1242 Magnetism

Chapter
22
Magnetism
The molecular theory of magnetism was given by Weber

and modified later by Ewing. According to this theory.

Every molecule of a substance is a complete magnet in

itself. However, in an magnetic substance the molecular

magnets are randomly oriented to give net zero magnetic (1) Directive properties : When a magnet suspended freely

moment. On magnetising, the molecular magnets are realigned it stays in the earth’s N-S direction (in magnetic meridian).

in a specific direction leading to a net magnetic moment. Magnetic axis

N
S
Magnetic meridian
Fig. 22.3

(A) Unmagnetised (B) Magnetised (2) Monopole concept : If a magnet is Broken into number
Fig. 22.1
of pieces, each piece becomes a magnet. This in turn implies

that monopoles do not exist. (i.e., ultimate individual unit of

Bar Magnet magnetism in any magnet is called dipole).
A bar magnet consist of two equal and opposite magnetic
S N
pole separated by a small distance. Poles are not exactly at the

ends. The shortest distance between two poles is called effective S N S N S N

length (Le) and is less than its geometric length (Lg). for bar Fig. 22.4
2R
magnet Le = 2l and Le = (5/6) Lg. for semi circular magnet
S N S N
Lg  R and LeL =2 2Rl (3) For two rods as shown, if both the rods attract in figure
e

Lg (A) and doesn’t attract in figure (B) then, Q is a magnetic and P

(A) Bar magnet (B) Semicircular magnet
Fig. 22.2 is simple iron rod. Repulsion is sure test of magnetism.
 Magnetism 1243
length as well as perpendicular to the length simultaneously as
P Q
shown in the figure then
Q P
(A) (B)
b
Fig. 22.5 b

L
(4) Pole strength (m) : The strength of a magnetic pole to L
Fig. 22.8
attract magnetic materials towards itself is known as pole

strength.
L b
Length of each part L'  , breadth of each part b ' 
(i) It is a scalar quantity. n n
w m
(ii) Pole strength of N and S pole of a magnet is , Mass of each part w '  , pole strength of each part m '  ,
n n
conventionally represented by +m and –m respectively. m L M
Magnetic moment of each part M '  m ' L'   
n n n
(iii) It's SI unit is amp × m or N/Tesla and dimensions are
If initially moment of inertia of bar magnet about the axes
[LA].
passing from centre and perpendicular to it’s length is
(iv) Pole strength of the magnet depends on the nature of
 L2  b 2 
I  w   then moment of inertia of each part I'  I
material of magnet and area of cross section. It doesn't depends  n2
 12 
upon length.
S N
SS NN S N (7) Cutting of a thin bar magnet : For thin magnet b = 0 so
S A – more N
SS A – less NN
S N SS NN
S N SS
S m – more N m – less N
L' 
L w
, w'  , m ' 
m I
, I'  3
(B) n n n n
(A)
Fig. 22.6 Various Terms Related to Magnetism
(1) Magnetic field and magnetic lines of force : Space

around a magnetic pole or magnet or current carrying wire

(5) Magnetic moment or magnetic dipole moment (M ) : It within which it's effect can be experienced is defined as

represents the strength of magnet. Mathematically it is defined as magnetic field. Magnetic field can be represented with the help

the product of the strength of either pole and effective length. i.e. of a set of lines or curves called magnetic lines of force.

M  m(2 l ) –m +m
S N N S S N
L = 2l

Fig. 22.7 M
(A) Isolated north pole (B) Isolated south pole (C) Magnetic dipole
Fig. 22.9

(i) It is a vector quantity directed from south to north.

(ii) It's S.I. unit amp×m2 or N-m / Tesla and dimensions

[AL2]

(6) Cutting of a rectangular bar magnet : Suppose we have (2) Magnetic flux ( ) and flux density (B)
a rectangular bar magnet having length, breadth and mass are
L, b and w respectively if it is cut in n equal parts along the
 1244 Magnetism
(i) The number of magnetic lines of force passing normally and r  Relative permeability of the medium =

through a surface is defined as magnetic flux ( ). It's S.I. unit is B


flux density in material
.
B0 flux density in vacuum
weber (wb) and CGS unit is Maxwell.
(4) Intensity of magnetising field ( H ) (magnetising field) :
Remeber 1 wb = 108 Maxwell.
It is the degree or extent to which a magnetic field can
(ii) When a piece of a magnetic substance is placed in an B
magnetise a substance. Also H  .
external magnetic field the substance becomes magnetised. 

The number of magnetic lines of induction inside a magnetised It's SI unit is

substance crossing unit area normal to their direction is called N N J J
A / m.     It's CGS unit is
m 2  Tesla wb m 3  Tesla m  wb
magnetic induction or magnetic flux density (B). It is a vector
Oersted. Also 1 Oersted = 80 A/m
quantity.
S N (5) Intensity of magnetisation (I) : It is the degree to which a

substance is magnetised when placed in a magnetic field.

Fig. 22.10 It can also be defined as the pole strength per unit cross

sectional area of the substance or the induced dipole moment

per unit volume.

m M
Hence I =  . It is a vector quantity, it's S.I. unit is
A V
It's SI unit is Tesla which is equal to
Amp/m.
wb N J volt  sec
  
m2 amp  m amp  m 2 m2 (6) Magnetic susceptibility (m) : It is the property of the

and CGS unit is Gauss. Remember 1 Tesla = 104 Gauss. substance which shows how easily a substance can be

(3) Magnetic permeability : It is the degree or extent to magnetised. It can also be defined as the ratio of intensity of

which magnetic lines of force can enter a substance and is magnetisation (I) in a substance to the magnetic intensity ( H)
I
denoted by . Or characteristic of a medium which allows applied to the substance, i.e.  m  . It is a scalar quantity
H
magnetic flux to pass through it is called it's permeability. e.g.
with no units and dimensions.
permeability of soft iron is 1000 times greater than that of air.
(7) Relation between permeability and susceptibility : Total

magnetic flux density B in a material is the sum of magnetic flux

In soft iron
In air density in vacuum B 0 produced by magnetising force and
magnetic flux density due to magnetisation of material B m . i.e.
(A) (B)
Fig. 22.11 B  B0  Bm  B   0 H   0 I   0 (H  I)   0 H (1   m ) . Also
 r  (1   m )

Force and Field

Also  =  0  r ; where  0  absolute permeability of air or (1) Coulombs law in magnetism : The force between two

free space = 4  10 7 tesla m / amp. magnetic poles of strength m1 and m2 lying at a distance r is
 Magnetism 1245
m1m 2  (4) Gauss's law in magnetism : Net magnetic flux through
given by F  k . . In S.I. units k  0  10 7 wb / Amp  m ,
r2 4
In CGS units k 1
any closed surface is always zero i.e.  B.ds  0
Earth's Magnetic Field (Terrestrial Magnetism)
(2) Magnetic field
As per the most established theory it is due to the rotation
(i) Magnetic field due to an imaginary magnetic pole (Pole
of the earth where by the various charged ions present in the
F  m
strength m) : Is given by B  also B  0 . 2
m0 4 d molten state in the core of the earth rotate and constitute a

(ii) Magnetic field due to a bar magnet : At a distance r from current.

the centre of magnet Geographic

Magnetic
axis
axis
(a) On axial position
Sm Ng

 2 Mr  2M Equator
Ba  0 2 ; If l<<r then B a  0 3
4 (r  l 2 ) 2 4 r

 e B
Be
g Sg Nm
Equatorial line
Fig. 22.13
 +
S N 
a Ba
2l
 Axial line
M

Fig. 22.12 (1) The magnetic field of earth is similar to one which would

be obtained if a huge magnet is assumed to be buried deep

inside the earth at it's centre.

(2) The axis of rotation of earth is called geographic axis and

0 M the points where it cuts the surface of earth are called geographical
(b) On equatorial position : Be  ; If l <<r ;
4 (r 2  l 2 )3 / 2 poles (Ng, Sg). The circle on the earth's surface perpendicular to
0 M the geographical axis is called equator.
then B e 
4 r 3
(3) A vertical plane passing through the geographical axis is
(c) General position : In general position for a short bar
called geographical meridian.
 M
magnet B g  0 3 (3 cos 2   1)
4 r (4) The axis of the huge magnet assumed to be lying inside

(3) Bar magnet in magnetic field : When a bar magnet is left the earth is called magnetic axis of the earth. The points where
the magnetic axis cuts the surface of earth are called magnetic
free in an uniform magnetic field, if align it self in the directional
poles. The circle on the earth's surface perpendicular to the
field.
magnetic axis is called magnetic equator.
(i) Torque :  = MB sin    M  B
(5) Magnetic axis and Geographical axis don't coincide but
(ii) Work : W  MB(1  cos ) they make an angle of 17.5° with each other.

(iii) Potential energy : U   MB cos    M . B ; ( = Angle (6) Magnetic equator divides the earth into two
made by the dipole with the field) hemispheres. The hemisphere containing south polarity of
 1246 Magnetism
earth's magnetism is called northern hemisphere while the B  B H 2  BV 2

other, the southern hemisphere.

BV
Dividing equation (ii) by equation (i) tan  
(7) The magnetic field of earth is not constant but changes BH

irregularly from place to place on the surface of the earth and Magnetic Maps and Neutral Points
even at a given place it varies with time too. (1) Magnetic maps : Magnetic maps (i.e. Declination, dip and

(8) Direction of earth's magnetic field is from S horizontal component) over the earth vary in magnitude from

(geographical south) to N (geographical north). place to place. It is found that many places have the same value

of magnetic elements. The lines are drawn joining all place on the
Elements of Earth's Magnetic Field
earth having same value of a magnetic element. These lines form
The magnitude and direction of the magnetic field of the
magnetic map.
earth at a place are completely given by certain. quantities

known as magnetic elements. (i) Isogonic lines: These are the lines on the magnetic map
joining the places of equal declination.
(1) Magnetic Declination () : It is the angle between
(ii) Agonic line: The line which passes through places
geographic and the magnetic meridian planes.

having zero declination is called agonic line.
BH N

 oW  oE (iii) Isoclinic lines : These are the lines joining the points of
 
BV
equal dip or inclination.
Geographical B W E
meridian (iv) Aclinic line : The line joining places of zero dip is called
Magnetic
meridian aclinic line (or magnetic equator)
S
(v) Isodynamic lines : The lines joining the points or places
(A) (B)
Fig. 22.14 having the same value of horizontal component of earth's
magnetic field are called isodynamic lines.

(2) Neutral points : A neutral point is a point at which the

Declination at a place is expressed at  o E or  o W
resultant magnetic field is zero. In general the neutral point is
depending upon whether the north pole of the compass needle obtained when horizontal component of earth's field is balanced
lies to the east or to the west of the geographical axis. by the field produced by the magnet.

(2) Angle of inclination or Dip ( ) : It is the angle between Tangent Law

the direction of intensity of total magnetic field of earth and a When a small magnet is
suspended in two uniform magnetic mBH
horizontal line in the magnetic meridian.
BH
fields B and B H which are at right 
mB
(3) Horizontal component of earth's magnetic field (BH) : N
angles to each other, the magnet
B
Earth's magnetic field is horizontal only at the magnetic equator. comes to rest at an angle  with S
mB
At any other place, the total intensity can be resolved into respect to B H .
mBH
Fig. 22.15
horizontal component (BH) and vertical component (BV). In equilibrium
MBH sin  MB sin(90 o   )
Also BH= B cos  ...... (i) and B V  B sin ...... (ii)
 B  B H tan  . This is called tangent law.
By squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii)
Tangent Galvanometer
 Magnetism 1247
It consists of three circular coils of insulated copper wire (1) Tan A position : In this position the magnetometer is set

wound on a vertical circular frame made of nonmagnetic perpendicular to magnetic meridian. So that, magnetic field due
to magnet, is in axial position and perpendicular to earth's field.
material as ebonite or wood. A small magnetic compass needle
 2 Mr  2M
Hence BH tan   0 . 2 2 2 or BH tan   0 . 3
is pivoted at the centre of the vertical circular frame. When the 4 (r  l ) 4 r
coil of the tangent galvanometer is kept in magnetic meridian (2) Tan B position : The arms of magnetometer are set in
and current passes through any of the coil then the needle at magnetic meridian, so that the magnetic field due to magnet is
0 M
the centre gets deflected and comes to an equilibrium position at it's equatorial position. Hence BH tan   . or
4 (r 2  l 2 )3 / 2
under the action of two perpendicular field : one due to 0 M
BH tan   .
4 r 3
horizontal component of earth and the other due to field ( B) set
(3) Comparison of magnetic moments : According to
up by the coil due to current. M tan 1
deflection method 1 
M2 tan  2
Circular coil 3
M 1  d1 
Compass box According to null deflection method  
M 2  d 2 
N
S

Vibration Magnetometer
Terminals
Vibration magnetometer is used for comparison of magnetic
Leveling screws
moments and magnetic fields. This device works on the
Fig. 22.16 principle, that whenever a freely suspended magnet in a uniform

magnetic field, is disturbed fromTorsion

it's equilibrium position, it starts
head
vibrating about the mean position.
 0 ni
In equilibrium B  B H tan θ where B  ; n = number
2r
of turns, r = radius of coil, i = the current to be measured,  =
N S
angle made by needle from the direction of B H in
equilibrium. Fig. 22.18

 0 Ni 2rBH
Hence  B H tan   i = k tan where k  is
2r 0 N
called reduction factor.
Deflection Magnetometer
Time period of oscillation of experimental bar magnet
It's working is based on the principle of tangent law. It (magnetic moment M) in earth's magnetic field (B H ) is given by
consists of a small compass needle, pivoted at the centre of a
I
the formula. T  2 ; where, I  moment of inertia of
circular box. The box is kept in a wooden frame having two MB H
meter scale fitted on it's two arms. Reading of a scale at any wL 2
short bar magnet  (w = mass of bar magnet)
point directly gives the distance of that point from the centre of 12
compass needle. (1) Determination of magnetic moment of a magnet : The
experimental (given) magnet is put into vibration magnetometer
0o
90o 90o and it's time period T is determined. Now
0o
I 4 2 I
T  2 M 
MB H B H .T 2
Fig. 22.17
 1248 Magnetism
(2) Comparison of horizontal components of earth's (5) To find the ratio of magnetic field : Suppose it is
magnetic field at two places required to find the ratio
B
where B is the field created by
BH
I
T  2 ; since I and M of the magnet are constant, magnet and BH is the horizontal component of earth's magnetic
MB H
field.
1 (B ) T2
So T 2   H 1  22 B
BH (B H ) 2 T1 To determine a primary (main) magnet is made to first
BH
(3) Comparison of magnetic moment of two magnets of oscillate in earth's magnetic field (BH) alone and it's time period
same size and mass
of oscillation (T) is noted.
I
T  2 ; Here I and BH are constants. I
M .B H T  2 BH
M BH
1 M1 T2
So M    22 1 M BH M N S
and frequency  
2
T M2 T1
2 I Fig. 22.21
(4) Comparison of magnetic moments by sum and
Now a secondary magnet placed near the primary magnet
difference method
S N
M1 so primary magnet oscillate in a new field with is the resultant of
Sum position S N M2 B and BH and now time period, is noted again.
Fig. 22.19
Net magnetic moment Ms = M1 + M2 I
T '  2
M (B  B H ) BH
Net moment of inertia Is = I1 + I2
Pri. Sec.
Time period of oscillation of this pair in earth's magnetic field 1 M (B  B H )
or  '  N S N S
2 I
(BH) d

B  ' 
2 Fig. 22.22
Is I1  I 2     1
Ts  2  2 ....(i) BH   
M s BH (M 1  M 2 )B H
Magnetic Materials
1 (M1  M 2 )BH
Frequency  s  On the basis of mutual interactions or behaviour of various
2 Is
materials in an external magnetic field, the materials are divided
Difference position in three main categories.
M2 N S (1) Diamagnetic materials : Diamagnetism is the intrinsic
Net magnetic moment
S N M1
property of every material and it is generated due to mutual
Md = M1 + M2 Fig. 22.20
interaction between the applied magnetic field and orbital
Net moment of inertia Id = I1 + I2 motion of electrons.

(2) Paramagnetic materials : In these substances the inner

Id I1  I 2
and Td  2  2 ....(ii)
M d BH (M 1  M 2 )B H orbits of atoms are incomplete. The electron spins are

uncoupled, consequently on applying a magnetic field the

1 (M 1  M 2 ) B H
and  d  . From equation (i) and (ii) we
2 (I1  I 2 ) magnetic moment generated due to spin motion align in the

get direction of magnetic field and induces magnetic moment in its

Ts M1  M 2 M1 T 2  Ts2  s2   d2 direction due to which the material gets feebly magnetised. In

   d2 
Td M1  M 2 M2 Td  Ts2  s2   d2 these materials the electron number is odd.
 Magnetism 1249
(5) Curie temperature (Tc) : The temperature above which a
ferromagnetic material behaves like a paramagnetic material is
defined as Curie temperature (Tc).

or

The minimum temperature at which a ferromagnetic

(A) (B)
When no field is applied
substance is converted into paramagnetic substance is defined
On application of field (B)
as Curie temperature. For various ferromagnetic materials its
Fig. 22.23
values are different, e.g. for Ni, TC Ni  358 o C for Fe,
TCFe  770 C
o

for CO, TCCO  1120 o C

(3) Ferromagnetic materials : In some materials, the
At this temperature the ferromagnetism of the substances
permanent atomic magnetic moments have strong tendency to
suddenly vanishes.
align themselves even without any external field.
(6) Curie-weiss law : At temperatures above Curie
These materials are called ferromagnetic materials.
temperature the magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnetic
In every unmagnetised ferromagnetic material, the atoms 
materials is inversely proportional to (T – Tc)
form domains inside the material. Different domains, however,
1
have different directions of magnetic moment and hence the i.e.  
T  Tc
materials remain unmagnetised. On applying an external
C
  TC T
magnetic field, these domains rotate and align in the direction of (T  Tc )
Fig. 22.25
magnetic field. Here Tc = Curie temperature

-T curve is shown (for Curie-Weiss Law)

Hysteresis Curve

For ferromagnetic

materials, by removing external I or (B)

C B
(A) Unmagnetised (B) Magnetised magnetic field i.e. H = 0. The A
Fig. 22.24 magnetic moment of some
D O G H
domains remain aligned in the
F
applied direction of previous E
(4) Curie Law : The magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic magnetising field which results Fig. 22.26
substances is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature
into a residual magnetism.
1 C
i.e.      ; where C = Curie constant, T = absolute
T T
The lack of retracibility as shown in figure is called
temperature.
hysteresis and the curve is known as hysteresis loop.
On increasing temperature, the magnetic susceptibility of
paramagnetic materials decreases and vice versa.
(1) Retentivity : When H is reduced, I reduces but is not
The magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnetic substances
zero when H = 0. The remainder value OC of magnetisation
does not change according to Curie law.
when H = 0 is called the residual magnetism or retentivity.
 1250 Magnetism
The property by virtue of which the magnetism ( I) remains I
I
in a material even on the removal of magnetising field is called

Retentivity or Residual magnetism. H

H

(2) Corecivity or corecive force : When magnetic field H is

reversed, the magnetisation decreases and for a particular

value of H, denoted by Hc, it becomes zero i.e., Hc = OD when I

= 0. This value of H is called the corecivity.

The area of hysteresis loop is The area of hysteresis loop is
Magnetic hard substance (steel)  High corecvity
less (low energy loss) large (high energy loss)

Magnetic soft substance (soft iron)  Low corecivity Less relativity and corecive More retentivity and corecive

force force
(3) When field H is further increased in reverse direction,

the intensity of magnetisation attains saturation value in reverse Magnetic permeability is high Magnetic permeability is less

direction (i.e. point E) I and  both are high I and  both are low

(4) When H is decreased to zero and changed direction in It magnetised and Magnetisation and

steps, we get the part EFGB. demagnetised easily demagnetisation is not easy

Used in dynamo, transformer, Used for making permanent

Thus complete cycle of magnetisation and demagnetisation
electromagnet tape recorder magnet.
is represented by BCDEFGB. This curve is known as hysteresis
and tapes etc.
curve

Table 22.1 : Comparison between soft iron and steel

Soft iron Steel

Table 22.2 : Comparative study of magnetic materials

Property Diamagnetic substances Paramagnetic substances Ferromagnetic substances

Cause of magnetism Orbital motion of electrons Spin motion of electrons Formation of domains

Explanation of magnetism On the basis of orbital motion of On the basis of spin and orbital On the basis of domains formed

electrons motion of electrons

Behaviour In a non-uniform These are repelled in an external These are feebly attracted in an These are strongly attracted in

magnetic field magnetic field i.e. have a external magnetic field i.e., have an external magnetic field i.e.

tendency to move from high to a tendency to move from low to they easily move from low to

low field region. high field region high field region

Pushed up Pulled in Very

strong pull

N S N S N S
 Magnetism 1251

State of magnetisation These are weekly magnetised in These get weekly magnetised in These get strongly magnetised

a direction opposite to that of the direction of applied magnetic in the direction of applied

applied magnetic field field magnetic field

When the material in the form of Liquid level in that limb gets Liquid level in that limb rises up Liquid level in that limb rises up

liquid is filled in the U-tube and depressed very much

placed between pole pieces.

N S N S N S

Liquid Liquid Liquid

On placing the gaseous materials The gas expands at right angles The gas expands in the direction The gas rapidly expands in the
between pole pieces to the magnetic field. of magnetic field. direction of magnetic field

The value of magnetic induction B B < B0 (where B0 is the magnetic B > B0 B >> B0
induction in vacuum)

Magnetic susceptibility  Low and negative ||  1 Low but positive   1 Positive and high   102

Dependence of  on temperature Does not depend on temperature On cooling, these get converted These get converted into

(except Bi at low temperature) to ferromagnetic materials at paramagnetic materials at Curie

Curie temperature temperature

  

T T TC T

Relative r < 1 r > 1  r >> 1

permeability ( r)  r = 102

Intensity of magnetisation ( I) I is in a direction opposite to that of H I is in the direction of H but value I is in the direction of H and
and its value is very low is low value is very high.

I-H curves
+I Is

H
–I H Hs H
 1252 Magnetism
Magnetic moment ( M) Very low ( 0) Very low Very high

Examples Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Bi, Sb, NaCl, Al, Mn, Pt, Na, CuCl2, O2 and Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Fe3O4 etc.

H2O air and diamond etc. crown glass

magnetic field B, the kinetic energy will decrease by 2 MB.

 Intensity of magnetisation (I) is produced in materials

due to spin motion of electrons.

 For protecting a sensitive equipment from the external

magnetic field it should be placed inside an iron cane.
(magnetic shielding)
eh
 Bohr magneton  B   9.27×10–24 A/m2 . It serves as
4m
B=0
natural unit of magnetic moment. Bohr magneton can be defined

as the orbital magnetic moment of an electron circulating in inner

most orbit.

 Magnetic moment of straight current carrying wire is

zero.
 Apparent dip : In a vertical plane inclined at an angle  to
 Magnetic moment of toroid is zero the magnetic meridian, vertical component of earth's

 Atoms which have paired electron have the magnetic magnetic field remains unchanged while in the new inclined
Magnetic meridian
BH
moment zero. plane horizontal component B' H  B H cos
 
 BH cos

 Magnetostriction : The length of an iron bar changes  '  apparent angle of dip
B
when it is magnetised, when an iron bar magnetised it's BV BV BV
and tan  '  
BH' BH cos 
length increases due to alignment of spins parallel to the Inclined plane

field. This increase is in the direction of magnetisation. This tan 

 tan  ' 
cos 
effect is known as magnetostriction.
 If at any place the angle of dip is  and magnetic latitude
 A current carrying solenoid can be treated as the
is  then tan  = 2tan
arrangement of small magnetic dipoles placed in line with
each other as shown. The number of such small magnetic  At the poles and equator of earth the values of total
dipoles is equal to the number of turns in the solenoid. intensity are 0.66 and 0.33 Oersted respectively.

 Remember time period of oscillation in difference

  S N position is greater than that in sum position Td > Ts .

 If a rectangular bar magnet is cut in n equal parts then

1
time period of each part will be times that of complete
 When a magnetic dipole of moment M moves from n
T T
unstable equilibrium to stable equilibrium position in a magnet (i.e. T '  ) while for short magnet T '  . If
n n
 Magnetism 1253
nothing is said then bar magnet is treated as short magnet . 0 M 0 M
(c)  (d) 
2 d 3 2 d 2
 Suppose a magnetic needle is vibrating in earth’s
4. A magnet is placed in iron powder and then taken out,
magnetic field. With temperature rise M decreases hence
then maximum iron powder is at
time period (T) increases but at 770oC (Curie temperature) it
stops vibrating. (a) Some away from north pole

 An iron cored coil and a bulb are connected in series (b) Some away from south pole

with an ac generator. If an iron rod is introduced inside a coil, (c) The middle of the magnet
then the intensity of bulb will decrease, because some energy (d) The end of the magnet
lost in magnetising the rod.
5. A magnet of magnetic moment M and pole strength m is
 Hysteresis energy loss = Area bound by the hysteresis divided in two equal parts, then magnetic moment of each
loop = VAnt Joule; Where , V = Volume of ferromagnetic
part will be [MP Board 1985; MP PET 1984, 2000;
sample, A = Area of B – H loop P, n = Frequency of
NCERT 1974; AFMC 1996; MP PMT 2002;
alternating magnetic field and t = Time
MH CET (Med.) 2001; CPMT 1983, 84; KCET 1994, 2001]

(a) M (b) M / 2

(c) M / 4 (d) 2 M

6. Points A and B are situated along the extended axis of 2

Magnet and it's Properties cm long bar magnet at a distance x and 2x cm
respectively. From the pole nearer to the points, the ratio
1. An iron rod of length L and magnetic moment M is bent in
of the magnetic field at A and B will be [EAMCET 1984; CPMT 1986]
the form of a semicircle. Now its magnetic moment will be
(a) 4 : 1 exactly (b) 4 : 1 approx.
[CPMT 1984; MP Board 1986; NCERT 1975;
(c) 8 : 1 exactly (d) 8 : 1 approx.
MP PET/PMT 1988; EAMCET (Med.) 1995;

Manipal MEE 1995;RPMT 1996; BHU 1995; MP PET 2002] 7. If a magnet of pole strength m is divided into four parts
2M such that the length and width of each part is half that of
(a) M (b)

initial one, then the pole strength of each part will be
M
(c) (d) M
 (a) m / 4 (b) m / 2
2. Unit of magnetic flux density (or magnetic induction) is (c) m / 8 (d) 4 m
[DPMT 1988;CPMT 1984, 78, 90;
8. The distance of two points on the axis of a magnet from
MP PMT 1992; MH CET 2004]
its centre is 10 cm and 20 cm respectively. The ratio of
(a) Tesla (b) Weber/metre2
magnetic intensity at these points is 12.5 : 1. The length
(c) Newton/ampere-metre (d) All of the above
of the magnet will be
3. Magnetic intensity for an axial point due to a short bar
(a) 5 cm (b) 25 cm
magnet of magnetic moment M is given by
(c) 10 cm (d) 20 cm
[MP PET 1984; CPMT 1974; Pb. PMT 1999]
9. Ratio of magnetic intensities for an axial point and a point
0 M 0 M
(a)  (b)  on broad side-on position at equal distance d from the
4 d 3 4 d 2
centre of magnet will be or The magnetic field at a
 1254 Magnetism
distance d from a short bar magnet in longitudinal and

transverse positions are in the ratio [CPMT 1978, 82; KCET 1998]

(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 3

(c) 2 : 1 (d) 3 : 2
 Magnetism 1251

10. The magnetism of magnet is due to [JIPMER 1997] (a) R2 (b) R3

(a) The spin motion of electron (c) 1 / R 2 (d) 1 / R 3
(b) Earth 20. A uniform magnetic field, parallel to the plane of the paper existed
(c) Pressure of big magnet inside the earth in space initially directed from left to right. When a bar of soft iron
is placed in the field parallel to it, the lines of force passing through
(d) Cosmic rays it will be represented by
11. The pole strength of a bar magnet is 48 ampere-metre and the [CPMT 1986, 88]
distance between its poles is 25 cm. The moment of the couple by
which it can be placed at an angle of 30 with the uniform magnetic
o

intensity of flux density 0.15 Newton /ampere-metre will be

(a) 12 Newton × metre (b) 18 Newton × metre
(c) 0.9 Newton × metre (d) None of the above
(A) (B)
12. The magnetic field at a point x on the axis of a small bar magnet is
equal to the field at a point y on the equator of the same magnet.
The ratio of the distances of x and y from the centre of the magnet
is [MP PMT 1990]

(a) 2 3 (b) 2 1 / 3

(c) 23 (d) 21 / 3 (C) (D)

(a) Figure (A) (b) Figure (B)
13. A magnet of magnetic moment 20 C.G.S. units is freely suspended in
a uniform magnetic field of intensity 0.3 C.G.S. units. The amount of (c) Figure (C) (d) Figure (D)
work done in deflecting it by an angle of 30 in C.G.S. units is
o
21. The figure
[MP below shows the north and south poles of a permanent
PET 1991]
magnet in which n turn coil of area of cross-section A is resting,
(a) 6 (b) 3 3 such that for a current i passed through the coil, the plane of the
(c) 3(2  3) (d) 3 coil makes an angle  with respect to the direction of magnetic field
B. If the plane of the magnetic field and the coil are horizontal and
14. A bar magnet having centre O has a length of 4 cm. Point P is in
the broad side-on and P is in the end side-on position with OP =
1
vertical respectively, the torque on the coil will be
2 1

OP = 10 metres. The ratio of magnetic intensities H at P and P is [MP PET 1990] [CPMT 1986, 88; DPMT 2002]
2 1 2

(a) H 1 : H 2  16 : 100 (b) H1 : H 2  1 : 2

(c) H1 : H 2  2 : 1 (d) H 1 : H 2  100 : 16
N S
15. The magnetic field due to a short magnet at a point on its axis at Coil
distance X cm from the middle point of the magnet is 200 Gauss.
The magnetic field at a point on the neutral axis at a distance X cm
from the middle of the magnet is (a)   niABcos 
[CPMT 1971, 88; MP PET 1985] (b)   niAB sin
(a) 100 Gauss (b) 400 Gauss (c)   niAB
(d) None of the above, since the magnetic field is radial
(c) 50 Gauss (d) 200 Gauss
22. Points A and B are situated perpendicular to the axis of a 2 cm long
16. Which of the following, the most suitable material for making bar magnet at large distances X and 3X from its centre on opposite
permanent magnet is sides. The ratio of the magnetic fields at A and B will be
(a) Steel (b) Soft iron approximately equal to [CPMT 1988]
(a) 1 : 9 (b) 2 : 9
(c) Copper (d) Nickel (c) 27 : 1 (d) 9 : 1
17. In the case of bar magnet, lines of magnetic induction 23. Two short magnets with their axes horizontal and perpendicular to
[CPMT 1975; CBSE PMT 1990] the magnetic meridian are placed with their centres 40 cm east and
(a) Start from the north pole and end at the south pole 50 cm west of magnetic needle. If the needle remains undeflected,
(b) Run continuously through the bar and outside the ratio of their magnetic moments M 1 : M 2 is [MP PET 1990]

(c) Emerge in circular paths from the middle of the bar (a) 4 : 5 (b) 16 : 25
(d) Are produced only at the north pole like rays of light from a
bulb (c) 64 : 125 (d) 2 : 5
18. A sensitive magnetic instrument can be shielded very effectively 24. If a bar magnet of magnetic moment M is freely suspended in a
from outside magnetic fields by placing it inside a box of uniform[CPMT 1974]field of strength B, the work done in rotating the
magnetic
(a) Teak wood magnet through an angle  is
(b) Plastic material [AFMC 1997; MNR 1998; RPET 1999; MP PMT 1989, 96, 99; MP PET 1984, 89,
(c) Soft iron of high permeability 2000; UPSEAT 1999, 2000, 05]
(d) A metal of high conductivity (a) MB(1  sin ) (b) MB sin
19. The field due to a magnet at a distance R from the centre of the
magnet is proportional to [MP PET 1996] (c) MB cos  (d) MB(1  cos  )
 1252 Magnetism
25. Two small bar magnets are placed in a line with like poles facing 33. A magnetic needle lying parallel to a magnetic field requires W units
each other at a certain distance d apart. If the length of each magnet of work to turn it through 60°. The torque required to maintain the
is negligible as compared to d, the force between them will be needle in this position will be [
inversely proportional to [AIEEE 2003; UPSEAT 2000; BHU 2004; Pb PET 2004]
[CPMT 1971; NCERT 1971; MP PMT 1992]
(a) 3W (b) W
2
(a) d (b) d
3
1 (c) W (d) 2W
(c) (d) d 4 2
d2 34. A long magnetic needle of length 2L, magnetic moment M and pole
26. A magnet of magnetic moment M is situated with its axis along the strength m units is broken into two pieces at the middle. The
direction of a magnetic field of strength B. The work done in magnetic moment and pole strength of each piece will be [
rotating it by an angle of 180 will be
o

M m m
(a) , (b) M,
[MP PMT 1985; MP PET 1997] 2 2 2
(a)  MB (b)  MB M
(c) ,m (d) M, m
(c) 0 (d) 2 MB 2
27. A long magnet is cut in two parts in such a way that the ratio of 35. Two identical thin bar magnets each of length l and pole strength m
their lengths is 2 : 1. The ratio of pole strengths of both the section are placed at right angle to each other with north pole of one
is [CPMT 1986] touching south pole of the other. Magnetic moment of the system is [
(a) ml (b) 2ml
(a) Equal (b) In the ratio of 2 : 1
1
(c) In the ratio of 1 : 2 (d) In the ratio of 4 : 1 (c) 2 ml (d) ml
2
28. A bar magnet of length 10 cm and having the pole strength equal to
10 weber is kept in a magnetic field having magnetic induction (B)
–3
36. Magnetic induction is a [AFMC 1986]
(a) Scalar quantity (b) Vector quantity
equal to 4  10 3 Tesla. It makes an angle of 30 with the o

direction of magnetic induction. The value of the torque acting on (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above
the magnet is 37. What happens to the force between magnetic poles when their pole
strength and the distance between them are both doubled[CPMT 1978, 80, 84, 85
[MP PMT 1993]
(a) Force increases to two times the previous value
7 5
(a) 2  10 N m (b) 2  10 N m (b) No change
(c) 0.5 N  m (d) 0.5  10 2 N  m (c) Force decreases to half the previous value
(d) Force increases to four times the previous value
(  0  4  10 7 weber / amp  m ) 38. Force between two unit pole strength placed at a distance of one
29. Magnetic field intensity is defined as [MP PET 1993] metre is [CPMT 1987]

(a) Magnetic moment per unit volume 10 7

(a) 1 N (b) N
(b) Magnetic induction force acting on a unit magnetic pole 4
(c) Number of lines of force crossing per unit area (c) 10 7 N (d) 4  10 7 N
(d) Number of lines of force crossing per unit volume 39. A small bar magnet of moment M is placed in a uniform field H. If
30. If the magnetic flux is expressed in weber, then magnetic induction magnet makes an angle of 30° with field, the torque acting on the
can be expressed in magnet is [CPMT 1989]
[CPMT 1974, 77, 83, 86, 87; MP PET 1989] MH
(a) Weber/m 2
(b) Weber/m (a) MH (b)
2
(c) Weber-m (d) Weber-m 2

MH MH
31. A magnetic needle is kept in a non-uniform magnetic field. It (c) (d)
experiences [MP PMT 1987; IIT 1982; 3 4
Kerala PET 2002; AMU 1999; AIEEE 2005] 40. If a hole is made at the centre of a bar magnet, then its magnetic
(a) A force and a torque moment will
(a) Increase (b) Decrease
(b) A force but not a torque
(c) Not change (d) None of these
(c) A torque but not a force
41. The small magnets each of magnetic moment 10 A-m are placed
2

(d) Neither a torque nor a force end-on position 0.1m apart from their centres. The force acting
32. The magnetic induction in air at a distance d from an isolated point between them is [MNR 1994]
pole of strength m unit will be [MNR 1987;
CPMT 1991; MP PET 1995; AMU 1999; J & K CET 2005]
(a) 0.6  10 7 N (b) 0.06  10 7 N
(c) 0.6 N (d) 0.06 N
m m
(a) (b) 42. Magnetic lines of force [MP PET 1994]
d d2 (a) Always intersect
(c) md (d) md 2 (b) Are always closed
(c) Tend to crowd far away from the poles of magnet
 Magnetism 1253
(d) Do not pass through vacuum 52. A permanent magnet [MP PET 1996]
43. Rate of change of torque  with deflection  is maximum for a (a) Attracts all substances
magnet suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field of induction B, (b) Attracts only magnetic substances
when [MP PET 1994]
(c) Attracts magnetic substances and repels all non-magnetic
(a)   0 (b)   45 substances
(c)   60 (d)   90 (d) Attracts non-magnetic substances and repels magnetic
44. A magnet of magnetic moment M is rotated through 360° in a substances
magnetic field H, the work done will be 53. Two equal bar magnets are kept as shown in the figure. The
[KCET 1998; MP PMT 1994; Roorkee 2000] direction of resultant magnetic field, indicated by arrow head at the
(a) MH (b) 2MH point P is (approximately)
(c) 2MH (d) Zero
S
45. The direction of line of magnetic field of bar magnet is
P N
[AFMC 1995] • S
(a) From south pole to north pole N
(b) From north pole to south pole (a) (b)
(c) Across the bar magnet
(c) (d)
(d) From south pole to north pole inside the magnet and from
north pole to south pole outside the magnet 54. The S.I. unit of magnetic permeability is [MP PET 1997]
1
46. The work done in turning a magnet of magnetic moment 'M' by an (a) Am
angle of 90° from the meridian is 'n' times the corresponding work
(b) Am
done to turn it through an angle of 60°, where 'n' is given by[CBSE PMT 1995; MP PET 2003]
(a) 1/2 (b) 2 (c) Henry m 1
(c) 1/4 (d) 1 (d) No unit, it is a dimensionless number
47. Force between two identical bar magnets whose centres are r metre 55. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with a uniform
apart is 4.8 N, when their axes are in the same line. If separation is
external magnetic field of 0.16 Tesla experiences a torque of
increased to 2r, the force between them is reduced to [AIIMS 1995]
magnitude 0.032 Joule. The magnetic moment of the bar magnet will
(a) 2.4N (b) 1.2N be [MP PMT 1997; UPSEAT 2004]
(c) 0.6N (d) 0.3N
(a) 0.23 Joule/Tesla (b) 0.40 Joule/Tesla
48. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 10 J/T is free to rotate in a
4

horizontal plane. The work done in rotating the magnet slowly from (c) 0.80Joule/Tesla (d) Zero
a direction parallel to a horizontal magnetic field of 4×10 T to a
–5

56. The magnetic field to a small magnetic dipole of magnetic moment

direction 60° from the field will be M, at distance r from the centre on the equatorial line is given by
[MP PET 1995] (in M.K.S. system) [MP PMT/PET 1998]
(a) 0.2 J (b) 2.0 J
0 M 0 M
(c) 4.18 J (d) 2 × 10 J (a)  (b) 
4 r 2 4 r 3
2

49. Magnetic lines of force due to a bar magnet do not intersect because [MP PMT 1995]
0 2M 0 2M
(a) A point always has a single net magnetic field (c)  2 (d) 
4 r 4 r3
(b) The lines have similar charges and so repel each other
(c) The lines always diverge from a single point 57. The incorrect statement regarding the lines of force of the magnetic
field B is [MP PET 1999]
(d) The lines need magnetic lenses to be made to intersect
50. The unit of magnetic moment is (a) Magnetic intensity is a measure of lines of force passing
[MP PET 1996; AMU 2000; MP PMT 1995, 2002] through unit area held normal to it
(a) Wb/m (b) W b.m 2 (b) Magnetic lines of force form a close curve

(c) A.m (d) A.m 2 (c) Inside a magnet, its magnetic lines of force move from north
pole of a magnet towards its south pole
51. The dipole moment of a short bar magnet is 1.25 A-m . The magnetic
2

field on its axis at a distance of 0.5metre from the centre of the (d) Due to a magnet magnetic lines of force never cut each
magnet is
other
4
(a) 1.0  10 Newton / amp  meter 58. A straight wire carrying current i is turned into a circular loop. If
2 the magnitude of magnetic moment associated with it in M.K.S. unit
(b) 4  10 Newton / amp  metre
is M, the length of wire will be
(c) 2  10 6 Newton / amp  metre [MP PET 1999]

(d) 6.64  10 8 Newton / amp  metre

 1254 Magnetism

4 M (a) 2 M (b) 2M
(a) 4iM (b)
i (c) 0.5 M (d) M
67. Two like magnetic poles of strength 10 and 40 SI units are separated
4 i M by a distance 30 cm. The intensity of magnetic field is zero on the
(c) (d)
M 4i line joining them [JIPMER 1999]
(a) At a point 10 cm from the stronger pole
59. A bar magnet of magnetic moment M is placed in a magnetic field (b) At a point 20 cm from the stronger pole
of induction B . The torque exerted on it is (c) At the mid-point
[EAMCET (Engg.) 1995; CBSE PMT 1999; BHU 2003; (d) At infinity
CPMT 2004; MP PMT 2001, 05] 68. If a magnet of length 10 cm and pole strength 40 A-m is placed at
an angle of 45 in an uniform induction field of intensity 2  10 T,
o –4

(a) M.B (b) – M.B the couple acting on it is

[Pb. PMT 1999; MH CET (Med.) 1999]
(c) MB (d) B M (a) 0.5656  10 N-m –4
(b) 0.5656  10 N-m –3

60. For protecting a sensitive equipment from the external magnetic (c) 0.656  10 N-m –4
(d) 0.656  10 N-m –5

field, it should be 69. The intensity of magnetic field is H and moment of magnet is M.
[KCET 1993; CBSE PMT 1998] The maximum potential energy is
(a) Placed inside an aluminium cane [Pb. PMT 1999; MH CET (Med.) 1999]
(b) Placed inside an iron cane (a) MH (b) 2 MH
(c) Wrapped with insulation around it when passing current (c) 3 MH (d) 4 MH
through it 70. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 200 A-m is suspended in a
2

(d) Surrounded with fine copper sheet magnetic field of intensity 0.25 N/A-m. The couple required to
61. If a piece of metal was thought to be magnet, which one of the deflect it through 30 is o

following observations would offer conclusive evidence [AFMC 1999; Pb. PET 2000]
[KCET 1994] (a) 50 N-m (b) 25 N-m
(a) It attracts a known magnet (c) 20 N-m (d) 15 N-m
(b) It repels a known magnet 71. Two similar bar magnets P and Q, each of magnetic moment M, are
taken, If P is cut along its axial line and Q is cut along its equatorial
(c) Neither (a) nor (b) line, all the four pieces obtained have [EAMCET (Engg.) 2000]
(d) It attracts a steel screw driver M
62. The magnet can be completely demagnetized by (a) Equal pole strength (b) Magnetic moment
4
[KCET 1994]
M
(a) Breaking the magnet into small pieces (c) Magnetic moment (d) Magnetic moment M
2
(b) Heating it slightly
72. A magnet of magnetic moment 50 ˆi A - m 2 is placed along the x-
(c) Droping it into ice cold water
(d) A reverse field of appropriate strength axis in a magnetic field B  (0.5 ˆi  3.0 ˆj) T . The torque acting on
63. A current loop placed in a magnetic field behaves like a the magnet is
[AFMC 1994] [MP PMT 2000]

(a) Magnetic dipole (b) Magnetic substance (a) 175 kˆ N - m (b) 150 kˆ N - m
(c) Magnetic pole (d) All are true
(c) 75 kˆ N - m (d) 25 37 kˆ N - m
64. A magnet when placed perpendicular to a uniform field of strength
73. A bar magnet is held perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field. If
10 4 W b / m 2 experiences a maximum couple of the couple acting on the magnet is to be halved by rotating it, then
moment 4  10 5 N / m. . What is its magnetic moment the angle by which it is to be rotated is
[Bihar MEE 1995] [CBSE PMT 2000]
(a) 30 o
(b) 45 o

(a) 0.4 A  m 2
(b) 0.2 A  m 2
(c) 60 o
(d) 90 o

(c) 0.16 A  m 2
(d) 0.04 A  m 2 74. There is no couple acting when two bar magnets are placed coaxially
(e) 0.06 A  m 2 separated by a distance because
65. Weber/m is equal to
2
[CPMT 1985; AFMC 1997] [EAMCET (Engg.) 2000]
(a) Volt (b) Henry (a) There are no forces on the poles
(c) Tesla (d) All of these (b) The forces are parallel and their lines of action do not coincide
66. Two magnets, each of magnetic moment ‘M’ are placed so as to (c) The forces are perpendicular to each other
form a cross at right angles to each other. The magnetic moment of (d) The forces act along the same line
the system will be 75. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 3.0 A-m is placed in a 2

[AFMC 1999; Pb PET 2001] uniform magnetic induction field of 2  10 T. If each pole of the
–5
 Magnetism 1255

magnet experiences a force of 6  10 N , the length of the

–4 (b) Parallel to the vertical component of the earth's field
magnet is [EAMCET (Med.) 2000]
(c) At an angle of 33 with respect to the N-S direction
o

(a) 0.5 m (b) 0.3 m

(d) Along the North-South (N-S) direction
(c) 0.2 m (d) 0.1 m
76. A bar magnet when placed at an angle of 30 to the direction of
o
84. Magnetic dipole moment is a [AFMC 2004]
magnetic field induction of 5  10 T, experiences a moment of
–2
(a) Scalar quantity (b) Vector quantity
couple 25  10 N -m. If the length of the magnet is 5 cm its pole
–6

(c) Constant quantity (d) None of these

strength is
[EAMCET (Med.) 2000] 85. A bar magnet of length 3 cm has points A and B along its axis at
distances of 24 cm and 48 cm on the opposite sides. Ratio of
(a) 2  10 A-m
–2
(b) 5  10 A-m –2

magnetic fields at these points will be [DPMT 2004]

(c) 2 A-m (d) 5 A-m
77. Two lines of force due to a bar magnet [MP PMT 2002] A B
S N
(a) Intersect at the neutral point
24 cm 48 cm
(b) Intersect near the poles of the magnet
(c) Intersect on the equatorial axis of the magnet (a) 8 (b) 1 / 2 2
(d) Do not intersect at all
(c) 3 (d) 4
78. The ultimate individual unit of magnetism in any magnet is called [MP PET 2002; J & K CET 2004]
(a) North pole (b) South pole 86. A magnet of magnetic moment 2 J T 1 is aligned in the direction
(c) Dipole (d) Quadrupole of magnetic field of 0.1 T. What is the net work done to bring the
79. The magnetic field lines due to a bar magnet are correctly shown in magnet
[IIT-JEE normal2002]
(Screening) to the magnetic field
[DCE 2004]
(a) N (b) N (a) 0.1 J (b) 0.2 J
(c) 1 J (d) 2 J
87. The magnetic moment of a magnet of length 10 cm and pole
S S strength 4.0 Am will be [DPMT 2003]

(a) 0.4 Am 2 (b) 1.6 Am 2

(c) (d) (c) 20 Am 2 (d) 8.0 Am 2

N N
88. The effective length of a magnet is 31.4 cm and its pole strength is
0.5 Am. The magnetic moment, if it is bent in the form of a
S S semicircle will be [DPMT 2003]

80. The magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet (a) 0.1 Am 2 (b) 0.01 Am 2
[AIEEE 2003]
(c) 0.2 Am 2 (d) 1.2 Am 2
(a) Are from south-pole to north-pole of the magnet
(b) Are from north-pole to south-pole of the magnet 89. The magnetic potential at a point on the axial line of a bar magnet
(c) Do not exist of dipole moment M is V. What is the magnetic potential due to a
M
(d) Depend upon the area of cross-section of the bar magnet bar magnet of dipole moment at the same point
4
81. If a magnet is hanged with its magnetic axis then it stops in
[AFMC 2003] (a) 4V (b) 2 V
(a) Magnetic meridian (b) Geometric meridian V V
(c) (d)
(c) Angle of dip (d) None of these 2 4
82. The work done in rotating a magnet of magnetic moment 2 A-m in 2

90. A small bar magnet has a magnetic moment 1.2 A-m . The magnetic
2

a magnetic field of 5  10 T from the direction along the magnetic

–3

field at a distance 0.1 m on its axis will be : ( = 4  10 T-m/A)

–7

field to opposite direction to the magnetic field, is

0

[MP PET 2003]

(a) 1.2  10 T–4
(b) 2.4  10 T –4

(a) Zero (b) 2  10 J –2

(c) 10 J
–2
(d) 10 J (c) 2.4  10 T 4
(d) 1.2  10 T 4

83. The torque on a bar magnet due to the earth's magnetic field is 91. Two identical short bar magnets, each having magnetic moment of
maximum when the axis of the magnet is 10 Am , are arranged such that their axial lines are perpendicular to
2

each other and their centres be along the same straight line in a
[MP PMT 2004]
horizontal plane. If the distance between their centres is 0.2 m, the
(a) Perpendicular to the field of the earth resultant magnetic induction at a point midway between them is
 1256 Magnetism

(0  4  10 7 Hm 1 ) [EAMCET 2005]

7. At a certain place, the horizontal component of earth's magnetic
field is 3 times the vertical component. The angle of dip at that
(a) 2  10 7 Tesla (b) 5  10 7 Tesla place is [MP PMT 1984, 85; AFMC 2000]

(c) 2  10 3 Tesla (d) 5  10 3 Tesla (a) 60 (b) 45

(c) 90 (d) 30
92. A magnet of length 0.1 m and pole strength 10 4 A.m. is kept in a
8. The vertical component of earth's magnetic field is zero at or The
magnetic field of 30 W b / m 2 at an angle 30°. The couple acting on
earth's magnetic field always has a vertical component except at the
it is ………  10 4 Nm . [MP PET 2005] [NCERT 1980, 88; CPMT 1983; MP PMT 1996]
(a) 7.5 (b) 3.0 (a) Magnetic poles (b) Geographical poles
(c) 1.5 (d) 6.0 (c) Every place (d) Magnetic equator
9. The angle between the magnetic meridian and geographical meridian
Earth Magnetism is called
[MNR 1990; UPSEAT 1999, 2000; MP PMT 2000]
1. A very small magnet is placed in the magnetic meridian with its
(a) Angle of dip (b) Angle of declination
south pole pointing north. The null point is obtained 20 cm away
from the centre of the magnet. If the earth's magnetic field (c) Magnetic moment (d) Power of magnetic field
(horizontal component) at this point be 0.3 gauss, the magnetic 10. The lines of forces due to earth's horizontal component of magnetic
moment of the magnet is field are
[CPMT 1987; MNR 1978] [CPMT 1985; MP PMT 1980; AIIMS 1998]
(a) 8.0  10 e.m.u.
2
(b) 1.2  10 e.m.u.3 (a) Parallel straight lines (b) Concentric circles

(c) 2.4  10 e.m.u.

3
(d) 3.6  10 e.m.u.3 (c) Elliptical (d) Parabolic

2. Intensity of magnetic field due to earth at a point inside a hollow 11. At a place, if the earth's horizontal and vertical components of
steel box is [MP PET 1995] magnetic fields are equal, then the angle of dip will be
[SCRA 1994; DCE 2001; MP PMT 2002]
(a) Less than outside (b) More than outside
(c) Same (d) Zero (a) 30 (b) 90

3. Earth's magnetic field always has a horizontal component except at (c) 45 (d) 0°
or Horizontal component of earth's magnetic field remains zero at 12. [CPMTof1971,
If the angles dip81,
at 83]
two places are 30 and 45 respectively, then the
o o

(a) Equator (b) Magnetic poles ratio of horizontal components of earth's magnetic field at the two
(c) A latitude of 60 o
(d) An altitude of 60 o
places will be [MP PET 1989]

4. A dip needle in a plane perpendicular to magnetic meridian will (a) 3: 2 (b) 1 : 2

remain [NCERT 1975; MP PMT 1984; MP PET 1995]
(a) Vertical (c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 2

(b) Horizontal 13. At a place the earth's horizontal component of magnetic field is
(c) In any direction 0.36  10 4 weber / m 2 . If the angle of dip at that place is 60 , o

then the vertical component of earth's field at that place in weber/m 2

(d) At an angle of dip to the horizontal will be approximately [MP PMT 1985]
5. At magnetic poles of earth, angle of dip is
(a) 0.12  10 4 (b) 0.24  10 4
[CPMT 1977, 91; NCERT 1981; MP PET 1997; Pb PET 2002]
(a) Zero (b) 45 o
(c) 0.40  10 4 (d) 0.62  10 4
(c) 90 o
(d) 180 o
14. The angle of dip at a place is 40.6 and the intensity of the vertical
o

6. The correct relation is component of the earth's magnetic field V  6  10 5 Tesla. The
total intensity of the earth's magnetic field (I) at this place is [
[CPMT 1986; MP PET 1981; AFMC 1996]
5 5
(a) 7  10 tesla (b) 6  10 tesla
BV
(a) B (b) B  BV  B H
BH (c) 5  10 5 tesla (d) 9.2  10 5 tesla
15. The angle of dip is the angle [CPMT 1978]
(c) | B |  B H2  BV2 (d) B  B H  BV
(a) Between the vertical component of earth's magnetic field and
magnetic meridian
(Where B H  Horizontal component of earth's magnetic field;
(b) Between the vertical component of earth's magnetic field and
B V = Vertical component of earth's magnetic field and B = Total geographical meridian
intensity of earth's magnetic field) (c) Between the earth's magnetic field direction and horizontal
direction
(d) Between the magnetic meridian and the geographical meridian
 Magnetism 1257
16. At a certain place the angle of dip is 30° and the horizontal [MP PET 1994]
component of earth's magnetic field is 0.50 Oersted. The earth's (a) The horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field
total magnetic field is [CPMT 1990]
(b) The location of the geographic meridian
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) The vertical component of the earth's field
1 1 (d) The direction of the earth's magnetic field
(c) (d)
3 2 27. At the magnetic north pole of the earth, the value of horizontal
component of earth's magnetic field and angle of dip are,
17. The angle of dip at the magnetic equator is respectively [MP PMT 1994]
[MP PET 1984; MP PMT 1987; CBSE PMT 1989, 90;
(a) Zero, maximum (b) Maximum, minimum
MP Board 1980; CPMT 1977, 87, 90; Manipal MEE 1995]
(c) Maximum, maximum (d) Minimum, minimum
(a) 0° (b) 45°
28. At a place, the magnitudes of the horizontal component and total
(c) 30° (d) 90° intensity of the magnetic field of the earth are 0.3 and 0.6 Oersted
18. The line on the earth's surface joining the points where the field is respectively. The value of the angle of dip at this place will be
horizontal is (a) 60° (b) 45°
[MNR 1985; UPSEAT 1999; Pb PET 2004]
(c) 30° (d) 0°
(a) Magnetic meridian (b) Magnetic axis
29. A dip circle is at right angle to the magnetic meridian. What will be
(c) Magnetic line (d) Magnetic equator the apparent dip [AFMC 1995]
(e) Isogonic line (a) 0° (b) 30°
19. The angle between the earth's magnetic and the earth's geographical (c) 60º (d) 90°
axes is [MNR 1979]
30. A bar magnet is placed north-south with its north pole due north.
(a) Zero (b) 17°
The points of zero magnetic field will be in which direction from the
(c) 23° (d) None of these centre of the magnet
20. The lines joining the places of the same horizontal intensity are
[MNR 1995; MP PMT 1995; UPSEAT 2000]
known as [MNR 1984]
(a) Isogonic lines (b) Aclinic lines (a) North and south
(c) Isoclinic lines (d) Agonic lines (b) East and west
(e) Isodynamic lines (c) North-east and south-west
21. Ratio between total intensity of magnetic field at equator to poles is (d) North-west and south-east
[IIT 1970; CPMT 1981]
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 31. In two separate experiments the neutral points due to two small
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 magnets are at a distance of r and 2r in broad side-on position. The
ratio of their magnetic moments will be
22. A line passing through places having zero value of magnetic dip is
called [CPMT 1987] (a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(a) Isoclinic line (b) Agonic line (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 8
(c) Isogonic line (d) Aclinic line 32. The magnetic field due to the earth is closely equivalent to that due
23. At a place, the horizontal and vertical intensities of earth's magnetic to [BIT Ranchi 1982]
field is 0.30 Gauss and 0.173 Gauss respectively. The angle of dip at (a) A large magnet of length equal to the diameter of the earth
this place is [MP PMT 1986]
(b) A magnetic dipole placed at the centre of the earth
(a) 30° (b) 90°
(c) A large coil carrying current
(c) 60° (d) 45°
(d) Neither of the above
24. The angle of dip at a place is 60°. At this place the total intensity of
earth's magnetic field is 0.64 units. The horizontal intensity of 33. The earth's magnetic field at a certain place has a horizontal
earth's magnetic field at this place is component 0.3 Gauss and the total strength 0.5 Gauss. The angle of
dip is [MP PMT 1995]
[MP PET 1984]
(a) 1.28 units (b) 0.64 units 3 3
(a) tan 1 (b) sin1
(c) 0.16 units (d) 0.32 units 4 4

25. The magnetic compass is not useful for navigation near the 4 3
(c) tan 1 (d) sin1
magnetic poles because [BIT Ranchi 1982] 3 5
(a) The magnetic field near the poles is zero 34. The value of the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field
(b) The magnetic field near the poles is almost vertical and angle of dip are 1.8  10 5 W eber / m 2 and 30° respectively
(c) At low temperature, the compass needle looses its magnetic at some place. The total intensity of earth's magnetic field at that
properties
place will be [MP PET 1996]
(d) Neither of the above
26. The angle of dip at a place on the earth gives (a) 2.08  10 5 W eber / m 2 (b) 3.67  10 5 W eber / m 2
 1258 Magnetism

(c) 3.18  10 5 W eber / m 2 (d) 5.0  10 5 W eber / m 2  1 

(a)   tan 1  
 (b)   tan 1  3
35. When the N-pole of a bar magnet points towards the south and S-  3
pole towards the north, the null points are at the
1 3
[MP PMT 1996] (c)   tan 1   (d)   tan 1  
2 4
(a) Magnetic axis
45. Angle of dip is 90 at o
[AIIMS 1999]
(b) Magnetic centre
(a) Poles (b) Equator
(c) Perpendicular divider of magnetic axis
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
(d) N and S poles
46. At a certain place the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic
36. Lines which represent places of constant angle of dip are called field is B and the angle of dip is 45 . The total intensity of the field
0
o

(a) Isobaric lines (b) Isogonic lines at that place will be

[MP PET 2000; Pb PET 2003]
(c) Isoclinic lines (d) Isodynamic lines
37. The vertical component of the earth's magnetic field is zero at a (a) B 0
(b) 2 B0
place where the angle of dip is [MP PMT/PET 1998]
(a) 0° (b) 45° (c) 2 B 0
(d) B 02
(c) 60° (d) 90° 47. The value of angle of dip is zero at the magnetic equator because on
38. At a certain place, the horizontal component B 0 and the vertical it [MP PET 2001]

component V0 of the earth's magnetic field are equal in magnitude. (a) V and H are equal
The total intensity at the place will be (b) The value of V and H is zero
[MP PMT 1999, 2003] (c) The value of V is zero
(a) B0 (b) B 02 (d) The value of H is zero
48. Which of the following relation is correct in magnetism
(c) 2B 0 (d) 2B 0
[KCET (Engg./Med.) 2001]
39. A compass needle will show which one of the following directions at
the earth's magnetic pole [KCET 1993, 94] (a) I V H
2 2 2
(b) IV H
(a) Vertical (b) No particular direction
(c) V  I2  H 2 (d) V 2  I  H
(c) Bent at 45° to the vertical (d) Horizontal
40. The north pole of the earth's magnet is near the geographical 49. The direction of the null points is on the equatorial line of a bar
[KCET 1994]
magnet, when the north pole of the magnet is pointing
(a) South (b) East
[AFMC 1999; Pb. PMT 2000; CPMT 2001; MH CET 2003]
(c) West (d) North
41. The magnetic field of earth is due to [JIPMER 1997] (a) North (b) South
(a) Motion and distribution of some material in and outside the (c) East (d) West
earth 50. Magnetic meridian is a [Orissa JEE 2002]
(b) Interaction of cosmic rays with the current of earth (a) Point (b) Horizontal plane
(c) A magnetic dipole buried at the centre of the earth
(c) Vertical plane (d) Line along N-S
(d) Induction effect of the sun
42. A short magnet of moment 6.75 Am produces a neutral point on its
2
51. The angle of dip at a certain place is 30 . If the horizontal
o

axis. If horizontal component of earth's magnetic field is component of the earth’s magnetic field is H, the intensity of the
total magnetic field is
5  10 5 W b / m 2 , then the distance of the neutral point should be [SCRA 1994]
[UPSEAT 1993, 2000; MP PMT 2002]
(a) 10 cm (b) 20 cm
(c) 30 cm (d) 40 cm H 2H
(a) (b)
43. Due to the earth's magnetic field, charged cosmic ray particles 2[CBSE PMT 1997] 3
(a) Require greater kinetic energy to reach the equator than
(c) H 2 (d) H 3
the poles
(b) Require less kinetic energy to reach the equator than the poles 52. The horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field is 0.22 Gauss
and total magnetic field is 0.4 Gauss. The angle of dip. is
(c) Can never reach the equator
(d) Can never reach the poles (a) tan 1 (1) (b) tan 1 ()
44. Two bar magnets with magnetic moments 2 M and M are fastened
together at right angles to each other at their centres to form a (c) tan 1 (1.518) (d) tan 1 ( )
crossed system, which can rotate freely about a vertical axis through
53. A bar magnet is situated on a table along east-west direction in the
the centre. The crossed system sets in earth’s magnetic field with
magnetic field of earth. The number of neutral points, where the
magnet having magnetic moment 2M making and angle  with the magnetic field is zero, are [MP PMT 2004]
magnetic meridian such that [AFMC 1999]
(a) 2 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) 4
 Magnetism 1259
54. At which place, earth's magnetism become horizontal [CPMT 1973, 76, 87; MP PET 1994, 96]
[AFMC 2004]
I MB H
(a) Magnetic pole (b) Geographical pole (a) T  2 (b) T  2
MB H I
(c) Magnetic meridian (d) Magnetic equator
I BH
55. Isogonic lines on magnetic map will have [AFMC 2004] (c) T  (d) T  2
MB H MI
(a) Zero angle of dip
4. In sum and difference method in vibration magnetometer, the time
(b) Zero angle of declination
period is more if
(c) Same angle of declination [MP PMT 1989; MP PET/PMT 1988]
(d) Same angle of dip (a) Similar poles of both magnets are on same sides
56. A current carrying coil is placed with its axis perpendicular to N-S (b) Opposite poles of both magnets are on same sides
direction. Let horizontal component of earth's magnetic field be H o
(c) Both magnets are perpendicular to each other
and magnetic field inside the loop is H. If a magnet is suspended
inside the loop, it makes angle  with H. Then  = (d) Nothing can be said
[Orissa PMT 2004]
5. At a certain place a magnet makes 30 oscillations per minute. At
H   H  another place where the magnetic field is double, its time period will
(a) tan 1  0  (b) tan 1  

 H   H0  be
[MP PMT 1989; MP PET/PMT 1988]
1 
H  H1   (a) 4 sec (b) 2 sec
(c) cosec  
 (d) cot  0 
 0
H   H  1
(c) sec (d) 2 sec
57. Let V and H be the vertical and horizontal components of earth's 2
magnetic field at any point on earth. Near the north pole 6. [UPSEAT
Vibration 2004]
magnetometer is used for comparing
(a) V  H (b) V  H [MP PET/PMT 1988]

(c) VH (d) V  H  0 (a) Magnetic fields (b) Earth's field

58. At the magnetic poles of the earth, a compass needle will be (c) Magnetic moments (d) All of the above
[DCE 2003] 7. Two magnets of same size and mass make respectively 10 and 15
oscillations per minute at certain place. The ratio of their magnetic
(a) Vertical moments is
(b) Bent slightly [Bihar PET 1984; MP PET/PMT 1988; MP PET 1992]
(c) Horizontal (a) 4 : 9 (b) 9 : 4
(d) Inclined at 45 to the horizontal
o
(c) 2 : 3 (d) 3 : 2
59. If magnetic lines of force are drawn by keeping magnet vertical, then 8. Time period for a magnet is T. If it is divided in four equal parts
number of neutral points will be along its axis and perpendicular to its axis as shown then time
period for each part will be
[MP PMT 1985; CPMT 1985]
(a) One (b) Two
(c) Four (d) Five N S

Magnetic Equipments
(a) 4 T (b) T / 4
1. Time period of a freely suspended magnet does not depend upon[NCERT 1980; CPMT
(c)1980;
T MP
/ 2 PET 1997] (d) T
(a) Length of the magnet 9. Keeping dissimilar poles of two magnets of equal pole strength and
(b) Pole strength of the magnet length same side, their time period will be
[DPMT 2001]
(c) Horizontal component of earth's magnetic field
(a) Zero (b) One second
(d) Length of the suspension thread
(c) Infinity (d) Any value
2. Magnetic moments of two bar magnets may be compared with the 10. Time period in vibration magnetometer will be infinity at
help of [MP PET/PMT 1988]
(a) Magnetic equator (b) Magnetic poles
(a) Deflection magnetometer
(c) Equator (d) At all places
(b) Vibration magnetometer
11. Twists of suspension fibre should be removed in vibration
(c) Both of the above magnetometer so that
(d) None of the above (a) Time period be less
3. The time period of oscillation of a freely suspended bar magnet with (b) Time period be more
usual notations is given by (c) Magnet may vibrate freely
 1260 Magnetism
(d) Cannot be said with certainty (a) 0.75 sec (b) 1.5 sec
12. The period of oscillation of a magnet in vibration magnetometer is 2 (c) 3 sec (d) 6 sec
sec. The period of oscillation of a magnet whose magnetic moment 21. A bar magnet A of magnetic moment M is found to oscillate at a
is four times that of the first magnet is[CPMT 1975, 77, 79, 89, 90; MP PMT 1986]
A

frequency twice that of magnet B of magnetic moment M when B

(a) 1 sec (b) 4 sec placed in a vibrating magneto-meter. We may say that
(c) 8 sec (d) 0.5 sec (a) M A  2M B (b) M A  8MB
13. Moment of inertia of a magnetic needle is 40 gm-cm has time
M A  4MB MB  8M A
2

(c) (d)
period 3 seconds in earth's horizontal field = 3.6  10 5 weber/m . 2

Its magnetic moment will be 22. Two magnets A and B are identical in mass, length and breadth but
have different magnetic moments. In a vibration magnetometer, if
(a) 0.5 A  m 2 (b) 5 A  m 2 the time period of B is twice the time period of A. The ratio of the
magnetic moments M A / M B of the magnets will be [MP PET 1990; MP PMT 19
(c) 0.250 A  m 2 (d) 5  10 2 A  m 2
(a) 1 / 2 (b) 2
14. Vibration magnetometer before use, should be set
(c) 4 (d) 1 / 4
(a) In magnetic meridian
23. A magnet of magnetic moment M oscillating freely in earth's
(b) In geographical meridian
horizontal magnetic field makes n oscillations per minute. If the
(c) Perpendicular to magnetic meridian magnetic moment is quadrupled and the earth's field is doubled, the
(d) In any position number of oscillations made per minute would be
15. If a brass bar is placed on a vibrating magnet, then its time period n n
(a) (b)
(a) Decreases 2 2 2
(b) Increases
(c) 2 2 n (d) 2n
(c) Remains unchanged 24. A magnetic needle suspended horizontally by an unspun silk fibre,
(d) First increases then decreases oscillates in the horizontal plane because of the restoring force
originating mainly from [CPMT 1980, 89]
16. A magnetic needle is made to vibrate in uniform field H, then its
time period is T. If it vibrates in the field of intensity 4 H, its time (a) The torsion of the silk fibre
period will be (b) The force of gravity
[MP Board 1988; MP PMT 1992; MH CET (Med.) 1999] (c) The horizontal component of earth's magnetic field
(a) 2T (b) T / 2 (d) All the above factors
(c) 2 / T (d) T 25. At two places A and B using vibration magnetometer, a magnet
vibrates in a horizontal plane and its respective periodic time are 2
17. Two bar magnets of the same mass, length and breadth but sec and 3 sec and at these places the earth's horizontal components
magnetic moments M and 2M respectively, when placed in same are H and H respectively. Then the ratio between H and H will be
A B A B

position, time period is 3 sec. What will be the time period when [MP PMT 1985, 89]
they are placed in different position (a) 9 : 4 (b) 3 : 2
[NCERT 1977; DPMT 1999] (c) 4 : 9 (d) 2 : 3
(a) 3 sec (b) 3 3 sec 26. The time period of a bar magnet suspended horizontally in the
earth's magnetic field and allowed to oscillate
(c) 3 sec (d) 6 sec [MP PET 1992]
18. To compare magnetic moments of two magnets by vibration (a) Is directly proportional to the square root of its mass
magnetometer, 'sum and difference method' is better because (b) Is directly proportional to its pole strength
(a) Determination of moment of inertia is not needed which (c) Is inversely proportional to its magnetic moment
minimises the errors
(d) Decreases if the length increases but pole strength remains
(b) Less observations are required same
(c) Comparatively less calculations 27. Magnets A and B are geometrically similar but the magnetic
(d) All the above moment of A is twice that of B. If T and T be the time periods of
1 2

the oscillation when their like poles and unlike poles are kept
19. A magnet is suspended in such a way that it oscillates in the
horizontal plane. It makes 20 oscillations per minute at a place T
together respectively, then 1 will be
where dip angle is 30 and 15 oscillations per minute at a place
o
T2
where dip angle is 60 . The ratio of total earth's magnetic field at the
o

[SCRA 1998]
two places is
[MP PMT 1991; BHU 1997] 1 1
(a) (b)
3 2
(a) 3 3 :8 (b) 16 : 9 3
1
(c) (d) 3
(c) 4 : 9 (d) 2 3 : 9 3
20. The time period of oscillation of a magnet in a vibration 28. A small bar magnet A oscillates in a horizontal plane with a period
magnetometer is 1.5 seconds. The time period of oscillation of T at a place where the angle of dip is 60 . When the same needle is
o

another magnet similar in size, shape and mass but having one- made to oscillate in a vertical plane coinciding with the magnetic
fourth magnetic moment than that of first magnet, oscillating at meridian, its period will be
same place will be [MP PMT 1992]
[MP PMT 1991; MP PMT 2002]
 Magnetism 1261

T (b) The time period remains unchanged

(a) (b) T
2 (c) The time period increases
(d) The needle stops vibrating
(c) 2T (d) 2T
29. Vibration magnetometer works on the principle of 37. The sensitivity of a tangent galvanometer is increased if
[MP PET 1993] [AFMC 1995]
(a) Torque acting on the bar magnet (a) Number of turn decreases (b) Number of turn increases
(b) Force acting on the bar magnet (c) Field increases (d) None of the above
(c) Both the force and the torque acting on the bar magnet
(d) None of these 38. Two tangent galvanometers having coils of the same radius are
connected in series. A current flowing in them produces deflections
30. Tangent galvanometer is used to measure [MP PET 1993]
of 60° and 45° respectively. The ratio of the number of turns in the
(a) Steady currents coils is
(b) Current impulses
[MP PET 1995; MP PMT 1999]
(c) Magnetic moments of bar magnets
(d) Earth's magnetic field (a) 4/3 (b) ( 3  1) / 1
31. A tangent galvanometer has a coil with 50 turns and radius equal to
4 cm. A current of 0.1 A is passing through it. The plane of the coil (c) ( 3  1) /( 3  1) (d) 3 /1
is set parallel to the earth's magnetic meridian. If the value of the
39. Using a bar magnet P, a vibration magnetometer has time period
earth's horizontal component of the magnetic field is 7  10 5 tesla
2seconds. When a bar Q (identical to P in mass and size) is placed
and  0  4  10 7 weber / amp  m , then the deflection in the on top of P, the time period is unchanged. Which of the following
galvanometer needle will be [MP PMT 1993] statements is true [MP PMT 1995]
(a) 45 o
(b) 48.2 o

(a) Q is of non-magnetic material

(c) 50.7 o
(d) 52.7 o

(b) Q is a bar magnet identical to P, and its north pole placed on

32. A bar magnet has a magnetic moment equal top of P's north pole
to 5  10 5 weber  m. It is suspended in a magnetic field which (c) Q is of unmagnetized ferromagnetic material
has a magnetic induction (B) equal to 8  10 4 tesla. The (d) Nothing can be said about Q's properties
magnet vibrates with a period of vibration equal to 15 sec. The
40. The strength of the magnetic field in which the magnet of a
moment of inertia of the magnet is
vibration magnetometer is oscillating is increased 4 times its original
[MP PMT 1993; CBSE PMT 2001] value. The frequency of oscillation would then become
(a) 22.5kg  m 2
(b) 11.25  kg  m 2 (a) Twice its original value
(b) Four times its original value
(c) 5.62  kg  m 2 (d) 7.16  10 7 kg  m 2 (c) Half its original value
33. The time period of a freely suspended magnet is 4 seconds. If it is (d) One-fourth its original value
broken in length into two equal parts and one part is suspended in 41. A certain amount of current when flowing in a properly set tangent
the same way, then its time period will be galvanometer, produces a deflection of 45°. If the current be reduced
[NCERT 1984; CPMT 1991;
by a factor of 3 , the deflection would
MP PMT 1994; MH CET 2004]
[MP PMT 1996; DPMT 2005]
(a) 4 sec (b) 2 sec
(a) Decrease by 30° (b) Decrease by 15°
(c) 0.5 sec (d) 0.25 sec
(c) Increase by 15° (d) Increase by 30°
34. Which of the following statement is true about magnetic moments
42. Two normal uniform magnetic field contain a magnetic needle
of atoms of different elements [CPMT 1977]
F
(a) All have a magnetic moment making an angle 60° with F. Then the ratio of is
H
(b) None has a magnetic moment [CPMT 1987; DPMT 2001]
(c) All acquire a magnetic moment under external magnetic field (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
and in same direction as the field
(d) None of the above statements are accurate (c) 3 :1 (d) 1 : 3

35. The number of turns and radius of cross-section of the coil of a 43. A short magnetic needle is pivoted in a uniform magnetic field of
tangent galvanometer are doubled. The reduction factor K will be strength 1 T. When another magnetic field of strength 3 T is
[NCERT 1983; MP PMT 2002]
applied to the needle in a perpendicular direction, the needle
(a) K (b) 2K deflects through an angle , where  is
(c) 4K (d) K/4 [KCET 1999]
36. A magnetic needle suspended by a silk thread is vibrating in the (a) 30 o
(b) 45 o

earth's magnetic field. If the temperature of the needle is increased

(c) 90 o
(d) 60 o

by 500°C, then [MNR 1994]

44. Two magnets are held together in a vibration magnetometer and are
(a) The time period decreases allowed to oscillate in the earth's magnetic field with like poles
 1262 Magnetism
together, 12 oscillations per minute are made but for unlike poles (c) 0.12 m (d) 0.18 m
together only 4 oscillations per minute are executed. The ratio of 53. The magnet of a vibration magnetometer is heated so as to reduce
their magnetic moments is its magnetic moment by 19%. By doing this the periodic time of the
[MP PMT 1996; CPMT 2002] magnetometer will [MP PMT 2000, 01]
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 3 (a) Increase by 19% (b) Decrease by 19%
(c) 3 : 5 (d) 5 : 4 (c) Increase by 11% (d) Decrease by 21%
45. 54. A magnet makes
To measure which of the following, is a tangent galvanometer used [MP PET 1997; CBSE PMT 2001] 40 oscillations per minute at a place having
magnetic field intensity of 0.1  10 T. At another place, it takes
–5

(a) Charge (b) Angle

2.5 sec to complete one vibration. The value of earth’s horizontal
(c) Current (d) Magnetic intensity field at that place is
[AIIMS 2000; CPMT 2000; Pb PET 2002]
46. When 3 ampere current is passed in a tangent galvanometer,
there is a deflection of 30° in it. The deflection obtained when 3 (a) 0.25  10 T –6
(b) 0.36  10 T –6

amperes current is passed, is (c) 0.66  10 T –8

(d) 1.2  10 T –6

[MP PMT 1997] 55. A tangent galvanometer has a coil of 25 turns and radius of
(a) 30° (b) 45° 15 cm. The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic
(c) 60° (d) 75° field is 3  10 T. The current required to produce a
–5

deflection of 45 in it, is o

47. The period of oscillations of a magnetic needle in a magnetic field is [MP PMT 2000]
1.0 sec. If the length of the needle is halved by cutting it, the time (a) 0.29 A (b) 1.2 A
period will be [MP PMT/PET 1998]
(c) 3.6  10 A –5
(d) 0.14 A
(a) 1.0 sec (b) 0.5 sec
56. The time period of a vibration magnetometer is T . Its magnet is
(c) 0.25 sec (d) 2.0 sec
0

replaced by another magnet whose moment of inertia is 3 times and

48. The time period of a freely suspended magnet is 2 sec. If it is broken magnetic moment is 1/3 of the initial magnet. The time period now
in length into two equal parts and one part is suspended in the will be [MP PMT 2000]
same way, then its time period will be (a) 3T (b) T
0 0

[MP PMT 1999]

(c) T0 / 3 (d) T /3
(a) 4 sec (b) 2 sec 0

57. The error in measuring the current with a tangent galvanometer is

(c) 2 sec (d) 1 sec minimum when the deflection is about
49. The bob of a simple pendulum is replaced by a magnet. The [MP PET 2001]
oscillations are set along the length of the magnet. A copper coil is (a) 0 o
(b) 30 o

added so that one pole of the magnet passes in and out of the coil. (c) 45 o
(d) 60 o

The coil is short-circuited. Then which one of the following happens

58. Before using the tangent galvanometer, its coil is set in
[KCET 1994] [MP PMT 2001; CPMT 2005]
(a) Period decreases (a) Magnetic meridian (or vertically north south)
(b) Period does not change (b) Perpendicular to magnetic meridian
(c) Oscillations are damped (c) At angle of 45 to magnetic meridian
o

(d) Amplitude increases (d) It does not require any setting

50. The period of oscillation of a vibration magnetometer depends on 59. The time period of a thin bar magnet in earth’s magnetic field is T.
which of the following factors [KCET 1994] If the magnet is cut into two equal parts perpendicular to its length,
(a) I and M only (b) M and H only the time period of each part in the same field will be
(c) I and H only (d) I, M and H only T
(a) (b) T
where I is the moment of inertia of the magnet about the axis of 2
suspension, M is the magnetic moment of the magnet and H is the
external magnetic field (c) 2T (d) 2T
51. The time period of oscillation of a bar magnet suspended 60. A magnet freely suspended in a vibration magnetometer makes 10
horizontally along the magnetic meridian is T . If this magnet is
0

replaced by another magnet of the same size and pole strength but oscillations per minute at a place A and 20 oscillations per minute at
with double the mass, the new time period will be [SCRA 1994; BJIPMER
a place . If the2001,
horizontal
02] component of earth’s magnetic field at A
T0 T0 is 36  10 6 T , then its value at B is [
(a) (b)
2 2 (a) 36  10 T –6
(b) 72  10 T –6

(c) 144  10 T –6
(d) 288  10 T –6

(c) 2T0 (d) 2T0

61. When 2 amperes current is passed through a tangent galvanometer,
52. Two short magnets having magnetic moments in the ratio 27 : 8, it gives a deflection of 30 . For 60 deflection, the current must be
o o

when placed on opposite sides of a deflection magnetometer,

produce no deflection. If the distance of the weaker magnet is 0.12 m (a) 1 amp (b) 2 3 amp
from the centre of deflection magnetometer, the distance of the
stronger magnet from the centre is [EAMCET
(c) 4(Med.)
amp 2000] (d) 6 amp
(a) 0.06 m (b) 0.08 m
 Magnetism 1263
62. Which of the following statement is not the true (c) T (d) T/2
[KCET (Engg./Med.) 2001] 70. The length of a magnet is large compared to its width and breadth.
(a) While taking reading of tangent galvanometer, the plane of the The time period of its oscillation in a vibration magnetometer is 2 s.
coil must be set at right angles to the earth’s magnetic The magnet is cut along its length into three equal parts and three
meridian parts are then placed on each other with their like poles together.
(b) A short magnet is used in a tangent galvanometer since a long The time period of this combination will be
magnet would be heavy and may not easily move (a) 2 s (b) 2/3 s
(c) Measurements with the tangent galvanometer will be more
accurate when the deflection is around 45 o
(c) 2 3s (d) 2 / 3 s
(d) A tangent galvanometer can not be used in the polar region 71. A magnet oscillating in a horizontal plane has a time period of 2
63. The period of oscillations of a magnet is 2 sec. When it is second at a place where the angle of dip is 30 and 3 seconds at
o

remagnetised so that the pole strength is 4 times its period will be another[Kerala
place PMT 2002]
where the angle of dip is 60 . The ratio of resultant
o

(a) 4 sec (b) 2 sec magnetic fields at the two places is

(c) 1 sec (d) 1/2 sec [Pb. PET 2001]
64. When two magnetic moments are compared using equal distance
4 3 4
method the deflections produced are 45 and 30 . If the length of
o o
(a) (b)
magnets are in the ratio 1 : 2, the ratio of their pole strengths is 7
[JIPMER 2002] 9 3
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 3 : 2
9 9
(c) (d)
(c) 3 :1 (d) 2 3 :1 4 3 3
65. The magnetic needle of a tangent galvanometer is deflected at an 72. Two identical bar magnets are placed on above the other such that
angle 30 due to a magnet. The horizontal component of earth’s
o

they are mutually perpendicular and bisect each other. The time
magnetic field 0.34  10 T is along the plane of the coil. The
–4

period of this combination in a horizontal magnetic field is T. The

magnetic intensity is
time period of each magnet in the same field is
[AIIMS 2000, 2002; BHU 2000; AFMC 2000;
1
KCET (Engg./Med.) 1999]
(a) 2T (b) 2 4 T
(a) 1.96  10 T –4
(b) 1.96  10 T –5

1 1
(c) 1.96  10 T 4
(d) 1.96  10 T 5  
(c) 2 4 T (d) 2 2T
66. In a tangent galvanometer a current of 0.1 A produces a deflection of
30 . The current required to produce a deflection of 60 is
o o 73. The radius
[MP of
PETthe coil of a Tangent galvanometer. which has 10 turns
2003]
is 0.1m. The current required to produce a deflection of 60°
(a) 0.2 A (b) 0.3 A
(c) 0.4 A (c) 0.5 A (BH  4  10 5 T ) is [MP PET 2005]

67. A bar magnet is oscillating in the Earth’s magnetic field with a (a) 3 A (b) 1.1 A
period T. What happens to its period and motion if its mass is
quadrupled [CBSE PMT 2003] (c) 2.1 A (d) 1.5 A
(a) Motion remains S.H.M. with time period = 2T
Magnetic Materials
(b) Motion remains S.H.M. with time period = 4T
(c) Motion remains S.H.M. and period remains nearly constant 1. Magnets cannot be made from which of the following substances
T (a) Iron (b) Nickel
(d) Motion remains S.H.M. with time period  (c) Copper (d) All of the above
2
2. The magnetic moment of atomic neon is
68. A thin rectangular magnet suspended freely has a period of
oscillation equal to T. Now it is broken into two equal halves (each [NCERT 1984]
having half of the original length) and one piece is made to oscillate (a) Zero (b) B / 2
freely in the same field. If its period of oscillation is T , then ratio (c) B (d) 3 B / 2
T 3. Which of the following is most suitable for the core of
is [AIEEE 2003]
T electromagnets [AIIMS 1980; NCERT 1980;
AFMC 1988; CBSE PMT 1990]
1 1
(a) (b) (a) Soft iron (b) Steel
4 2 2
(c) Copper-nickel alloy (d) Air
1 4. Demagnetisation of magnets can be done by
(c) (c) 2
2 [DPMT 1984; CBSE PMT 1988]
69. A bar magnet is oscillating in the earth's magnetic field with time (a) Rough handling
period T. If its mass is increased four times then its time period will (b) Heating
be [J & K CET 2004] (c) Magnetising in the opposite direction
(a) 4 T (b) 2 T (d) All the above
 1264 Magnetism
5. A ferromagnetic material is heated above its curie temperature. M M
Which one is a correct statement (c)  (d) 
V H
[MP PET 1995]
15. Which of the following statements are true about the magnetic
(a) Ferromagnetic domains are perfectly arranged
susceptibility  m of paramagnetic substance
(b) Ferromagnetic domains becomes random
[Roorkee 1999]
(c) Ferromagnetic domains are not influenced
(d) Ferromagnetic material changes itself into diamagnetic material (a) Value of  m is inversely proportional to the absolute
6. If a diamagnetic substance is brought near north or south pole of a temperature of the sample
bar magnet, it is (b)  is positive at all temperature
m

[EAMCET (Engg.) 1995; CBSE PMT 1999; AFMC 2003]

(c)  m is negative at all temperature
(a) Attracted by the poles
(b) Repelled by the poles (d)  m does not depend on the temperature of the sample
(c) Repelled by the north pole and attracted by the south pole 16. Relative permeability of iron is 5500, then its magnetic susceptibility
will be [KCET 2000; Kerala PMT 2004]
(d) Attracted by the north pole and repelled by the south pole
(a) 5500  10 7
(b) 5500  10 –7

7. The material of permanent magnet has

(c) 5501 (d) 5499
[KCET 1994, 2003; AFMC 2004]
17. An example of a diamagnetic substance is
(a) High retentivity, low coercivity
[KCET 2000]
(b) Low retentivity, high coercivity
(c) Low retentivity, low coercivity (a) Aluminium (b) Copper
(d) High retentivity, high coercivity (c) Iron (d) Nickel
8. The permanent magnet is made from which one of the following 18. The use of study of hysteresis curve for a given material is to
substances [Bihar MEE 1995] estimate the [KCET (Engg./Med.) 2000]
(a) Diamagnetic (b) Paramagnetic (a) Voltage loss (b) Hysteresis loss
(c) Ferromagnetic (d) Electromagnetic (c) Current loss (d) All of these
9. Temperature above which a ferromagnetic substance becomes 19. Magnetic permeability is maximum for
paramagnetic is called
[AIIMS 2000; MH CET 2003; DPMT 2003]
[SCRA 1994; J & K CET 2004]
(a) Diamagnetic substance (b) Paramagnetic substance
(a) Critical temperature (b) Boyle's temperature
(c) Ferromagnetic substance (d) All of these
(c) Debye's temperature (d) Curie temperature
20. If a diamagnetic solution is poured into a U-tube and one arm of
10. When a magnetic substance is heated, then it
this U-tube placed between the poles of a strong magnet with the
[AIIMS 1999]
meniscus in a line with the field, then the level of the solution will
(a) Becomes a strong magnet
(a) Rise (b) Fall
(b) Losses its magnetism
(c) Does not effect the magnetism (c) Oscillate slowly (d) Remain as such
(d) Either (a) or (c) 21. The relative permeability is represented by  and the susceptibility
r

11. The only property possessed by ferromagnetic substance is is denoted by  for a magnetic substance. Then for a paramagnetic
[KCET 1999] substance
(a) Hysteresis [KCET (Engg./Med.) 2001]

(b) Susceptibility (a)  < 1,  < 0

r
(b)  < 1,  > 0
r

(c) Directional property (c)  > 1,  < 0

r
(d)  > 1,  > 0
r

(d) Attracting magnetic substances 22. Which of the following is true [BHU 2001]
12. Substances in which the magnetic moment of a single atom is not (a) Diamagnetism is temperature dependent
zero, is known as [AFMC 1999]
(b) Paramagnetism is temperature dependent
(a) Diamagnetism (b) Ferromagnetism (c) Paramagnetism is temperature independent
(c) Paramagnetism (d) Ferrimagnetism (d) None of these
13. Diamagnetic substances are [AFMC 1999]
23. The magnetic susceptibility does not depend upon the temperature
(a) Feebly attracted by magnets in [CBSE PMT 2001]
(b) Strongly attracted by magnets (a) Ferrite substances (b) Ferromagnetic substances
(c) Feebly repelled by magnets (c) Diamagnetic substances (d) Paramagnetic substances
(d) Strongly repelled by magnets 24. Identify the paramagnetic substance [KCET 2001]
14. The magnetic susceptibility is [RPMT 1999] (a) Iron (b) Aluminium
I B (c) Nickel (d) Hydrogen
(a)  (b) 
H H 25. If a magnetic substance is kept in a magnetic field, then which of
the following is thrown out [DCE 1999, 2001]
 Magnetism 1265
(a) Paramagnetic (b) Ferromagnetic [AIIMS 2003]
(c) Diamagnetic (d) Antiferromagnetic (a) Paramagnetic (b) Diamagnetic
(c) Ferromagnetic (d) Antiferromagnetic
26. If the angular momentum of an electron is J then the magnitude
36. Which one of the following is a non-magnetic substance
of the magnetic moment will be [MP PET 2002]
[MP PET 2004]
eJ eJ
(a) (b) (a) Iron (b) Nickel
m 2m
(c) Cobalt (d) Brass
2m 37. Liquid oxygen remains suspended between two pole faces of a
(c) eJ 2m (d)
eJ magnet because it is [AIIMS 2004]
27. The magnetic susceptibility is negative for [AIEEE 2002] (a) Diamagnetic (b) Paramagnetic
(a) Paramagnetic materials (c) Ferromagnetic (d) Antiferromagnetic
(b) Diamagnetic materials 38. Curie-Weiss law is obeyed by iron at a temperature ......
(c) Ferromagnetic materials [KCET 2004]
(d) Paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials (a) Below Curie temperature (b) Above Curie temperature
28. The universal property of all substances is [CPMT 2002]
(c) At Curie temperature only (d) At all temperatures
(a) Diamagnetism (b) Ferromagnetism
39. The materials suitable for making electromagnets should have
(c) Paramagnetism (d) All of these
29. Which of the following statements is incorrect about hysteresis (a) High retentivity
[UPSEAT 2002] and high coercivity
(a) This effect is common to all ferromagnetic substances (b) Low retentivity and low coercivity
(b) The hysteresis loop area is proportional to the thermal energy (c) High retentivity and low coercivity
developed per unit volume of the material
(c) The hysteresis loop area is independent of the thermal energy (d) Low retentivity and high coercivity
developed per unit volume of the material 40. The given figure represents a material which is
(d) The shape of the hysteresis loop is characteristic of the material
[Orissa PMT 2004]
30. Curies law can be written as
[MH CET 2002; CBSE PMT 2003]
1
(a)   (T  Tc ) (b) 
T  Tc
1
(c)  (d)  T (a) Paramagnetic (b) Diamagnetic
T
(c) Ferromagnetic (d) None of these
31. A superconductor exhibits perfect [KCET 2002]
(a) Ferrimagnetism (b) Ferromagnetism 41. For an isotropic medium B, , H and M are related as (where
(c) Paramagnetism (d) Diamagnetism B,  0 , H and M have their usual meaning in the context of
32. A small rod of bismuth is suspended freely between the poles of a magnetic material [Pb. PMT 2004]
strong electromagnet. It is found to arrange itself at right angles to (a) (B  M )  0 H (b) M   0 (H  M )
the magnetic field. This observation establishes that bismuth is [Kerala 2002]
(a) Diamagnetic (b) Paramagnetic (c) H   0 (H  M ) (d) B   0 (H  M )
(c) Ferri-magnetic (d) Antiferro-magnetic 42. The magnetic susceptibility of any paramagnetic material changes
33. A diamagnetic material in a magnetic field moves with absolute temperature T as
[Pb. PMT 1999; AIIMS 2000; MH CET 2000; CBSE PMT 2003] [UPSEAT 2004; DCE 2005]
(a) From weaker to the stronger parts of the field (a) Directly proportional to T
(b) Perpendicular to the field
(b) Remains constant
(c) From stronger to the weaker parts of the field
(d) In none of the above directions (c) Inversely proportional to T
34. Curie temperature is the temperature above which (d) Exponentially decaying with T
[DCE 2002; AIEEE 2003] 43. When a piece of a ferromagnetic substance is put in a uniform
(a) A paramagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic magnetic field, the flux density inside it is four times the flux density
(b) A ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic away from the piece. The magnetic permeability of the material is [
(c) A paramagnetic material becomes diamagnetic (a) 1 (b) 2
(d) A ferromagnetic material becomes diamagnetic (c) 3 (d) 4
35. A frog can be deviated in a magnetic field produced by a current in
44. Which of the following is diamagnetism [DCE 2002]
a vertical solenoid placed below the frog. This is possible because
the body of the frog behaves as (a) Aluminium (b) Quartz
 1266 Magnetism
(c) Nickel (d) Bismuth (b) Cube of the distance
45. If a ferromagnetic material is inserted in a current carrying solenoid, (c) Distance
the magnetic field of solenoid [DCE 2004]
(d) Fourth power of the distance
(a) Largely increases (b) Slightly increases
(c) Largely decreases (d) Slightly decreases 3. Two identical short bar magnets, each having magnetic moment M,
are placed a distance of 2d apart with axes perpendicular to each
46. In the hysteresis cycle, the value of H needed to make the intensity other in a horizontal plane. The magnetic induction at a point
of magnetisation zero is called [DCE 2004] midway between them is
(a) Retentivity (b) Coercive force [IIT-JEE (Screening) 2000]
(c) Lorentz force (d) None of the above
0 M 0 M
47. If the magnetic dipole moment of an atom of diamagnetic material, (a) ( 2) (b) ( 3)
4 d3 4 d3
paramagnetic material and ferromagnetic material denoted by
 d ,  p ,  f respectively then [CBSE PMT 2005]  2 0  M 0 M
(c)   3 (d) ( 5) 3
  d 4 d
(a)  d  0 and  f  0 (b)  p  0 and  f  0
4. If a magnet is suspended at an angle 30 to the magnetic meridian, it
o

(c)  d  0 and  p  0 (d)  d  0 and  p  0 makes an angle of 45 with the horizontal. The real dip is
o

48. Among the following properties describing diamagnetism identify (a) tan 1 ( 3 / 2) (b) tan 1 ( 3)
the property that is wrongly stated [KCET 2005]
(c) tan 1 ( 3 / 2 ) (d) tan 1 (2 / 3 )
(a) Diamagnetic material do not have permanent magnetic
5. A short bar magnet with its north pole facing north forms a neutral
moment point at P in the horizontal plane. If the magnet is rotated by 90 in o

(b) Diamagnetism is explained in terms of electromagnetic the horizontal plane, the net magnetic induction at P is (Horizontal
induction component of earth’s magnetic field = B H )
(c) Diamagnetic materials have a small positive susceptibility (a) 0 (b) 2 B H

(d) The magnetic moment of individual electrons neutralize each

5
other (c) BH (d) 5 BH
2
49. Susceptibility of ferromagnetic substance is
6. The true value of angle of dip at a place is 60 , the apparent dip in a
o

[Orissa JEE 2005] plane inclined at an angle of 30 with magnetic meridian is

o

(a) > 1 (b) < 1

1
(c) 0 (d) 1 (a) tan 1 (b) tan 1 (2)
2
50. When a ferromagnetic material is heated to temperature above its
2
Curie temperature, the material [UPSEAT 2005] (c) tan 1   (d) None of these
3
(a) Is permanently magnetized
7. A vibration magnetometer consists of two identical bar magnets
(b) Remains ferromagnetic
placed one over the other such that they are perpendicular and
(c) Behaves like a diamagnetic material bisect each other. The time period of oscillation in a horizontal
(d) Behaves like a paramagnetic material magnetic field is 2 5 / 4 seconds. One of the magnets is removed and
if the other magnet oscillates in the same field, then the time period
in seconds is [

(a) 21 / 4 (b) 2 1 / 2

(c) 2 (d) 2 3 / 4

1. Two identical magnetic dipoles of magnetic moments 1.0 A-m each, 2 8. In a vibration magnetometer, the time period of a bar magnet
placed at a separation of 2m with their axis perpendicular to each oscillating in horizontal component of earth's magnetic field is 2 sec.
other. The resultant magnetic field at a point midway between the When a magnet is brought near and parallel to it, the time period
dipoles is [Roorkee 1995] reduces to 1 sec. The ratio H/F of the horizontal component H and
the field F due to magnet will be [MP PMT 1990; Pb PET 2000]
(a) 5  10 7 T (b) 5  10 7 T
(a) 3 (b) 1 / 3
(c) 10 7 T (d) None of these
(c) 3 (d) 1 / 3
2. Two short magnets placed along the same axis with their like poles
facing each other repel each other with a force which varies 9. A cylindrical rod magnet has a length of 5 cm and a diameter
inversely as of 1 cm. It has a uniform magnetisation of 5.30 × 10 Amp/ m . 3 3

What its magnetic dipole moment

(a) Square of the distance
(a) 1  10 2 J / T (b) 2.08  10 2 J / T
 Magnetism 1267

(c) 3.08  10 2 J / T (d) 1.52  10 2 J / T balance pan. Find the magnetic induction at the spot where coil is
located.
10. Two magnets of equal mass are joined at right angles to each other
as shown the magnet 1 has a magnetic moment 3 times that of
magnet 2. This arrangement is pivoted so that it is free to rotate in
the horizontal plane. In equilibrium what angle will the magnet 1
subtend with the magnetic meridian

1
(a) tan 1  
2
m1  m2
N N (a) 0.4 T (b) 0.3 T
(1) (2) (c) 0.2 T (d) 0.1 T
1
(b) tan 1   15. Two identical bar magnets with a length 10 cm and weight 50 gm-
3 S weight are arranged freely with their like poles facing in a inverted
90°
S
vertical glass tube. The upper magnet hangs in the air above the
(c) tan 1 (1) lower one so that the distance between the nearest pole of the
magnet is 3mm. Pole strength of the poles of each magnet will be
(d) 0°
11. The dipole moment of each molecule of a paramagnetic gas is (a) 6.64 amp  m S
1.5  10 amp  m . The temperature of gas is 27 C and the N
(b) 2 amp  m
–2 3 2 o

number of molecules per unit volume in it is 2  10 m . The 26 –3

N
maximum possible intensity of magnetisation in the gas will be (c) 10.25 amp  m
S
(d) None of these
(a) 3  10 amp/m 3
(b) 4  10 amp/m –3

16. If  1 and  2 be the angles of dip observed in two vertical planes

(c) 5  10 amp/m 5
(d) 6  10 amp/m –4

at right angles to each other and  be the true angle of dip, then
12. Two magnets A and B are identical and these are arranged as shown
in the figure. Their length is negligible in comparison to the (a) cos 2   cos 2 1  cos 2  2
separation between them. A magnetic needle is placed between the
magnets at point P which gets deflected through an angle  under (b) sec 2   sec 2 1  sec 2  2
the influence of magnets. The ratio of distance d1 and d 2 will be (c) tan 2   tan 2 1  tan 2  2

(a) (2 tan  )1 / 3 S (d) cot 2   cot 2 1  cot 2  2

P 
(b) (2 tan  )1 / 3 S N 17. Each atom of an iron bar (5 cm  1 cm  1 cm) has a magnetic

(c) (2 cot  )1 / 3
N moment 1.8  10 23 Am 2 . Knowing that the density of iron is
d1 d2
7.78  10 3 kg 3m, atomic weight is 56 and Avogadro's number is
(d) (2 cot  )1 / 3
6.02  10 23 the magnetic moment of bar in the state of magnetic
13. Two short magnets of equal dipole moments M are fastened saturation will be
perpendicularly at their centre (figure). The magnitude of the
magnetic field at a distance d from the centre on the bisector of the (a) 4.75 Am 2 (b) 5.74 Am 2
right angle is
0 M (c) 7.54 Am 2 (d) 75.4 Am 2
(a)
4 d 3 P
N 18. An iron rod of volume 10 4 m 3 and relative permeability 1000 is
d
0 M 2 placed inside a long solenoid wound with 5 turns/cm. If a current of
(b) 0.5 A is passed through the solenoid, then the magnetic moment of
4 d3 S N
the rod is
0 2 2 M
(c) S (a) 10 Am 2 (b) 15 Am 2
4 d3
0 2 M (c) 20 Am 2 (d) 25 Am 2
(d)
4 d 3
19. A bar magnet has coercivity 4  10 3 Am 1 . It is desired to
14. A small coil C with N = 200 turns is mounted on one end of a
balance beam and introduced between the poles of an electromagnet demagnetise it by inserting it inside a solenoid 12 cm long and
as shown in figure. The cross sectional area of coil is A= 1.0 cm , 2
having 60 turns. The current that should be sent through the
solenoid is
length of arm OA of the balance beam is l  30 cm. When there is
no current in the coil the balance is in equilibrium. On passing a (a) 2 A (b) 4 A
current I = 22 mA through the coil the equilibrium is restored by (c) 6 A (d) 8 A
putting the additional counter weight of mass m  60 mg on the

N
M A
 1268 Magnetism
20. A magnet is suspended in the magnetic meridian with an untwisted
wire. The upper end of wire is rotated through 180 to deflect the
o

magnet by 30 from magnetic meridian. When this magnet is

o

(c) B (d) B
replaced by another magnet, the upper end of wire is rotated
through 270 to deflect the magnet 30 from magnetic meridian. The
o o

ratio of magnetic moments of magnets is

H H
(a) 1 : 5 (b) 1 : 8
(c) 5 : 8 (d) 8 : 5
2. A curve between magnetic moment and temperature of magnet is
21. A dip needle vibrates in the vertical plane perpendicular to the
magnetic meridian. The time period of vibration is found to be M
2 seconds . The same needle is then allowed to vibrate in the (a) (b) M
horizontal plane and the time period is again found to be 2
seconds. Then the angle of dip is
(a) 0 o
(b) 30 o

O T
(c) 45 o
(d) 90 o
M M T
O
22. The unit for molar susceptibility is
(c) (d)
(a) m 3
(b) kg-m –3

(c) kg m –1 3
(d) No units
23. A short magnet oscillates with a time period 0.1 s at a place where T T
3. The variation
O ( ) with temperature for a
of magnetic susceptibility O
horizontal magnetic field is 24 T . A downward current of 18 A is
diamagnetic substance is best represented by
established in a vertical wire 20 cm east of the magnet. The new
 
time period of oscillator
(a) (b)
(a) 0.1 s (b) 0.089 s
O T O T
(c) 0.076 s (d) 0.057 s
24. A dip needle lies initially in the magnetic meridian when it shows an
angle of dip  at a place. The dip circle is rotated through an angle  
x in the horizontal plane and then it shows an angle of dip   . (c) (d)

tan  
Then is
tan 
O T O T
1 1
(a) (b)
cos x sin x 4. The variation of magnetic susceptibility ( ) with magnetising field
for a paramagnetic substance is
1
(c) (d) cos x (+) (+)
tan x
(a)  (b) 
25. A dip circle is adjusted so that its needle moves freely in the
magnetic meridian. In this position, the angle of dip is 40°. Now the O H O H
dip circle is rotated so that the plane in which the needle moves
makes an angle of 30° with the magnetic meridian. In this position
the needle will dip by an angle (c) (+) (d) (+)
[DCE 2005]  
O H
(a) 40° (b) 30°
(c) More than 40° (d) Less than 40° O H

5. The variation of magnetic susceptibility ( ) with absolute

temperature T for a ferromagnetic material is

 
(a) (b)
1. For substances hysteresis (B - H) curves are given as shown in
figure. For making temporary magnet which of the following is best.
O T O T
B B
(a) (b) 
(c) (d) 
O T
H H

O T
 Magnetism 1269

6. The relative permeability ( r ) of a ferromagnetic substance varies

with temperature (T) according to the curve
r C (a) 57 K (b) 2.8  10 3 K
100
A
(c) 570 K (d) 17.5  10 3 K
10
11. The figure illustrate how B, the flux density inside a sample of
B unmagnetised ferromagnetic material varies with B , the magnetic
1.0 0

flux density in which the sample is kept. For the sample to be

0.1 D suitable for making a permanent magnet
T [AMU 2001]
(a) A Tc (b) B
B
P
(c) C (d) D Q
7. The basic magnetization curve for a ferromagnetic material is shown R
B0
in figure. Then, the value of relative permeability is highest for the O
point
S
1.5
R S (a) OQ should be large, OR should be small
B (Tesla)

1.0 (b) OQ and OR should both be large

Q
0.5 (c) OQ should be small and OR should be large
P
(d) OQ and OR should both be small
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12. The variation of the intensity of magnetisation (I) with respect to
H ( 103 A/m) the magnetising field (H) in a diamagnetic substance is described by
the graph [KCET 2002]
(a) P (b) Q B
+I
(c) R (d) S
A
8. Which curve may best represent the current deflection in a tangent
galvanometer O H

 C
c –I
D
 a b d
(a) OD (b) OC
2
(c) OB (d) OA
i 13. For ferromagnetic material, the relative permeability (r ) , versus
(a) A (b) B magnetic intensity (H) has the following shape
(c) C (d) D
(a) r (b) r
9. Some equipotential surfaces of the magnetic scalar potential are
shown in the figure. Magnetic field at a point in the region is
V
(T-m) 0.2×10–4 0.3×10–4 H
0.1×10–4 0.4×10–4 H
30° 30° 30° 30° r
10 20 30 40
x(cm) (c) (d) r

(a) 10 4 T (b) 2  10 4 T H H
4
14. The most appropriate magnetization M versus magnetising field H
(c) 0.5  10 T (d) None of these curve for a paramagnetic substance is
10. The   1 / T graph for an alloy of paramagnetic nature is shown in M C
Fig. The curie constant is, then + A
 0 H
0.4
– B
0.3
D
0.2
0.1
0
0 2 4 6 7
1/T(in 10–3 K–1)
 1270 Magnetism
(a) A (b) B Reason : As temperature rises, the alignment of molecular
magnets gradually decreases.
(c) C (d) D
11. Assertion : Soft iron is used as transformer core.
Reason : Soft iron has narrow hysteresis loop.
12. Assertion : Magnetism is relativistic.
Reason : When we move along with the charge so that there
is no motion relative to us, we find no magnetic
field associated with the charge.
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of 13. Assertion : The earth’s magnetic field does not affect the
the options given below: working of a moving coil galvanometer.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct
explanation of the assertion. Reason : Earth’s magnetic field is very weak.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct 14. Assertion : A paramagnetic sample display greater
explanation of the assertion. magnetisation (for the same magnetising field)
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false. when cooled.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true. Reason : The magnetisation does not depend on
temperature.
1. Assertion : We cannot think of magnetic field configuration 15. Assertion : Electromagnets are made of soft iron.
with three poles.
Reason : Coercivity of soft iron is small.
Reason : A bar magnet does exert a torque on itself due to 16. Assertion : To protect any instrument from external magnetic
its own field. [AIIMS 2002] field, it is put inside an iron body.
2. Assertion : The poles of magnet cannot be separated by Reason : Iron is a magnetic substance.
breaking into two pieces. 17. Assertion : When a magnet is brought near iron nails, only
Reason : The magnetic moment will be reduced to half when translatory force act on it.
a magnet is broken into two equal pieces.[SCRA 1994] Reason : The field due to a magnet is generally uniform.
3. Assertion : Basic difference between an electric line and 18. Assertion : When a magnetic dipole is placed in a non uniform
magnetic field, only a torque acts on the dipole.
magnetic line of force is that former is
discontinuous and the latter is continuous or Reason : Force would also acts on dipole if magnetic field
were uniform.
endless.
19. Assertion : Reduction factor (K) of a tangent galvanometer
Reason : No electric lines of forces exist inside a charged helps in reducing deflection to current.
body but magnetic lines do exist inside a magnet. Reason : Reduction factor increases with increase of current.
4. Assertion : Magnetic moment of an atom is due to both, the 20. Assertion : The susceptibility of diamagnetic materials does not
orbital motion and spin motion of every electron. depend upon temperature.
Reason : A charged particle produces a magnetic field. Reason : Every atom of a diamagnetic material is not a
5. Assertion : When radius of circular loop carrying current is complete magnet in itself.
doubled, its magnetic moment becomes four times. 21. Assertion : The permeability of a ferromagnetic material is
independent of the magnetic field.
Reason : Magnetic moment depends on area of the loop.
Reason : Permeability of a material is a constant quantity.
6. Assertion : The earth’s magnetic field is due to iron present in
its core. 22. Assertion : For a perfectly diamagnetic substance permeability
is always one.
Reason : At a high temperature magnet losses its magnetic
property or magnetism. Reason : The ability of a material of permit the passage of
7. Assertion : A compass needle when placed on the magnetic magnetic lines of force through it is called magnetic
north pole of the earth rotates in vertical direction. permeability.
Reason : The earth has only horizontal component of its 23. Assertion : Gauss theorem is not applicable in magnetism.
magnetic field at the north poles. Reason : Mono magnetic pole does not exist.
8. Assertion : The tangent galvanometer can be made more 24. Assertion : Magnetic moment of helium atom is zero.
sensitive by increasing the number of turns of its Reason : All the electron are paired in helium atom orbitals.
coil.
25. Assertion : For making permanent magnets, steel is preferred
Reason : Current through galvanometer is proportional to over soft iron.
the number of turns of coil. Reason : As retentivity of steel is smaller.
9. Assertion : The ferromagnetic substance do not obey Curie’s
law.
Reason : At Curie point a ferromagnetic substance start
behaving as a paramagnetic substance.
10. Assertion : The properties of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic
substance are not effected by heating.
 Magnetism 1271

26 a 27 c 28 a 29 a 30 a
Magnet and It's Properties 31 b 32 d 33 b 34 d 35 a
36 c 37 b 38 d 39 b 40 a
1 b 2 d 3 c 4 d 5 b
41 b 42 d 43 d 44 d 45 c
6 d 7 b 8 c 9 c 10 a
46 b 47 b 48 d 49 c 50 d
11 c 12 d 13 c 14 b 15 a
51 c 52 d 53 c 54 b 55 a
16 a 17 b 18 c 19 d 20 b
56 a 57 c 58 a 59 a 60 c
21 a 22 c 23 c 24 d 25 d
61 d 62 a 63 c 64 d 65 b
26 d 27 a 28 a 29 b 30 a
66 b 67 a 68 c 69 b 70 b
31 a 32 b 33 a 34 c 35 c
71 c 72 c 73 b
36 b 37 b 38 c 39 b 40 c
41 c 42 b 43 a 44 d 45 d Magnetic Materials
46 b 47 d 48 a 49 a 50 d
1 c 2 a 3 a 4 d 5 b
51 c 52 b 53 b 54 c 55 b
6 b 7 d 8 c 9 d 10 b
56 b 57 c 58 b 59 c 60 b
11 a 12 c 13 c 14 a 15 ab
61 b 62 d 63 a 64 a 65 c
16 d 17 b 18 b 19 c 20 b
66 b 67 b 68 b 69 a 70 b
21 d 22 b 23 c 24 b 25 c
71 c 72 b 73 c 74 d 75 d
26 b 27 b 28 a 29 c 30 c
76 a 77 d 78 c 79 d 80 a
31 d 32 a 33 c 34 b 35 b
81 a 82 b 83 a 84 b 85 a
36 d 37 b 38 b 39 c 40 b
86 b 87 a 88 a 89 d 90 b
41 d 42 c 43 d 44 d 45 a
91 d 92 c
46 b 47 c 48 c 49 a 50 d

Earth Magnetism Critical Thinking Questions

1 b 2 d 3 b 4 a 5 c 1 b 2 d 3 d 4 a 5 d
6 c 7 d 8 d 9 b 10 a 6 b 7 c 8 b 9 b 10 b
11 c 12 a 13 d 14 d 15 c 11 a 12 c 13 c 14 a 15 a
16 c 17 a 18 d 19 b 20 e 16 d 17 c 18 d 19 d 20 c
21 b 22 d 23 a 24 d 25 b 21 c 22 a 23 c 24 a 25 c
26 d 27 a 28 a 29 d 30 b
31 d 32 a 33 c 34 a 35 a
Graphical Questions
36 c 37 a 38 d 39 a 40 a 1 d 2 c 3 b 4 a 5 a
41 a 42 c 43 c 44 c 45 a 6 c 7 b 8 b 9 b 10 a

46 b 47 c 48 a 49 a 50 c 11 b 12 b 13 d 14 a

51 b 52 c 53 b 54 d 55 c
Assertion and Reason
56 a 57 a 58 b 59 a
1 d 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 b
Magnetic Equipments 6 e 7 d 8 b 9 b 10 e

1 d 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 d 11 a 12 a 13 a 14 c 15 a

6 d 7 a 8 c 9 c 10 b 16 a 17 d 18 d 19 c 20 c

11 c 12 a 13 a 14 a 15 b 21 d 22 e 23 a 24 a 25 b

16 b 17 b 18 d 19 b 20 c
21 c 22 c 23 c 24 c 25 a
 1272 Magnetism

Magnet and it's Properties

1. (b) On bending a rod it’s pole strength remains unchanged where
as its magnetic moment changes.
 2L  2M
New magnetic moment M   m(2 R)  m  
   

S N
 S N
2. (d) L L' = 2 R
0 2 M 0 M
3. (c) Ba  
4 d 3 2 d 3
4. (d)
5. (b) If cut along the axis of magnet of length l, then new pole
m
strength m   and new length l  l
2
m ml M
 New magnetic moment M    l  
2 2 2

S N S N
If cut perpendicular to the axis of magnet, then new pole
strength m   m and new length, l  l / 2
l ml M
 New magnetic moment M   m   
2 2 2
 Magnetism 1275

0 2 M x   3x 
3 3
6. (d) For a magnet B  . (Nearly) 22. (c) B
1 B
 1   2     
27
4 x 3 x3 B2  x 1   x  1
3
B1  x1 
3
 x  1 3
   M1  d1 
3
   (Approx.)  40  64
B2  x 2   2x  23. (c) For null deflection     
M 2  d 2 
8
  50  125
m 24. (d)
7. (b) For each part m  
2 0  6 MM  
25. (d) F   in end-on position.
S N S
4  d
4

N A/2
S N
S N S N A/2 26. (d) Work done MB(cos 1  cos  2 )
L
L/2 L/2  1  0 o and  2  180 o
2 2
 W  MBcos 0  cos 180   2 MB
2 2
B1 d 1  d 22  l 2  12.5 10  400  l 2  27. (a) Pole strength doesn’t depend upon the length.
8. (c)    

B2 d 2  d1  l 
2 2 
1 20  100  l 2 
 28. (a) Torque   MBH sin

 l  5 cm  0.1  10  3  4  10  3  sin 30 o  10 7  4 
1
2
Hence length of magnet  2l  10 cm
 2  10 7 N  m
2M M B 29. (b) Number of lines of force passing through per unit area
9. (c) B1  . B2  3 ;  1  2 : 1
d3 d B2 normally is intensity of magnetic field, hence option (c) is
incorrect. The correct option is (b).
10. (a)
Flux
1 30. (a) Flux  B  A;  B   W eber / m 2
2
11. (c)   MB sin  48  25  10  0.15   0.9 N  m A
2 31. (a)
2M M m
12. (d) B1  and B2  3 32. (b) B in C.G.S. system.
x3
2
y d
As B1  B2 33. (a) W  MB(cos 1  cos  2 )  MB(cos 0 o  cos 60 o )
 1  MB
2M M x3 x  MB 1   
Hence 3
 3 or 3  2 or  21 / 3  2 2
x y y y

13. (c) Work done W  MBH 1  cos   and   MB sin  MB sin 60 o  MB

3
2

 20  0 .3 1  cos 30  6  1 

3 
2 
 3 2 3    MB 
    3   3 W
  2 
14. (b) Magnetic intensity on end side-on position is twice than broad 34. (c)
side on position.
S N  S N NIV. S
2M
15. (a) Along the axis of magnet Ba  3  200 guass 2L L L
X
M Pole strength of each part =m
 Ba   100 guass
X3 Magnetic moment of each part
16. (a) M
 M   m L   mL 
17. (b) 2
18. (c) 35. (c)
19. (d) Provided length of magnet is <<the distance. S
l
20. (b) Permeability of soft iron is maximum, so maximum lines of N
force tries to pass through the soft iron. 
S N M
21. (a) Plane of coil is having angle  with the magnetic field. 
M l
  MB sin(90   ) or   niAB cos  [As M =niA] Mnet  2 M  2ml.
36. (b)
 1276 Magnetism
m1m 2 57. (c) Inside a magnet, magnetic lines of force move form south pole
37. (b) F 2
to north pole.
r 58. (b) Magnetic moment of circular loop carrying current
2
10 1 7 2

 
m  L 
2
4M
38. (c) F  10 7    10 7 N M  IA  I R 2  I   
IL2
L
r2 12  2  4 I
MH 59. (c)
(b)   MH sin  MH sin 30 
o
39.
2 60. (b) Concept of magnetic screening.
40. (c) 61. (b) Repulsion is the sure test of magnetism.
62. (d)
0  6 MM  
41. (c) F   in end-on position between two small 63. (a)
4  d4  64. (a) C max  MB  4  10 5  M  10 4  M  0.4 A  m 2
magnets.
 W eber
 6  10  10  65. (c) Magnetic flux   BA  B    Tesla
 F  10 7    0.6 N A m2
 0 .14 
  66. (b) 
M 
42. (b) Mnet
N
d S N 
43. (a)   MB H sin or  MBH cos 
d S 
M
This will be maximum. when   0 o .
 M net  M 2  M 2  2 M
44. (d) W  MBcos 1  cos  2 ; 1  0 o and  2  360 o  W  0 67. (b) Suppose magnetic field is zero at point P. Which lies at a
45. (d) distance x from 10 unit pole. Hence at P
10 unit 40 unit
46. (b) W1  MB(cos 0 o  cos 90 o )  MB(1  0)  MB P

 1  MB x (30 – x)
W2  MB(cos 0 o  cos 60 o )  MB1   
 2 2 30 cm
0 10 0 40
W1  2W2  n  2 .  .  x  10 cm
4 x 2 4 30  x 2
1
47. (d) In magnetic dipole, force  So from stronger pole distance is 20 cm.
r4 68. (b)   MB sin  mL B sin
Hence new force  4.8  4 .8  0 .3 N  (40  10  10 2 )  2  10 4  sin 45
4
2 16
 0.565  10 3 N  m
48. (a) Magnetic moment of bar M  10 4 J / T
69. (a) Potential energy U  MB cos 
B  4  10 5 T
 Umax  MH(at   180o )
Hence work done W  M .B
70. (b)   MB sin
 10 4  4  10 5  cos 60 o  0.2 J   200  0.25  sin 30  25 N  m.
49. (a) 71. (c) If pole strength, magnetic moment and length of each part are
50. (d) m , M  and L  respectively then
0 2 M 2  1.25 P Q
51. (c) B  10 7   2  10 6 N / A  m
4 d 3 0.5 3
S N S N S N
52. (b) S N

53. (b) m
m  m  m
B1 Bnet 2
S
1 L
• S N 2 L  L L 
P B2 2
N
M M
54. (c)  M   M 
2 2
55. (b)   MB H sin  0.032  M  0.16  sin 30 o
72. (b)   M  B    50ˆi  (0.5ˆi  3ˆj)
 M  0.4 J / tesla
 M
 
 150 ˆi  ˆj  150kˆ N  m.
56. (b) B equatorial  0 3 73. (c)   MB sin    sin
4 r
 Magnetism 1277

 1 sin 1  sin 90 0 2M 2  1.2

    90. (b) B .  B  10 7   2 .4  10  4 T
 2 sin 2  / 2 sin 2 4 d3 0.13
91. (d) B2
1
 sin 2    2  30 o S
2 2
1 S N •
 angle of rotation  0 Å  30  60 P B1
N
74. (d) 0.1m 0.1m
M
75. (d) F  mB  F  B
L From figure B net  B a 2  B e 2

3
 6  10 4   2  10 5  L  0.1 m.   2M   M
2

2
L   0 . 3    0 . 3 
 4 d   4 d 
76. (a)   MB sin    (mL)B sin
0 M 10
 25  10 6  (m  5  10 2 )  5  10 2  sin30  5. .  5  10 7  = 5  10 3 Tesla.
4 d 3 (0 .1) 3
 m  2  10 2 A  m .
92. (c)   MB sin  m  (2l)  B sin
77. (d)
78. (c) Monopole do not exists.  10 4  0.1  30 sin 30  1.5  10 4 Nm
79. (d)
80. (a) Earth Magnetism
81. (a)
W BH
Magnetic Axis N 1. (b) N2
B
N S
S E N 20cm
Magnetic S
Meridian
W E N
20cm
82. (b) W  MB(1  cos ); where   180 o S BH
N1
 W  2 MB  W  2  2  5  10 3  2  10 2 J At neutral point B
83. (a) Torque on a bar magnet in earths magnetic field (B ) is 2M
B  BH   0 .3  M  1.2  10 3 emu .
H

  MBH sin .  will be maximum if sin  = maximum i.e. 

20 3
= 90 . Hence axis of the magnet is perpendicular to the field of
o

earth. 2. (d) No magnetic lines of force passes through the steel box.
84. (b) 3. (b) At magnetic poles, the angle of dip is 90 . Hence the horizontal o

component B H  B cos  0.
85. (a) Both points A and B lying on the axis of the magnet and on
axial position 4. (a)
3 5. (c)
d 
3
1 B  48  8
B  A   B      6. (c)
d3 BB  d A   24  1
BV 1
7. (d) B H  3 B V , also tan       30 o
86. (b) W  MB(1  cos  )  2  0.1  (1  cos 90 o )  0.2 J BH 3
87. (a) M  mL  4  10  10 2  0.4 A  m 2 8. (d) At magnetic equator, the angle of dip is 0 . Hence the vertical o

88. (a) Similar to solution (1) component V  I sin  0.

New magnetic moment 9. (b)
2 10. (a)
2M 2mL 2  0 .5  31.4  10
M'     0.1 amp  m 2
  3.14 11. (c) B V  H H tan  ; If B V  B H , then tan   1 or   45 o
89. (d) Magnetic potential at a distance d from the bar magnet on it's 12. (a) The horizontal components are (B H )1  B cos 1 and
axial line is given by
(B H )2  B cos  2
0 M V M
V .  VM  1  1
4 d 2 V2 M 2 (BH )1 cos 1 cos 30 o 3 3
     2 
(B H )2 cos 2 cos 45 o
2 2
V M V
   V2 
V2 M / 4 4 13. (d) From the relation B H  B cos  and B V  B sin
 1278 Magnetism

BV 37. (a) The vertical component of earth’s magnetic field is zero at

 tan  or B V  B H tan  equator where angle of dip is also zero.
BH
38. (d) B0  V0 also total intensity B  B 02  V02  B  2B 0
 0.36  10 4  tan 60 o  0.623  10 4 W b / m 2
39. (a) At poles magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of earth.
14. (d) From the relation B V  I sin 40. (a)
41. (a)
V 6  10 5 6  10 5 42. (c) At neutral point
I    9.2  10 5 tesla
sin sin 40.6 o 0 .65 Magnetic field due Magnetic field due

15. (c) to magnet to earth
BH 0 .5 0.5 1  0 2M 2  6 .75
16. (c) B H  B cos  ;  B     . 3  5  10 5  10 7   5  10 5
cos  cos 30 o
3 /2 3 4 d d3
17. (a)  d  0.3 m  30 cm
18. (d) 43. (c) As they enter the magnetic field of the earth, they are deflected
19. (b) away from the equator.
44. (c)
20. (e )
M BH M
21. (b)
22. (d) S N
Mnet Mnet
 
B 0.173 1 .73 3 1 S N
23. (a) tan   V        30 o
BH 0.30 3.0 3 3 2M
2M
M 1 1
24. (d) B H  B cos   0.64  cos 60 o  0.64 
1
 0.32 units  tan       tan 1 
2 2M 2 2
25. (b) 45. (a)
26. (d) BH Bo
46. (b) B H  B sin  B  B  2 B0
27. (a) sin sin 45 o
28. (a) BH  0.3 Oersted, I  0.6 Oersted 47. (c)
48. (a)
B H 0 .3 1 49. (a)
We have B H  I cos   cos     N BH BH
I 0.6 2
N
  60 o W E N1 N2
29. (d) S
B B
30. (b) S
N BH BH
N N and N are two null points. And
1 2

N2 N1 B H  Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field

W E S
S B B B = Magnetic field due to bar magnet.
M 50. (c)
31. (d) At broad side-on position B 
d3 BH BH 2BH
51. (b) B H  B cos   B  B 
M1 M2 M1 M2 M1 3 cos  cos 30 o 3
r 1
  or  or  3 
d 13 d 23 r 3
8r 3
M 2 8r 8 52. (c) By using BH  B cos 
(0.22)2 – (0.4)2

32. (a) BH 0 .22

 cos   
B 0 .4 0.4
33. (c) B 2  BV2  BH2  BV  B 2  BH2  (0.5)2  (0.3)2  0.4
(0 .4 )2  (0 .22)2 
 tan  
BV 0 .4 4 4
Now tan        tan 1   . 0 .22 0.22
BH 0 . 3 3 3
   tan 1 (1.518)
34. (a) Horizontal component B H  B cos  53. (b)
B 54. (d) At equator angle of dip is zero.
Total intensity of earth magnetic field B  H
cos  55. (c)
56. (a) In given case H and H are
1.8  10 5 1.8  10 5 HO
0

   2.08  10 5 W b / m 2 perpendicular to each other.

o
cos 30 3 /2 H
From figure tan   0
35. (a) H 
36. (c) H
 Magnetism 1279

H 
   tan 1  0  T  2
I
, At poles B H  0 so T  
 H  MB H
57. (a) 11. (c)
58. (b)
59. (a) T1 M2 4M 2
12. (a)   2  2  T2  1 sec
T2 M1 M T2
Magnetic Equipments
I
13. (a) T  2
1. (d) MB H
2. (c)
3. (a) I  40 gm  cm 2  400  10 8 kg  m 2

Is 400  10 8
4. (b) In sum position : TS  2  3  2
(M 1  M 2 )B H 36  10 6  M
1 9 36
In difference position : Td  2
Id     M  0.5 A  m 2
(M 1  M 2 )B H M 4 2 4
14. (a)
It is clear that Td  Ts
15. (b) Because moment of inertia increases i.e. T  I
I T (B H )2 (B H )1
5. (d) T  2 ; 1   T2  T1
MBH T2 (B H )1 (B H )2 I T (B H ) 2
16. (b) T  2  1 
MBH T2 (B H )1
1
Here n=30 oscillation /min 
1
oscillation/sec
2
 T2  T
(BH )1

T
 (B H )2  4(B H )1 
1 (BH )2 2
 T1   2 sec
n1
1
17. (b) In sum position T  and in difference position
 T2  2
BH
 2
1
 2 sec M1  M 2
2BH 2 1
T
6. (d) M1  M 2
1 T M2
7. (a) T  2  1  32 2M  M
MB H T2 M1    T 2  9  3 sec 2
T 2
2M  M
M T2
 1  22 
60 / 15 2  4
 T  3 3 sec
M2 T1 60 / 10 2 9
18. (d)
8. (c) When magnet of length l is cut into four equal parts. then
20 1 15 1
m 
m l
and l  ;  M    
m l ml M
 19. (b) Given  1   sec 1 and  2   sec 1
2 2 2 2 4 4 60 3 60 4

MB cos 
w 1
. 
2
Now  
1 MBH

1
 BH  B cos  
2 2 I 2 I
wl 4 2 1 wl 2
New moment of inertia I    . 2 2
12 12 16 12 1 B1 cos 1 B    cos 2 
   1   1 


 cos  

Here w is the mass of magnet. 2 B 2 cos  2 B2   2   1 

1 I 2
B1  1 / 3  cos 60 16 1 / 2
I   I ; Time period of each part T   2      
16
.
16 M B H B2  1 / 4  cos 30 9 3 /2 9 3

I / 16 I T 1 T1 M2 1 .5 M1 / 4 1
 2  2  20. (c) T     
(M / 4 )B H 4 MBH 2 M T2 M1 T2 M1 2

 T2  3 sec
I1  I 2
9. (c) T  2
(M 1  M 2 )B H 1 MBH
21. (c)     M
2 I
Here M 1  M 2  M,  T  
10. (b) Time period in vibration magnetometer
 1280 Magnetism

A MA 2 MA T 2 MB 225  5  10 5  8  10 4
     M A  4MB or I  
B MB 1 MB 4 2 4 2

I 1 M T
2
 4  I  7.16  10 7 kg  m 2
22. (c) T  2 T   A   B  

MB H M M B  TA  1
I
33. (b) T  2  4 sec
1 MBH MB H
23. (c) No. of oscillation per minute 
2 I When magnet is cut into two equal halves, then New magnetic
 n  MBH ; M  4 times moment M  
M
BH  2 times 2

So   8 times i.e.    8  2 2n New moment of inertia I 

w / 2 l / 2 2 
1 wl 2
.
12 8 12
24. (c)
N Where w is the initial mass of the magnet
mBH
W E wl 2 I
But I  ;  I 
S 12 8
mBH
I
I 1 T HB  New time period T   2
25. (a) T  2 T   A  M B H
MH H TB HA
2 I/8 1 I 1 1
H A  TB 
2
3 9  2  2   T   4  2 sec
      . M / 2 B H
H B  TA 
 2 4 2 MH 2 2

34. (d)
I w(l 2  b 2 )
26. (a) T  2 and I  ; T  w
MBH 12 2 RB H
35. (a) K (R = radius, N= number of turns)
0 N
(w = Mass of the magnet)
(I1  I2 ) 1
27. (c) TSum  2 36. (c) T . Since magnetic moment decreases with increase in
(M 1  M 2 )B H M
temperature hence time period T increases.
I1  I2
Tdiff  2   2 RB H
(M1  M 2 )BH 37. (b) Sensitivity S   where K 
i K tan  0 N
Ts T M1  M 2 2M  M 1 For increasing sensitivity K should be decreased and hence
  1   
Td T2 M1  M 2 2M  M 3 number of turns should be increased.
38. (d) In the first galvanometer
I T B B
28. (a) T  2   
MB T B BH i1  K1 tan  1  K1 tan 60 o  K1 3
In the second galvanometer
T 1 1 T
    2  T 
T cos  cos 60 o 2 i2  K 2 tan  2  K 2 tan 45 o  K 2

29. (a) K1 1
In series i = i  K1 3  K 2  
K2
1 2

30. (a) 3
2rB
31. (b) For tangent galvanometer I  tan  But K 
1

K1 n2
 
n1

3
.
0n n K 2 n1 n2 1
I 0 n 0 .1  4  10 7  50
 tan     1 .12 I
2rB 0 .04  7  10 5  2 39. (b) T  2 . If Q is an identical bar magnet then time
MB H
or   tan 1 1.12  48.2 o 2I
period of system will be T   2 T
(2 M )BH
I
32. (d) Time period of a magnet T  2
MB
40. (a) Frequency   B H
 Magnetism 1281

41. (b) In tangent galvanometer, I  tan  3 d

  1  0 .18 m
2 0.12
I1 tan 1 I1 tan 45 0
   
I2 tan  2 I1 / 3 tan  2 I 1 T M2
53. (c) T  2 T   1 
MB H M T2 M1
1
 3 tan  2  1  tan  2    2  30 o If M =100 than M (100 – 19) = 81
3 1 2

So deflection will decrease by 45 - 30 = 15 . T1 81 9 10

   T2  T1  1 .11 T1
o o o

So
42. (d) From figure at equilibrium T2 100 10 9
H
H  Time period increases by 11%
tan 60 
F 60° I 1
54. (b) T  2 T 
H F 1 F M  BH BH
 3   
F H 3
T1 (B H ) 2 60 / 40 (B H ) 2
43. (d) In balance condition B 2  B1 tan     
B2 = 3 T
T2 (B H )1 2.5 0 .1  10 5

3  (B H )2  0.36  10 6 T
 tan  
1 
2rBH
B1 = 1T 55. (a) i tan 
   60 o 0 N
44. (d) In the sum and difference method of vibration magnetometer 2  15  10 2  3  10 5
i  tan 45 o  i  0.29 A
M1 T22  T12 4  10 7  25

M2 T22  T12 I 1
56. (a) T  2 ; I  3 times and M  times
1 60 1 60 MB H 3
Here T1    5 sec . T2    15 sec
n1 12 n2 4 So T  3 times i.e. T   3T0
M1 15 2  5 2 225  25 5 57. (c) In case of tangent galvanometer as
   
M 2 15 2  5 2 225  25 4 i  k tan 
45. (c) Differentiating both side w.r.t. 

i1 tan  1 3 tan 30 o di
 k sec 2   di  k sec 2 d 
46. (b) i  tan         45 o
i2 tan  2 3 tan  2 d
di d 2d 
I wl 2 / 12   
47. (b) T  2  2 i sin cos  sin 2
MB Pole strength 2l  B
Hence the error in the measurement will be least when
T  W l sin2  max  1  2  90 o    45 o
T2 w 2 l2 w1 / 2 l1 / 2 1 58. (a)
     
T1 w1 l1 w1 l1 2 T
59. (a) T 
T1 n
 T2   0 .5 sec
2 TA (B H ) B (B H ) B
60 / 10
60. (c)   
48.
T 2
(d) T    T    1sec
TB (B H ) A 60 / 20 36  10 6
n 2
49. (c) It is due to the magnetic field produced by coil.  (B H )B  144  10 6 T

50. (d) i1 tan 1

61. (d) i  tan   
i2 tan  2
I
51. (c) T  2  T  I  w  T   2 T0
MBH 2 tan 30
   i2  6 amp
i2 tan 60
3 3
M 1  d1  27  d 1 
52. (d)       62. (a) In tangent galvanometer experiment. The plane of the coil
M 2  d 2 
 8  0 .12  firstly set in the magnetic meridian.
 1282 Magnetism
2
63. (c) T
1
T 
1
; If m  4 times. B1 T22 cos 2  3  cos 60 B 9
  2     1 
M m B2 T1 cos 1  2  cos 30 B2 4 3
1 T 2 72. (c) Time period of combination
T times i.e. T '    1 sec M
2 2 2
2I
M1 tan  1 m L tan  1 T  2 …..(i) N
64. (d)   1 1  2 M .H S N M
M2 tan  2 m 2 L2 tan  2
and time period of each magnet S
m 2 tan 45 2 3
 1    I
m 2 1 tan 30 1 T   2 ……(ii)
MH
65. (b) B  BH tan   0.34  10 4 tan 30  1.96  10 5 T from (i) and (ii) we get
i1 tan 1 T
66. (b) i  tan    T   2 1 / 4 T
i2 tan  2 2 1/4

0 .1 tan 30 1 0 ni
    i2  0 .3 A 73. (b) B  BH tan    BH tan 
i2 tan 60 3 2r

67. (a) As T  I ; where I = moment of inertia 2r. B H tan  2  0 .1  4  10 5

 i  = 1.1A
0 n 10  4  10 7
wL2
 T  w (w = Mass of magnet. If
12
w  quadrupled, then T  doubled i.e. T   2T Magnetic Materials
T 1. (c)
68. (c) Oscillation of n part of magnet T ' 
th

n 2. (a) Neon atom is diamagnetic, hence it’s net magnetic moment is

T 1 T 1 zero.
  ; here n = 2 so  . 3. (a) Soft iron is highly ferromagnetic.
T n T 2
4. (d)
I w(L2  b 2 )
69. (b) T  2 ; where I  5. (b) On heating, different domains have net magnetisation in them
M BH 12
which are randomly distributes. Thus the net magnetisastion of
(w =Mass of magnet) the substance due to various domains decreases to minimum.
6. (b) Repelled due to induction of similar poles.
 T  w , If w  four times then T  Two times
7. (d) From the characteristic of B-H curve.
70. (b) Initially, the time period of the magnet 8. (c)
I 9. (d)
T  2  2 ..... (i)
MB 10. (b)
11. (a)
I
For each part, it’s moment of inertia  and magnetic 12. (c) The property of paramagnetism is found in these substances
27
whose atoms have an excess of electrons spinning in the same
M direction. Hence atoms of paramagnetic substances have a net
moment 
3 non-zero magnetic moment of their own.
I I 13. (c)
 Moment of inertia of system I s  3 
27 9 14. (a)

M 15. (a, b)
Magnetic moment of system M s  3  M
3 16. (d)  m   r  1   m  5500  1  5499
Time period of system 17. (b)
18. (b)
Is 1 I T 2
Ts  2   2   sec 19. (c)
MsB 3 MB 3 3
20. (b) Because, diamagnetic substance, moves from stronger magnetic
1 1 T B2 cos 2 field to weaker field.
71. (c) T   1  21. (d)
BH B cos  T2 B1 cos 1
 Magnetism 1283
22. (b) With rise in temperature their magnetic susceptibility decreases
1 1. (b) With respect to 1 magnet, P lies in end side-on position
i.e.  m 
st

T
0  2M 
23. (c)  B1    (RHS)
4  d 3 
24. (b)
25. (c) Diamagnetic substances are repelled by magnetic field.
2m
26. (b) As we know for circulating electron magnetic moment B2 S
S N 2
1
M  evr ...... (i) P B1 N
2 1
1m
and angular momentum J  mvr ...... (ii)
eJ With respect to 2 magnet. P lies in broad side on position.
nd

From equation (i) and (ii) M 

2m
0  M 
27. (b)  B2    (Upward)
4  d 3 
28. (a)
29. (c) The energy lost per unit volume of a substance in a complete 2 1 B
cycle of magnetisation is equal to the area of the hysteresis B1  10 7   2  10 7 T , B 2  1  10 7 T
1 2
loop.
30. (c) As B and B are mutually perpendicular, hence the resultant
1 2

31. (d) magnetic field

32. (a) A diamagnetic rod set itself perpendicular to the field if free to
rotate between the poles of a magnet as in this situation the B R  B12  B 22  (2  10 7 )2  (10 7 )2  5  10 7 T
field is strongest near the poles.
2. (d) 
B1
1 2
S
N N S S N S S N
N r
 
M1 M2
33. (c)
34. (b) Both the magnets are placed in the field of one another, hence
potential energy of dipole (2) is
35. (b) Diamagnetic substances are repelled by the magnetic field.
0 2M1
36. (d) U 2   M 2 B1 cos 0   M 2 B1  M 2  .
4 r 3
37. (b)
dU
38. (b) By using F   , Force on magnet (2) is
dr
39. (c)
40. (b) dU2 d   0 2 M1 M 2   M M
F2     .    0 .6 1 4 2
dr dr  4 r3  4 r
41. (d) Net magnetic induction B  B0  Bm  0 H  0 M
0 6 M1 M 2
42. (c) It can be proved F1  F2  F  .
4 r4
B
43. (d) r  4 1
B0 F
r4
44. (d)
45. (a) 3. (d) At point P net magnetic field Bnet  B12  B 22
46. (b) 0 2M  M
where B1  . and B 2  0 . 3
47. (c) 4 d 3 4 d
48. (c) Susceptibility of diamagnetic substance is negative and it does
0 5M
not change with temperature.  Bnet  .
4 d3
49. (a)
2
50. (d) When a ferromagnetic material in heated above its curie
temperature then it behaves like paramagnetic material. 1 d d N
P B1
S N
Critical Thinking Questions S
B2
 1284 Magnetism
H 1
or 
B F 3
4. (a) Let the real dip be , then tan   V
BH 9. (b) Relation for dipole moment is, M  I  V . Volume of the
For apparent dip, cylinder V  rr 2 l , Where r is the radius and l is the length
BV BV 2 BV of the cylinder, then dipole moment,
tan  '   
B H cos  B H cos 30 o 22
3 BH M  Ir 2l  (5.30  10 3 )   (0.5  10  2 )2 (5  10  2 )
7
2  3
or tan 45 o  . tan  or   tan 1    2.08  10 2 J / T
 2 
3  
10. (b) For equilibrium of the system torques on M and M due to B 1 2 H

5. (d) Initially must counter balance each other i.e. M 1  B H  M 2  B H . If 

N BH
N is the angle between M and B will be (90   ) ; so
1 H

W E P M 1 B H sin  M 2 B H sin(90   )
S
Be M2 M 1 1
S  tan        tan 1  
Neutral point obtained on equatorial line and at neutral point M1 3M 3 3
B H  Be M N 1.5  10 23  2  10 26
11. (a) I    3  10 3 Amp / m
where B = Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field, B = V V 1
H e

Magnetic field due to bar magnet on it’s equatorial line 12. (c) In equilibrium B1  B 2 tan 
Finally
BH
B2
1 
S
S N S N 2
P Ba B1 N
Point P comes on axial line of the magnet and at P, net
d1 d2
magnetic field B  Ba2  B H2
0 2M 0 M
 .  . tan 
 (2 Be )  (B H )  (2 B H ) 
2 2 2
B H2  5 BH 4 d 13 4 d 23

tan  
d1
 2 cot  1 / 3
6. (b) tan  '  ; where  ' =Apparent angle of dip,
cos  d2

 = True angle of dip,  =Angle made by vertical plane with 13. (c) Resultant magnetic moment of the two magnets is
magnetic meridian.
M net  M 2  M 2  2 M
o
 2   '  tan 1 2 
tan 60
 tan  '  N
cos 30 o P
d
7. (c) Initially magnetic moment of system
S O N
M1  M 2  M 2  2 M and moment of inertia
S
I1  I  I  2 I.
Imagine a short magnet lying along OP with magnetic moment
Finally when one of the magnet is removed then
equal to M 2 . Thus point P lies on the axial line of the
M 2  M and I 2  I
magnet.
I  Magnitude of magnetic field at P is given by
So T  2
M BH 0 2 2M
B .
4 d3
T1 I1 M 2 2I M 25 / 4
     T2  1 / 4  2 sec .
T2 I2 M1 I 2M 2 14. (a) On passing current through the coil, it acts as a magnetic
dipole. Torque acting on magnetic dipole is counter balanced
1 T1 H2 2 HF by the moment of additional weight about position O. Torque
8. (b) T       F  3H acting on a magnetic dipole
H T2 H1 1 H
  MB sin  (NiA)B sin 90 o  NiAB .
 Magnetism 1285

Again   Force  Lever arm  mg  l 18. (d) We have, B   0 H   0 I

 NiAB  mgl B  0 H H   0 H   
or I  or I     1  H
0 0 
 0 
mgl 60  10 3  9 .8  30  10 2
B  = 0.4 T I  ( r  1)H
NiA 200  22  10 3  1  10 4
For a solenoid of n-turns per unit length and current i
15. (a) The weight of upper magnet should be balanced by the
repulsion between the two magnet H = ni
 I  ( r  1)ni  (1000  1)  500  0.5
 m2
 .  50 gm  wt I  2.5  10 5 Am 1
4 r 2
 Magnetic moment M=IV
m2
 10 7   50  10  3  9.8 M  2.5  10 5  10 4 = 25 Am 2

(9  10 6 )

 m  6.64 amp  m 19. (d) The bar magnet coercivity 4  10 3 Am 1 i.e., it requires a
16. (d) Let  be the angle which one of the planes make with the magnetic intensity H  4  10 3 Am 1 to get demagnetised.
magnetic meridian the other plane makes an angle Let i be the current carried by solenoid having n number of
(90 o   ) with it. The components of H in these planes will turns per metre length, then by definition H = ni. Here
be H cos  and H sin respectively. If  1 and  2 are the H  4  10 3 Amp turn metre -1

apparent dips in these two planes, then

N 60
n   500 turn metre –1

l 0 .12
H
H2=H sin

H 4  10 3
(90°–)

i   8 .0 A
n 500
 20. (c) Let M and M be the magnetic moments of magnets and H the
H1=H cos  V
1 2

V horizontal component of earth’s field.

tan 1  i.e. cos   ..... (i)
H cos  H tan  1
We have   MH sin . If  is the twist of wire, then
V V   C , C being restoring couple per unit twist of wire
tan  2  i.e. sin  ..... (ii)
H sin H tan  2
Squaring and adding (i) and (ii), we get  C  MH sin

V
2
 1 1  
cos 2   sin2        Here 1  (180 o  30 o )  150 o  150  rad
H  tan 2  tan 2  2  180
 1 

i.e. 1 
V2
H2

cot 2 1  cot 2  2   2  (270 o  30 o )  240 o  240 
180
rad

H2 So, C1  M1 H sin (For deflection   30 o of I magnet)

or  cot 2 1  cot 2  2 i.e. cot 2   cot 2 1  cot 2  2
V2
C 2  M 2 H sin (For deflection   30 o of II magnet)
This is the required result.
17. (c) The number of atoms per unit volume in a specimen, 1 M 1
Dividing 
N A 2 M 2
n
A
  
For iron,   7.8  10 3 kgm 3 , 150   
M   180   15  5
 1  1 
N A  6.02  10 26 / kgmol, A=56 M 2 2    24 8
240   
7 .8  10 3  6 .02  10 26  180 
n  8.38  10 28 m 3
56  M1 : M 2  5 : 8
Total number of atoms in the bar is
21. (c) In vertical plane perpendicular to magnetic meridian.
N 0  nV  8.38  10 28  (5  10 2  1  10 2  1  10 2 )
I
N 0  4.19  10 23 T  2 ..... (i)
MBV
The saturated magnetic moment of bar
 4.19  10 23  1.8  10 23  7.54 Am 2
 1286 Magnetism

I  2 
In horizontal plane T  2 ..... (ii)  tan  '    tan   tan  '  tan    '  

MB H  3

Equation (i) and (ii) gives B V  B H

Graphical Questions
B
Hence by using tan   V  tan   1    45
o
BH 1. (d) For a temporary magnet the hysteresis loop should be long and
narrow.
22. (a) Molar susceptibility
2. (c) Magnetism of a magnet falls with rise of temperature and
Volume susceptibility becomes practically zero above curie temperature.
  molecular weight
Density of material 3. (b) For a diamagnetic substance  is small, negative and
independent of temperature.
I/H I/H
 M  M 4. (a) Susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is independent of
 M /V
magnetising field.
So it’s unit is m . 3

5. (a) Susceptibility of a ferromagnetic substance falls with rise of

23. (c) BH
BH BH  c 
N N N temperature     and the substance becomes
 T  Tc 
W E paramagnetic above curie temperature, so magnetic
S S susceptibility becomes very small above curie temperature.
S
6. (c)
Initially Finally
B
I I 7. (b) B   0 r H  r  = slope of B- H curve
Initially T  2 , Finally T   2 H
mB H m (B  B H )
According to the given graph, slope of the graph is highest
Where B = Magnetic field due to down ward conductor point Q.
 0 2i 8. (b) i  tan 
 .  18 T
4 a
V 0 .1  10 4
9. (b) | B |    2  10  4 T
T BH T 24 x 0 .1 sin 30 o
     T   0.076 s.
T B  BH 0 .1 18  24

BV 30o 30o
24. (a) In first case tan   ..... (i) 40
BH
10 cm
BV
Second case tan   '
..... (ii)
B H cos x 1 0.4
10. (a) X  C   57 K
T 7  10 3
tan  ' 1
From equation (i) and (ii),  11. (b) In the given figure OQ refers to retentivity while OR refers to
tan  cos x
corecivity, for permanents both retentivity and corecivity
BH cos x should be high.
x 12. (b) Intensity of magnetisation of diamagnetic substance is very
BH small and negative.
I
BV 13. (d) r  1  ; as we know I dependent on H, initially value of
H
I
is smaller so value of  increases with H but slowly but
r

H
B
25. (c) tan   V ... (i) I
BH with further increases of H value of also increases i.e. 
r

H
If apparent dip is  ' then increases speedily. When material fully magnetised I becomes
I
B' V BV BV constant then with the increase of H ( decreases) 
tan  '    H
r

B H B H cos 30 3
BH  decreases. This is confirm with the option (d).
2
14. (a) For paramagnetic substance magnetization M proportional to
magnetising field H, and M is positive.
 Magnetism 1287

Assertion and Reason chain arrangement (produce zero resultant). So they lose their
magnetic property or magnetism. Therefor the properties of
1. (d) It is quite clear that magnetic poles always exists in pairs.
both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic are effected by heating.
Since, one can imagine magnetic field configuration with three
poles. When north poles or south poles of two magnets are 11. (a) The core of a transformer undergoes cycles of magnetisation
glued together. They provide a three pole field configuration. It again and again. During each cycle of magnetisation, energy
is also known that a bar magnet does not exert a torque on numerically equal to the area of the hysteresis loop is spent per
itself due to own its field. unit volume of the core. Therefore, for high efficiency of
transformer, the energy loss will be lesser if the hystersis loop
2. (b) As we know every atom of a magnet acts as a dipole, So poles
is of lesser area, i.e. narrow. That’s why the soft iron is used as
cannot be separated. When magnet is broken into two equal
pieces, magnetic moment of each part will be half of the core, which has narrow hysteresis loop (or area of B  H
original magnet. curve is very small). Also soft iron (ferromegnetic substance)
has high permeability, high retentivity, low coercivity and low
3. (a) In case of the electric field of an electric dipole, the electric hystersis loss.
lines of force originate from positive charge and end at
12. (a) A magnetic field is produced by the motion of electric charge.
negative charge. Since isolated magnetic lines are closed
Since motion is relative, the magnetic field is also relative.
continuous loops extending through out the body of the
magnet. 13. (a) In a moving coil galvanometer, the coil is suspended in a very
strong uniform magnetic field created by two magnetic pole
4. (c) In an atom, electrons revolve around the nucleus and as such
pieces. The earth’s magnetic field is quite weak as compared to
the circular orbits of electrons may be considered as the small
that field, therefore, it does not effect the working of magnetic
current loops. In addition to orbital motion, an electron has got
field.
spin motion also. So the total magnetic moment of electron is
the vector sum of its magnetic moments due to orbital and 14. (c) A paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation when
spin motion. Charge particles at rest do not produce electric cooled, this is because at lower temperature, the tendency to
field. disrupt the alignment of dipoles (due to magnetising field)
decreases on account of reduced random thermal motion.
5. (b) Magnetic dipole moment of the current loop
15. (a) Electromagnets are magnets, which can be turned on and off
= Ampere turns  Area of the coil by switching the current on and off. As the material in
electromagnets is subjected to cyclic change (magnification and
Initially magnetic moment M = ir , new magnetic moment
2

demagentisation), the hysteresis loss of the material must be

M '  i  (2r)  4 i (r )  4 M .
2 2
small. The material should attain high value of I and B with low
value of magnetising field intensity H. As soft iron has small
So magnetic moment becomes four times when radius is
coercivity, so it is a best choice for this purpose.
doubled.
16. (a) Since iron is ferromagnetic in nature, therefore, lines of force
6. (e) The temperature inside the earth is so high that it is impossible
due to external magnetic field prefer to pass through iron.
for iron core to behave as magnet and act as a source of
magnetic field. The magnetic field of earth is considered to be 17. (d) In general, the field due to a magnet is non-uniform. Therefore,
due to circulating electric current in the iron (In molten state) it exerts both, a net force and a torque on the nails which will
and other conducting materials inside the earth. translate and also rotate the nails before striking to north pole
of magnet with their induced south poles and vice-versa.
7. (d) The earth has only vertical component of its magnetic field at
the magnetic poles. Since compass needle is only free to rotate 18. (d) In a non-uniform magnetic field, both a torque and a net force
in horizontal plane. At north pole the vertical component of acts on the dipole. If magnetic field were uniform, net force on
earth’s field will exert torque on the magnetic needle so as to dipole would be zero.
align it along its direction. As the compass needle can not 19. (c) The reduction factor of tangent galvanometer is
rotate in vertical plane, it will rest horizontally, when placed on
BH 2r
the magnetic pole of the earth. K  BH 
G n 0
8. (b) In tangent galvanometer the current through the coil is given
Thus reduction factor of a tangent galvanometer depends upon
2r
by I  .BH tan   tan   n / r the geometry of its coil. It increases with increase of radius and
n 0
decreases with increase in number of turn of the coil of the
i.e. by reducing its radius or by increasing number of turns of galvanometer.
coil we can increase the sensitivity of tangent galvanometer. 20. (c) Diamagnetism is non-cooperative behaviour of orbiting
9. (b) The susceptibility of ferromagnetic substance decreases with electrons when exposed to an applied magnetic field.
the rise of temperature in a complicated manner. After Curies Diamagnetic substance are composed of atom which have no
point the susceptibility of ferromagnetic substance varies net magnetic moment (i.e., all the orbital shells are filled and
inversely with its absolute temperature. Ferromagnetic there are no unpaired electrons). When exposed to a field, a
substance obey’s Curies law only above its Curie point. negative magnetization is produced and thus the susceptibility
is negative.
10. (e) The properties of substance is due to alignment of molecules in
it. When these substance are heated, molecules acquire some Behaviour of diamagnetic material is that the susceptibility is
kinetic energy. Some of molecules may get back to the closed temperature independent.
 1288 Magnetism

M
M = H 

H T
Slope =   = constant

21. (d) The permeability of a ferromagnetic material is not

 
independent of magnetic field, B  K m B0 .

B 0 is applied field. The total magnetic field B inside a
ferromagnet may be 10 3 or 10 4 times the applied field B 0 .
The permeability K m of a ferromagnetic material is not
 
constant, neither the field B nor the magnetization M

increases linearly with B . Even at small value of B 0 . From
the hysteresis curve, magnetic permeability is greater for lower
field.
22. (e) For a perfectly diamagnetic substance,
B   0 (H  I)  0 I   H .

I
Therefore,  m   1
H
Therefore relative permeability
 r  1   m  1  1  0.     0  r  zero.
i.e. for a perfectly diamagnetic material permeability is zero.
23. (a)
24. (a) Helium atom has paired electrons so their electron spin are
opposite to each other and hence it’s net magnetic moment is
zero.
25. (b) Steel is preferred over soft iron for making permanent
magnets, because coercivity of steel is larger.
 Magnetism 1289

1. A compass needle whose magnetic moment is 60 amp × m pointing 2

(b) (M /  )
geographical north at a certain place, where the horizontal component
of earth's magnetic field is 40  Wb/m , experiences a torque
2
(c) (3 3 M /  )
3
1.2  10 N  m. What is the declination at this place (d) (3[EAMCET
M /  ) (Engg.) 1996]
(a) 30° (b) 45°
8. A tangent galvanometer shows a deflection 45° when 10 mA current
(c) 60° (d) 25° pass through it. If the horizontal component of the earth’s field is
2. The distance between the poles of a horse shoe magnet is 0.1 m and
3.6  10 5 T and radius of the coil is 10 cm. The number of turns
its pole strength is 0.01 amp-m. The induction of magnetic field at a
in the coil is
point midway between the poles will be
(a) 5700 turns (b) 57 turns
(a) 2  10 5 T S N (c) 570 turns (d) 5.7 turns
(b) 4  10 6 T
9. A magnet is parallel to a uniform magnetic field. If it is rotated by
(c) 8  10 7 T 60°, the work done is 0.8 J. How much work is done in moving it
(d) Zero 30° further
3. Due to a small magnet intensity at a distance x in the end on (a) 0.8  107 ergs (b) 0.4 J
x (c) 8 J (d) 0.8 ergs
position is 9 Gauss. What will be the intensity at a distance on
2
broad side on position 10. Susceptibility of Mg at 300 K is 1.2  10 5 . The temperature at
(a) 9 Gauss (b) 4 Gauss which susceptibility will be 1.8  10 5 is [Roorkee 1999]
(c) 36 Gauss (d) 4.5 Gauss (a) 450 K (b) 200 K
4. The magnetic moment produced in a substance of 1 gm is (c) 375 K (d) None of these
6  10 7 ampere  metre 2 . If its density is 5 gm / cm 3 , then the 11. Three identical bar magnets each of magnetic moment M are placed
intensity of magnetisation in A/m will be in the form of an equilateral triangle as shown. The net magnetic
moment of the system is
(a) 8.3  10 6 (b) 3.0
(a) Zero
7
(c) 1.2  10 (d) 3  10 6 (b) 2 M S S
5. The needle of a deflection galvanometer shows a deflection of 60°
due to a short bar magnet at a certain distance in tan A position. If (c) M 3
N N
the distance is doubled, the deflection is 3M
(d) S N
 3
1 
 3 2
(a) sin  (b) cos  1 
 8   8  12. A magnetic needle is placed on a cork floating in a still lake in the
   
northern hemisphere. Does the needle together with the cork move
 3  3 towards the north of the lake
(c) tan 1   (d) cot 1  
 8   8  (a) Yes
   
6. The area of hysteresis loop of a material is equivalent to 250 joule. (b) No
When 10 kg material is magnetised by an alternating field of 50 Hz (c) May be or may not be move
then energy lost in one hour will be if the density of material is (d) Nothing can be said
7.5 gm / cm 3 13. The magnet of vibration magnetometer is heated so as to reduce its
magnetic moment by 36%. By doing this the periodic time of the
(a) 6  10 4 J (b) 6  10 4 erg magnetometer will
(a) Increases by 36% (b) Increases by 25%
(c) 3  10 2 J (d) 3  10 2 erg (c) Decreases by 25% (d) Decreases by 64%
7. A magnetised wire of moment M is bent into an arc of a circle 14. The ratio of magnetic moments of two bar magnet is 13 : 5. These
subtending an angle of 60° at the centre; then the new magnetic magnets are held together in a vibration magnetometer are allowed
moment is to oscillate in earth’s magnetic field with like poles together 15
oscillation per minute are made. What will be the frequency of
(a) (2 M /  ) oscillation of system if unlike poles are together
 1290 Magnetism
(a) 10 oscillations/min (b) 15 oscillations/min
75
(c) 12 oscillations/min (d) oscillations/min
13
15. A magnet is suspended horizontally in the earth's magnetic
field. When it is displaced and then released it oscillates in a
horizontal plane with a period T. If a place of wood of the
same moment of inertia (about the axis of rotation) as the (a) 0.1 T (b) 0.2 T
magnet is attached to the magnet what would the new period
of oscillation of the system become (c) 0.3 T (d) 0.4 T
T 17. The length of a magnet is large compared to it's width and breadth.
(a) The time period of its oscillation in a vibration magnetometer is T.
3
The magnet is cut along it’s length into six parts and these parts are
T
(b) BH then placed together as shown in the figure. The time period of this
2 combination will be
T (a) T
(c)
2 N S N S
T
(b) N S
(d) T 2 3 S N
16. Two short magnets of magnetic moment 1000 Am are placed as 2
T S N
(c) S N
shown at the corn ers of a square of side 10 cm. The net magnetic 2 3 S N
induction at P is
(d) Zero
N S

P N S

(SET -22)

1. (a) As the compass needle is free to rotate in a horizontal plane to the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field i.e.
and points along the magnetic meridian,   MBH sin
so when it is pointing mBH
along the geographic Magnetic where  = angle between geographical
meridian
meridian, it will  and magnetic meridians called angle of declination
experience a torque due
IV. M

mBH
 Magnetism 1291

1 .2  10 3 1 K
2rBH
So, sin      30 o 8. (c)
60  40  10 6 2 0n

2. (c) Net magnetic field at mid point P, B  B N  BS 2rBH 2  0 .1  3.6  10 5 1 .8  10 3

or n   7 3
  570
0 K 4  10  10  10 3 .14
where B N  magnetic field due to N- pole
9. (a) W  MB(cos  1  cos  2 )
B S  magnetic field due to S- pole
When the magnet is rotated from 0° to 60°, then work done is
 m 0.8 J
BN  BS  0 2 0.1 m
4 r P
S N MB
0 .01
BN Bs 0.8  MB(cos 0  cos 60) 
7 7
 10  2
 4  10 T 2
 0 .1   MB  1.6 N  m
 
 2 
In order to rotate the magnet through an angle of 30°, i.e.,
 Bnet  8  10 7 T . from 60° to 90°, the work done is
2M
3. (c) In C.G.S. Baxial  9  .....(i) 1 
x3 W   MB(cos 60  cos 90)  MB  0 
 2 
M 8M
B equaterial   3 .....(ii)
3 MB 1.6
x x    0.8 J  0.8  10 7 ergs
  2 2
2
From equation (i) and (ii) Bequaterial  36 Gauss. 10. (b) 
1
T
M M
4. (b) I  ,
V mass/density   1 T1   2 T2
3
given mass = 1gm = 10 kg ,
1 .2  10 5  300
3 Hence T2   200 K
5  10 kg 1 .8  10 5
and density  5 gm / cm 3   5  10 3 kg / m 3
(10  2 )3 m 3 11. (b) The resultant magnetic moment can be calculated as follows.
7
6  10
 5  10 3
Hence I  3
10 3
S S S  S
5. (c) For short bar magnet in tan A-position M +  Mnet = 2M

0 2 M N N N N 
 H tan  …..(i) M
4 d 3 S N S N
When distance is doubled, then new deflection   is given by 12. (b) Magnetic needle is a dipole which is in earth’s uniform
0 2 M magnetic field and as a dipole in a uniform field does not
 H tan   …..(ii) experience any net force but may experience a couple as shown
4 (2d )3
in figure, so the needle together with the cork will not translate
tan   1 tan  tan 60 3 i.e. move towards the north of the lake, but will rotate and set
   tan      itself parallel to the field with it’s north pole pointing north.
tan  8 8 8 8

 3 N
    tan 1   W mBH
 8  E
N
mBH
  S

S
m 50  250  10  3600
6. (a) E  nAVt  nA t   6  10 4 J
d 7 .5  10 3
7. (d) From figure I 1 T1 M2
r 13. (b) T  2  T  
 x r = l MB H M T2 M1
sin  A x x B
2 r l
r If M 1  100 then M 2  (100  36)  64
 /2  /2 

 x  r sin T1
2 O 64 8 10
So    T2  T1  1 .25 T1
T2 100 10 8

Hence new magnetic moment M '  m(2 x )  m.2r sin
2 So % increase in time period = 25%

2l  2ml sin / 2 2 M sin( / 6) 3 M

 m. sin   
 2   /3 
 1292 Magnetism

M 1  s2   d2 13 (15) 2   d2 I / 36 1 I T
14. (a)  2   T   2  2 
M 2  s   d2 5 (15) 2   d2 (M / 3)H 2 3 MH 2 3

  d  10 oscillations/min

***

15. (d) Due to wood moment of inertia of the system becomes twice
but there is no change in magnetic moment of the system.

I
Hence by using T  2  T  I  T'  2 T
MB H

16. (a) Point P lies on equatorial line of magnet (1) and axial line of
magnet (2) as shown
(1)
N S

B2 B1
N S
P (2)
0 M 1000
B1    10 7   0 .1 T
4 d 3 (0 .1)3
0 2M 2  1000
B2    10 7   0.2 T
4 d3 (0 .1)3
 B net  B 2  B1  0.1 T

I I
17. (c) T  2 ; MI of each part  3
MH 6
M
and magnetic moment of each part 
6
I I
so net MI of system  3
6 
6 62
4 M 2M M
and net magnetic moment   
6 6 3
 time period of the system