Perception of Grade 11 Students of Pulo

Senior High School on Financial Status in

Relation to Academic Performance
during Pandemic
 CHAPTER 1

The Problem and its Background

This chapter covers the introduction, background of the study, rationale, Statement of the
Problem (SOP), significance of the study, hypothesis and definition of terms in financial
capability and academic performance.

Introduction

Financial Status and Academic Performance

During pandemic, people set their necessary priority in buying the things they needed. Finances

were part of every human being’s lives. People spend everyday and it was clearly shown that

money could be people's manipulator. Every human being have it, even the new born or

unborn one's. Some example of the human needs that need financial support were; food,

water, education, shelter, electricity and so many other human needs that needs money.

Nowadays, it is Impossible to live without money because there was nothing offered for free.
Human need those things that’s why human study and find a good work that can support for

their financial needs. But in everyday life people might be experiencing financial instability that

can ruin their focus of achieving a specific goal for a day. Financial instability is the unstable

support for their finances; it is having conflicts on supporting their everyday needs.

Students nowadays, consider financial instability as one of their stressor in their studies.
Especially of the pandemic situation right now. Students who are experiencing it were out of
focus, instead of focusing on their studies their attention was attached to their financial
problems. Instead of doing their projects and using money for their load allowances, they
would rather use it for their household needs. Sometimes it would lead several absences that
was also resulting to poor academic performance. Some students nowadays doesn’t even care
of having a good grades, they are more thinking of passing grades so that they can finish at
least senior high school and look for a decent job to provide for their family . Making it to
another level is their survival challenge. While the students who are not suffering from this
situation can focus on their studies and it is easy for them to do their project paying their school
utilities and attending to online class without thinking of anything except studying. That’s why
students who are having stable financial status were very lucky so there’s no reason for them to
be out of focus except of rebellion.

Academic performance of the student was affected of their financial status. Because of having
incapability in finances some children were not given a chance to study.

Background of the study

The observers anticipated that there are some grade 11 students who have poor academic
performances because of having financial instability. Having financial problems shifts their focus
on studies into their financial problem. Having a lack of knowledge on how to find ways of
overcoming financial problems will affect their vision of achieving their goal in the future.
Researchers focus their attention in studying the financial capability of the students that affects
academic performance of grade 11 students of Pulo Senior High School, City of Cabuyao
Laguna. The students academic performance plays a vital role in creating the finest quality
alumnae who will become leader and manpower of a particular country, consequently
responsible for the country’s social and economic developments (Ali et. Al, 2009).

The main purpose of this study is to find answers from the respondents as how do they respond
to their everyday school needs. Financial status as the main focus of this study; this will focus
on proper allocation of their finances in order for them to utilize properly their financial needs;
This will also focus on ideas of having ways in overcoming financial instability in order for the
students to avoid poor academic performance.

Rationale

This study was conducted to determine the effects of financial capability to the students’
academic performance. This study was focus on financial status of selected grade 11 students in
Pulo Senior High School in city of Cabuyao, Laguna SY 2020-2021.

In this study, researcher based only on the selected respondents who were

grade 11 students. Therefore to derive the results for a larger group, the study should

have involved more participants from different grade strands.

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the financial status of the grade 11 students?

• Mother and father’s occupation

• Number of siblings and grade levels

• Number of family members who work

2. What is the academic performance of the grade 11 student?

• Average

3. What is the significant relationship of the financial status and academic performance

of the student?

4. What recommendations could be given to address the issue of financial awareness

band on the results of the study?

Conceptual Framework
Significance of the Study:

This study focuses on different significance point of view of the students, parents,
teachers and future researchers.

Students- This study will give them a clear understanding on how the financial status affects
their academic performance. This will study will provide good explanation on how the students
can find alternatives on managing and overcoming financial stabilities. It will also give
awareness to the students of what would be the effect of not overcoming their financial
stability to their academic performance. These will help them to enhance and improve their
skills on how to manage finances and avoid absences in school and also improve their
knowledge and academic performances.
Parents-This study will help the parents on giving ideas and information on how they would
manage their money to their everyday needs. And saving an emergency money in case of
emergency situations in order for them to overcome right away their financial stability, they
may also learn some ideas on how to overcome financial stabilities and also they will have an
awareness about the effect of having financial stability on their children’s academic
performance. This study will help them on having so alternatives on providing their finances.

Teachers- Teachers are also a parent and they also have students, as a parent this study will
help them on having alternatives and awareness about financial stability. And also as a teacher
this will give them an idea about their students’ situation and help them to perform well on
school in spite of having financial stabilities.

Researchers- This study will provide more knowledge about the possible effects of financial
stability to the academic performance, and it would be also beneficial for them to study about
financial status in relation to academic performance.

Hypothesis:

H1 There is a significant relationship between financial incapability of the students and

their poor academic performance.

H2 There is no significant relationship between financial incapability of the students and

their poor academic performance.

Definition of Terms:
Academic Performance-This is the extent on which the student, teacher or institution has
achieved their short or long-term educational goals. It is defined or regarded as participants’
examination grades the end of a given duration (semester). It could be also be seen as the level
of performance in a particular field of study. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Finances-It is anything related to money. It could be service or goods that may use in living. It is
the avenue through which students’ bills are being paid. If their finances are not adequate, the
situation may tend to affect their academic performance adversely. If on the other hand, their
financial needs met adequately, probably their academic performance may be enhanced.

Financial Status-It is mainly affected by the person’s income. It is how the person can respond
to everyday needs and it can be recognize as stable or unstable.
 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Introduction

The review of related literature and studies is one of the most important part of the
planning execution of the research study. The review gives an insight into latest studies in the
area. It helps in exploring the area and developing the perspective for the research trends.
Therefore the researcher surveyed the available literature and studies with a view to built a
correct perspective, and develop methodology for the study.

Financial Status and Academic Performance

The social economic status or financial status is most commonly determine by putting
up together parent’s educational level, occupational status and the income level (Jeynes,
2002; McMillan and western 2000). In most of the studies done on academic performance of
students, it is not surprising that financial status is one of the major factor studied while
predicting academic performance. It is believe that low financial status negatively affect
academic achievement because lesser financial status prevents access to vital resources and
creates additional stress at home (Eamon 2005; Jeynes 2002). Graetz (1995) carried out a study
on economic status in education research and policy found that social economic background
remains one of the major sources of educational inequality and adds that one’s educational
success was depending on their financial status.

Humlum(2011) found that the income of the family whether high or low can have its
impact on students academic achievement or performance in all their learning years. Since they
are in their early years, their family income can affect their education. Some private schools and
colleges may look carefully to this point. They may ask the family resources and how can they
pay their children’s tuition fees. Otherwise they may not have a place in that private schools or
colleges. If the family has high income that is enough or more than enough to respond on their
everyday finances at the early age of the student learning, may help him/her accept at the
school. Which make a very huge difference from that student whose family has a low income in
on students’ early learnings or has a high income in the students’ late learning. While (Jensen,
2013) Studied that the another difference is the environmental impact of the families with a
high/low income to their children learning. Some students who got low family income have
difficulties to understand of learning as fast as the others who don’t have any financial
problems. Their vocabulary can be less and not that much as the other students from different
Background. Also their way of learning and understanding are different from others, because
their parents may not help them at home in making their home works and can’t even hear any
encouraging words or they have single parent. If they don’t have enough money to respond for
their everyday finances, then their parents must work all the day for them, which will have a
result for having no time to help their children with their homework. Another thing is the stress
they have from their family at home. These may affect their grades because no one help them
or even, sometimes care about their success in school. And Sander (2012) noted that students
are often worried about money this financial worry may affect their academic performance due
to divided attention, when they are concern about the availability of the learning materials as
well as their daily upkeep in school.

Schiefelbaum and Simmon(cited by adel, 2002) they consider family background as the
most important and most valuable factor in determining the academic performance attained by
the student. Among family factors of greatest influence are social class variables and the
educational and family environment. In other words , motivation to achieve depends more on
the parent’s level of learning than their level of income or financial status. And Beck(2011)
proved that each child has the right to learn no matter what family income do these family
have. School must find solutions to help students for their better education and not to judge
according to their low family income. Demski(2011) said that students who have financial stat

us cannot be judge because of having financial problems , he supported the idea that
some schools may help and support Students from low family income. They can provide them
with computers and some materials for better learning, and prove themselves in their academic
performance. And Hira(1997) concluded that there are more communication in the money
about the households of younger respondents and it is the mother rather than the father who
talked to them about the money matters. He also summarized that today's children are more
independent and are growing up with more control over their lives than the past.

Friese and Koenig (1993) found a positive relationship between the compulsive and
impulsive buying behaviors. Respondents in their study were using buying to escape from
school problems and to achieve positive feeling. While Huan,See Ang and Har (2008) explored
the impact of adolescents concerns on their academic stress. The objective of this study was to
examine the contributing role of different aspects of adolescents and one of this is the family
financial problem that results to low academic performances of the students. And found out
that the financial status of the student really affect the academic performance of that student
in terms of focusing in their studies and their mental health. They would rather focus in
financial problems than their academic performance that leads them to absences and not doing
their school works and projects.

Hill (2004) argued that the financial status of parents do not only affect the academic
performance of the child but also makes it impossible for the child to compete with the
counterpart from high financial status under the same academic environment. Furthermore,
Adelma (1999) categorically stated that "Unfortunately, low income students are more likely to
posses high risk characteristics than even undergraduates". In his findings two-third of low
income beginning students came from families in which neither of the parents attended college
compared to middle and upper income students. And this implies that children who enroll in
schools are more likely to drop out of school because the first generation college students from
low socio economic status family face many disadvantages like they have far less experience
and information on the social and academic culture of higher education and they may not be
able to rely on their parents for assistance in these matters.

Woolfolk (2004) supports by arguing that because of low socio economic status or
financial status students may wear old clothes, speak in dialect or be less familiar with books
and school activities, teachers and other students may assume that those students are not
bright and teachers may avoid calling them to answer questions in the classroom to protect
them from embarrassments of giving wrong responses or answers. This makes students less
attentive and do not concentrate on what is being thought and in the end they will come to
believe that they are not very good at school work. This situation makes them perform poorly in
particular subjects and sometimes they’ll end up drooping out from school because they are
affected psychologically. Furthermore, Laqour and Tissington (2011) also examined the effects
of poverty on academic achievement in the USA. They concluded their study that poverty
directly affects academic performance due to the lack of resources. They recommended that
instructional techniques and strategies implemented at the classroom, and school can help
close the achievement gap by providing students with necessary assistance in order to achieve
high performance in academics.

Nyukonga (2011) also explored and showed the effects of cost sharing on academic
performance seems to be complex and they may depend on the particular circumstances an
individual is facing. The study concluded that cost sharing is likely to motivate most students to
study hard and improve performance by reflecting on the amount of funds they invest in
education. However, it can also lead to academic performance due to lack of funds to cover
educational expenses and other personal needs. The result implied that students from low
income families were more likely to perform lower because of financial hardship and school
they attended. Thus, there is the need for the government to ensure that all students receive
better education. This result also indicated that some of the factors affecting academic
performance in higher education also resulted from poor education background.

Family income becomes educational controlling globally. Kadushin (19967 argued that
low income limits both educational attainment and academic performance of students. Good
financial support is an essential stimulus in motivating students to perform better. Low family
income is a predictor of the level of academic performance, alienation and drop out of
students (Beegle and Rice; 1965) . in brief, the critical literature review shows that the
relationship between family income and students’ academic performance is a global
phenomenon. Significant number of studies found that students from low income families
perform poorly than those from relatively rich families; however this decision is not fully
conclusive in research.

CHAPTER 3

Research Methodology
This chapter outlines the manner in which the study was conducted. The key
components are research design, selecting participants of the study, the instruments and
validations, the data gathering procedures, the treatment and data gathering analysis.
Research Design

This study uses the phenomenology research design. Through this research design, the
researchers of the study were able to determine the grade 11 students’ financial status in
relation to academic performance.

Sources of Data

The study used primary and secondary sources as a source of data. Which the primary
resources, were the respondents from grade 11 students of Pulo Senior High School. And the
secondary source of data were the books, articles or review related literatures and other
studies in lined with this study.

Participants of the Study

The respondents or population of this study were the grade 11 students in Pulo Senior
High School SY.2020-2021. Wherein, we get students from every strand (ABM, EIM,HE, STEM
and CSS.

The researchers determined respondents through purposive sampling techniques by

simply using an initial survey that can determine respondents financial capability and also
identifying them in who could give clear perception regarding the questions in the study and
must have enough understanding about the purpose of the study.

Instrumentation and Validation

The researchers conducted an interview to gather the data needed for the study (using
cellular phone’s camera or audio recording the researchers are able to capture every word that
the participants respond on every question). Every questions deal with the learners’ financial
capability of the grade 11 students in Pulo Senior High School in relation to their academic
performance.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers prepare a questionnaire and conducted an interview for data gathering.
The researchers first secure the privacy of the respondents, they ask for their permission to
answer their questionnaire. The researchers interviewed their respondents one by one and this
was conducted at Pulo Senior High School.

The interview was documented by using cellular phone’s camera or audio recorder. And
using this documentation they are able to capture every single word that their respondents say.
The respondents were guaranteed that all of their identity will be forbidden and secured.

Ethical Consideration

As to ethical considerations and data analysis, the researchers used Moustakas’ (1994)
approach. The researchers ask the permission of the respondents to be interviewed. The
respondents are assured that their identity will remain confidential. Furthermore, their
respondents are informed that their responses or statements would be dealt with forbiddance
and confidentiality at all times.

Treatment and Data Analysis

 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the sections and discussions of bracketing, horizonalization,

textural and structural descriptions and overall essence as well as the verification of the lived
experience of the grade 11 students in Pulo Senior High School SY.2020-2021 in finances.
 The researchers imparted their knowledge in the initial step which is bracketing.

Based on the researchers idea in financial status in relation to academic performance,

the students may have a good academic performance if they have a stable financial status
cause having a stable financial status can help the student focus on their studies and students
will never think about “how to pay this?”, “how to pay that?” “do I have enough money to do
this and that?” and so many questions that the student encounter if they have so many financial
stabilities. Having financial stabilities would make the students out of focus, they would rather
think of their financial problems rather than studies. The students would rather buy first they
needs at home rather than doing school works or papers, and projects. And once the student
was out of focus and not doing their school papers and projects the student will surely get a
weak academic performance.

According to researchers’ friends, they are both having financial stabilities, and they say
that they both have weak academic performance. They say because of having financial
stabilities they are not able to go to school every day, they are also not able to answer in
recitations sometime because they are thinking of money and also they are not able to pass
their project sometimes. They say, that the money is the root or cause of any problem, they
guess.

The horizonalization of this study is presented through highlighting the significant

statements which are taken from the respondents’ responses.

After horizonalizing, theme clustering was constructed by analyzing, outlining and

grouping the significant statements of into themes or meaningful units. The researchers were
able to identify