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6 views

Tutorial 2

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qusaifiras54
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Jordan University of Science & Technology

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
EE332 | Electric Machines | Spring 2024 | Tutorial II Instructor: Dr. Ibrahim M. Allafi

P1. [Equivalent Circuit of a Transformer] The equivalent circuit of Fig. 1 shows an


ideal transformer with an impedance R2 + jX2 = 1 + j4 Ω connected in series with the
secondary. The tums ratio N1 /N2 = 5 : 1.
[A] Draw an equivalent circuit with the series impedance referred to the primary side.
[B] For a primary voltage of 120 VRM S and a short connected across the terminals A-B,
calculate the primary current and the current flowing in the short.
[C] Repeat part (B) for a series impedance R2 + jX2 = 0.05 + j0.97 Ω and a turns ratio
of N1 /N2 = 14 : 1. Compare it with the current computed in part (B).

Figure 1: Problem 1

P2. [Equivalent Circuit of a Transformer] A 50-kVA 2400:240-V 60-Hz distribution


transformer has a leakage impedance of 0.72 + j0.92 Ω in the high-voltage winding and
0.0070+j0.0090 Ω in the low-voltage winding. At rated voltage and frequency, the impedance
Zϕ of the shunt branch (equal to the impedance of Re and jXm in parallel) accounting for
the exciting current is 6.32 + j43.7 Ω when viewed from the low-voltage side.
[A] Draw the equivalent circuit referred to the high-voltage side. Label the impedances
numerically.
[B] Draw the equivalent circuit referred to the low-voltage side. Label the impedances
numerically.
[C] If 2400 V rms is applied to the high-voltage side of the transformer, calculate the
magnitude of the current into the magnetizing impedance Zϕ considering the following:
1. Using the exact equivalent circuit of the transformer.
2. Using the approximate equivalent circuit of the transformer.
P3. [Open Circuit and Short Circuit Tests] The following data are obtained when
open-circuit and short-circuit tests are performed on a single-phase, 50-kVA, 2400/240-volt,
60-Hz distribution transformer.
Test Type Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (Watt)
Open Circuit 240 4.85 173
Short Circuit 17.4 6.9 72.2

[A] Determine the core and copper losses in the transformer at rated conditions.
[B] Neglecting the series impedance, determine the exciting admittance referred to the
high-voltage side.
[C] Neglecting the exciting admittance, determine the equivalent series impedance referred
to the high-voltage side.
[D] Obtain an equivalent T-circuit referred to the high-voltage side. Label the impedances
numerically.

P4. [Voltage Regulation and Efficiency] The following data are obtained when open-
circuit and short-circuit tests are performed on a single-phase, 15-kVA, 2300/230-volt, 50-Hz
distribution transformer.
Test Type Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (Watt)
Open Circuit 230 2.1 50
Short Circuit 47 6.0 160

[A] Determine the core and copper losses in the transformer at rated conditions.
[B] Neglecting the series impedance, determine the exciting admittance referred to the
high-voltage side.
[C] Neglecting the exciting admittance, determine the equivalent series impedance referred
to the high-voltage side.
[D] Obtain an equivalent T-circuit referred to the high-voltage side. Label the impedances
numerically.
[E] Determine the voltage regulation and efficiency for the following loads:
1. Lagging power factor of 0.8
2. Unity power factor
3. Leading power factor of 0.8
[F] For the voltage regulation in part [E], draw the phasor diagrams showing the relation-
ship of no-load and full-load voltages.
[G] Determine the maximum efficiency of the transformer at the following loads:
1. Lagging power factor of 0.8
2. Unity power factor
[H] For the results of part [G], which power factor plays a role in achieving the highest
efficiency?
[I] Prove that the maximum efficiency for any transformer occurs when the losses in the
core are equal to the losses in the copper, and the power factor is unity.

P5. [Autotransformers] A 10-kVA, 480/120-V two-winding normal transformer is to be


used to supply power from a 600-V source to a 120-V load. Consider the transformer to be
ideal, and assume that all insulation can handle 600 V.

[A] Sketch the configuration of the transformer that will do the required job.
[B] Find the kilovoltampere rating of the transformer in the new configuration.
[C] Find the advantage factor of the transformer in the new configuration.
[D] Find the maximum primary and secondary currents of the transformer in the new
configuration.
′
[E] Find the equivalent impedance (Zeq ) of the transformer in the new configuration, given
that the normal transformer has a series impedance Zeq = 2 + 3j.
[F] Find the kilovoltampere power of the transformer in the new configuration, due to the
electrical connection.
[G] Repeat the parts [A-F] if the normal transformer is used to supply power from a 600-V
source to a 480-V load.
[H] Compare the apparent power capability result of part [G] with the one computed in
part [B]. Explain the difference between them and what this implies about the ideal
conditions for using a variac.
[I] When the normal transformer is tested at rated load, unity power factor, its efficiency
is 0.979. Find its efficiency as a variac at rated load, with 0.85 power factor lagging.
Hint: Assume that the losses in the transformer remain unchanged in the new config-
uration as they are in the normal configuration.
[J] List three advantages and three disadvantages of the usage of autotransformers.

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