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SECTION A

1 Which equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid is
correct?
A Na2CO3(s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(I)
B Na2CO3(s) + HCl (aq) → Na2Cl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(I)
C Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(I)
D Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(I)

2 Three chemicals, P, Q and R, were each dissolved in water. The table shows some of the
reactions of these solutions.

The pH of the three solutions was also measured.

What are the correct pH values of these solutions?

3 The oxide of element X forms a solution with pH 4.

The oxide of element Y forms a solution that turns Universal Indicator blue.
Which row correctly classifies elements X and Y?

4 Which two processes are involved in the preparation of magnesium sulphate from dilute
sulphuric acid and an excess of magnesium oxide?

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A neutralisation and filtration

B neutralisation and oxidation
C thermal decomposition and filtration
D thermal decomposition and oxidation

5 Which statement about aqueous sodium hydroxide is correct?

A When it is added to a solution containing sulphate ions, a white precipitate is formed.
B When it is added to a solution of copper (II) ions, a blue precipitate is formed which
dissolves in excess to give deep blue solution.
C When it is added to a solution of iron (II) ions, a green precipitate is formed which
does not dissolve in excess.
D When it is added to ammonium chloride, a gas is produced which turns blue litmus
red.
6 The diagram shows the soil pH range over which a vegetable grows well.
The pH of the soil to be used is 5.5.

Why is lime added to the soil before planting the vegetable?

A The lime acts as a catalyst.
B The lime changes the soil acidity.
C The lime is an indicator.
D The lime supplies nitrogen.

7 A white solid is insoluble in water.

When it is added to hydrochloric acid, bubbles of gas are formed.
Adding aqueous ammonia to the solution formed gives a white precipitate. Adding excess
aqueous ammonia causes the precipitate to re-dissolve.
What is the white solid?
A aluminium nitrate
B ammonium nitrate
C calcium carbonate
D zinc carbonate
8 Which property is not characteristic of a base?
A It reacts with a carbonate to form carbon dioxide.
B It reacts with an acid to form a salt.

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C It reacts with an ammonium salt to form ammonia.

D It turns universal indicator paper blue.

9 Four stages in the preparation of a salt from an acid and a solid metal oxide are listed.
1 Add excess solid.
2 Evaporate half the solution and leave to cool.
3 Filter to remove unwanted solid.
4 Heat the acid.
In which order should the stages be carried out?
A 1→3→4→2
B 2→1→3→4
C 4→1→3→2
D 4→2→1→3

10 Zinc sulphate is a soluble salt and can be prepared by reacting excess zinc carbonate
with dilute sulphuric acid.
Which piece of equipment would not be required in the preparation of zinc sulphate
crystals?
A beaker
B condenser
C evaporating dish
D filter funnel

11 The diagram shows the change from an anhydrous salt to its hydrated form.

Which statement is correct?

A forward reaction requires heat and water
B forward reaction requires water only
C reverse reaction requires heat and water
D reverse reaction requires water only
12 Which substance is the most acidic?

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13 The positions of elements W, X, Y and Z in the Periodic Table are shown.

Which elements form basic oxides?

A W, X and Y
B W and X only
C Y only
D Z only

14 How many different salts could be made from a supply of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute
hydrochloric acid, copper, magnesium oxide and zinc carbonate?
A 3
B 4
C 5
D 6
15 The graph shows how the pH of soil in a field changes over time.
At which point was the soil neutral?

16 The formulae of compounds W, X and Y are shown.

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W CuSO4.5H2O
X MgSO4.7H2O
Y Cu(NO3)2.6H2O
Which statement is correct?
A W contains twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms.
B X contains the most oxygen atoms.
C Y contains the most hydrogen atoms.
D Y contains the same number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

17 Which are properties of an acid?

1 reacts with ammonium sulphate to form ammonia
2 turns red litmus blue

18 Which of the following are properties of the oxides of non-metals?

19 Compound X is tested and the results are shown in the table.

Which ions are present in compound X?

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A ammonium ions and carbonate ions

B ammonium ions and chloride ions
C calcium ions and carbonate ions
D calcium ions and chloride ions

20 An aqueous solution Y contains both barium ions and silver ions.

In separate experiments, dilute sulphuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid are added to
solution Y.
Which of these acids causes a precipitate to form in solution Y?

The graph shows how the pH of a solution changes as an acid is added to an alkali.
acid + alkali → salt + water
Which letter represents the area of the graph where both acid and salt are present?

Phosphorus is an element in Group V of the Periodic Table.

It burns in air to form an oxide, which dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH of 1.

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Which row describes this oxide of phosphorus?

The apparatus shown is used to prepare aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

Four different solutions are separately tested with blue litmus and with methyl orange. Each
solution is known to be either acidic or alkaline. The results are shown.

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Which statement is correct?

A Solutions 1 and 4 are acidic.
B Solutions 1 and 2 are alkaline.
C Solutions 3 and 4 are alkaline.
D Solutions 3 and 4 are acidic.

The equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute sulfuric acid is shown.
The Mr of MgSO4 is 120.
Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Which mass of magnesium sulfate is formed when 12 g of magnesium completely reacts
with
dilute sulfuric acid?
A 5 g B 10 g C 60 g D 120 g
Which methods are suitable for preparing both zinc sulfate and copper(II) sulfate?
1 reacting the metal oxide with warm dilute aqueous sulfuric acid
2 reacting the metal with dilute aqueous sulfuric acid
3 reacting the metal carbonate with dilute aqueous sulfuric acid
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

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SECTION B

1 Magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride.

MgCO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
A student used 50.00 cm3 of 2.00 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid in an experiment to
Produce magnesium chloride.
(a) (i) Calculate the number of moles of HCl present in 50.00 cm3 of 2.00 mol/dm3
HCl.

.............................. mol [2]

(ii) Determine the number of moles of MgCO3 which would react with 50.00
cm3 of 2.00 mol/dm3 HCl.

.............................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of MgCO3.

Mr of MgCO3 = .............................. [1]

(iv) Calculate the mass of MgCO3 needed to react exactly with 50.00 cm3 of
2.00 mol/dm3 HCl.

mass = .............................. g [2]

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(b) A student prepares crystals of magnesium chloride by adding an excess of

magnesium carbonate to 50.00 cm3 of 2.00 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.
The student filters the mixture and rinses the residue.
(i) Why does the student add an excess of magnesium carbonate?
...................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) How does the student know that the reaction is complete?
……………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(iii) Why does the student rinse the residue?
..................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Describe how the student would obtain pure crystals of magnesium chloride
from the filtrate.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
……................................................................................................................ [3]
2 Silver chloride, AgCl, is insoluble. It can be made by a precipitation reaction using two
soluble salts, including a suitable aqueous silver salt.
(i) What is meant by the term precipitate?
.................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Name two suitable salts that can be used to prepare silver chloride.
……………………………………… and ……………………………………………. [2]
Construct a balanced chemical equation, with state symbols to show the
formation of insoluble silver chloride from the salts you have named.
…………………………………………………………………………………..……… [3]
(iii) Describe how a student would obtain pure sample silver chloride which is
insoluble in water.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………….…… [3]
3 Give 2 applications of acid – base reactions in daily life
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………………………………………………………. [2]

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4 The question is concerned about types of oxides

aluminium oxide, Al2O3
calcium oxide, CaO
carbon dioxide, CO2
carbon monoxide, CO
magnesium oxide, MgO
sulphur dioxide, SO2
(a) Which of the above oxides will react hydrochloric acid but not with aqueous
sodium hydroxide?
(b) Which of the above oxides will react aqueous sodium hydroxide, but not with
hydrochloric acid?
(c) Which of the above oxides will react with both hydrochloric acid and with aqueous
sodium hydroxide?
(d) Which of the above oxides will react neither with hydrochloric acid nor with
aqueous sodium hydroxide?

This question is about reactions of bases and acids.

(a) Ammonia is a gas at room temperature.
What is the test for ammonia gas? Describe the positive result of this test.
test ......................................................................................................................................
........
result ...................................................................................................................................
........
[2]
(b) Ammonia reacts with water to form ions.
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH–
(i) How does this equation show that ammonia, NH3, behaves as a base?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Aqueous ammonia is described as a weak base.
Suggest the pH of aqueous ammonia.
pH = .............................. [1]
(iii) Describe what is seen when aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous copper(II)
sulfate,
until no further change is seen.

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.............................................................................................................................................
.
.............................................................................................................................................
.
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
(c) Aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq), is a strong alkali that reacts with dilute
sulfuric acid
exothermically.
(i) What type of reaction is this?
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Complete the equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide and
dilute
sulfuric acid.
2NaOH + H2SO4 → ......................... + .........................
[2]
(d) A student wanted to find the concentration of some dilute sulfuric acid by titration.
The student
found that 25.0 cm3 of 0.0400 mol / dm3 NaOH(aq) reacted exactly with 20.0 cm3 of
H2SO4(aq).
(i) Name a suitable indicator to use in this titration.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Calculate the concentration of the H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm3 using the following steps.
●● Calculate the number of moles of NaOH in 25.0 cm3.
moles = ..............................
●● Deduce the number of moles of H2SO4 that reacted with the 25.0 cm3 of NaOH(aq).
moles = ..............................
●● Calculate the concentration of H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm3.
concentration = .............................. mol / dm3
[3]
(iii) Calculate the concentration of the 0.0400 mol / dm3 NaOH(aq) in g / dm3.
concentration = .............................. g / dm3 [2]

25.0 cm3 of W is transferred into a conical flask. A few drops of methyl

orange indicator are added to the conical flask

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5 A student determines the concentration of dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) by titrating

the
acid against 25.0 cm3 portions of 0.1 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.
Methyl orange indicator was used.

(a) What is the colour of methyl orange in sodium hydroxide solution?

…………………………………………………………….
………………………………… [1]

(b) The diagrams show burettes at the start and at the end of three titrations.

(i) Complete the table to show the volume of sulphuric acid.

Titration number 1 2 3

Final reading/ cm3

Initial reading/cm3

Volume of acid used/ cm3

Tick the best results (✓)

[6]

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(ii) Using the ticked values, calculate the average volume Vav of the acid used.

Vav=…………………….. cm3 [1]

(iii) Calculate the number of moles of 25.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide.

Number of moles of hydroxide=……………cm3 [2]

6 Some tests are made to identify solid P and solution Q.

Table below shows the tests, observations and conclusions.
Complete the table.
Tests Observations Conclusions

(a) Solution Q is divided into two

portions.

A blue litmus paper is dipped Blue litmus paper turns red ………………………………………

into one portion of solution Q. ………………………………………

…………………………… …….. [1]

(b) A few drops of acidified

barium nitrate solution are ………………………………………. Sulphate ion, SO42- present in

added to another portion of ....................................................... solution Q.

solution Q. ...................................................[2]

(c) Solid P is dissolved in solution

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Q. Production of bubbles
The gas produced is tested
Lime water turns milky Solid P contains
with lime water.
………………………………………

…………………………………... [1]

(d) To portion of a mixture from (c)

add:

(i)…………………... ……………………………………….

…………………………………... .................................................. [1]

[1] Zn2+ or Ca2+ are suspected

……………………………………….

(ii) .................................................. [1]

……………………………………

……………...[1] Ca2+ present.

(e) Identify solid P and solution Q.

Solid P …………………………………………………………………………………..
Solution Q …………………………………………………………………………… [2]

Acids, Bases and Salts Chemistry Kelaotswe