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    Tutorial 2 de 2024

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    dlaminisphesihle455
    Statistics Tutorial

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    Tutorial 2 de 2024

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    dlaminisphesihle455
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    Statistics Tutorial

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    TUTORIAL 2 DE 2024

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    11 views3 pages

    Tutorial 2 de 2024

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    Statistics Tutorial

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    Differential Equations Tutorial 2

    Due: Monday 05 August 2024


    1. Solve the given Bernoulli equation
    dy dy dy
    (a) t + y = 1/y 2 . (b) = y(ty 3 − 1) (c) − y = et y 2 .
    dt dt dt
    dy
    (d) 3(1 + t2 ) = 2ty(y 3 − 1)
    dt
    dy
    (e) = ry − ky 2 , r > 0, k > 0. (This equation is important in population
    dt
    dynamics).

    2. In calculus the curvature of a curve whose equation is y = f (t) is defined to


    y 
    be a number κ = 3 . Determine a function y(t) for which κ = 1.
    [1 + (y  )2 ] 2
    [Hint: let u = y  and thereafter ignore constants of integration. Also consider
    trigonometric substitutions.]
    3. Find the general solution of the given differential equation.

    (a) y  − 10y  + 25y = 0 (b) 1 y  + y  + y = 0


    4
    (c) y  − 8y  + 20y = 0 (d) 4y  − 4y  − 3y = 0.
    (e) y  − 2y  + 2y = 0. (f) y  − 5y  = 0.
    (g) y  − y  − 4y  + 4y = 0.

    4. Solve the given differential equation subject to the indicated initial conditions.
    (a) y  + 4y = 0, y (0) = 0, y  (0) = 1.
    (b) y  + y  + 1.25y = 0, y (0) = 3, y  (0) = 1.
    π  
    (c) y  + 2y  + 2y = 0, y 4 = 2, y  π4 = −2.

    5. Consider the initial value problem 4y + 12y + 9y = 0, y (0) = 1, y (0) = −4


    (a) Solve the initial value problem.
    (b) Determine where the solutions has a value zero.
    (c) Determine the coordinates (t0, y0) of the minimum point.
    (d) Change the second condition to y(0) = b and find the solution as a function of
    b. Then find the critical value of b that separates solutions that always remain
    positive from those that eventually become negative.
    6. Solve the given differential equation by undetermined coefficients.
    1
    a y// - lOy I + 25y = 30x + 3
    () (b) 11y + y I + y = x2 - 2x
    4
    (c) y" - 8y' + 20y =100x 2
    - 26xe x
    (d) 4y" - 4y' - 3y = cos(2x).
    (e) y"-2y'+2y = e 2x (cos x-cos(2x))
    (g) y "' - y" - 4y' + 4y = 5 - ex + e 2x .
    Hint: for 1 (c) Try Yp = Ax2 +Bx+ C + ex (Dx + E), For 1 (e) Try
    Yp = e 2x (Acosx + Bsin x + Csin(2x) + Dcos 2x) For 1 (g) Try Yp =Ax+
    B + Cex + De 2x .

    7. Use a trigonometric identity as an aid in finding a particular solution of the


    given differential equation.
    (a) y" + y = 8 sin 2 x (b) y" + y = sin x cos(2x).
    8. Solve the given differential equation subject to the indicated initial conditions.
    (a) y" + 4y = -2, y (i) = �' y' (i) = 2.
    (b) y'' + w2y = F0 sin wt, y (0) = 0, y' (0) = 0.
    9. In applications, the input function g( x) is often discontinuous. Solve the initial­
    value problem.
    sin x, 0 � x � 1r/2;
    y" + 4y = g(x), y (0) =1, y' (0) = 2, g(x) = {
    0, X > 1r/2.

    ( Hint: Solve the problem on the two intervals and then find a solution
    so that y and y' are continuous at x = 1r /2.)
    10. Let f(D) = an Dn + an _ 1 n n -l + · · · a 1 D + a0 be a polynomial of a differential
    operator D of degree n where a0, a 1, ···an are real constants. Prove that
    f(D) [cxg(x) + ,Bh(x)] = cxf(D)g(x) + ,BJ(D)h(x)
    given that both g(x) and h(x) are differentiable functions of at least n-times
    and, a and ,8 are real constants.

    11. Solve the differential equation using the D-Operator Method.


    (a) y" - 6y' + 5y = e 2x sin3x (b) y" - 4y' + 13y = 2 sin3x
    (c) y" + lOy' + 25y = 3 cos 4x

    12. Find the particular integral of the differential equations using the D-Operator
    method.
    (a) (D2 +1) y = 4ex (b) y'' - 2y' + 4y = ex cos x (c) y'' - 6y' + 9y = e 3x
    (d) y" + lly' + 28y = 56 (e) 4y'' + 16y = 40 sin 3x.
    13. Consider the Euler equation
    2
    t y"(t) + aty'(t) + f3y(t) = 0, t > 0, a, /3 ER.
    (a) Let x another independent variable such that x = Int.
    . dy 1 dy d2 y 1 d2 y dy
    (1) Show that
    dt = dx t and (
    dt2 = t2 dx2 - dx
    ).
    (ii) Hence, show that the substitution x =Int transforms the Euler equa­
    tion into the following equation with constant coefficients:

    y"(x) + (a - l)y'(x) + f3 y (x) = 0. (1)

    (b) If /3 = 1 and a> 0, find the value(s) of a for which equation (1) has
    (i) two distinct real roots.
    (ii) one repeated real root.
    (iii) two complex conjugate roots.

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