuclear reactions and never in
wavelength associated with the electron
chemical reactions. This is strictly speaking
in that orbit.
incorrect. Explain.
OR
The energy levels of an atom of element are
shown in the diagram. Which of the level
transitions will result in the emission of photons
 Sample Question Papers 7

SECTION E
ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY. ATTEMPT
ANY ONE OF INTERNAL CHOICE.
31. In a hydrogen atom, the electron and proton
are bound at a distance of about 0.53A.
a. Estimate the potential energy of the 32. A voltage V = V sin wt is applied to a series
system in eV , taking the zero of the LCR circuit. Derive the expression for the
potential energy at infinite separation of average power dissipated over a cycle.
the electron from proton. Under what condition is
b. What is the minimum work required to free i. no power dissipated even though the
the electron, given that its kinetic energy current flows through the circuit,
in the orbit is half the magnitude of ii. maximum power dissipated in the
potential energy obtained in (a)? circuit?
c. What are the answers to (a) and (b) OR
above if the zero of potential energy is a. An a. c. source generating a voltage
taken at 1.06A separation? V = V sin ωt is connected to a capacitor
OR of capacitance C. Find the expression for
a. Explain using suitable diagrams, the the current I flowing through it. Plot a
difference in the behavior of a graph of V and versus ωt to show that
(i) conductor and (ii) dielectric in the
the current is ahead of the voltage.
presence of external electric field. Define
b. A resistor of 200 Ω and a capacitor of
the terms polarization of a dielectric.
15 μF are connected in series to
What is dielectric strength?
a 220V, 50Hz a.c. source. Calculate the
b. A thin metallic spherical shell of radius R
current in the circuit and the voltage
carries a charge Q on its surface. A point
across the resistor and the capacitor. Why
charge Q/2 is placed at its centre C and
the algebraic sum of these voltages is
another charge +2Q is placed outside the
more than the source voltage?
shell at a distance from the centre as
33.
shown in the figure. Find
a. Suppose while sitting in a parked car, you
i. the force on the charge at the
notice a Jogger approaching towards
centre of shell and at the point A,
you in the rear view mirror of R = 2m. If the
ii. the electric flux through the shell.
Jogger is running at a speed of 5 m s ,
how fast is the image of the Jogger
moving, when the Jogger is
a. 39 m
b. 29 m
c. 19 m and
8 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

d. 9 m way HINTS & SOLUTIONS

b. A magician during a show makes a glass
lens = 1.47 disappear in a trough of SECTION A
liquid. What is the refractive index of the
liquid? Could the liquid be water? 1. Using = qvB, we get, r =
OR
Both electron and proton will have circular
Using a sketch, deduce a relation for
magnifying power of compound microscope. trajectories of equal radii but of opposite
direction.
2. Field vectors will be mutually perpendicular,
i.e., in and directions.
OR
 Charge (or photon)
 Transverse
3. Right hand thumb rule:
It states, if a current carrying conductor is
supposed to be held in the right hand such
that thumb points in the direction of current
then tips of encircled fingers give the
direction of magnetic lines of force.
4. Eddy current is developed in the copper
plate.
OR
0 i.e. in phase

. ( . ) .
5. = = = 5.1
( . ) .

6. ( ) ( )

7. Using, = , we get, = =
OR
The relationship between radius R and mass
number A is given by,
R = R A , where R = 1.1 × 10 m is the
range of nuclear force.
8. .
 Sample Question Papers 9

OR 3. (a)
The dopant should be such that it easily Charge in air = charge density in air ×
contributes a charge carrier and also the size surface area
of dopant atoms should be such as not to = (27 × 10 )(0.0641)
distort the pure semi-conductor lattice = 1.7 × 10 C
structure. 4. (c)
9. Velocities in vacuum for light of any Charge in air
Voltage =
Capacitance
wavelength is same. Therefore, ratio of
( . × )
velocities is one. = = 24kV
×
10. Minimum two images will be formed. 5. (b)
11. (d) r = = = 0.5 Ω Coulomb per metre

12. (d) For a balanced Wheatstone bridge 16.

1. (d)
=
Both Zircon and Rutile have refractive
In the given case it is not true. indices close to that of diamond.
13. (a) a = a + a = √4 + 3 = √25 = 5 unit 2. (a)

14. (d) Both assertion and reason are false. The 3. (b) Critical angle = sin =
final image formed in an astronomical .
sin
refracting telescope with respect to the .

object is virtual and inverted. = 24. 4

Magnifying power of telescope for normal 4. (d)

5. (d)
adjustment is given by, M = − .

SECTION C
SECTION B
× ×
15. . 17. B = = ×
×
1. The powder was charged due to friction = 1.57 × 10 Wb m or T
between plastic drum and slide powder. 18.
This effect induced charge on the metal
i. Fringe width, β = . If distance
chime. The developed potential
between slits (d) is increased, fringe
difference ignited the powder dust
width will be decreased.
because of the fact that developed
ii. The fringe pattern can be coloured,
potential energies would have been more
dull, faint and of unequal width.
than 12 mJ.
OR
2. Charge density of Chime
λD (500 × 10 )(1)
x= = = 2 × 10 m
= = d 2.5 × 10

3.6×10−6
=
0.0641
= 56 × 10 C/m
10 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

19. Here, 5 , 10 and 15 capacitors are in 1 1 1

= +
v f u
parallel. Equivalent capacitance of these
1 1 1
capacitors is given by As   0
v f |u|
C = 5 + 10 + 15 = 30 μF
⇒v < 0
Now, C and 30 μF are in series
×
The image is virtual and on the left side of the
∴C = = 15μF
lens. Moreover the image is enlarged
OR because <
| | | |
The symmetry of the figure clearly indicates
i.e., | | < | |
that 1 μC charge will face equal and opposite
23. Here = 400 = 400 × 10
forces due to equal charges of 2 μC placed
Aperture =4 = 4 × 10
at A and C. Similarly, 1 μC charge will face
∴ Distance for which ray optics is good
equal and opposite forces due to −5 μC
approximation.
charges placed at D and B.
a2
= Fresnel’s distance, Zf 

( × )
= = 40m
×

24. Magnetic field,

μ I 4π × 10 × 4
B= = = 4 × 10 T
2πr 2 × π × 0.2

Thus, net force = Zero

20. X is half wave rectifier and Y is full wave
rectifier.
For figures of half wave and full wave rectifiers
and 1 and has 2 semiconductor diodes.
21. e. m. f. induced, E = B v l
Here B = B tan δ = 4 × 10 × tan 30
From, F = qv B sin θ
4
= × 10−4 T = (1.6 × 10 )(4 × 10 )(4 × 10 )(1)
3

Then E = × 10 × 450 × 30 = 3.12 V [∵ sin = sin 90 = 1]

√
= 2.56 × 10 N
22. Using lens equation − = for convex lens
OR
where f > 0, u < 0 (because the object is on
Using, = , we get,
the left hand side of the lens) and 0 < |u| < f,
B = 4 π × 10 × 500 × 3
we get
= 1.9 × 10 T
Sample Question Papers 11

25. Let f = f = f′ be the focal length of each

piece, then

1 1 1 1 1 2
    
f f1 f2 f ' f ' f '

∴ = Or f= 30 cm


SECTION D
26. .
a. Initial total energy:
Q (10 × 10 )
E= = = 1J
2C 2 × (50 × 10 )
b.
i. Frequency of oscillations

= =
√ ( × )( × )

= 159.1 Hz
ii. Time period
1 1
= = = 6.3 ms STEP 2:
v 159.1
c. Circuit current is I = = 1A which is equally
i. Electrical energy is completely
divided in the arms i.e. A each.
stored at t = 0; ; T and i.e. at
OR
0,3.15 s, 6.3 ms and 9.45 ms.
a. A resistor becomes non ohmic at higher
ii. Magnetic energy is completely
value of current. Resistance of a
stored at t = ; and conductor depends upon temperature.
i.e. at 1.5 ms, 4.72 ms and 7.88 ms Current I in a resistor prodcues heat I R
27. STEP 1: which heats the resistor. Increase in
The equivalent network is as shown in the
temperature of resistor changes the
figure. The given circuit is balanced
Wheatstone bridge, therefore, circuit will ohmic value of the resistor non-linearly.
reduce to parallel combination of 4 and
resistors. b. Aluminium R =ρ ×
Equivalent resistance become
4 + 4 16 Mass of aluminium wire,
R = = = 2Ω
4+4 8 M = A lρ

Copper R =ρ ×

Mass of copper wire,

M = A lρ
/( . × ) .
Then = =
( . × ) .
12 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

As resistance R and R are equal, (6.62 × 10 )(3 × 10 )

λ =
( . × ) . × [0 − (−10)](1.6 × 10 )
∴ l= l
= 124 × 10 m = 124 nm
. (6.62 × 10 )(3 × 10 )
i.e., = λ =
. [1 − (−3)](1.6 × 10 )
. × .
∴ = = 2.16 = 620.4 × 10 m = 620 nm
. × .
Clearly, λ will be quite less
Aluminium is lighter, so it is used for
overhead power cables.
29. Assumptions made by Rutherford
28.
i. The scattering is because of collision
a. Radius of permitted orbit of an electron is
(elastic) between alpha particle and
given by r = 4πε , with usual nucleus.
notations ii. Motion of the nucleus during impact is
For smallest orbit, n = 1 not taken into consideration because
it is heavy.
∴ r = 4πε
iii. Alpha particles as well as nucleus are
Putting the values of various constants i.e.,
taken as point charges.
h = 6.625 × 10 Js, m = 9.1 × 10 kg
Derivation:
e = 1.6 × 10 C
Let an − particle ( ℎ + 2 ) having
And ∈ = 8.85 × 10
energy E MeV is directed towards the centre
We get, = 5.29 × 10
of the nucleus (charge Ze) . As it moves
b. As per Bohr’s postulate,
towards the nucleus, the force of repulsion
nh
mvr = between − particle and the nucleus
2π

i.e., 2πr = ………..(i) increases ∵ F ∝ , r = distance . Due to this

h force of repulsion, the velocity of -particle

But
mv
= λ (as per De-Broglie’s postulate)
goes on decreasing. When the distance
⇒ 2πr = nλ
between −particle and the nucleus is equal
Aliter:
to the distance of closest approach (r ), the
Circumference of ℎ orbit = n × λ
− particle comes to rest. At this point or
OR
distance, the kinetic energy of -parpticle is
Using, E − E = hv = completely converted into electric potential

i.e. λ = energy of the system (i.e., α −particle and the

nucleus).
( . × )( × )
∴λ = STEP 1:
[ ( )( . × )
Electric potential energy of the system =
= 1241 × 10 m = 1241 nm
electric potential at r due to the nucleus ×
( . × )( × )
∴λ = ( )]( . × charge on the −particle.
[ )

= 414 × 10 m = 414 nm
Sample Question Papers 13

c. Chemical energy is also due to mass

defect, so difference in the total mass of
atoms on the two sides of chemical
reaction gets converted into energy or
vice-versa. But the mass defect in a
chemical reaction is almost a million times
smaller than that in a nuclear reaction.
The negligible mass-energy inter-
= × 2e = conversion in a chemical reaction, gives
∈ ∈

STEP 2: this wrong impression.

At the distance of closest approach kinetic SECTION E

energy = Potential energy 31.

a. P. E. U =
∈
i.e., K. E. =
∈
× ×( . × )( . × )
=
Or r = . ×
∈ . .
= −43.47 × 10 J
Which is the expression for the distance of
. ×
closest approach and determines the radius =− = −27.17eV
. ×
of a nucleus. Taking zero at infinity,
30. P.E.−27.17 − 0 = −27.17 eV
a. Not necessarily. In a nuclear reaction, b. K.E. of electron is half of P.E.
neutron number and proton number, are .
∴ K. E. = = 13.585 (K.E. is always
conserved separately. positive)
At very high energies, even this may not Total energy of electron =−27.17 + 13.585

be valid. In fact, total charge and total = −13.585 eV

baryon number is conserved. In the given Work required to free the electron

example, neutron number and proton =0 − (−13.585) = 13.585

number are separately conserved. c. P.E. at 1.06 × 10 separation.

× . × . ×
b. Total rest mass of neutrons and protons is U’ =
. ×
the same on either side. Neutron number = −21.74 × 10 j
and proton number are conserved in a . ×
=− = −13.585 eV
nuclear reaction. However, total energy . ×

Taking −13.585 eV as zero of P.E., then

of nuclei on one side may not be same as
. . of the system = −27.17 − (−13.585) =
on other side. Difference in total mass of
−13.585 eV
nuclei on the two sides gets converted
OR
into energy. Thus, a nuclear reaction is an
a. In a conductor E =0
example of mass-energy inter-conversion.
In a dielectric E ≠0
14 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

= V I sin ωt (sin ωt cos ∅ + cos ωt sin ∅)

= V I [sin ωt cos ∅ + sin ωt cos ωt sin ∅]

= V I [sin ωt cos ∅ + sin ∅]

∅
= V I [sin ωt cos ∅ + ]

Average power, P =
1 T sin 2 ωt sin ∅
= V I
T 0 0 0
sin2 ωt cos ∅ + 2
dt

Conductor
As sin ωt dt = dt

= [T − 0] =

And sin 2 ωt dt = 0 we get

VI VI
P= [cos ∅] T = cos ∅
2T 2
V0 I0
= cos ∅ = Vrms Irms cos ∅
2 2

i. When resistance of inductor and

capacitor are zero i.e., in the case of
Dielectric pure inductor and pure capacitor
Polarization of a dielectric is the process power dissipated is zero.
of getting equal and opposite charges on ii. Maximum power is dissipated at
the two opposite faces of the dielectric resonance when X = X and circuit
on the application of electric field. behaves as purely resistive.
P=χ E OR
Dielectric strength: a. V = V sin ωt
The maximum value of the electric field And V =
intensity that can be applied to the
Current, I =
dielectric material without its electric
V V
break down is called the dielectric I = =
X 1
strength of that material. ωC
π
b. Net force on charge = 0 I = I sin ωt +
2
Net force on charge 2Q placed at A. b. V = V sin ωt

∴ E = E × 2Q = And V =

∴∅= Current, I =

V V
32. V = V sin ωt and I = I (sin ωt + ∅) I = =
X 1
∴ P = V I sin ωt (sin ωt + ∅) ωC
Sample Question Papers 15

1 = (μ − 1) − where μ = , we
X = = 212.3Ω
(2π fC)
get = 0
Z= R + X = 291.5Ω
Or f =  for μ = μ
V 220
I = = = 0.755 A Thus, lens in the liquid acts like a plane
Z 291.5
glass, when refractive index of the lens
V = 151 V
and liquid is same.
V = 160.3 V
i.e., μ = μ = 1.5
Two voltages are out of phase, so the
This given medium is not water because
difference is because of this.
refractive index of water is 1.33.
33. Focal length, f = = = 1m

Using + =
1 1 1 u−f
= − =
v f u u
i.e. v =

a. When Jogger is 39m away, i.e., u = −39m

( )
We get, v = = m

After 1 second, as the jogger moves at

5 m/s , the position of the jogger is,
u = −39 + 5 = −34 m
b. X = = 212.3Ω
( ) ( )
∴ Position of image, V’ = = m
Z= R + X = 291.5 Ω
∴ Average speed of jogger’s image
= Difference in positions of Jogger in 1 v 220
I = = = 0.755A
second Z 291.5
V = 151 V
= v − v
V = 160.3 V
= − = = = m
Two voltages are out of phase, so the
(b) to (d) for u = −29m, −19m and −9 m difference is because of this.
Average speed of Jogger’s image works OR
out to m/s; m/s; m/s respectively The magnifying power of a compound

by proceeding similarly as above microscope is defined as the ratio of the

Conclusion: angle subtended by the final image at the

The speed of Jogger’s image increases as eye to the angle subtended by the object at

the Jogger approaches the car. the eye when both are at a distance of least

b. Using lens maker’s formula. distance of distinct vision.

16 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

" "
tan β = and from ∆PC A".
"

PA"
tan α =
C A"
Hence equation (ii) becomes
"B"/ " " "
M. P. = = ………..(iii)
"/ "

Since PA" = AB
A"B"
∴ M. P. = …………….(iv)
AB

Multiplying and dividing . . . of equation

(iv) by A′B′, we get
Step 1:
A"B" A B
Let ∠PC A" = α = angle subtended by the M. P = ×
AB AB
object at the eye when placed at the A"B" ′ ′
= × AABB ……….(v)
distance of distinct vision and ∠A"C2 B" = β = A′ B′

angle subtended by the final image at the ′ ′

But = (for object lens) = m
eye when placed at the distanced of distinct
vision " "
And =
 
Then M. P. = ……….. (i)
(For eye-piece lens) =m
Since and are small angles, so they can
Hence equation (v) can be written as
be replaced by their tangents in equation (i),
M. P. = m × m
we get

M. P. = …………(ii)

From ∆A"C B",

STEP 2: Since final image is formed at a distance of
Determination of m0 distinct vision ( . . ), so v = D

Now m0 = = Hence equation (vii) becomes

m = for an eye-piece − + = ……..(viii)

where u and v be the distances of the
object and image from the objective STEP 4:
lens………….. (vi) Applying new cartesian sign convention:
STEP 3: u = −u , v = −D , We get
Determination of me 1 1 1
− + =
(−u ) (−D) f
A "B" v 0
me  
A'B' ue Or − =
Where = distance of final image " " from Multiplying both sides by D, we get
eye-piece………….. (vii) D D
−1=
u = Distance of object   from eye-piece u f
Sample Question Papers 17

objects. In such microscopes, the object AB is

Or = 1+ … …………….(ix)
placed very close to the focus of the
Substituting the value of equation (ix) in
objective lens, i.e., u = f .
equation (viii), we get m = 1 + ………..(x) The image   is formed very close to the eye

Using equation (vi) and (x) in equation (iii), we lens i.e. = = distance between the

get objective and eyepiece = length of

v D microscope
M. P. = 1+
−u f Hence, magnifying power, of such a
In this case, length of microscope = + microscope becomes.
……. (xi) L D
M. P. = − 1+
It may be noted that there are microscopes f f

which are used to see the extremely small

 Sample Question Papers 17

Sample Question Paper - 2

Maximum Marks 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.

2. This questions paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of 1 mark
each. Section B has two case study based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine
short answer questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks
each and Section E contains three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.

SECTION A i. distance between the coils is

ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSARY. IN CASE increased and

OF INTERNAL CHOICES, ATTEMPT ANY ONE ii. number of turns in the coils is

OF THEM increased?

1. In a certain arrangement a proton does not 5. What is the Bohr quantization condition for

get deflected while passing through a the angular momentum of an electron in

magnetic field region. Under what the second orbit?

condition is it possible? 6. If the intensity of incident radiation in a

2. Which part of e. m. spectrum is used in photo cell is increased, how does the

operating a Radar? stopping potential vary?

OR 7. When an electron falls from a higher

Write the following radiations in an energy to a lower energy level, the

ascending order in respect of their difference in the energies appears in the

frequencies. form of electromagnetic radiation. Why

X-rays, microwaves, ultraviolet rays, radio- cannot it be emitted as other forms of

waves. energy?

3. At a place, the horizontal component of OR

earth’s magnetic field is B and angle of dip Name the series of the hydrogen spectrum

is 60 . What is the value of horizontal which lies in the visible region of the

component of the earth’s magnetic field at electromagnetic spectrum.

equator? 8. What is the order of energy gap in the semi-

4. Define ‘quality factor’ of resonance in conductor?

series LCR circuit. What is its S.I. unit? OR

OR Draw the voltage current characteristic of

How does the mutual inductance of a pair a − junction diode in forward bias.

of coils change when

18 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

9. A germanium specimen is doped with In the case of plane mirror the distance of
aluminium. The concentration of acceptor image is equal to the distance of object.
atoms is 10 /m . Given that the intrinsic 14. ASSERTION (A):
concentration of electron-hole pairs is When light reflects from the air glass plate
10 / , find the concentration of electrons interface, the reflected wave suffers a
in the specimen. phase change of π.
10. Sn, C and Si, Ge are all group XIV elements. REASON (R):
Yet, is a conductor, C is an insulator The centre of the interference pattern is
while and are semi-conductors. Why? dark.
For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and , two SECTION B
statements are given-one labeled assertion QUESTIONS 15 AND 16 ARE CASE STUDY
(A) and the other labeled reason (R). Select BASED QUESTIONS AND ARE COMPULSORY.
the correct answer to these questions from ATTEMPT ANY 4 SUB PARTS FROM EACH
the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given QUESTION. EACH QUESTION CARRIES 1
below: MARK.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the 15. DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION FOR MAJOR
correct explanation of A. DEPRESSIVE DISORDER:
b. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the A study is conducted to use constant, low
correct explanation of A. direct current supplied by a battery
c. A is true but R is false through two electrodes placed on the
d. A is false and R is also false. human head. There is a positive electrode
11. ASSERTION (A): and a negative electrode. The electric
Two capacitors of same capacity are firstly current flows from one terminal of the
connected in parallel and then in series. battery to an electrode human head,
The ratio of equivalent capacitances in two second electrode and second terminal of
cases is 2: 1. the battery thereby completing the circuit.
REASON (R): The current was varied as per requirement
In series capacitance decreases. with the help of a variac. One electrode
12. ASSERTION (A): was placed on the region of interest and
Mass of positively charged body slightly second on the neck or shoulder and
increases. stimulation was gradually increased from
REASON (R): very low value to the desired value. The
The body is charged because of transfer of current was continued for a set time and
electrons. then shut off. It was observed that the
positive stimulation increased the neuronal
13. ASSERTION (A): excitability of the area being stimulated
A plane mirror has unity magnification. whereas negative stimulation decreased
REASON (R): the neutronal excitability.
Sample Question Papers 19

how much current do you think was

used in this study.
a. ≃ 10 mA
b. ≃ 12 mA
c. ≃ 9 mA
d. < 4 mA
Care is taken that over stimulation is not
5. Current density of 150A/m can cause
done. Similar study was carried on rats and
a. Brain lesion in human beings
found that a current density of 142.9 A/m
b. Brain lesion in rats
delivering a charge density of 52400 c/m
c. Both (a) and (b)
caused brain lesion in the rats.
d. None of these
Using the above information and concepts
16. SILICON WATER POROCESSING
of electric current, answer the following
A study was made for a large scale project
questions:
for a semi-conductor manufacturer for a
1. How is the electric circuit completed in
new line of micro-motion manufacturing
this case?
systems. An X/Y linear stage along with an
a. Human body is semi-conductor
angular axis is used to position silicon wafers
b. Human body is a conductor
for processing. A sophisticated camera i.e.
c. Human body is an insulator
digital visionary camera is used to obtain
d. None of these
wafer position information allowing
2. What is the relation between current
compensation for the slight variations in the
density and charge density?
placement for the tooling, which is
a. No relation
important for high accuracy processing.
b. Charge density is current density per
The technology consisted of 8 axis motion
unit time
control card, linear motors, vision inspection
c. Current density is charge density per
cameras, human-machine interface. This
unit time
improves process efficiency with a 5 Micron
d. None of these
tolerance and reduces time of production
3. What is/are the effect of stimulation?
with increased speed.
a. Negative stimulation increases the
Using the above information and the
excitability of neurons
understanding of the concepts studied by
b. Positive stimulations decrease the
you in the case of semiconductor devices,
excitability
answer the following:
c. Positive stimulations increase the
1. The most abundant element in nature is
excitability
a. silicon
d. None of these
b. carbon
4. A current of about 17 mA can cause
c. germanium
respiratory arrest and death is possible,
d. hydrogen
20 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

2. The processing of silicon wafer here placed 1.5 m away. The distance between
means the central fringe and the fourth fringe is 1
cm. Determine the wavelength of light
a. making plate of silicon used in the experiment.
b. doping of multi-crystal silicon 19. Calculate capacitance of capacitor C in
figure. If equivalent capacitance of
c. making wafer of silicon
combination between A and B is 15 .
d. growth of single slice with dopants
3. Silicon is available in
a. common beach sand
b. quartz
c. flint
d. all of these
4. To grow a wafer, the silicon is to be
heated up to OR

a. 100 ℃ How many positive and negative charges

b. 500 ℃ are there in a cup of water?
c. 1400 ℃ 20. The diagram shows a piece of pure semi-
d. 1900 ℃ conductor, S in series with a variable resistor
5. Silicon is used to manufacture ICs R, and a source of constant voltage V.
because would you increase or decrease the value
a. it is mechanically strong of R to keep the reading of ammeter (A)
b. it is easily available constant, when semi-conductor S is
c. it is very cheap heated? Give reason.
d. it has desirable properties

SECTION C
All questions are compulsory. In case of
internal choices attempt any one.
17. To increase the current sensitivity of a
moving coil galvanometer by 50%, its
resistance is increased so that the new
resistance becomes twice of the initial 21. A bar magnet falls from height ℎ through a
resistance. By what factor does its voltage metal ring. Will its acceleration be equal to
sensitivity change? g? Give reason for your answer.
18. What is meant by ‘interference of light’? 22. A jar of height ℎ is filled with a transparent
Write any two conditions necessary for
obtaining well-defined and sustained liquid of refractive index μ, (see figure). At
interference. the centre of the jar on the bottom surface
OR
is a dot. Find the minimum diameter of a
In a two slit experiment, the slits are
separated by 0.03 cm and the screen is disc, such that when placed on the top
 Sample Question Papers 21

surface symmetrically about the centre, the carrying power is 15 ohm . The town gets
dot is invisible. power through a 4400 − 220V step down
transformer at a substation in the town,
a. Calculate the line power loss in the form
of heat.
b. How much power must the plant
supply, assuming there is negligible
power loss due to leakage?
c. Calculate the voltage drop in the line.
27. Calculate the resistance between A and B
of the given network.

23. Define the term potential barrier and

depletion region for a p − n junction diode.
State how the thickness of depletion region
and potential barrier will change when the
p − n Junction diode is
i. Forward biased
ii. Reverse biased OR
24. How can galvanometer be converted to a. A steady current flows in a metallic
i. An ammeter conductor of non-uniform cross-section.
ii. Voltmeter? Which of these quantities is constant
OR along the conductor: current, current
Derive an expression for magnetic field due density, electric field, drift speed?
to a toroid. b. Is Ohm’s law universally applicable for
25. The radius of curvature of each surface of a all conducting elements? If not, give
convex lens of refractive index 1.5 to 40 cm. examples of elements which do not
Calculate its power. obey Ohm’s law.

SECTION D c. A low voltage supply from which one

needs high currents must have very low
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal resistance. Why?
internal choices, attempt any one d. A high tension (HT) supply of, say, 6 kV
must have a very large internal
26. A small town with a demand of 880kW of
resistance. Why?
electric power of 200 V is situated 15 km 28. The work function of caesium metal is
away from an elecltric plant generating 2.14 eV. When light of frequency 6 × 10 Hz
is incident on the metal surface,
power at 440V. The resistance of the cable
22 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

photoemission of electrons occurs. What is that this nuclide is consumed by the fission
the process.
a. maximum kinetic energy of the emitted
electrons,
SECTION E
b. stopping, potential, and ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSARY. ATTEMPT
c. maximum speed of the emitted photo- ANY ONE OF INTERNAL CHOICE.
electrons? 31.
OR a. Define capacitance. Give its unit. Two
a. Calculate the photon energy in capacitors of equal capacitance when
electron volt for radiation of connected in series have net
wavelength 1 m. capacitance and when connected
b. The given graphs show the variation of
in parallel have net capacitance .
the stopping V with the frequency (v)
What is the value of C /C ?
of the incident radiations for two
b. A parallel plate capacitor with air
different photosensitive materials
between the plates has a capacitance
and
of 8pF (1 pF = 10 F. ) What will be the
i. What are the values of work
functions for M and M ? capacitance if the distance between

ii. The values of the stopping the plates is reduced by half, and the

potential for M and M for a space between them is filled with a

frequency v (> v ) of the substance of dielectric constant 6?
incident radiations are V and V OR
respectively. Show that the a. Show mathematically that electric field
slope of the lines equals intensity due to a short dipole at a
distance along its axis is twice the
intensity at the same distance along
the equatorial axis.
b.
i. An electric dipole is held in a
uniform electric field. What
happens to dipole, when
released in uniform electric

29. Prove that the radius of the ℎ Bohr orbit of field?

an atom is directly proportional to n , ii. The dipole is aligned parallel to

where is the principal quantum number. the field. Calculate the work

30. A 1000 fission reactor consumes half of done in rotating it through 180 .

its fuel in 5.00 . How much U did it 32. Explain with the help of a labeled diagram,

contain initially? Assume that all the energy the principle, construction and working of

generated arises from the fission of U and an . . generator.

Sample Question Papers 23

Describe briefly, with the help of a labeled

diagram, the basic elements of an . .
generator. State its underlying principle.
Show diagrammatically how an alternating
emf is generated by a loop of wire rotating
in a magnetic field. Write the expression for
the instantaneous value of the in the
rotating loop.
OR
What is a choke coil? Why is it preferred If the frequency of e. m. f. be increased,
over resistance in a. c. circuits (say then what will be the effect on the currents
flowing in them? Explain with reason.
regulating speed of a fan)?
33. .
In figure (a), (b) and (c) are shown three
i. Draw a labeled ray diagram to
. . circuits with equal currents. show image formation by a
terrestrial telescope. Write
expression for its magnifying power.
ii. In a compound microscope, the
focal lengths of the objective and
eye-piece are 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm
respectively.
The tube length of the microscope is
20 cm. calculate the magnification.
iii. Why must both the objective and
the eye-piece of a compound
microscope have short focal
lengths?
OR
a. A plane wave front approaches a
plane surface separating two media. If
medium one is (optically) denser and
medium two is (optically) rarer,
construct the refracted wave front
using Huygen’s principle. Hence prove
Snell’s law.
b. Draw the shape of the refracted wave
front when a plane wave front is
incident on
i. Prism and
ii. Convex mirror
Give a brief explanation for the
construction.
24 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

HINTS & SOLUTIONS 9. We know, n n = n

( )
SECTION A ∴n = =
1. It is possible when the proton moves
parallel or anti-parallel to the direction of = 10 /m
magnetic field. 10. It is the energy gap which decides the type
2. Microwaves
of element for energy gap is 1.1 eV and
OR
Radio-waves, microwaves, ultraviolet rays for Ge it is 0.7 eV. The energy gap for is
and X-rays. 0 eV, for is 5.4 eV.
3. B = B cos 60 =
11. (d)
i.e., B = 2B = 2B
For equator, B = B cos 0 = B = 2B In series, C =

i.e., B = 2B In parallel, C = 2C
4. Quality factor with respect to resonance of
∴ = =4
series LCR circuit is defined as the ratio of
potential difference across inductor L or
capacitor C to the supplied voltage i.e., 12. (d):
(ω L) 1 Electrons are transferred from a positively
Q= =
R (ω C)R
charged object, so mass of this object
OR
should slightly decreases.
i. Decreases
ii. Increases 13. (a)
5. Here, Bohr’s quantization condition is Image formed by plane mirror is of the
nh 2h h same size as that of the size of the object,
mvr == =
2π 2π π
6. No change so m = 1 . Also, distance of image from

7. Difference in energies cannot appear in plane mirror = distance of object from the
other forms because electrons interact mirror.
electromagnetically only.
OR 14. (b)

Balmer series lies in the visible region.

8. About 1 eV
OR

The reflected ray from the convex

surface and reflected ray from the glass
are coherent rays. They interfere out of
phase and hence central Fringe is dark.
 Sample Question Papers 25

SECTION B .
∴ New voltage sensitivity = = 0.75
×
15.
times of original voltage sensitivity.
1. (b) Human body is a conductor, so
18. Interference is the phenomenon of
circuit is completed as shown in the
redistribution of light energy due to
figure.
superposition of light waves from two
()
2. (c) Current density, J =
( ) coherent sources. The conditions for well
( ) defined and sustained interference is:
= and charge density,
( )×
i. Two coherent sources of light should
( )
=
( ) be close to each other i.e.
Clearly, current density is charge separation between two coherent
density per unit time. sources of light should be small.
3. (c) ii. Distance of screen from the
Positive stimulations increase the coherent sources of light should not
excitability of neurons whereas be small.
negative stimulations decrease it. OR
4. (d) Fringe difference =
5. (b)
16. ×( . × )
Or λ = =
× .
1. (a)
= 5 × 10 m
2. (d)
19. The equivalent circuit is shown in the figure
3. (d)
4. (c) ≃ 1420℃
5. (d)
SECTION C

17. Voltage sensitivity =

nBA
Current sensitivity =
k

New voltage sensitivity = -

×
[∵ Resistance is given to be increased to 2
which is possible when or or both and
change]

New Current sensitivity =

×
Now, = 15 μF(given)
But new current sensitivity = 1.5 times of
⇒ C × 20 = 15C + 20 × 15
earlier current sensitivity. i.e. 5C = 300 i. e.
n ' BA ' nBA C = 60μF
  1.5
k k
Or n’A’ = 1.5 nA
26 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

OR 23. Potential Barrier: is the potential difference

In a molecule, there are 10 protons developed across the junction due to cross
and 10 electrons. (One in each atom of over of the charge carriers. It decreases
hydrogen and 8 in oxygen atom with forward bias and increases with
i.e. 2 × 1 + 8 = 10) reverse bias.
We know that 6.02 × 10 molecules i.e., A thin region due to recombination of
one mole of water has molecular mass of electron and holes around the PN junction
18 . is known as Depletion region or layer.
∴ Number of molecules in 250 g of water Thickness or depletion layer increases with

= 6.023 × 10 × increase in reverse bias, till breakdown

occurs.
∴ Total number of electrons or protons
250
Thickness of depletion layer decreases with
23
= 6.023 × 10 × × 10
18 decrease in forward bias.
Total positive charge = 10 × 1.6 × 10 C 24. A galvanometer can be converted into
20. A semiconductor has negative ammeter by connecting a low resistance
called shunt parallel to the coil of the
temperature coefficient of resistance so on galvanometer.
heating the resistance of the A galvanometer can be converted into

semiconductor will decrease. To keep voltmeter by connecting a large resistance

reading of ammeter constant R has to be in series with coil of the galvanometer.

increased otherwise with decrease in circuit OR

resistance current will tend to increase. As ∮ B. dl = μ I

21. ⇒ ∮ B. dl cos θ = μ0 I
a. No. Current induced in the ring offers Magnetic field B acts as tangent to i.e.
retarding force to the falling magnet θ=0
thus reducing its acceleration. ∴ ∮ Bdl = μ I
b. Direction of induced is obtained
Or B. 2πr = μ I
from Lenz’ law which states that the
Or B =
direction of induced is such that it
opposes the cause producing it.
22. Let diameter of the disc be and the
incident rays from the dot O to the surface
be at critical angle.

Here sin i =

And tan i =

i.e. = h tan i = h [μ − 1] / For N number of turns, B =

i.e. a = 2h[μ − 1] / 25. Using, = (μ − I) −

 Sample Question Papers 27

Here, R = 40 cm, R = −40 cm 11 i − 8i − 5i = 0……………… (v)

∴ = (1.5 − 1) −( From equation (ii) and (v),

)
. × 4i + 58i = 0…………………. (vi)
= =
Or i = − i …………………… (vii)
Or f = 40 cm
Putting the above in equation (i)
Power, P = = 2.5 dioptre.
−3i + i + i = 0.,……………… (viii)
SECTION D
Or i = i …………… (ix)
26. Power, P = VI cos ∅
Let cos ∅ = 1 From equation (iv), (vii) and (ix),
182
Then, P = VI E= i
67
Or I = ∴ Net resistance between A and B

Here, P = demand =880kW = 8,80,000W = = Ω

and V = 4400 V
OR
, ,
∴I= = 200A a. Current, as it given to be steady

a. Power loss = I R = 200 × 15 The other quantities depend inversely

upon area of cross-section.
= 600,000 W = 600 kW
b. No. The non-Ohmic devices are
b. Plant supply = 8,80,000 + 6,00,000
vacuum tubes, semi-conductor diodes,
= 14,00,000 = 1400
transistors, thermistors, Thyristors etc.
c. Voltage drop on line
c. Maximum current drawn
= IR = 200 × 15 = 3000 V e.m.f.
=
internal resistance
= Er
27. Equivalent circuit is as shown in figure.
Applying Kirchhoff’s loop law to Clearly, low will ensure high current.

i. Loop ACDA d. If internal resistance is not large, then

−i (2) − i (10) + (i − i )(1) = 0 the heavy current drawn during

accidental short circuit, can damage
Or −3i − 10i + i = 0……………….(i)
the supply.
ii. Loop
28. Here W = 2.14eV = 2.14 × 1.6 × 10 J
− i − i 4 + i − i + i 4 + i (10) = 0
−19
i.e. −8i + 18 i + 4i = 0…………(ii) = 3.424 × 10 J
v = 6 × 10 Hz
iii. Loop
Also h = 6.626 × 10 Js
−(i − i )(1) − i − i + i (4) + E + 0
a. Maximum kinetic energy of
5i − 4i − 5i + E = 0………(iii)
photoelectrons is
iv. Loop
K. E. = hv − W
−i (2) − i − i 4 + E = 0
= 6.626 × 10 6 × 10 − 3.424 × 10
−6i + 4i + E = 0……….(iv)
= (3.976 − 3.424) × 10
From equation (iii) and (iv),
28 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

= 0.55 × 10 J
. ×
= eV = 0.34 eV
. ×

b. Stopping potential is given by

Kinetic energy 0.55 × 10
V = = V
e 1.6 × 10
= 0.34

c. mv = 0.55 × 10

. × ×
⇒v =
Coulomb’s force of attraction between the
. × ×
= nucleus and the electron is given by,
. ×

= 3.47 × 10 m s = 347 km s ×
F= = …(i)
∈ ∈
OR
. × ( × )
This force provides the necessary
a. Energy, E = = ( . × )
centripetal force = to the electron to
−6
= 1.24 × 10 eV move in a circular orbit.
b. Work function for M is hv , where ℎ is
Planck’s constant and for M , it is hv .
∴ =
∈

From graphs, Slope = tan θ = Or mv = = …(ii)

∈

Where, k = = 9 × 10 Nm C
∈

According to Bohr’s Postulate of

quantization of Angular Momentum
nh
mvr =
2π
nh
∴v= …(iii)
2πmr
Radius of orbit
Substituting equation (iii) in equation (ii), we
get,

nh ke
m =
2πmr r
29. Bohr’s theory of Hydrogen Atom.
Or =
Consider a hydrogen atom in which an
electron revolves around the nucleus in Or = ke
circular orbit of radius r.
∴r= …(iv)

Since = constant
 Sample Question Papers 29

∴ r ∝ n2 Let two capacitors of capacitance C

Thus, radius of an orbit is directly each be connected in series, then net
proportional to the square of the principal capacitance is given by
quantum number of orbit. C =
×
= = ………(i)
Since = 1,2,3, … … .. is an integer, hence the
Again the same capacitors are
ratio of the radii of the orbits of hydrogen
connected in parallel, then net
atom is 1: 4: 9: 16………
capacitance is given by,
30. Power, P = 1000 MW
C = C + C = 2C………………..(ii)
= 1000 × 10 W = 10 W
Also, time t = 5.00 year From (i) and (ii), = =
.
= 5 × 365 × 24 × 60 × 60 seconds 0 r A
= 1.577 × 10 s b. Using C’ = , we get,
d
∴ Energy consumed =Pt
= 10 × 1.577 × 10
C’ = r C  12 (8  10 12)
= 1.577 × 10 J = 96 × 10 F = 96pF
We know energy generated per fission of OR
U = 200MeV a. Electric field at a point on the axial line
= 200 × 1.6 × 10 J is,
= 3.2 × 10 J E = …(i)
∈ ( )
∴ Number of total fissions occurred in five
Electric field at a point on the
years
equatorial line is,
1.577×1017
= = 4.93 × 1027
3.2×10−11 E = …(ii)
Now, 6.023 × 10 atoms (fissions) are ∈ ( ) /
produced by 235 of For a short dipole is negligible as
∴ Mass of consumed in five years compared to
235 ∴ Equation (i) and (ii) reduce to
= × 4.93 × 1027 g
6.023×1023
= 1923543 ≈ 1924 kg
E = …(iii)
∈
∴Initial mass of U = 2 × 1924 = 3848 kg And E = …(iv)
∈
SECTION E
Comparing (iii) and (iv), we get
31.
E = 2 E (Proved)
a. Capacitance is defined as the ratio of b.
the electric charge to the electric i. When a dipole is released in
potential due to this charge. uniform electric field, It shall
align in the direction of the
electric field.
ii. Work done in rotating a dipole is
given by, W = pE(cos θ − cos θ )
Here, θ = 0
And θ = 180
W  pE(cos0 )  cos180 )
 pE(1  ( 1)]
= 2pE
32.
a. . . generator is commonly known as
an alternator.
i. Principle.
As per Faraday’s law of
In S.I., unit of capacitance is Farad i.e. F. electromagnetic induction
when a coil is rotated in uniform
30 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

magnetic field an induced Induced . . . due to rotation of a coil

. . . is produced in it. in magnetic field (alternator)
ii. Construction: Angular velocity of coil is given by the
expression
It consists of large number of θ
turns of conducting wire wound ω=
t
on iron core. This arrangement is i.e., θ = ω t
known as armature (A). −
are strong field magnets. B and
S are the Brush and slip ring
arrangement.
iii. Working:
When coil rotates in magnetic
field, flux linking with it changes
as per its position in the field. Let
be the angle which ‘normal to
plane of coil’ makes with
Component of magnetic field B normal
magnetic field B. Rotation of coil to the plane of coil is cos and
causes induced e. m. f. in the coil magnetic flux linked with single turn of
given by. coil of area A is (B cos θ)A. For n turns,
e = e sin θ
the magnetic flux is
If θ = 0 i.e. plane of the coil is normal to ∅ = (n B cos θ) A = n BA cos θ
field then e = 0 and = n BA cos ωt
When θ = 90 i.e., plane of the coil is From Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
along the field then e = e induction, induced instantaneous
When θ = 180 i.e. plane of the coil is . . . is given by,
normal to field then e = 0 d∅ d
e=− = − n BA cos ωt
When θ = 270 i.e. plane of the coil is dt dt
anti-parallel to field then e = −e =− (− )
When θ = 360 i.e. plane of the coil is ⇒ e = n BA ω sin ωt = e sin ωt
normal to the field then e = 0 Where e = n BA ω
Plotting the above, gives and . . OR
A choke is an inductor having an iron core.
wave. There is no power loss in an inductor. A
choke is used to drop . . voltage. A
Slip ring and brush arrangement makes
resistance can also drop voltage but it also
it possible to supply induced . . . to
gives power loss resulting into heat
the load without twisting of the
dissipation. A choke is therefore preferred
connecting leads.
over a resistor.
In figure (a) Current I = since resistance
R does not depend upon frequency so
there is no effect on current.
In figure (b) Current I = =
increased frequency means increased
inductive reactance X , so current will
reduce in this case.
In figure (C) current I = =
= E(2π v C)
Increased frequency means increased
current because the capacitive reactance
reduces with increase in frequency.
 Sample Question Papers 31

33. i.e., μ =
i. Terrestrial telescope is used to see
the objects on the earth, so the
b.
image produced should be erect.

It consists of three converging lenses

namely objective, eye-piece and
field lens. The rays of light from a
distant object fall on the objective
lens which makes a real and
inverted image AB. The field lens is
placed between the objective and
eye-piece. The field lens makes a
real and erect image A’B’which is
at the focal plane of the eye-piece.
The eye-piece makes the final
image which is virtual, erect and
magnified and lies at infinity as
shown in figure.
The magnifying power or angular
magnification of terrestrial
telescope is given by M. P. = −

Where, and are the focal Explanation for the construction.

lengths of the objective and eye- Time taken by any disturbance to
piece respectively. travel from incident wave front to
In this case, length of telescope, the refracted wave-front is same.
L = f + 4f + f
ii. Using m = + 1 , we get
20 25
m= + 1 = 270
1 2
iii. Both objective and eye piece of a
compound microscope should
have short focal lengths to have
large magnification.
∴m∝
OR
a. Construction

Here sin r =

And sin i =

∴ =
32 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Sample Question Paper - 3

Maximum Marks 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of 1 mark
each. Section B has two case study based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine short
answer questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each
and Section E contains three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.

SECTION A
ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSARY. IN CASE 4. A rod of length , along East-West direction is

OF INTERNAL CHOICES, ATTEMPT ANY ONE dropped from a height H . If B be the

OF THEM magnetic field due to earth at that place

1. Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic and angle of dip is θ , then what is the

field at a place is √3 times the vertical magnitude of induced across two ends

component. What is the value of angle of of the rod when the rod reaches the earth?

dip at this place? OR

2. Write the frequency limit of visible range of What is the phase difference between the

. . spectrum in kHz. voltage across an inductor and a capacitor

OR in an . . circuit?

Which part of the e. m. spectrum has the 5. Name the metal of the foil used in

largest penetrating power? Rutherford’s experiment.

3. The electric current flowing in a wire in 6. The frequency (v) of incident radiation is

direction B to A is decreasing. Find the greater than threshold frequency (v ) in a

direction of induced current in metallic loop photocell. How will the stopping potential

kept above the wire. vary if frequency v is increased, keeping

other factors constant?
7. The wavelengths of some of the spectral
lines obtained in hydrogen spectrum are
9546A , 6463A and 1216 A . Which one of
these wavelengths belong to Lyman series?
OR
What is charge number?
 Sample Question Papers 33

8. How does the energy gap in an intrinsic

semiconductor vary, when doped with a
pentavalent impurity?
OR
What is the depletion region in a p −
n Junction?
9. For the same value of angle of incidence,
the angles of refraction in three media A, B
and C are 15 , 25 and 35 respectively. In REASON (R):
which medium would the velocity of light be Due to increase in circuit resistance, current
minimum? through lamp increases.
10. Refractive index of glass for light of yellow, 13. ASSERTION (A):
green and red colours are , and If conducting medium is placed between
respectively. Rearrange these symbols in two charges, then electrostatic force
decreasing order of values. becomes zero.
For question numbers , , and , two REASON (r):
statements are given-one labeled assertion Relative permittivity of conductor is 
(A) and the other labeled reason (R). Select 14. ASSERTION (A):
the correct answer to these questions from A lens having three types of refractive
the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given materials of refractive indices n , n and n
below: forms three images.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false and R is also false.
11. Assertion (A):
REASON (R):
If a wire is stretched to increase its length
The refractive ray in denser medium goes
times, then its resistance also increases by
away from the incident ray in the rarer
times.
medium.
REASON (R):
SECTION B
Resistance of a conductor directly depends
Questions 15 and 16 are case study based
upon the length of the conductor.
questions and are compulsory. Attempt any
12. ASSERTION (A):
4 sub parts from each question. Each
In the given circuit if lamp fuses then light
question carries 1 mark.
emitted by increases.
34 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

15. GERM-FIGHTING ELECTROSTATIC SYSTEM 2. The grounded object get positive

Out breaks of illness like cold, lu, diarrhoea charge on account of spray of
etc. due to bacteria and viruses is now a negatively charged solution on the
worldwide problem. Viruses and bacteria surface of the object are repelled to go
can survive on surfaces for even months so it deeper because
is a big job to disinfect them. A study was a. the free electrons on the surface of
made to use an electrostatic delivery the object are repelled to go
system to quickly and easily provide superior deeper.
coverage of trusted disinfecting and b. the free electrons of the object are
sanitizing solutions. The principle used is emitted
based on charging and atomising the c. of secondary emission.
solution which is sprayed powerfully on the d. none of these
suspected surfaces. The charged particles 3. There is a possibility of formation of
are attracted to surfaces with a force much charged hollow conductor like surface
stronger than gravity. This ensures uniform due to
coating of sanitizing solution including areas a. accumulation of charge of the
where conventional sprays may miss. For object
fighting germs almost no surface part goes b. combining of sprayed charged
untreated. Spray is charged by a high droplets
voltage supercharger. Suppose droplets are c. both (a) and (b)
negatively charged which get attracted by d. none of these
grounded objects creating a relative 4. The electrostatic sprayer makes the
positive charge on the surface to attract disinfectant
droplets. A charged droplet close to a a. quickly detached from the entire
grounded target is pulled faster than an surface
uncharged droplet. b. wrap around the entire surface
Using this information and concepts of c. cling to the entire surface
electrostatic, answer the following questions: d. both (b) and (c)
1. The electrostatic force is stronger than 5. A charged droplet close to a grounded
gravitational force. The electric force target is
between an electron and proton is a. not pulled
roughly stronger than gravitational force b. pulled slower than an uncharged
by droplet
a. 10 times c. may be (a) and (b)
b. 10 times d. pulled faster than an uncharged
c. 10 times particle
d. 10 times
 Sample Question Papers 35

16. Manufacturing of Optical Lenses 3. BaF can be used for

A study is made to in the suitably of Barium a. UV waves only
Fluoride (BaF ) as a material for b. IR waves only
manufacturing optical lenses. Raw data is c. both UV and IR waves
obtained and graph is plotted accordingly d. none of these
between percent transmission and 4. While handling optical materials we
wavelength. The same is reproduced below: should use gloves, especially in the case
of because it is
a. very costly
b. hazardous
c. fatal
d. not to be contaminated
5. BaF lens will be invisible in a liquid if
refractive index of the liquid as
compared to that of BaF lens is
a. lesser
b. greater
BaF is having index of refraction as 1.468 at c. same
1.064 nm. It has properties similar to those of d. cannot be invisible
calcium fluoride but it is more resistant to
high energy radiation. It is less resistant to SECTION C
damage due to water. It degrades in humid ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSARY. IN CASE
conditions at 500℃. OF INTERNAL CHOICES ATTEMPT ANY ONE.
Using the above para and concepts of 17. The coil of a galvanometer has a resistance
optics, answer the following questions: of 100Ω. It gives full scale deflection for a
1. BaF has index of refraction as 1.468 at current of 5 × 10 A. How will you convert it
1.064 nm, here 1.064 is into a voltmeter to read a maximum
a. thickness of BaF used potential difference of 5V?
b. wavelength of light used 18. Draw the curve depicting variation of
c. thickness of coating on glass intensity in the interference pattern in
d. none of these Young’s double slit experiment. State
2. With the increase in wavelength from conditions for obtaining sustained
1 × 10 m to 1.5 m refractive index of interference pattern of light.
BaF . OR
a. remains same throughout In a single slit diffraction experiment, if the
b. decreases width of the slit is doubled, how does the
c. increases i. Intensity of light and
d. may increase or decrease
36 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

ii. Width of the central Maximum 2 . Calculate the fringe width if entire
change apparatus is immersed in a liquid medium of
Give reason for your answer. refractive index 1.33.
19. The equivalent capacitance of the 23. Show that the angular width of the first
combination between A and B in the given diffraction fringe is half that of the central
figure is 15 μF. Calculate the capacitance of Fringe. Explain why the maxima at θ =
capacitor C. n+ become weaker and weaker with

increasing n.
24. A galvanometer with a coil of resistance
12 Ω shows a full scale deflection for a
current of 2.5 . Calculate the value of the
OR resistance required to convert it into an
What is the force between two small ammeter of range 0 to 7.5 A.
charged spheres having charges of OR
2 × 10 C and 3 × 10 C placed 30 cm apart A thick straight copper wire, carrying a
in air? current of 10 A is bent into a semi-circle arc
20. Pure Si at 300K has equal electron and of radius 7 cm as shown in figure (a). State
hole concentration of 1.5 × 10 /m . the direction and calculate the magnitude
Doping by indium increases to 4.5 × of magnetic field at the Centre of arc. How
10 /m . Calculate n in doped silicon. would your answer change if same wire
21. A bar magnet falling under gravity through were bent into a semicircle of same radius
an air cored coil C. plot a graph between e but in opposite way as shown in figure (b)?
and t. What does the area enclosed by the
curve depict?

25. In young’s experiment, the width of fringes

obtained with light of wavelength 6000A is
2mm . Calculate the fringe width if entire
22. In Young’s experiment, the width of fringes apparatus is immersed in a liquid medium of
obtained with light of wavelength 6000A is refractive index 1.33.
 Sample Question Papers 37

SECTION D
All questions are compulsory. In case of
internal choices, attempt any one
26. .
a. Derive an expression for induced e. m. f.
produced by changing the area of a
rectangular coil placed perpendicular
to the magnetic field.
b. A heating element using nichrome
b. The figure shows a LCR series circuit
connected to a 230 V supply draws an
with L = 5H , C = 80 μF , R = 40 Ω
initial current of 3.2 A which settles after a
connected to a variable frequency
few seconds at a steady state value of
240 V source. Calculate
2.8 . What is the steady temperature of
the heating element if the room
temperature is 27℃ ? Temperature
coefficient of resistance of nichrome
averaged over the temperature range
involved is 1.7 × 10 ℃ .
28. .
i. the angular frequency of the a. Explain the Rutherford’s experiment on
source which drives the circuit at the scattering of alpha particles and
resonance. state the significance of the result.
ii. the current at resonating b. In a Geiger Marsden experiment what is
frequency. the distance of closest approach to the
iii. the rms potential drop across nucleus of a 7.7 MeV α − particle before it
capacitor at resonance comes momentarily to rest and reverse
27. Obtain a relation between drift velocity and its direction?
electric current or current density. OR
OR a. Write the basic features of photon
a. V − I graph for a metallic wire at two picture of electromagnetic radiation on
different temperatures T and T is shown which Einstein’s Photoelectric equation is
in the figure. Which of the two based.
temperatures is higher and why? b. Every metal has a definite work function.
Why do all photoelectrons not come out
with the same energy if incident
radiation is monochromatic?
38 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Why is there an energy distribution of A parallel plate capacitor with air as

photoelectrons? dielectric is connected to a power supply
29. and charged to a potential difference .
a. In the study of Geiger-Marsden After disconnecting from power supply, a
experiment on scattering of −particles sheet of insulting material is inserted
by a thin foil of gold, draw the trajectory between the plates completely filling the
of α −particles in the coulomb field of space between them. How will its
target nucleus. Explain briefly how one (i) capacity (ii) electric field (iii) energy
gets the information on the size of the change? Given capacitance with air as
nucleus from this study. and permittivity for air as ∈ and for
b. Write two important limitations of medium ∈.
Rutherford nuclear model of the atom. 32. Explain with the help of a labeled diagram,
30. Calculate the height of Coulomb barrier for the principle and working of a transformer.
the head-on collision of two deuterons. The Deduce the expression for the secondary to
effective radius of deuteron can be taken primary voltage in terms of the number of
to be 2.0 fm. turns in the two coils. In an ideal transformer,
how is this ratio related to the currents in the
SECTION E two coils? How is the transformer used in
ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSARY. ATTEMPT large scale transmission and distribution of
ANY ONE OF INTERNAL CHOICE. electrical energy over long distances?
31. OR
a. At a point due to point charge, the a. Show that in an a. c. circuit containing a
values of electric field intensity and pure inductor, the voltage is ahead of
potential are 32 N/C and 16 J/C current by in phase.
respectively. Calculate
b. A horizontal straight wire of length L,
i. magnitude of charge and
extending from east to west is falling with
ii. distance of charge from point of
speed v at right angles to the horizontal
observation.
component of earth’s magnetic field B.
b. Two tiny spheres carrying charges 1.5 μC
i. Write the expression for the
and 2.5 μC are located 30 cm apart. Find
instantaneous value of the e. m. f.
the potential and electric field: at a
induced in the wire.
point 10 cm from this mid-point in a
ii. What is the direction of the e. m. f. ?
plane normal to the line and passing
iii. Which end of the wire is at the
through the mid-point.
higher potential?
OR
33.
Draw electric field lines between the plates
a. State the conditions for total internal
of a parallel plate capacitor with (i) air (ii)
reflection to occur.
dielectric as the medium.
 Sample Question Papers 39

b. A right angled prism of refractive index

has a plate of refractive index so that
n < n, cemented to its diagonal face.
The assembly is in air. A ray is incident on
AB.
i. Calculate the angle of incidence at
AB for which the ray strikes the
diagonal face at the critical angle,
4. Using, ε = Blv
ii. Assuming n = 1.352, calculate the
Where B = (B cos θ) and
angle of incidence at AB for which
v = (2 gH) We get,
the refracted ray passes through the
diagonal face un-deviated. ε = B cos θ × l × (2 gH)
OR OR
a. Using Huygen’s construction of 180 i.e. radians.
secondary wavelets explain how a 5. Gold
diffraction pattern is obtained on a 6. Stopping potential becomes directly
screen due to a narrow slit on which a proportional to frequency v when v > v .
monochromatic beam of light is incident 7. Wavelength 1216 belongs to the Lyman
normally. series.
b. Show that the angular width of the first OR
diffraction fringe is half that of the Atomic number.
central fringe. 8. The energy gap will be reduced.
c. Explain why the maxima at = + OR

becomes weaker and weaker with A thin region due to recombination of

increasing n. electron and holes around the PN junction is

known as depletion region or Layer.
HINTS & SOLUTIONS 9. μ = sin i/sin r = c/v, velocity of light is least
in medium ‘A’.
SECTION A
10. μ , μ and μ
1. Using tan δ = we get, =
√ √ Refractive index is maximum for least
Or d = 30
2. ≈ 4 × 10 Hz to 7.7 × 10 Hz wavelength i.e. blue. Similarly is
OR minimum for maximum wavelength i.e. red.
γ − rays
3. 11. (d)
Explanation:
Resistance of the wire becomes times
and not x times.
12. (a)
40 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Explanation: 5. (d)
Fusing of lamp increases the resistance of 16. .
the circuit which reduces the current 1. (b),
through lamp L but the same current flows 2. (b),
through lamp L also. This results into more 3. (c) 200 to 11 ,
voltage across lamp L . 4. (b)
5. (c)

13. (a):
Explanation: SECTION : C
Coulomb’s force, F ∝ 17. Using, R = − G, we get
Dielectric constant of a conductor is 
5
R= − 100 = 9900
5 × 10
So F ∝ i.e., it becomes zero. 18. Conditions for sustained interference pattern
∞
i. The sources must be coherent.
14. (c)
ii. Two sources should emit light waves
Explanation:
continuously.
Assertion is correct but reason is false. The
iii. Amplitude of two waves of light
refracted ray in denser medium goes
should be equal.
towards the incident ray.
iv. Sources of light should be very small.
v. Main source of light be
SECTION B
monochromatic.
15.
1. (b)
2. (a) Explanation:
When negatively charged atomized
solution is sprayed on a surface, the
electrons available near the surface are
repelled to go deeper in the surface
thereby rendering the top of the surface
positively charged.
3. (b) Explanation:
The cloud of sprayed charged droplets
may combine to act as a closed OR
charged hollow surface thereby i. Intensity of light is directly depending
rendering the inside droplets charge upon the fringe width. Intensity of
free. light of central maximum will change
4. (b) accordingly.
 Sample Question Papers 41

ii. Width of central maximum, β = . 22. Fringe width, β= = 2 × 10 m Fringe

When is increased to twice, the width when apparatus is dipped in water

width of central maximum is  ' D  D 2  10 3
    1.5 mm
decreased to half. d  d 1.33

19. Let the equivalent capacitance be C , then 23. Aa sin θ = λ

for series combination of capacitors.
θ=
C C
C = = 15
C +C
Angular width, 2θ = (Central fringe)
Here, C = 20 μF
Angular width, θ = (first diffraction fringe)
And C = C
Part of wave-front giving maxima becomes
∴ 15 =
smaller with increase in so it becomes
Or 15(20 + C) = 20C weaker and weaker.
Or 300 + 15C = 20C
Or 5C = 300 24. τ = NIAB sin θ = NI(πr )B sin θ
Or C = 60μF i.e. τ = 20 × 5 × × (10 × 10 ) × 0.10 ×
OR
Using, F = 9 × 10 × , we get, sin 90
9 × 10 × 0.2 × 10 × (0.3 × 10 ) = 3.14 × 10 N m
F=
0.3 × 0.3
OR
3
 6  10 N Magnetic field due to the semicircular
i.e., Coulomb’s force is 6 × 10 N repulsive portion of the loop is given by,
20. Using the expression, n n = n , we get 1 μ I 4π × 10 × 10
B= =
2 2a 4 × 7 × 10
n (1.5 × 10 )
n = = = 5 × 10 /m = 4.5 × 10 T
n (4.5 × 10 )
i. Direction of the field, given by right
21.
hand thumb rule is vertically outward
to the plane of the paper.
ii. In this case i.e. reversal to the arc,
only the direction of the magnetic
field will reverse. Now, it will act
vertically inward to the plane of the
paper.

25. Fringe width, β = = 2 × 10 m

Area under ε − t graph represents magnetic Fringe width when apparatus is dipped in
flux linkage ∅. water

 ' D  D 2  10 3
    1.5 mm
d  d 1.33

SECTION D
42 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

26. = rd s
×
a. From Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction, ii. I= = = 6A
∅ ∅
|e| = = (when number of turns,
iii. V = IX = IX
N = 1)………(i)
=6 × 2 × 3.14 × 5 = 188.4 V
27. Consider a conductor of length and
uniform cross-sectional area A. Let V be the
applied potential difference across the ends
of the conductor. The magnitude of electric
field set up across the conductor is given by,

Let n be the number of free electrons per

unit volume of the conductor.
Also, change in flux is given by the
Then, total number of free electrons in the
expression
conductor = n × volume of the conductor
d∅ = B dA cos ∅
= n × Al.
Where is the change in area of the
If e is the magnitude of charge on each
rectangular coil. Since coil is normal to
electron then the total charge in the
magnetic field,
conductor,
∴ d∅ = B dA (cos 90 = 1)
Q = (nAl)e…….(i)
But dA = dbl, where db is change in
The time taken by the charge to cross the
position of coil. Substituting in (i)
conductor length is given by
induced e. m. f.,
l
t=
|e| = = = B lv, Where v is the v

velocity with which coil moves out of Where v is the drift velocity of electrons.

magnetic field. According to the definition of electric

b. current

i. ω= = I= = =neA v
√∠ √ × × /
 Sample Question Papers 43

Or I = neA v ………………………..(ii) a. The set up of Rutherford’s experiment is

Or I ∝ v (as n, e and A are fixed) given in the figure

Again from equation (ii),

1
v =
neA
Or v =

i.e. J = nev J ∝ v
(∵ Current density J = I/A)

OR This experiment showed that:

a. T is higher temperature. Resistance of a i. number of the − particles were
metal given by R = increases with the found to pass through gold foil

increase in temperature. without much deflection.

ii. a number of −particles suffered
large deflections and
iii. a very small number of
−particles almost retraced their
path.
Results:
This showed that most part of the atom is
empty and the central core is positively
charged which scatters the α −particles.
Resistance given by lower curve i.e.,
b. Using, d = , we get for
is higher for the lower curve than for . .

upper curve therefore T is a higher Z=Z = 79

temperature. Z(9 × 10 )79(1.6 × 10 )
d=
b. Here R = = = 71.88 W 7.7 × 10 × 1.6 × 10
.
= 3 × 10 m = 30fm
and R = = = 82.14Ω OR
.

R = R [1 + α(T − T )] i. The beam is scattered in different

directions.
⇒T = +T
. .
=( )
+ 27 = 867℃
. × .

28.
44 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

quantum of energy ejected at the

speed of light. It has zero rest mass.
Photons are electrically neutral and their
energy depends upon the frequency of
the radiation. Quantum nature of light
explains the photoelectric effect. A
moving photon may cause a wave. A
wave has to be localized.

ii. As per Rutherford model, electrons

would ultimately fall into the nucleus
because the revolving electrons
continuously lose energy making its
radius smaller and smaller. Whereas,
the electrons revolve around the
nucleus without falling in it.
Rutherford’s atom model does not
explain this feature of the atom. A wave packet is formed by the
superposition of large number of waves
which interfere around the position of
photon to give resultant wave of large
amplitude.
b. Work function in fact is the energy
required to knock out the electron from
highest filled level of conduction band

As per Rutherford’s model, the of an emitter. In the conduction band,

electrons can revolve with any there are different energy levels which

radius. Accordingly they should emit collectively form a continuous band of

continuous spectrum. But in reality, levels. Therefore, different amounts of

atoms (like hydrogen) show line energy are required to bring the

spectrum. electrons out of the different levels.

29. Electrons once omitted have different

a. When radiation interacts with matter to kinetic energies according to the energy

cause emission, the radiation behaves supplied to the emitter.

as if it is made up of particles or packets 30. The initial mechanical energy E of the two

of energy called Photons. Photon is a deuterons before collision is given by

E = 2 K. E. (K. E. = Kinetic energy)
 Sample Question Papers 45

When the two deuterons stop, their energy is

totally potential energy U given by,
1 e. e 1 e
U= = .
4π ∈ 2R 4π ∈ 2R
∴ using law of conservation of energy,
1 e
2K. E. =
4π ∈ 2R

∴ K. E. =
∈
×
But R = 2 fm = 2 × 10 m = [(1.5 × 10 ) + (2.5 × 10 )]
.

e = 1.6 × 10 C = 2 × 10 V
1 (iii). Electric field,
= 9 × 10 Nm C
4π ∈
E= E + E + 2E E cos θ
× ×( . × )
∴ K. E. =
× × Here, θ = 2α
= 2.88 × 10 J Where tan α =
. ×
∴ Coulomb barrier = eV Or α = 56. 3
. ×

= 180000 eV = 180 eV And θ = 56.3 × 2 = 112. 6

P. E. = 2K. E. = 180 × 2 = 360 eV 1.5 × 10

E = 9 × 10 ×
0.182
SECTION E = 4.167 × 10 NC

31. . 2.5 × 10
E = 9 × 10 ×
0.182
a. (i) using, V = , we get,
∈ = 6.944 × 10 NC
1 1 Using (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
q = 4π ∈ rV = × × 16
9 × 10 2 ∴ E = 6.58 × 10 NC
= 0.89 × 10 C
For direction,
(ii) using, E = , we get E sin θ
tan β =
E + E cos θ
r= = = m and We get, tan β = 0.7143
Or β = 35. 7
b. (i) in this case, distance AQ becomes
Resultant electric field is inclined at an
√15 + 10 = √325cm i.e., 0.18m angle
(90 − α) + β
Now potential, i.e. (90 − 56.3) + 35.7 = 69. 4 with
1 q q OR
V=V +V = +
4πε 0.18 0.18 i. Capacity with air, C =∈ A/d
and capacity with medium,
C = ∈ A/d
∴ =
i.e., C = C
46 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

 Principle:
A transformer is based upon the
principle of mutual inductance i.e.,
whenever flux linking with secondary coil
changes because of changing current
in the primary winding, an e. m. f. is
induced in the secondary winding.
When alternating supply is given to the
primary of a transformer, alternating
current in the winding produces
changing flux. This changing magnetic
field travels through the core of the
transformer and links up with the
secondary winding. An e. m. f. is induced
Since ε > ε
in the secondary of the windings. This
∴C >C
induced e. m. f. is directly proportional to
ii. Electric field, E = V/d
number of turns of the secondary. A
Here V = = transformer handles almost same power
in the secondary because of minimum
∴E = E
loss of input power given to the primary.
Since ε < ε  Primary e. m. f.,
∴E <E −N d∅
E =
iii. Using U = CV , we get dt
∅
1 ε V ε ε Secondary e. m. f. , E =
U = C = U
2 ε ε ε
⇒ = =
1
∵U = C V
2  In ideal transformer, input power =
Since ε < ε output power
∴ U <U
i.e., i V = i V
32. .
i.e., = =
 Schematic diagram:
 Sample Question Papers 47

 The generator voltage output is = (cos c − sin c)

√
stepped-up to reduce current so that
= [1 − sin c] − sin c
I R loss is decreased. High voltage √

power is transmitted over long distances = n −n ) −n

√
to reach the consumers. Voltage is
stepped down near the consumer’s ⇒ i = sin
place with the help of step down √

transformer. ii. r =0

OR And r + r = 45
∴ r = 45
i. Voltage, ε = ε sin ωt induced in the
inductor such that As =n
di
ε−L =0 ∴sin i = n sin r = 1.352 sin 45
dt = 0.956
i.e., = = sin ωt ⇒ i = sin (0.956) = 72.58
then d= sin ωt dt
ε
i=− cos ωt
ωL
= sin ωt − where X = ωL

i.e., Current,
π
i = i sin ωt −
2

a. . OR
i. e = BLv a. .
ii. West to east
iii. East.
33.
a. The ray coming passes from denser to
rarer medium having angle of incident
greater than the critical angle produces
total internal reflection.
b.

i. sin c =

And (90 − r ) + 45 + (90 − c) =

180 Light from distant source bends from the
slit wave-front W split into wavelets
i.e. r = 45 − c
which superpose to give maxima and
as =n minima on screen
b. a sin θ = λ
∴ sin i = n sin r = n sin(45 − c) λ
θ=
= n(sin 45 cos c − cos 45 sin c) a
48 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Angular width, 2θ = (Central fringe)

Angular width, θ = (first diffraction

fringe)
c. Part of wave-front giving maxima
becomes smaller with increase in n so it
becomes weaker and weaker
48 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Sample Question Paper - 4

Maximum Marks : 70 Time Allowed : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of 1 mark
each. Section B has two case study based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine short
answer questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each
and Section E contains three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.

OR

SECTION A Two inductors and are connected in

All questions are compulsory. In case of parallel and a time varying current flows as

internal Choices, attempt any one of them. shown in figure. Find the ratio of i : i .

1. A straight wire carrying current I is turned

into a circular loop. If the magnitude of
magnetic moment associated with it is M,
find the length of wire.
2. A radio wave of frequency 90 MHz enters a
ferrite rod. If ε = 10 and μ = 10, then find
the velocity and wavelength of the wave in
ferrite. 5. Find the ratio of the energies of the
OR hydrogen atom in its first to second excited
Why X-ray are not used for RADAR states.
purposes? 6. A proton and an α −particle are
3. Two particles of equal charge after being accelerated through the same potential
accelerated through the same potential difference. Find the ratio of their De-Broglie
difference enter a uniform transverse wavelengths.
magnetic field and describe circular paths 7. In a Fusion process, it is impossible to
of radii R and R respectively. Find the ratio combine two deuterons to form a He

of their masses . nucleus at room temperature and pressure.

Why?
4. For a series L − C − R circuit with L = 2.0 H, C =
8. A piece of copper and other of germanium,
32mF and R = 10 ohm. What is the Q-value of
are cooled from the room temperature to
this circuit?
80K, then how their resistances will vary?
 Sample Question Papers 49

OR Reason:
In the network shown, find the current In stable equilibrium energy of dipole should
flowing through the battery of negligible be least possible.
internal resistance. 12. Assertion:
The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are
connected to a battery charge on the
plates increases on introducing a dielectric
slab between the plates.
Reason:
Capacity increases on introducing dielectric
slab and hence more charge is drawn from
the battery.
13. Assertion:
A concave mirror and convex lens both
9. The ratio of electron and hole current in a
have the same focal length in air. When
semiconductor is and the ratio of drift they are submerged in water, they will still

velocities of electrons and holes is , then have the same focal length.
Reason:
find the ratio of concentrations of electrons
The refractive index of water is less than the
and holes.
refractive index of air.
10. Give two advantages of LED’s over
14. Assertion
conventional incandescent lamps.
No diffraction is produced in sound waves
For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14, two
near a very small opening.
statements are given-one labeled assertion
Reason:
(A) and the other labeled Reason (R). Select
For diffraction to take place the aperture of
the correct answer to these questions from
opening should be of the same order as
the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
wavelength of the waves.
below.
SECTION B
a. Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A Questions 15 and 16 are case study based

b. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the questions and are compulsory. Attempt any

correct explanation of A 4 sub parts from each question. Each

c. A is true but R is false question carries 1 mark.

d. A is false and R is also false 15. Capacitance is the ratio of the change in

11. Assertion: the electric charge of a system to the

An electric dipole is placed in a uniform corresponding change in its electrical

electric field. Its equilibrium will be stable potential. Capacitor consists of two metal

when dipole is set along the direction of plates which are filled with dielectric when a

electric field. voltage is applied to these plates an electric

50 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

current flows charging up one plate with a capacitor before the introduction of
the dielectric.
positive charge with respect to the supply
a. C = C /2; Q = 2Q
voltage and the other plate with an equal b. C = 2C ; Q = Q /2
c. C = C /2; Q = Q /2
and opposite negative charge.
d. C = 2C ; q = 2Q
iii. Find the charge stored in the
capacitor in the given circuit

a. 3 μC
b. 6 μC
c. 8 μC
d. 4 μC
iv. The capacitance is a circuit
component that opposes the
change in the circuit………..
The generalized equation for the charge a. current
stored in a capacitor is given by q = CV, b. voltage
where C is the capacitance of the c. impedance
capacitor. d. none of the above
i. The capacitance of a capacitor v. Amount of energy stored in a
does not depend on capacitor of 5μF when it is charged
a. Area of plates to a potential of 100V.
b. Separation between the plates a. 2.5 J
c. Applied potential difference b. 2.5 × 10 J
d. Dielectric constant c. 25 × 10 J
ii. A parallel plate air capacitor with no d. 250 × 10 J
dielectric between the plates is
connected to the constant voltage 16. In YDSE, intensity of light from two slits is
source. How would capacitance proportional to their width, and also to the
and charge change if dielectric of
dielectric constant K = 2 is inserted square of amplitudes of light from the slits,
between the plates C and Q are i.e.,
the capacitance and charge of the
 Sample Question Papers 51

I ω a b. 4: 1
= =
I ω b c. 1: 2
d. 1: 1.4
At points, where crest of one wave falls on
v. Two independent sources emit light
crest of the other and through falls on
waves given by y = a sin ωt and
trough, intensity of light is maximum.
Interference is said to be constructive. At y = a sin ωt + .

points, where crest of one wave falls on Will you observe interference
trough of the other, resultant intensity of light pattern?

is minimum. The interference is said to be a. Yes

b. No
destructive. c. Sometimes
I (a + b) d. Cannot say
=
I (a − b)
SECTION-C
For sustained interference, the two sources
All questions are compulsory. In case of
must be coherent. Two independent
internal choices, attempt anyone
sources cannot be coherent.
17. An element ∆I = ∆ × i is placed at the origin
i. The light waves from two coherent
and carries a large current i = 10A. What is
sources are represented by
the magnetic field on the y-axis at a
y = a sin ωt and y = a sin ωt + distance of 0.5m. ∆x = 1 cm.
The resultant amplitude will be
a. a
b. a
c. a + a
d. a +a
ii. The ratio of intensities in the
interference pattern in the above
question will.
a. 9: 1
b. 4: 1
c. 2: 1
d. 1: 4 18. In young’s double-slit experiment using
iii. The amplitudes of light waves from monochromatic light of wavelength λ, the
two slits are in the ratio 3: 1. Widths of intensity of light at a point on the screen
slits are in the ratio. where path difference is λ, is K units. What is
a. 1: 9 the intensity of light at a point where path
b. 1: 3
c. 9: 1 difference is ?
d. 3: 1
OR
iv. The widths of two slits in YDSE are in
Draw the shape of the wave-front in each
the ratio 1 4:. The ratio of amplitudes
of the following cases:
of light waves from two slits will be.
a. Light diverging from a point source.
a. 9: 1
52 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

b. Light emerging out of a convex lens

when a point source is placed at its SECTION D
focus. All questions are compulsory. in case of

19. Derive the expression of potential due to a internal choices, attempt any one.

short dipole at any arbitrary point. 26. A conducting circular loop is placed in a

OR uniform magnetic field B = 0.04T with its

What do you understand by equi-potential plane perpendicular to the field. Somehow,

surface? What is the net work done when a the radius of the loop starts shrinking at a

charge is moved along an equi-potential constant rate of 2 min/s. Find the induced

surface and why? current in the loop at an instant when the

20. Explain the working of a solar cell with the radius is 2 cm.

help of diagram.
21. A long Solenoid with 15 turns per has a
small loop of area 2.0 cm placed inside the
solenoid normal to its axis. If the current
carried by the solenoid changes steadily
from 2.0 A to 4.0 A in 0.1 s, what is the
induced emf in the loop while the current is
changing? 27. Write the principle and working of an ideal

22. In a Young’s double-slit experiment, the slits voltmeter. Name it. How can the sensitivity

are separated by 0.28 mm and the screen is of this instrument be increased?

placed 1.4 m away. The distance between OR

the central bright fringe and the fourth Derive the expression of equivalent of

bright fringe is measured to be 1.2 cm. two cells (ε , r ) and (ε , r ) connected in

Determine the wavelength of light used in parallel. Where ε is emf and r is internal

the experiment. resistance of the cells.

23. Differentiate between p type and n type 28. The work function of cesium metal is 2.14 eV.

semi-conductor. When light of frequency 6 × 10 Hz is

24. Define the terms magnetic meridian and incident on the metal surface,

geographic meridian. photoemission of electrons occurs. What is

OR the

Vertical component of earth’s magnetic a. maximum kinetic energy of the emitted

field at a place is √3 times the horizontal electrons.

component. What is the value of angle of b. stopping potential, and

dip at that place? c. maximum speed of the emitted

25. Draw the ray diagram of astronomical photoelectrons?

telescope in normal adjustment. OR

 Sample Question Papers 53

Write three properties of photons. Why wave

theory of light could not explain the
photoelectric effect?
29. Derive an expression for radius and velocity Three charges −q, +Q and −q are placed at
for an electron of hydrogen atom for ℎ equal distances on a straight line. If the
potential energy of the system of three
level. charges is zero, find the ratio .
30. In the fusion reaction H + H → He + n, the
masses of deuteron, helium and neutron 32.

expressed in amu are 2.015, 3.017 and 1.009, a. A sinusoidal emf is applied to a circuit

respectively. If 1 kg of deuterium undergoes containing an inductor only. Show that

complete fusion, find the amount of total the current lags behind the voltage by
energy released.
radian. Also derive an expression for the
SECTION E reactance of an inductor, when
All questions are compulsory. In case of
connected across an . . source
internal choices, attempt any one
ε = ε sin ωt
31. Apply Gauss’s theorem to calculate the
electric field of a thin infinitely long straight
line of charge, with a uniform, charge
density of . An electric dipole consists
of charges ±2 × 10 C, separated by a
distance of 2 mm. It is placed near a long
line charge of density 4.0 × 10 Cm , as
shown in figure., such that the negative
charge is at a distance of 2 cm from the line
charge. Calculate the force acting on the b. Draw its Phasor diagram.
dipole. c. If resistance is added in series to inductor
what changes will occur in the current
flowing in the circuit and phase angle
between voltage and current.
OR
Explain the principle and working of a
transformer.
Write any two energy losses in a transformer.

OR How can they be reduced?

Derive an expression for the potential The primary coil of an ideal step-up
energy of a dipole in a uniform electric field. transformer has 100 turns and the
Discuss the conditions of stable and
unstable equilibrium. transformation ratio is also 100. The input
voltage and the power are 220V and 1100W
respectively.
54 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Calculate: OR
i. number of turns in the secondary X-rays being of high energy radiations,
ii. the current in the primary penetrate the target and hence these are
33. . not reflected back.
a. Explain the phenomenon of diffraction
of light at a single slit to show the 3. qV = mv
formation of diffraction fringes.
b. Show graphically the variation of Or v =

intensity with angle in this diffraction mv

qv =
pattern. r
c. Why secondary maxima are less intense
mv m 2qV 2qVm
than the central maximum? Bq = = =
r r m r
OR
B q R B qR
a. With the help of a ray diagram, derive m= =
2qV 2V
an expression for its magnifying power
m∝R (∴B, q and V are same)
(when the final image is formed at the
least distance of distinct vision. =

b. The total magnification produced by a 4. Q-factor of this circuit,

compound microscope is 20, while that 1 L 1 2 10
Q= = = = 25
produced by the eye-piece alone is 5. R C 10 32 × 10 40
When the microscope is focused on a OR
certain object, the distance between e =e
objective and eye-piece is 14 cm find di di
L =L
the force length of objective and eye- dt dt
piece. If distance of distinct vision is 20 Integrating both sides . . . , we get
cm. L i =L i
HINTS & SOLUTIONS ∴ =
1. Magnetic moment, M = iA = i(πr ), where
5. 1st excited state corresponds to n = 2
l = 2 πr
2nd excited state corresponds to n = 3
M
r= = = =
πi

6. = 2√2
l = 2π =
7. The original nuclei must first break up before
×
2. v = = combining with each other.
√ √ ×

= 3 × 10 ms 8. The resistance of copper will decrease,

while that of germanium will increase. The
v 3 × 10
λ = = = 3.33 × 10 m temperature coefficient of resistance of
v 90 × 10
 Sample Question Papers 55

copper is positive and germanium is 15.

negative i.
OR ii. d
The upper junction diode is forward biased iii.
and middle junction diode is reverse biased. iv.
So, effective resistance of circuit = 10 + 10 = v.
20Ω 16.
3 i.
I= = 0.15 A
20 ii. a
9. As, I = nAev iii.
= × = × = iv.
v.
10. The two advantages of LED’s over the
conventional incandescent lamps are 17. |dB| =
i. Low operational voltage and less dl = ∆x = 10 m, I = 10A, r = 0.5 m = y, μ /4π
power.
= 10
ii. Fast action and no warm-up time
θ = 90 ; sin θ = 1
required.
10 × 10 × 10
11. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the |dB| = = 4 × 10 T
25 × 10
correct explanation of A. 18. Expression of intensity
When dipole is aligned along the direction Solution /4
of electric field, torque on it, is zero and its OR
electrical potential energy is minimum Correct wave front diagrams
(U = −pE). Hence, it is in a stable equilibrium 19. Diagram
Derivation
condition. OR
12. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the Definition
correct explanation of A. Zero
13. (d) A is false and R is also false Correct Reason
14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the 20. Diagram
correct explanation of A. Working
The diffraction of sound is only possible 21. Number of turns per unit length, = 15
when the size of opening should be of the
turns/cm = 1500
same order as its wavelength and the
Area of the small loop, A = 2 cm = 2 ×
wavelength of sound is of the order of 1.0 m,
10 m
hence, for a very small opening no
Initial current, I = 2A
diffraction is produced in sound waves.
Final current, I = 4A
∆t = 0.1s
The magnetic field associated with current
I
56 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

B =μ nl Sensitivity can be increased by (any

method)
The magnetic field associated with current
OR
I Diagram
B =μ nl Derivation
Correct expression
The change in flux associated with change 28.
in current in solenoid, a. Maximum kinetic energy 0.345 eV
b. Stopping potential 0.345 V
= ∆∅ = (B − B )A c. Maximum speed 3.323 × 10 m/s
= 4π × 10 × 1500 × (4 − 2) × 2 × 10 OR
Three properties of photons (any three)
= 7.6 × 10 weber correct explanation.
∆∅ 29. Derivation
|E| = 30. ∆m = 2(2.015) − (3.017 + 1.009) = 0.004 amu
∆t
Energy released =(30.004 × 931.5)
. ×
= = 3.726 MeV
.
Energy released per deuteron
= 7.6 × 10 V .
= = 1.863MeV
22. Distance between the slits, = 0.28 × 10 Number of deuterons in 1 kg =
. ×

Distance between the slits and the screen, = 3.01 × 10

= 1.4 Energy released per kg of deuterium fusion
= (3.01 × 10 × 1.863)
Distance between the central fringe and = 5.6 × 10 MeV
the fourth (n = 4) fringe. = 9.0 × 10 J
31. Derivation
Y = n λD/d Force exerted on negative charge (r =
Calculation for λ = 600 nm 0.02m).
× × × × × ×
23. Any two differences F = N
.
= 7.2N, acting towards the line charge
24. Definition of the terms
Force exerted on positive charge (r = 2.2 ×
OR 10 m),
Formula substitution and solution ( = 60 ) 9 × 10 × 2 × 2 × 10 × 4 × 10
F =
25. Correct diagram 2.2 × 10
= 6.5 N, acting away from the line charge
26. Induced in the loop is given by
Net force on dipole,
e = −B. where A is the area of the loop. F = F − F = 7.2 − 6.5
= 0.7 N, acting towards the line charge
e = −B. (πr ) = −Bπ2r OR
Derivation
r = 2cm = 2 × 10 m Equilibrium conditions
dr = 2mm = 2 × 10 m Numerical (1: 4)
32. Derivation
dt = 1s Phasor Diagram
2 × 10 Resistance is connected to inductor LR
e = −0.04 × 3.14 × 2 × 2 × 10 × V
1 circuit
= 0.32π × 10 V OR
Principle + working
= 3.2π × 10 V
Any two losses and ways to avoid them
= 3.2πμV
27. Name: Potentiometer i. Transformation ratio, k = = 100
Principle ∴ N = 100N = 100 × 100 = 10,000
Working ii. I = = = 5A
 Sample Question Papers 57

33. Diffraction at single slit m = 20, m = 5, D = 20cm, V = −20cm

∴m= = =4
As the eye-piece acts as a simple
microscope, so
D
m =1+
f
Or 5 = 1 +
∴ f = 5 cm
Also, m =
−20
5=
u
Intensity of secondary maxima decreases
u = −4 cm
with the order of the maximum. The reason
Distance between the objective and the
is that the intensity of the central maximum
eye-piece
is due to the constructive interference of
wavelets from all parts of the slit, the first = 14 cm
secondary maximum is due to the Or |u | + |v | = 14
contribution of wavelets from one third part Or 4 + v = 14
of the slit (wavelets from remaining two Or v = 10cm
parts interfere destructively). Hence the Now, m = 1 −
intensity of secondary maximum decreases
with the increase in the order of the ⇒−4 = 1 −
maximum. ∴ f = 2cm
OR
Diagram + derivation
58 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Sample Question Paper - 5

Maximum Marks : 70 Time Allowed : 3 hours
General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.
2. This question paper has five sections : Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of 1 mark
each. Section B has two case study based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine short
answer questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each
and Section E contains three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.

SECTION A 5. Carbon, silicon and germanium have four

All questions are compulsory. In case of valence electrons each. These are

internal choices, attempt any one of them. characterized by valence and conduction

1. Show on a graph the variation of bands separated by energy band gap

conductivity with temperature for a typical respectively equal to (Eg) , (Eg) and (Eg) .

semi-conductor? Arrange these in decreasing order of energy

2. What is the basic cause of electromagnetic band gap.

induction? OR

3. What happens to self inductance when the What is meant by minority carrier injection?

number of turns of a coil per unit length is 6. Which part of emw radiated by Human

doubled? body?

OR 7. A nucleus ruptures into two nuclear parts

In the circuit shown below, what will be the which have their atomic mass ratio equal to

readings of the voltmeter and ammeter? 8: 1. What will be the ratio of their nuclear
size (nuclear radius)?
8. If E , E , E are the respective kinetic energies
of electron, deuteron and proton having
same De −Broglie wavelength. Rewrite these
in increasing order of their magnitude.
OR
When radiation 5.6 eV is incident on a metal
surface, photoelectron are ejected with
kinetic energy 4eV, determine stopping
potential.
4. Name the part of emw and wavelength of 9. An EM radiation has energy of 12.4 keV.
signal having frequency of 300 megahertz? Identify which region of em spectrum has this
energy?
Sample Question Papers 59

10. A current carrying loop is placed in a

uniform magnetic field in four different
orientations I, II, III and IV. Which of these
has minimum potential energy?
I. .

For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14, two

statements are given-one labeled Assertion
(A) and the other labeled Reason (R). Select

II. . the correct answer to these questions from

the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the

III. . correct explanation of A

c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false and R is also false
11. Assertion:
If the distance between parallel plates of a
capacitor is halved and dielectric constant
is made three times, then the capacitor
IV. . becomes 6 times.
Reason:
Capacity of the capacitor does not
depend upon the nature of the material.
12. Assertion:
Electric field outside the conducting wire
which carries a constant current is zero.
OR
Reason:
Plot the variation of magnetic field due to a
Net charge on conducting wire is zero.
straight conductor of uniform cross section
13. Assertion:
of radius and carrying a steady current
When a magnetic dipole is placed in a non
with distance , in the region < and >
uniform magnetic field, only a torque acts
.
on the dipole.
60 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Reason:  Photodiodes have very linear light /

Force would also acts on dipole if magnetic current characteristics.
field were uniform. I. In the circuit, if the forward voltage drop
14. Assertion: for the diode is 0.5 , the current will be
Self-inductance is called the inertia of
electricity.
Reason:
Self-inductance is the phenomenon,
according to which an opposing induced
. . . is produced in a coil as a result of
change in current or magnetic flux linked in
the coil.
a. 3.4 mA

SECTION B b. 2 mA

Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based c. 2.5 mA

d. 3 mA
questions and are compulsory. Attempt any
II. In a PN − junction diode
4 sub parts from each question. Each
a. The current in the reverse biased
question carries 1 mark.
condition is generally very small.
15. Optoelectronics
b. The current in the reverse biased
 In optoelectronics we deal with 2 types
condition is small but the forward
of electronic devices.
biased current is independent of the
 Light emitting electronic devices: ones
bias voltage
that generate electromagnetic energy
c. The reverse biased current is strongly
under the action of electrical field.
dependent on the applied bias
Example: light emitting diodes (visible
voltage
and infrared-light).
d. The forward biased current is very
 Light detecting devices: ones that
small in comparison to reverse
transform electromagnetic energy input
biased current
into electrical current/voltage.
III. In the case of forward biasing of PN −
Examples: photo resistors, photodiodes,
junction, which one of the following
etc.
figures correctly depicts the direction of
Photodiode
flow of majority charge carriers of each
 Photodiode is a semi-conductor device
side.
that transforms light energy to electric
energy. When photodiode is placed in
dark, the current meter displays zero
current flow. When the photodiode is
expose to light, it acts a current source.
Sample Question Papers 61

a. . IV. Symbolic representation of photodiode

is
a.

b.

b.

c. .

d. .
c.

V. Choose correct option

a. A photo diode is forward biased and
an LED is reverse biased
d. b. A photo diode is reverse biased and
an LED is forward biased
c. Both forward biased
d. Both reverse biased
16. The lightning bolt
As a thundercloud billows, rising ice crystals
collide with falling hailstones. The hail strips
electrons from the rising ice and the top of
the cloud becomes predominantly positive,
while the bottom is mostly negative.
Negative charges in the lower cloud repel
62 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

negative charges on the ground. Electric d. Zero

fields build and a spark ignites a cloud-to- iv. Two protons A and B are placed in
ground lightning flash through a potential space between plates of a parallel
difference of hundreds of millions of volts. plate capacitor charged up to V volts
The lightning bolt featured in figure (see figure) forces on protons are F and
dramatically demonstrates that when a F , then
charge is placed in an electric field, it will a. F > F
move. The potential to move implies the b. F < F
existence of stored energy. Tremendous c. F = F
amounts of electric energy are “stored” in d. nothing can be said
the electric fields created by the separation
of charge between thunderclouds and the
ground. This energy is often released in the
‘explosion’ of a lightning bolt.
i. The insulated spheres of radii and
having charges Q and Q respectively
are connected to each other. There is
a. No change in the energy of the
system.
b. An increase in the energy of the v. If a unit positive charge is taken from
system one point to another over an
c. Always a decrease in the energy of equipotential surface, then
the system
a. work is done on the charge
d. A decrease in the energy of the
b. work is done by the charge
system unless Q R = Q R
c. work done is constant
ii. +2 C and +6 C two charges are repelling
d. no work is done
each other with a force of 12 N. If each
charge is given −2 C of charge, then the
value of the force will be SECTION C
a. 4N (Attractive) All questions are compulsory. In case of

b. 4N (Repulsive) internal choices, attempt any one.

c. 8N (Repulsive) 17. Define eddy currents. What is its
d. Zero disadvantage?
iii. What is the potential energy of the
OR
equal positive point charges of 1
The magnetic flux linked with a coil varies
each held 1 apart in air.
with time as ∅ = 3t + 4t + 9 weber.
a. 9 × 10 J
What is the induced emf at t = 2s ?
b. 9 × 10 eV
c. 2eV/m
Sample Question Papers 63

18. Three identical dipoles are arranged as 24. Derive an expression for magnetic dipole
shown below. What will be the net electric moment of a revolving electron around

field at P k = nucleus of hydrogen atom and prove that

magnetic dipole moment is opposite in
direction to angular momentum of electron.
25. A beam of light of wavelength 420 nm, is
used to obtain interference fringes in a
Young’s double-slit experiment. Find the
distance of the third dark fringe on the
screen from the central maxima. Take the
separation between the slits as 4.2 mm and
the distance between the screen and plane
of the slits as 1.4 m.

SECTION D
Two metal spheres of radii R and R are
All questions are compulsory. In case of
charged to the same potential. Determine
internal choices, attempt any one.
the ratio of charges and electric field on the
26. A plane wave front propagating from a
spheres.
rarer into a denser medium is incident at an
19. In the Rutherford scattering experiment the
angle of incidence on a refracting surface.
distance of the closest approach for an α
Draw a diagram showing incident wave
particle is d . If particle is replaced by a
front and refracted wave front. Hence verify
proton, how much K.E. in comparison to
Snell’s laws of refraction.
particle will it require to have the same
27. Prove that the current flowing through an
distance of closest approach d ?
ideal inductor connected across . . source,
20. Give two advantages of a light emitting
lags the voltage in phase by . Show phasor
diode (LED) over conventional
incandescent lamps. diagram and wave form of voltage and

OR current.

Distinguish between ‘P type’ and N ‘type’ OR

semiconductors. A wheel with 8 metallic spokes each 50 cm

21. Differentiate between emf and terminal long is rotated with a speed of 120 rev/min

potential difference of a cell. in a plane normal to the horizontal

22. Use Bohr hypothesis and Rutherford’s atomic component of the Earth’s magnetic field.

model to show that the radius of nth orbit in The Earth’s magnetic field at the place is

hydrogen atom varies as n , where n is the 0.4 G and the angle of dip is 60 . Calculate

principle quantum number of the orbit. the emf induced between the axle and the

23. Explain sustained interference of light and rim of the wheel. How will the value of emf

how it can be achieved. be affected if the number of spokes were

increased?
64 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

28. Sketch the graph showing the variation of SECTION E

potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a All questions are compulsory. In case of
function of their separation. Write three internal choices, attempt any one.
characteristic properties of nuclear force 31. In Young’s double slit experiment, deduce
which distinguish it from the electrostatic the conditions for obtaining constructive
force. and destructive interference fringes. Hence
29. An optical instrument uses eye-lens of power deduce the expression for the fringe width.
16 D and objective lens of power 50 D and OR
has a tube length of 16.25 cm. Name the Using glass prisms derive relation between
optical instrument, calculate its magnifying i. e., A and D where letters have their usual
power if it forms the final image at infinity meaning and hence derive an expression
and draw proper ray diagram. for refractive index of glass prism.
OR
i. For a glass prism μ = √3, the angle of
a. For a ray of light travelling from a denser
minimum deviation is equal to the
medium of refractive index n to a rarer
angle of the prism. Calculate the
medium of refractive index n , prove angle of the prism.
that n /n = 1/sin c, where c is the critical 32.
angle for the media. a. A particle of charge q is moving with
b. Explain with the help of a diagram, how velocity is the presence of crossed
the above principle is used for
electric field E and magnetic field B as
transmission of video signals using
shown. Write the condition under which
optical fibres. the particle will continue moving along
30. Light of intensity ‘I’ and frequency ‘v’ is
x-axis. How would the trajectory of the
incident on a photosensitive surface and particle be affected if the electric field is
causes photoelectric emission. What will be
switched off?
the effect on anode current when

i. the intensity of light is gradually

increased,

ii. the frequency of incident radiation is

increased, and

iii. the anode potential is increased?

In each case, all other factors remain the

same. Given justification in each case.

Sample Question Papers 65

A horizontal wire AB of length ‘l’ and in the space between the plates. Explain

mass ‘m’ carries a steady current I , free what changes if any, occur in the values

to move in vertical plane is in equilibrium of

at a height of ‘h’ over another parallel i. potential difference between

long wire CD carrying a steady current the plates.

I , which is fixed in a horizontal plane as ii. energy stored in the capacitor.

shown. Derive the expression for the iii. electric field between the plates.

force acting per unit length on the wire OR

AB and write the condition for which Deduce an expression for effective

wire AB is in equilibrium. when two primary cells of emf e and e and

internal resistance r , and r , are connected

in parallel. A cell of emf (E) and internal

resistance (r) is connected across a variable

external resistance (R). Plot graphs to show

variation of

i. terminal p. d. of the cell V with R

Draw a labeled diagram of a moving ii. I with R

coil galvanometer. State its working iii. I with V

principle. Why is the magnetic field

radial in a moving coil galvanometer?

33.

a. Explain the underlying principle of

working of a parallel plate capacitor. If

two similar plates, each of area ‘A’

having surface charge densities ‘+’

and ‘–’ are separated by a distance

‘d’ in air, write expressions for

i. the electric field at points

between the two plates,

ii. the capacity of the capacitor so

formed.

b. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by

a battery and the battery remains

connected, a dielectric slab is inserted

66 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

HINTS & SOLUTIONS 5. (Eg) > (Eg) > (Eg)

OR
1. (CAN NEGLECT SCALE) When the diode is forward biased, electrons
are sent from → (where they are minority
carriers) and holes are sent from p → n
(where they are minority carriers). At the
junction boundary the concentration of
minority carriers increases compared to the
equilibrium concentration (i.e., when there is
no bias). This is known as minority carrier
injection.
6. IR radiation
OR
7. As R × A , so =

R 8
=
R 1
R 2
=
R 1

8. Using λ =
√

mE = Constant so m α

Hence E < E < E

OR
2. Change in flux (φ = BA cos ωt) When radiation 5.6 eV is incident on a metal
3. Coefficient of Self inductance (L = surface, photoelectron are ejected with
μ μ n A ) is directly proportional to squarer kinetic energy 4 eV, determine stopping
of number of turns per unit length in coil. potential.
Hence on doubling the number of turns. K = eV (e × stopping potential)
Coefficient of self inductance becomes four = 4 eV so stopping potential = 4V
times. 9. E = 12.4 keV = 12.4 × 10 eV = ,
OR
So λ(nm) = ( )
= 1240/(12.4 × 10 )
Reading of voltmeter: 220 V, and ammeter
: 2.2 A = 10 nm

4. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves λ = 10 m

with wavelengths ranging from as long as Hence emw is X-rays.

one meter to as short as one millimeter. 10. For (III) U = −MB cos θ; where θ = Angle

Wavelength frequency 300MHz (0.3 GHz) between normal to the plane of the coil

c (3 × 10 ) and direction of magnetic field. As in dia.

λ= = = 100m
f (300 × 10 ) III θ minimum so U is minimum.
Sample Question Papers 67

OR

iv. (c)

11. (b) By the formula capacitance of a

capacitor
KA K
C =ε × ∝ v. (b) A photodiode is reverse biased
d d
and an is forward biased
Hence, = × = × =
16.
Or C = 6C i. (d)
12. (a) When current flows through a conductor
it always remains uncharged, hence no A decrease in the energy of the system
electric field is produced outside it. unless Q R = Q R
13. (d) In a non-uniform magnetic field, both a
ii. (d)
torque and a net force acts on the dipole. If
Zero
magnetic field were uniform, net force on
iii. (a)
dipole would be zero.
By using U = 9 × 10
14. (b) Self-inductance of a coil is its property
virtue of which the coil opposes any change ×
⇒U = 9 × 10 ×
in the current flowing through it.
= 9 × 10 J
15.
i. (a) 3.4 mA iv. (c)
As net V = 8 − 0.5 = 7.5 V, F =F
R = 2.2 kΩ, I = = 3.4 mA
v. (d)
ii. (a) The current in the reverse biased
condition is generally very small No work is done
iii. (c) 17. When a changing magnetic flux is applied
to a bulk piece of conducting material then
circulating currents called eddy currents are
induced in the material.
Disadvantages: The production of eddy
currents in a metallic block leads to the loss
68 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

of electric energy/power in the form of particle will it require to have the same
heat. distance of closest approach d ?
OR ( )( )
. = K, for same d = d , K α
dφ
e=−
dt charge, so K for proton K = as charge of
Let = 6t + 4 = 16V(at t = 2sec)
proton = charge of alpha particle.
18. Point P lies at equatorial positions of dipole 1
20. Any two
and 2 and axial position of dipole 3.
i. Low operational voltage and less
power
ii. Fast action and no warm-up time
required.
iii. The bandwidth of emitted light is

100A to 500A Eg = or, in other

words, it is nearly (but not exactly)

monochromatic
iv. Long life and ruggedness
v. Fast on-off switching capability.
OR
Hence field at P due to dipole 1
. Distinguish between ′P type’ and ‘N type’
E = (towards left)
semi-conductors.
Due to dipole 2 Distinction between −type and −type
. semi-conductors
E = (towards left)
.( )
Due to dipole 3 E = (towards right) -type semi- −type semi-

So net field at will be zero. conductors conductors

Here V = V 1 It is an extrinsic It is an intrinsic

semi-conductors semi-conductors
So = kQ /R
which is obtained which is obtained
Q R
= by doping the by doping the
Q R
impurity atoms of impurity atoms of
For E = kQ/R , = Q R /Q R
ℎ group of group of
= Q R /Q R periodic table to periodic table to
= the pure the pure
germanium or germanium or
19. In the Rutherford scattering experiment the
silicon semi- silicon semi-
distance of the closest approach for an α
conductor conductor.
particle is d . If particle is replaced by a
2 The impurity The impurity
proton; how much K.E. in comparison to
atoms added, atoms added,
Sample Question Papers 69

provide extra create vacancies For an electron around a stationary nucleus

the electrostatics force of attraction
electrons in the of electrons (i.e.
provides the necessary centripetal force.
structure, and are holes) in the ( )
i.e. = ……………..(i)
called donor structure and are
Also Bohr’s Postulate states
atoms. called acceptor
mvr = ………………………(ii)
atoms.
From equation (i) and (ii) radius of ℎ orbit
3 The electrons are The holes are
majority carriers majority carriers (replace r as r and v as v ).
and holes are and electrons are n h ε 1
minority carriers minority carriers. r = = 0.53A(n = 1) k =
πme 4πε
4 The electron The hole density
density ( ) is ( ) is much ⇒ r αn
much greater greater than the
than the hole electron density 23. If the respective position of bright and dark
density ( ℎ) i.e. ( ℎ) i.e. ℎ >> . fringes remains unchanged with the
>> ( ℎ). passage of time then such an interference
pattern is known as sustained interference.
5 The donor energy The acceptor (Any two)
level is close to energy level is 1. The two sources must be coherent. The
the conduction close to valence initial phase difference between the
interfering waves must remain constant.
band and far band and is far Otherwise the interference will not be
away from away from the sustained.
2. The two sources must be very close to
valence band. conduction band. each other and the pattern must be
6 The Fermi energy The Fermi energy observed at a large distance to have
sufficient width of the fringe, otherwise
level lies in level lies in due to small fringe width β ∝ the eye
between the between the cannot resolve fringes resulting in
uniform illumination.
donor energy acceptor energy
3. The sources must be monochromatic.
level and level and valence Otherwise, the fringes of different colours
will overlap.
conduction band. band.
4. The two waves must be having same
amplitude for better contrast between
bright and dark fringes. This improves
21. (1) of cell ( ):
contrast with I and I .
The potential difference across the terminals
24.
of a cell when it is not supplying any current
 The electrons move in circular orbits.
is called it’s emf.
 The orbiting electron constitutes a tiny
(2) Potential difference ( ): current loop.
The voltage across the terminals of a cell  The magnetic moment of the electron is
when it is supplying current to external associated with this orbital motion.
resistance is called potential difference or  L is the angular momentum,
terminal voltage. Potential difference is  μ is magnetic moment
equal to the product of current and
resistance of that given part i.e. V = iR.
22.
Radius of orbit:
70 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

If be the speed of light, be the time

taken by light to go from B to C or A to D or
E to G through F, then
For rays of light from different parts on the
incident wave front, the values of AF are
different. But light from different points of the
incident wave front should take the same
time to reach the corresponding points on
the refracted wave front.
So, t should not depend upon AF. This is
possible only

Magnetic dipole moment, (μ) If − =0

= IA
= . πr = . πr = Or =
Here L = mvr,
Or = =μ
μ= , in vector form μ = − L
Or we have BC = V t AD = V t, ANS sin i =
The negative sign proves that magnetic
dipole moment is opposite in direction to , sin r =
angular momentum of electron.
25. As yn = n − λD/d So sin i/ sin r = = = μ which is Snell’s
The third dark fringe on the screen from the law of refraction.
central maxima = y’3 3 − λD/d
27. Inductive circuit ( − ):
= 5 × 420 × 10 × 1.4(2 × 4.2 × 10 )
For V = V sin ωt
= 3.5 × 10
According to KVLV + V = 0 → Ldi/dt
26. (a) − INCIDENT PLANE WAVE FRONT
DC −REFRACTED WAVE-FRONT = V sin ωt

XY − REFRACTING SURFACE di = sin ωt dt on integrating

V V V
I= (− cos ωt) = −I cos ωt I = =
ωL ωL X
Sample Question Papers 71

1. Current: I = I sin ωt − , X is inductive

reactance
2. Peak current: i = = =
3. Phase difference between voltage and
current φ = 90 or +

OR

N = 8, I = .5m, f = = 2rps,→

ω = 4π, B = 0.4G = 0.4 × 10 , I = 60

BH  BE cosI  0.4  104 cos60

 0.2  104

e  BHL2 /2

= π × 10 = 3.14 × 10 V,
No change on changing number of spokes

4. Power factor: cos φ = 0 as all spokes are connected in parallel.

5. power: P = 0 28. Nuclear Force:

6. Phasor diagram: the current lag voltage Forces that keep the nucleons bound in the
nucleus.
by
1. Nuclear forces are short range forces.
These do not exist at large distances
greater than 10 .
2. Nuclear forces are the strongest forces in
nature.
3. These are attractive force and causes
stability of the nucleus.
4. These forces are charge independent.
5. Nuclear forces are non-central force.
72 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

1. μ = = =
b. Optical fibres consist of many long high
29. P = 16D → f = = 6.25cm,
quality composite glass/quartz fibres.
1
P = 50D → f = = 2cm L = 16.25 cm, D Each fibre consists of a core and
P
= 25 cm cladding.
The optical instrument is compound
i. The refractive index of the
microscope as both fo and fe are small.
material of the core (μ ) is higher
−L D
M≈ × than that of the cladding (μ ).
f f
Or M = −Po × Pe × L × D = −32.5 (−sign as ii. When the light is incident on one

final image is inverted) end of the fibre at a small angle,

(*no issue for not showing –sign) the light passes inside, undergoes
repeated total internal
reflections along the fibre and
finally comes out. The angle of
incidence is always larger than
the critical angle of the core
material with respect to its
cladding.
OR
iii. Even if the fibre is bent, the light
a. Critical angle ( ) = angle of incidence
can easily travel through along
when angle of refraction becomes 90
the fibre.
(i.e. = if = 90 )
iv. A bundle of optical fibre can be
When the angle of incidence exceeds
used as a ‘light pipe’ in medical
the critical angle than light ray comes
and optical examination. It can
back into the same medium after
also be used for optical signal
reflection from interface. This
transmission. Optical fibres have
phenomenon is called Total internal
also been used for transmitting
reflection (TIR)
and receiving electrical signals
From Snell’s law
which are converted to light by
suitable transducers.
Sample Question Papers 73

30.
i. The intensity of light is gradually SECTION E
increase →current (I) increases as I α 31. Monochromatic light (single wavelength)
intensity ∝ number of incident falls on two narrow slits S and S which are
photon ∝ number of emitted very close together acts as two coherent
sources, when waves coming from two
photoelectron per time ∝ photo
coherent sources (S , S ) superimposes on
current each other, an interference pattern is
obtained on the screen. In YDSE alternate
bright and dark bands obtained on the
screen. These bands are called fringes.

ii. The frequency of incident radiation is

increased → no change in saturation
current as it is independent of
frequency (actually KE α v).

And
iii. The anode potential is increased
1. Central fringe is always bright, because
current increases first then after
at central position φ = 0 or ∆x = 0
certain potential no change in
current.
74 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

2. Path difference at any point P on screen: OR

Path difference between the interfering Diagram shows section ABC of a prism
waves meeting at a point P on the taken by a vertical plane perpendicular to
screen is given by the edge. BC is base of the prism and AB
∆x = S P − S P = (S M + MP) − S P = S M and AC are its two refracting surfaces. PQ is
(as MP = S P) incident ray, QR is refracted ray and RS is
∆x = d sin θ = yd/D (As sin θ approx. emergent ray.
= tan θ = y/D) where y is the position of In quadrilateral AQN R. ∠AQN + ∠ARN =
point P from central maxima. 180 …………..(1)
i.e. path difference =S P − S P ∠A + ∠QN R = 180
i.e. path difference =S P − S P = S M In ∆QRN , ∠r + ∠r + ∠QN R = 180 …….. (2)
= d sin θ From equations (1) and (2)
Where, S M ⊥ S P
∠A = ∠r + ∠r …………(3)
[∵ ∠S S M = ∠OCP (By geometry)
In ∆XQR, ∠XQR = ∠i − ∠r and ∠XRQ = ∠e −
⇒ S P = PM ⇒ S P = S M]
∠r N
If θ is small, then sinθ ≈ θ ≈ tan θ
Since exterior ∠TXR = interior ∠XQR + interior
∴ Path difference,
∠XRQ
S P − S P = S M = d sin θ ≈ d tan θ
∴ ∠δ = (∠i − ∠r ) + (∠e − ∠r )
Path difference = d ………..(i)
= (∠i + ∠e) − ∠A
[∵ In ∆PCO, tan θ = = ] Or, ∠A + ∠δ = ∠i + ∠e……… (4)
For constructive interference
Path difference = nλ, where, n = 0,1,2, … ..
= nλ From eq. (i)]

⇒y =
( )
⇒y =
For constructive interference:
For difference = (2n − 1) .
Where n = 1,2,3 … …

⇒ = (2n − 1) [From eq. (i)]

( ) A graph between ∠i and ∠δ shows that, C
⇒ y′ =
∠δ is more when ∠ is either small or large.
Where, y′ is the separation of ℎ order
∠δ is minimum for some intermediate value
dark fringe from central fringe.
of ∠i
∴ y′ = (2n + 1) From graph, when ∠δ = ∠δ , then ∠i = ∠e
∴ Fringe width of bright fringe and ∠r = ∠r
⇒ Separation between (n + 1)th and nth Now, from equations (3) and (4), we get, δ
order dark fringe from centred fringe. ∠
∠A = 2r ⇒ r = and ∠A + ∠δ = ∠i +
⇒ β = y′ − y′
∠
( ) ( ) ∠i ⇒ ∠i =
Or β = −
Sample Question Papers 75

∠ ∠ OR
From Snell’s law, n = ∠ this is the

required expression.

Working principle – A current carrying coil

placed in a uniform field experiences a
i. For a glass prism μ = √3 the angle
torque which deflect it.
of minimum deviation is equal to the Torque is given by τ = NBiA sin θ.
angle of the prism. Calculate the
Vectorially τ = M × B.
angle of the prism.
In a moving coil galvanometer the coil is
Here A = Dm, and for D = Dm → μ × suspended between the poles pieces of a
strong horse-shoe magnet. The pole pieces
sin = sin(A + Dm) /2 =sin A
are made cylindrical and a soft iron
A A √3 cylindrical core is placed within the coil
→ μ = √3 = 2 cos → 2 cos = without touching it. This makes the field
2 2 2
radial. In such a field the plane of the coil
π A π π
= cos → = → A = always remains parallel to the field.
6 2 6 3 Therefore θ = 90 and the deflecting torque
32. always has the maximum value.
a. Condition v = (F = F , qE = qvB)
τ = NBiA………………….(i)
Coil deflects, a restoring torque is set up in
When el. field is switched off, the charge the suspension fibre. If α is the angle of twist,
will revolve in circular path as only the restoring torque is.
magnetic force will play role of τ = Cα…………….(ii)
Where C is the torsional constant of the fibre
centripetal force with r =
When the coil in equilibrium NBiA = Cα
b. The force on a length l of each of two ⇒ i = Kα,
long, straight, parallel wires carrying Where K= is the galvanometer
currents i and i and separated by a
constant.this linear relationship between i
distance h is
and α makes the moving coil galvanometer
μ 2i i
F= . ×l useful for current measurement and
4π ?
detection.
Hence force per unit length = .
? In Radial field the plane of the coil always
F 2i i dyne
= remains parallel to the field. Therefore
l h cm
θ = 90 and the deflecting torque always
For AB equilibrium (downward) =
has the maximum value.
(upward)
is maximum when θ = 90 , i.e., the plane of
μ 2i i
→ mg = F = . ×l the coil is parallel to the field τ = −NBiA.
4π ?
76 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

33. Underlying principle of working – Charge OR

given to a conductor increases its potential
i.e.,
Q ∝ V ⇒Q = CV
Where C is a proportionality constant, called
capacity or capacitance of conductor.
Hence capacitance is the ability of
conductor to hold the charge. (2) it’s S.I. unit
is

= Farad (F)

In parallel grouping all anodes are

connected at one point and all cathode
are connected together at other point.
V = V(B ) − V(B ) = ε − I r
V = V(B ) − V(B ) = ε − I r
I=I +I
At Q, E = (E + E ) = (σ + σ) =
= + = + −V +
i. Electric field between the plates:
ε r +ε r r r
E= = V= −I
r +r r +r
ii. Potential difference between the
plates: On comparing with
σd V=ε − Ir
V=E×d=
ε
We get
iii. Capacitances: ε r +ε r
Q ε A ε =
C= = r +r
V d r r
i. No change in potential difference r =
r +r
between the plates as battery i. V vs R:
ER
remains connected V=
R+r
ii. Energy stored in the capacitor,
U= CV ,) if a dielectric medium of
dielectric constant K is filled
completely between the plates then
capacitance increases by K times
K A
i.e. C '  0  C '  KC
d
As C increased by K times so U" = KU

III. Electric field between the plates – no

change as E = Vd and both remains same.
ii. I vs R:
Sample Question Papers 77

E
I=
R+r
78 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

Sample Question Paper - 6

Maximum Marks : 70 Time Allowed : 3 hours
General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of 1 mark
each. Section B has two case study based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine short
answer questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each
and Section E contains three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.

SECTION A from cathode is 8 V. How does it change

All questions are compulsory. In case of when intensity of incident light is changed

internal Choices, attempt any one of them. to four times of previous value?

1. Name the physical quantity having unit 7. Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio

2. Mention one use of part of electromagnetic 1: 27. What is the ratio of their nuclear radii.

spectrum to which a frequency of 4000 MHz OR

belongs. In the following nuclear reaction, identify

OR unknown labeled X.

What physical quantity is same for X − rays Na + NeX → +v

of wavelength 10 and red light of wave 8. State the reason, why Si is not a suitable

length 6800 A . material used in making a LED.

3. Magnetic field lines can be entirely OR

confined within the core of a toroid, but not What happens to the width of depletion

within a straight solenoid. Why? layer of a p − n junction when it is

4. A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual i. Forward biased,

inductance of 1.5 H. If the current in one coil ii. Reverse biased?

changes from 0 to 20 in 0.5 , what is the 9. Write two criteria for selecting a material for

change of flux linkage with the other coil. making of solar cell.

OR 10. What is the net charge on

Write the average value of V = V sin ωt over 1. N type semi-conductor

2. p type semi-conductor
the time interval 0 to . For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14, two

5. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom statements are given-one labeled assertion

is −13.6 eV. What is K. E. of electron in first (A) and the other labeled Reason (R). Select

excited state? the correct answer to these questions from

6. In a photoelectric experiment, the potential the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given

required to stop the ejection of electrons below.

Sample Question Papers 79

a. Both A and R are true and R is the SECTION B

correct explanation of A Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study Based

b. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the questions and are compulsory. Attempt any

correct explanation of A 4 sub parts from each question. Each

c. A is true but R is false question carries 1 mark.

d. A is false and R is also false 15. When a potential difference V is applied

11. Assertion (A): across the two ends of a conductor, the

Magnetic field lines do not intersect each free electrons in the conductor experience

other a force and are accelerated towards the

Reason (R): positive end of conductor. On their way,

There cannot be two direction of the they suffer frequent collisions with the

magnetic field at a point. ions/atoms of the conductor and lose their

12. Assertion (A): gained kinetic energy and again get

Work done in moving a charge between accelerated due to electric field and lose

two points in an electric field is independent the gained kinetic energy in the next

of the path followed by the charge collision and so on. The average velocity

between these points. with which the free electrons get drifted

Reason (R): towards the positive end of the conductor

Electrostatic forces are non-conservative under the effect of applied electric field is

forces. called drift velocity.

13. Assertion (A): i. The motion of electrons between

If a convex lens made of material of two successive collisions (with the

refractive index 1.5 is kept in water of atoms/ions) in the presence of

refractive index 1.33, it behaves as a electric field follows:

diverging lens. a. straight line path

Reason (R): b. circular path

Focal length of the lens does not depend c. elliptical path

on its refractive index of the lens w. r. t. d. curved path

surrounding medium. ii. The drift velocity of the electrons

14. Assertion (A): depends on

If the objective and eye-piece of a a. dimensions of the conductor

microscope are interchanged then it can b. number density of free electrons

work as telescope. in the conductor

Reason (R): c. both a and b

The objective lens of telescope has small d. none of these

focal length. iii. When potential difference across a

given copper wire is increased, drift
velocity of free electrons.
80 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

a. decreases c. greater than 2

b. increases d. less than 1
c. remain same 3. If the critical angle for total internal
d. get reduced to zero reflection from a medium to vacuum is
iv. Two wires of same material having 30 , the velocity of light in the medium is
radii in the ratio 1: 2, carry currents in a. 3 × 10 /
the ratio 4: 1. The ratio of drift b. 1.5 × 10 /
velocities of electrons in them is c. 0.5 × 10 /
a. 2: 1 d. 0.2 × 10 /
b. 1: 1 4. Critical angle is
c. 1: 4 a. the angle of refraction in the denser
d. 16: 1 medium corresponding to which the
v. If the temperature of a conductor angle of incidence in the rarer
increases, the drift velocity of free medium is 90 .
electrons b. the angle of incidence in the denser
a. remains same medium corresponding to which the
b. increases angle of refraction in the rarer
c. decreases medium is 0 .
d. may increase or decrease c. the angle of incidence in the denser
16. Mirage medium corresponding to which the
It’s an optical phenomenon, especially in angle of refraction in the rarer
the desert or at sea, by which the image of medium is 90 .
some object appears displaced above, d. the angle of incidence in the rarer
below, or to one side of its true position as a medium corresponding to which the
result of spatial variations of the index of angle of refraction in the denser
refraction of air. medium is 90 .
1. Mirage is a phenomenon due to 5. Optical fibre communication uses the
a. refraction of light principle
b. reflection of light A. light scattering
c. total internal reflection of light B. light path reversibility
d. diffraction of light C. total internal reflection
2. Critical angle of glass is 2 and that of D. interference
water is 2. The critical angle for water
SECTION C
and glass surface would be μg =
All questions are compulsory. In case of
, μw = . internal choices, attempt anyone.
a. less than 2 17. A galvanometer is first converted into a
b. between 1 and 2 voltmeter of range 0 − 3 V and then into a
Sample Question Papers 81

voltmeter of range 0 − 6 V. In which case the negligible resistance) find the value of the
resistance would be higher one? Why? current in the arm.
18. Derive Snell’s law on the basis of Huygen’s
wave theory when light is travelling from a
denser to a rarer medium.
OR
Depict the shape of a wave front in each of
the following cases.
i. Light diverging from point source.
ii. Light emerging out of a convex lens 22. In the figure given below SS1 − SS2 = . Find

when a point source is placed at its the position of central maxima from ‘O’ if P
focus. is mid-point of 1 and 2.
19. A 500 μC charge is at the centre of a square
of side 10 cm. Find the work done in moving
a charge of 10 μC between two diagonally
opposite points on the square.
OR

A point charge Q is placed at point O as

shown in the figure. Is the potential 23. Explain the working of half wave rectifier

difference VA − VB positive, negative or zero, with proper circuit diagram.

if Q is 24. Define the terms angle of dip. Where on the

i. positive earth’s surface is the value of angle of dip.

ii. negative? i. Maximum

ii. Minimum?
20. Draw a circuit diagram to explain the OR
working of a photodiode. Also draw the Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic
V − I characteristics of this semi-conductor
field at a place is times the vertical
diode. √

21. A rectangular conductor LMNO is placed in component. What is the value of inclination

a uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T. The field is at that place?

directed perpendicular to the plane of the 25. Draw a ray diagram of a reflecting type

conductor. When the arm MN of length of telescope. State two advantages of this

20 cm is moved towards left with a velocity telescope over a refracting telescope.

of 10 , calculate the induced in the

SECTION D
arm. Given the resistance of the arm to be
All questions are compulsory. In case of
5 (assuming that other arms are of
internal choices, attempt any one.
82 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

26. How does the mutual inductance of a pair

of coils change when:
i. the distance between the coils is
increased?
ii. the number of turns in each coil is
decreased?
iii. thin iron sheet is placed between
the two coils, Other factors
remaining the same? Explain each
case. 28.
27. In the potentiometer circuit shown, the a. Explain De-Broglie argument to propose
balance point is at X. State with reason, his hypothesis. Show that De-Broglie
where the balance point will be shifted wavelength of photon equals
when electromagnetic radiation.
i. R is increased. b. If, proton and alpha particle are
ii. S is increased, keeping R constant accelerated through same KE, find the
iii. Cell P is replaced by another cell ratio of the associated De-Broglie
whose emf is lower than that of Cell wavelengths of two.
Q. OR
I. State two important features of
Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
II. Radiation of frequency 10 is
incident on two photosensitive
surfaces P and Q. there is no
photoemission from surface P.
photoemission occurs from surface
Q but photoelectrons have zero
OR kinetic energy. Explain this
State Kirchhoff’s rules. Use these rules to observation and find the value of
write the expressions for the currents I1, I2 work function for surface Q.
and I3 in the circuit diagram shown. 29. A 12.5 eV electron beam is used to bombard
gaseous hydrogen at room temperature. Up
to which energy level the hydrogen atoms
would be excited? Calculate the
wavelength of the first member of Lyman
and first member of Balmer series.
30. .
Sample Question Papers 83

a. Calculate the energy released in in i. Charged stored in the capacitor

the following nuclear reaction. ii. Field strength between the
U→ Th + He + Q plates

[Mass of U = 238.05079u, iii. Energy stored by the capacitor.

Mass of Th = 234.043630u, OR
a. Define electric dipole. Derive an
Mass of He = 4.002600 u, 1u =
expression for the electric potential on
931.5 MeV/c ]
the axial line due to an electric dipole.
b. Radioactive nucleus ‘A’ undergoes a
b. An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when
series of decays according to the
placed with its axis making an angle of
following scheme.
60 with a uniform electric field,
A→A →A →A →A experiences a torque of 4√3 Nm.
The mass number and atomic number of Calculate the potential energy of the
A are 190 and 75 respectively. What are dipole, if it has a charge of ± 8nC.
these numbers for A4? 32. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac
SECTION E source. Using the phasor diagram, derive
All questions are compulsory. In case of the expression for the impedance of the
internal choices, attempt any one circuit. Plot a graph to show the variation of
31. . current with frequency of the source,
a. Two thin infinite sheets 1 and 2 having explaining the nature of its variation and
surface charge densities +σ and −2σ hence calculate impedance at resonance.
respectively are as shown in the OR
diagram. (a) Define the coefficient of self-
inductance. Find the coefficient of self-
inductance of a long co-axial solenoid.

(b) A metallic rod of length is rotated at a

constant angular speed , normal to a
uniform magnetic field B. Derive an
expression for the current induced in the
rod, if the resistance of the rod is R.
Find the electric field at points A and B.
b. A capacitor of capacity C is charged 33.

fully by connecting it to a battery of a. Derive lens maker’s formula for a given

bi-convex lens.
emf E. It is then disconnected from the b. Double convex lenses are to be
battery. If the separation between the manufactured from a glass of refractive
plates of the capacitor is doubled then index 1.55 with both faces of the same
how the following parameters will radius of curvature. What is the radius of
change:
84 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

curvature required if focal length is to be HINTS & SOLUTION

20 ? 1. Magnetic dipole moment
OR 2. Microwave (any one use)
a. Draw the ray diagram of image OR
formation by a telescope when final
image is formed at infinity. Write the Speed
formula for its magnifying power. 3. Because toroid has no ends
b. A small telescope has an objective lens
4. Flux = MI
of focal length 144 cm and an eye-piece
Change in Flux =MdI
of focal length of 6 cm. Calculate its
M = 1.5 H
magnifying power and separation
I2 = 20A; I1
between both lenses.
= 0A dI = 20 − 0 = 20A
Change in flux =1.5 × 20 = 30Wb
OR
0.637 Io
.
5. TE = − = −3.4 eV
KE = − TE, KE = 3.4 eV
6. No change

7. R = Ro(A)
R1 1
=
R2 3
OR
Electron
8. Energy gap should lie in the range 1.8 −
2.8 eV
OR
i. Decreases
ii. Increases
9.
i. Energy gap between 1.8 eV to 1.1 eV
ii. High optical absorption
10. Zero in both cases
11. (a)
12. (c)
13. (d)
14. (d)
15.
i. (d) Curved path
ii. ( ) None of these
Sample Question Papers 85

iii. (b) Increases

iv. (d) 16: 1 21. e = Bvl
v. (c) Decreases Put values
16. e = 1 volt
e
i. 1=
R
ii. C
I = 0.2 A
iii.
22. For central maxima at a point ‘B’ on screen
iv. C
SS1 + S1B = SS2 + S2B
v. C
If OB = y
17. Voltmeter 0.6 V will have greater resistance dy
SS1 − SS2 = S2B − S1B =
correct reason D
18. Diagram λ dy
=
4 D
Derivation
Dλ
OR y= = OB
4d
i. . 23. Diagram
Working
24. Definition
Max = poles
Min = equator
OR
Formula
Calculation
Answer (60 )
ii. .
25. Diagram
Any two advantages
26.
i. Decreases with reason
ii. Decreases with reason
iii. Decreases with reason
27.
19. Wab = q(Vb − Va) i. Shift towards B with reason
Va = Vb
ii. No shift + reason
Wab = 0
iii. No null point + reason
OR
OR
Va − Vb 7
i2 = A,
13
Va − Vb = Negative (with reason)
2
20. Circuit i1 = A
13
Working i3 = A (With proper application of
V − I graph
Kirchhoff’s law)
86 Vinesh Xact Sample Papers in Physics–XII

28.
a. Statement
Proof
b. Formula
Calculation
Answer (2: 1)
29. Correct calculation of value of n
Correct calculation wavelength of first
member of Lyman series = 122 nm
Correct calculation wavelength of first
member of Balmer series = 656 nm
30.
a. Formula
Calculation of mass defect (delta
m = 0.00456 u)
Energy released = 4.25 MeV
b. Mass number = 182
Atomic number = 72
31.
a. At point A, σ/2εo towards plate A
b. At point B, 3σ/2εo towards plate B
Correct answer
Correct answer
Correct answer
OR
Correct definition
Correct derivation
Potential energy = −4J
32. Diagram
Derivation
Graph
Impedance at resonance
OR
a. Definition
Derivation
b. Correct derivation
33.
a. Ray diagram
Derivation
b. Calculation for radius (22 cm)
OR
a. Ray diagram
Formula
b. Numerical (magnification = 24,
separation 150 cm)