2 - Voltage Multiplier

Voltage Multiplier
Taught by: MRM Rouzin Azar

BSc Eng. (Hons)
What is Voltage Multiplier?
• Why do we need a voltage multiplier?
A voltage multiplier is an electrical circuit that
• What if we do not have a battery of the voltage we want?
converts AC electrical power from a lower voltage to a
higher DC voltage, typically using a network of
capacitors and diodes.
What is Voltage Multiplier?
A voltage multiplier is an electrical circuit that
converts AC electrical power from a lower voltage to a
higher DC voltage, typically using a network of
capacitors and diodes.
 High voltage batteries are not available!
Applications
 AC to DC applications such as Oven etc
 Used in High Voltage, Low Current applications such as accelerating
purpose in Cathode Ray Tube.
 Voltage multiplier is used in high-energy physics – The Cockcroft–Walton
generator.
 Cockcroft-Walton multiplier serves as a more efficient high voltage
source for photomultiplier tubes requiring more than 2000 V.
 Used in low cost instrument.
Applications
Further, Voltage multipliers are specifically used in:
• Laser systems, X-ray systems
• LCD backlighting, Power supplies (TV)
• Oscilloscopes
• Particle accelerators
• Copy machines
• Bug zapper
• Spray painting equipment, most commonly found in
automotive manufacturing facilities.
Types of Voltage Multiplier
Depending on the output voltage, multipliers can be of different types
 Voltage Doublers
• Half wave voltage doubler
• Full wave voltage doubler
 Voltage Tipplers
 Voltage Quadrupler
Voltage Doubler__
Half wave Voltage Doubler
• Positive Half-Cycle
o D1 conducts
o D2 is switched off
o Capacitor C1 charges toVm
• Negative Half-Cycle
o D2 conducts
o Capacitor C2 charges to 2Vm
Vout = VC2 = 2Vm

Full Wave Voltage Multiplier
• Positive Half-Cycle
o D1 conducts
• Negative Half-Cycle
o D2 conducts
Vout = VC1 + VC2 = 2Vm

Voltage Tripler __
Voltage Tripler
During first positive half cycle:
• Diode D1 is forward biased whereas diodes D2 and D3 are reverse biased.
• Current will flow to the capacitor C1 and charges it toVm
During negative half cycle:
• Diode D2 is forward biased whereas diodes D1 and D3 are reverse biased.
• Current will flow to the capacitor C2 and charges it. The capacitor C2 is charged to twice the
peak voltage of the input signal (2Vm). This is because the charge (Vm) stored in the capacitor
C1 is discharged during the negative half cycle.
During second positive half cycle:
• Diode D3 is forward biased whereas diodes D1 and D2 are reverse

biased.
• As a result, the voltage (2Vm) across capacitor C2 is discharged.

This charge will flow to the capacitor C3 and charges it to the
same voltage 2Vm.
• The capacitors C1 and C3 are in series and the output voltage is

taken across the two series connected capacitors C1 and C3.
• The voltage across capacitor C1 is Vm and capacitor C3 is 2Vm. So

the total output voltage is equal to the sum of capacitor C1
voltage and capacitor C3voltage
i.e. C1 + C3 = Vm + 2Vm = 3Vm.
Voltage Quadrupler ______
Voltage Quadrupler
During first positive half cycle:
• Diode D1 is forward biased whereas diodes D2, D3 and

D4 are reverse biased.
• Current will flows to the capacitor C1 and charges it to
the input voltage I.e. Vm.
During first negative half cycle:
• Diode D2 is forward biased and diodes D1, D3 and D4 are reverse biased.
• Current will flows to the capacitor C2 and charges it. The capacitor C2 is charged to twice the peak
voltage of the input signal (2Vm). This is because the charge (Vm) stored in the capacitor C1 is
discharged during the negative half cycle.
• Therefore, the capacitor C1 voltage (Vm) and the input voltage (Vm) is added to the capacitor C2 I.e
Capacitor voltage + input voltage = Vm + Vm = 2Vm. As a result, the capacitor C2charges to 2Vm
During second positive half cycle:
• Diode D3 is forward biased and diodes D1, D2 and D4 are reverse biased.
• As a result, the voltage (2Vm) across capacitor C2 is discharged. This charge will flow to the capacitor
C3 and charges it to the same voltage 2Vm.
During second negative half cycle:
• Diodes D2 and D4 are forward biased whereas diodes D1 and D3 are reverse biased.
• As a result, the charge (2Vm) stored in the capacitor C3 is discharged. This charge will flow to the
capacitor C4 and charges it to the same voltage (2Vm).
• The capacitors C2 and C4 are in series and the output voltage is taken across the two series connected
capacitors C2 and C4.
• The voltage across capacitor C2 is 2Vm and capacitor C4 is 2Vm. So the total output voltage is equal to
the sum of capacitor C2 voltage and capacitor C4voltage I.e. C2 + C4 = 2Vm + 2Vm = 4Vm.
Voltage Doubler, Tripler, Quadrupler
 For further understanding, go through the link below.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqzA3-bgIIE
Advantages Disadvantages
 Low Cost  NeedProtection forCircuit
 ProduceHighVoltage  LowCurrent
 Alternative ofTransformer  Delay is greater than Transformer
 Cost depend uponCapacitors

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Voltage Multiplier

Taught by: MRM Rouzin Azar

Vout = VC2 = 2Vm

Vout = VC1 + VC2 = 2Vm

• Diode D1 is forward biased whereas diodes D2 and D3 are reverse biased.

• Current will flow to the capacitor C1 and charges it toVm

During negative half cycle:

• Diode D2 is forward biased whereas diodes D1 and D3 are reverse biased.

• Diode D3 is forward biased whereas diodes D1 and D2 are reverse

• As a result, the voltage (2Vm) across capacitor C2 is discharged.

• The capacitors C1 and C3 are in series and the output voltage is

• The voltage across capacitor C1 is Vm and capacitor C3 is 2Vm. So

• Diode D1 is forward biased whereas diodes D2, D3 and

During first negative half cycle:

During second negative half cycle:

 For further understanding, go through the link below.

 Alternative ofTransformer  Delay is greater than Transformer

 Cost depend uponCapacitors

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