Atom :

Structure
The smallest
as atom
of Alom
parchclesof malherr
Carmlin

Date
Page

s koown

Nucleus Proton C+ve)

Neutron (o)
Eleclhon Cve)
10

ae Elechnon oProtonos Neuton

Change -L6x10 -c t1.6X1oc

Mass
J.672 xI02"kg

Atomic. nunben Cz)

The humber ofLpaotun ptesent h he nucleus of

an atom is calleol atmic number of the element.

tie, Atomo po,fan element = ho, of protons

prreseot o the nucleus

An elechi'ealy nuctaala atom hase no of proten.

25
and elechb'o
All ctom the same element have fhe same
of
Do, of proon in theirhucle'
7
Prcoton e 25
30
Atomic no. =230
ElechonS =25-7 18a
n= 55 -25 =30:bwa
 Camlin] Page
Date

n= 32-16 = 16
Z=l6

Ca n= 5 -20 -25

e=0
Mass umbert CA)
10

Atom Ps consst of prcotonselechmons anol nihons.

since, Hhe maRS of elechcon n
Mass negligible he
of atom is the sum of mass o prtoton
bwano netro.
15

Mouss nc.CA)No. of protons + Nle. of NeL

Mass no,A) = Atomlc no, t No, of neuton

LA Z+n
20

The number of NeutnonA-Z

Exi A, fx-aton
A-Atom'c mass
Z- Atom'c no.

gatomic
35 Cl
mase

chlorine
17 Atomic no.

o MQss no. of an atom s the

proton and neuhon present ?nthe

hucleus.
 Camlin Page

Date

Q. Caleulake Hhe no. of pnoons eleckuons ond neukons

ofi

Proton 6

elecon z6
neulnon 12 -6 -6

2)Fks Proton
elechon =
- 9a
10

3) CLprtoon =17d adbmA Gds

neutnon = 37-17 20

15

24
prtotone |2
electnone 2-2= 10

neutnn - 24-l2 12

20
5) 3c
electnon l7 +1=)gdo
18
neutron =37- L7a20aocni

Isotope
25

Isotopes arte the ctom haunc Some aemic number

odffertent

30

P =|7 P 17

e =17
n n -2O
 Camlin Page
Date

P=6
e=6 e 6
h =12-6 =6 n=l3-6 = 7 n =19-6

2lsokopes have
have same numben of elecken and
pncton but hawealiffeneotof neuton
10
Isobar
Isobar arte the atom havincy olifkrent alomic
but Same

15
Art

e -20
n 22
20

> Isobert heve diffenent no of pnoton,electnon

neutaon
 Camlin Page
Date

g If the number. of protons in

Calculte the o. of elechons presen t in xX2

(b) 16 (c)14

Ans =) (c) 14

Eleckonie (onhgurakin.

The ce tributon of elechrons oto dliffenent

ortbitol of cn atom s calleol
elecon't Coofiqurtaton.

The elechnonic confisuraon of different aem

is
15 goveaned by lelkchronic cookuzakon. rule.

Aufbau Painciple

Aufbcw' is a 'Cnerman' wortd it means

Builaig ap
The worc Auf bau ee in Germanmeang
Builoingup
Accorolin to this prtencple the elechrons
Crte fiLe n vaious orcbitale in the
onolens of theire increasin energ
25
Thus, he subshell with lowes enieno
will be
be flled firest.

Vas
 Camlin Parge

Date

The incneasingenenqiesof vaneow orthitala

Ps1sZ2s 93saPZ4< 3o

1 H - 1s

R He - 1s2
3. -1s²2s!

5.
4.

B-
Be - 1s2, 252
1s, 2s3, 2p'

-1s3, 2s?, 2p3

- 152,23,Rp
-1s,2s2, 2p5)e
10. Ne - 1s2, 2s2, 2ps
IL.Na- 1s2,2s2, 2p 3s!

13 A-162,2s,Rp,3s, 3p'nte
14 S? 162, 2sRp,3s3, 3ps
15. 132, 2s2, 2p° 3s', 3p

I8. A -16, 2s2, 2p,3s2, 3p®

R0. Ca - 132, 2s', 2p,3st3p 13
- 1$2, 2s, 2p 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3c'
22T- 163,2s, 202s, 3p°, 4s', 3cl2
23, V

24 Ca - 182, 2a2,2p, 4a 3p s,3d5

Q5 Mo- 1s2, 2s', 2p', 4s2, 3p€, 4s3, 3d5

23 Ni-1s, 2s², Rpe, ys, 34s, 3d8

30. Zn13?,. 2sap.43?, 3p, Y2, 3o

 Carmlin Page

Date

Quantum Numbert

Quantum numberts atethe iclenhfccatonmorcka of

electron. in otherewortol hey gves the

aotess of eleclrons,

> Therte arte quantum Numbert these ae

) Principal quantum number Co)

i) Azimuthal quantum nusber ()

10
i) Maqnehc uountum number (m)
) Spoquattumnumber c)

P) Priocipal Queotum Number

lF iepresent the shell on orbit of the eleciron.

The yalue of ncen be 1,2,3,4, elc.

Principal Shell Orbit Max" ho. of

Q.N electnons (an the sell)

k 21=2
25 n=2 L 2X2-8
n 3 M 2X3-18
n= 4 N 2X4'=32

An orH can Conauen maximum umber of eleciron

 Camlin| ge
Oate

Thevalue of n fore a shell s equal to

the no.ofubshell t prtesent iohat shelle

Shell Value of n No.of sabshell

k n1 1(S)
M n3 3(9,P,d)
NN n=4y y (s,Psd,f)
10

Azimuthal Quantum no. Cl):

informakon about subshel of elecron
gves
Thvalue of Dfxnth shel Rs o to n

n-1=0

'
Ex
n =2) l=0, 1

n 3,l= O,,1, 2

.The value of L foe S P, olf subshel

20

Subshell Value of

d 2
25 3
Lagoeke Quantum Num ber Cn)

1t dleeamines dhe orientution of orcbtal sn

30

The value of 'm' can

cOn have -e.0..
 CamlinlPae
|Date

SubshellL m Orbital

Pax
1 -1,0,+1PPa, Pz

21,0, dnydyz
+1,+2 dzx, dx?zd

-3,-2,1
0,1,2,3 32- 01

Spin Quantum Numben

gieg inunmakan about the spin ofelech

20
Crodno its Qwn cente

have t value fon ctockwise spin ancl -

ALntielock wise pin

25

-Electron

Anti clock wise spin Clock awise spin

30

R
 Cn+e) Rule
20

> The Subshel0 with owest Cn+) value is tålled

up First.
7 When tuo or more Subshells hae same, Cht
value then subshell lowest 'n value
25
Alleod Frst.

Subshell ntl

1 1
1s
30 23 2
3 -SemeCntta
3s 3 3
 Camlin Page

Dste

Hund's Rule o MaximummullRplicty!

Accondlingb his Irule n degenertahe onbitals

Csome Venengg Rrat qel AUed,then
singy
pairiog
e.B- ls²232p'

Is2125R

2
„N 1s2 2s 2p

1s2 2s2 2p

Mn-162, 2s'2p.3s,3f, 4s 3d5

Pauli's Exclusian Drinciple

princple,, notuo elechons
30

Acconclinq to th's in
Can haveol
ave all the faur quontum
Dumbers Same
 Camlin Page
Date

282Rp²
M

1L

O0 1,1
m= 0,0 0,0 -1,0

An orbial can acco mo lale8 maximum tuo elec

wih oppasite spin

which of the follouingp sek of Q.N is/aae not

trcut

(:) h=5 m- -3
n =6

2
n3e = 2 m = -1

m =-3

v)n3

30
 Camlin Page
Date

Orbital

The reqon whene the pnobbilthy

eleclono maximum
of fincling

Node:
The negion where the paobabily of iodling
eleclrh is zero, and the Uplane.
the
called Nodlclplane
10

t) Roolial noole / sphericalnocle n-l-1

) Anglan noode/ Plon art haole e

Totel no. of nodese RNtA.N

Nodle ncd shepe of S -ortbital

Shope -sheital
20

obo
for 1s, n =t lE0

25

30|

N
 CamlinP
Date

foy Rs
RN01t
AN.O

-Noote

for 3s

RN
A N
=
=0
12
s2
3-0-1

Node and shape of

P-orbi tal
Shape odumbbel

X
 Camlinage
Dste

R.N 2-1-1 0
A. N= 1

10

15

n=3
RN=3-1-1 1odo
20 A.N =1

25

30
 Camlin Pag
Date

for yp

R.N= y-1-1 a
A.N=

Node and shape of d-onbital

20

Shape - doublecumb-bet!

X
 Comlin]
Dte

2 oz
L3d
n 3

A.N=2a RN= -1-1=1

AN =2
R.N = 3-2-1 =0
15

RN=o 5121=2
A.N =2