Chapter One

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Academic performance as a concept has become a source of concern to researchers, especially
as the performance of the undergraduates is declining. The Nigerian society vested great
emphasis on education because it is believed to be an avenue for national development. This
can only be achieved when undergraduates in various citadels of learning get actively
involved in different academic activities which can enhance their academic performance. This
is expected to lead to the logical advancement of the nation. In spite of these laudable values
attached to academics performance, researchers (Ugoji, 2008 and Egbule, 2004) have shown
that students’ performance is declining.
Students’ Allowance is the amount of money that a student is entitled to on a daily basis. It is
one of the resources for buying the needs of each student. Most of the student gets their
Allowance from their parents’ money earned as salary from their work. Higher family income
may have a good contribution in the academic performance of student, but for the responsible
and serious students, low family income must not be an excuse for poor performance (Adzido,
Dzogbede, Ahiare, Dorkpah, 2016). Bhat,Joshi, Wani (2016) supported the latter claim that
socioeconomic status is the significant factor in academic achievement. Thus, the higher level
of socioeconomic status shows a big contribution toward the quality of student achievement
(Farooq, Chaudry,Shafiq and Berhanu, 2011). Academic achievement carry out primary
significance in the context of an education system, intend a successful scholastic achievement
of the students and human resources improvement at the high level. In addition, adolescents
1
having high and middle socioeconomic status excel in academic performance than adolescents
having low socioeconomic status (Singh and Choudhary, 2015).Socioeconomic status of the
students have an impact to their academic achievement. Students having a high
socioeconomic status have a good exposure and surroundings giving a good
result as compared to low socioeconomic status (Chandra and Azzimudin, 2013).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The high rate of dropout of students from tertiary institutions due to poor academic
performance cannot be overemphasized. It has been observed that, the academic performance
of most students in the tertiary institutions has been very poor, which have led to producing of
students with lower class of degree. Therefore, many wonder if students’ financial stability
could be a strong factor or policy instrument in improving students’ success or academic
performance.
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Aim and Objectives of the Study
The research attempt to determine the relationship between students’ allowance and their
academic performance in the tertiary institutions with view to archive the following
objectives:
i. To know if there is any relationship between students’ Allowance and their test score
performance.
ii. To know if there is any relationship between time spent on study and their test score
performance.
iii. To know the kind of relationship that exists between students’ Allowance, time spent
on study and their test score performance.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This research will serve as an avenue for encouraging the parents and government (federal,
state, local) in providing targeted financial aids scheme and students’ loan programs that will
make funds available to all students who wish to borrow for their higher education. It would
also help in benefiting the students from poor background in their social and academic needs,
since the loan received is to cover the direct cost of education and in some cases, living
expenses until they finish their studies and finally, produce students of excellent performance
that would have positive impacts on the social economy of the country.
1.5 Research Hypothesis
H0: Students’ Allowance has no significant effect on their academic performance.
H1: Student’ Allowance has significant effect on their academic performance.
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1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The scope of this study focus on the Impact of student Allowance on their test score
performance. It is restricted to students of medicine ATBU Bauchi, Bauchi State.
1.7 Definition of some Terms
 Students’ Allowance: is the amount of money that a student is entitled to on a daily
basis. It is one of the resources for buying the needs of each student.
 Students: refers to the beneficiary of the financial scheme that is meant to aid their
educational program
 Academic performance: refers to students’ performance in their various Courses at
different level of studies.
 A Questionnaire is an instrument which is a set of standardized questions, often
called items, which follow a fixed scheme in order to collect individual data about
one or more specific topics.
 A research hypothesis is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or predictive
statement about the possible outcome of a scientific research study based on a
particular property of a population, such as presumed differences between groups on
a particular variable or relationship between variables.

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CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Background of the Study

Academic performance as a concept has become a source of concern to researchers, especially

emphasis on education because it is believed to be an avenue for national development. This

that students’ performance is declining.

significance in the context of an education system, intend a successful scholastic achievement

students have an impact to their academic achievement. Students having a high

socioeconomic status have a good exposure and surroundings giving a good

result as compared to low socioeconomic status (Chandra and Azzimudin, 2013).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

could be a strong factor or policy instrument in improving students’ success or academic

on study and their test score performance.

1.4 Significance of the Study

1.5 Research Hypothesis

H0: Students’ Allowance has no significant effect on their academic performance.

H1: Student’ Allowance has significant effect on their academic performance.

performance. It is restricted to students of medicine ATBU Bauchi, Bauchi State.

1.7 Definition of some Terms

 Students’ Allowance: is the amount of money that a student is entitled to on a daily

 Academic performance: refers to students’ performance in their various Courses at

different level of studies.

 A Questionnaire is an instrument which is a set of standardized questions, often

one or more specific topics.

 A research hypothesis is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or predictive

statement about the possible outcome of a scientific research study based on a

particular property of a population, such as presumed differences between groups on

a particular variable or relationship between variables.

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