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High Gain Series fed Planar Microstrip Antenna

2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting | 978-1-7281-6670-4/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329574

Array using printed L –probe feed


Pratigya Mathur Mahima Arrawatia
Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering,
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Mumbai, India Assam, India
pratigya.mathur@gmail.com mahimaarrawatia@iitg.ac.in

Abstract—This paper presents the design of a series fed linear bandwidth 45.2%(5.46-8.6 GHz) with gain of 6.7dBi. It has the
and planar microstrip antenna array using L-probe feed disadvantage that it uses two substrates which increases the cost
technique. The L-probe feed technique provide extra design of the antenna. In [6-7], L-probe feed technique is used to
parameters for tuning the impedance of the antenna array. The design circularly polarized (CP) antennas. In [6], it gives
5x1 linear array has gain of 15.5 dBi and S11<-10B bandwidth of bandwidth of 45% and gain of 6dBi and in [7], four L-probes
5.75-6.23 GHz. In addition, a 5x5 planar array is also designed are used along with branch line coupler to give each probe
to achieve a gain of 18.6 dBi. The S11<-10dB bandwidth for the phase shift of 90ͦ which give bandwidth of 54% (7.8 -13.7 GHz)
planar array is 5.5 - 6.42GHz. with a gain of 6.5 dBi. These papers do not report a high gain
antenna array using L-probe feed technique. In [8-9], the design
Keywords—Antenna Array, Microstrip, Gain, L-probe feed, of linear microstrip antenna array have been reported using stub
Series feed microstrip antenna array
matching technique which has a disadvantage of introducing
asymmetry in the radiation pattern. In this paper, printed series
I. INTRODUCTION
fed linear and planar antenna arrays using L probe fed are
Microstrip antenna arrays provides a high gain and are planar proposed to give high gain around 5.8 GHz.
in nature. However, the feed network required for large antenna
array increases the complexity of the design. The microstrip II. ANTENNA DESIGN
antenna arrays can be formed using corporate or linear array The design of the antenna is discussed in the following three
configuration. Linear arrays have an advantage of simple subsections. Section A discusses the design of the printed L-
design, reduced feed complexity, losses and beam steer ability
probe fed antenna element, Section B discusses the design of
with variation of the frequency. The power gets tapered in the
printed L-probe fed linear array and Section C presents the
linear array to give better side lobe levels [1]. However,
microstrip antennas have disadvantage of low bandwidth. design of printed L-probe fed planar antenna array. All the
There are several techniques which have been proposed in the antennas are designed using IE3D software [10].
literature for bandwidth enhancement using electromagnetic A. Design of L-probe feed antenna element
(EMCP) coupling, gap coupling, aperture coupling, and slots
The top and side views of a microstrip antenna with L-probe
[2]. The first three techniques require two patches which
and its S –parameters are shown in Fig.1. Antenna is designed
increase the size and cost of the antenna and slots result in large
with square patch in inverted configuration. It has
back radiations.
L=W=18.05mm on the substrate with εr=2.2, h=1.6mm and tan
There are also feed techniques which lead to bandwidth δ =0.001. The substrate is suspended in the air at a distance of
enhancement. A printed L-probe technique [3] has been 4mm from the ground plane. It is fed with a L-probe. The L
reported to give bandwidth of 40% with gain of 5.1 dBi at probe is connected with conical via to the coaxial feed.
6.5GHz. This technique has advantage of providing extra
degrees of freedom for tuning the antenna for broader
bandwidth as compared to coaxial feed. It also has advantage
that it is easy to fabricate as it can be printed on the PCB and
can be easily integrated with circuits like power amplifiers
using conical vias. The printed L-probe technique works on the
principle that the capacitance between the feed and the radiating
patch is cancelled out by the inductance due to a feed probe
itself which results in bandwidth enhancement of the antenna.
In [4], a modified L –probe technique with printed L probe on
suspended substrate has been reported to give bandwidth of
26.5% (1.92 -2.51 GHz) with a gain of 7.8 dBi at 2.2 GHz. In
[5], the printed L-probe technique is used as differential feed
using a balun for cross polar suppression to -20 dB and gives

978-1-7281-6670-4/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE 589 APS 2020

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Canberra. Downloaded on May 22,2021 at 15:11:49 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
(a) 5x5 array and its simulated results. The S11<-10dB bandwidth
for the planar array is 5.5 - 6.42 GHz. It gives a peak gain of
18.6dBi.

(b)
Fig. 1. (a) Top and side views and (b) S –parameters and Gain vs. (a) (b)
Frequency plot of the printed L-probe microstrip antenna.
Fig. 4 S –parameters and Gain vs. Frequency plot of 5x5 L-probe planar
The antenna is fed at the offset x= 1.05 mm with printed-L microstrip antenna array.
having Wh= mm, Lh= 6.95 mm. The conical via has length of
Lv=3 mm with air gap of 1mm between the patch and the probe. III. CONCLUSIONS
It gives bandwidth |S11|<-10dB of 5.68-6.25 GHz (10%) and A printed L –probe microstrip antenna with bandwidth of
gain of 8.5dBi. 10% with gain of 8.5 dBi has been designed. The antenna is
Since the antenna element would be used in a series fed array, extended to 5x1 linear array to give gain of 15.5 dBi and 5x5
the probe should lie within the patch to avoid adding additional planar array to give gain of 18.6 dBi. The combination of series
phase shift in the current flowing in the feed. Any additional feeding and L probe fed reduces the complexity of the feed
phase shift reduces the gain of the series fed array as it network design. The antenna array can be used for subarray
cumulatively adds for the last elements making their radiation applications.
out phase. Hence, the bandwidth achieved in this case is less as
compared to other reported papers. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors would like to acknowledge Antenna Lab, IIT Bombay
B. Design of linear array of L-probe feed antenna
for all the encouragement, discussion, help and support for
The antenna element is extended to design linear series fed carrying out the above research work.
antenna array with 5 elements similar to that reported in [11].
Fig. 3 shows the simulated results of 5x1 linear L-probe fed REFERENCES
microstrip antenna array. It gives bandwidth (|S11| <-10 dB) of
5.75- 6.23 GHz with gain of 15.5 dBi. [1] T. Metzler, “Microstrip series arrays,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas
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[2] G.Kumar and K.P.Ray, “Broadband Microstrip Antenna”, Artech
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[3] Quan Xue, Yanfan Liu and Kam Man Shum, "Printed L-probe antenna on
multi-layered PCB," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society
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[4] Jongkuk Park, Hyung-gi Na and Seung-hun Baik, "Design of a modified
(a) L-probe fed microstrip patch antenna," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless
Propagation Letters, vol. 3, pp. 117-119, 2004.
[5] X. -. Zhang, Q. Xue, B. -. Hu and S. -. Xie, "A Wideband Antenna With
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Fig. 3 (a) Design and (b) S –parameters and Gain vs. Frequency plot of 7x1 [10] Mentor Graphics Corp., IE3D EM Design System, Ver. 15.0,
Wilsonville,USA, 2010.
printed L-probe linear microstrip antenna array.
[11] P.Mathur and M. Arrawatia ” Linear Microstrip Antenna Array with
reduced patch size using L-shaped probe for electrically thick substrates
C. Design of planar array of L-probe feed antenna “, 2nd Indian Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Ahmedabad,
India, Dec., 2019.
The design of linear L-probe fed microstrip antenna array is [12] P.K.Mishra, “Broadband Linear and Planar Microstrip Antenna Arrays”
extended to design a planar antenna array using diagonal Ph.D Thesis, IIT Bombay, Dec. 2014.
feeding technique [8, 12]. Fig.4 shows the design of the planar

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