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CALCX Position Velocity Acceleration

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19 views

CALCX Position Velocity Acceleration

Uploaded by

rhaymur101
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Position, Velocity, and

Acceleration

Mr. Miehl
www.tesd.net/miehl
miehlm@tesd.net
Position, Velocity & Acceleration

Velocity is the rate of change of position


with respect to time.
ΔD
Velocity =
ΔT
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity
with respect to time.
ΔV
Acceleration =
ΔT
Position, Velocity & Acceleration

Warning: Professional driver, do not attempt!

When you’re driving your car…


Position, Velocity & Acceleration

squeeeeek!

…and you jam on the brakes…


Position, Velocity & Acceleration

…and you feel the car slowing down…


Position, Velocity & Acceleration

…what you are really feeling…


Position, Velocity & Acceleration

…is actually acceleration.


Position, Velocity & Acceleration
I felt that
acceleration.
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
How do you find a function that describes a physical event?

Steps for Modeling Physical Data

1) Perform an experiment.

2) Collect and graph data.

3) Decide what type of curve fits the data.

4) Use statistics to determine the equation of the curve.


Position, Velocity & Acceleration
A crab is crawling along the edge of your desk.
Its location (in feet) at time t (in seconds) is given by
P (t ) = t 2 + t.

a) Where is the crab after 2 seconds?

b) How fast is it moving at that instant (2 seconds)?


Position, Velocity & Acceleration
A crab is crawling along the edge of your desk.
Its location (in feet) at time t (in seconds) is given by
P (t ) = t 2 + t.

a) Where is the crab after 2 seconds?

P ( 2) = ( 2) + ( 2)
2

P ( 2 ) = 6 feet
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
A crab is crawling along the edge of your desk.
Its location (in feet) at time t (in seconds) is given by
P (t ) = t 2 + t.

b) How fast is it moving at that instant (2 seconds)?


Velocity is the rate of change of position.

P (t ) = t 2 + t
V ( t ) = P ' ( t ) = 2t + 1
Velocity function P '( 2) = 2 ( 2) + 1
P '( 2) = 5 feet per second
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
A disgruntled calculus student
hurls his calculus book in the air.
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
The position of the
calculus book:
p ( t ) = −16t 2 + 96t
t is in seconds and
p(t) is in feet

a) What is the maximum height attained by the book?

b) At what time does the book hit the ground?

c) How fast is the book moving when it hits the ground?


Position, Velocity & Acceleration
a) What is the maximum height attained by the book?
The book attains its maximum height when its velocity is 0.
p ( t ) = −16t 2 + 96t
v ( t ) = p′ ( t ) = −32t + 96
0 = −32t + 96
32t = 96
t = 3 seconds
p ( 3) = −16 ( 3) + 96 ( 3)
2
Velocity function

p ( 3) = −144 + 288
p ( 3) = 144 feet
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
b) At what time does the book hit the ground?
The book hits the ground when its position is 0.

p ( t ) = −16t 2 + 96t
0 = −16t + 96t
2

0 = −16t (t − 6)
−16t = 0 t −6 = 0
t = 0 sec. t = 6 sec.
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
c) How fast is the book moving when it hits the ground?
Good guess: 0 ft/sec This is incorrect.

v ( t ) = −32t + 96
v ( 6 ) = −32 ( 6 ) + 96
v ( 6 ) = −192 + 96
v ( 6 ) = −96 ft/sec

Downward direction
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
Acceleration: the rate of change of velocity
with respect to time.

Velocity function v ( t ) = −32t + 96


Acceleration function a ( t ) = v′ ( t ) = −32 ft/sec2

How is the acceleration function related to the position function?

Acceleration is the second derivative of position.

a ( t ) = p′′ ( t )

Jerk is the rate of change of acceleration with respect to time.


Position, Velocity & Acceleration
A red sports car is traveling, and its position P (in miles) at time t (in hours)
is given by P (t ) = t 2 – 7t.

a) When is the car 30 miles from where it started?

b) What is the velocity at the very moment the car is 30 miles away?

c) What is the acceleration at the very moment the car is 30 miles away?

d) When does the car stop?


Position, Velocity & Acceleration
A red sports car is traveling, and its position P (in miles) at time t (in hours)
is given by P (t ) = t 2 – 7t.

a) When is the car 30 miles from where it started?

30 = t 2 − 7t

0 = t 2 − 7t − 30

0 = ( t − 10 )( t + 3)
t − 10 = 0 t +3= 0
t = 10 hours t = −3
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
A red sports car is traveling, and its position P (in miles) at time t (in hours)
is given by P (t ) = t 2 – 7t.

b) What is the velocity at the very moment


the car is 30 miles away?

V ( t ) = P ' ( t ) = 2t − 7
V ( t ) = P ' ( t ) = 2t − 7
P ' (10 ) = 2 (10 ) − 7
P ' (10 ) = 13 Miles per hour
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
A red sports car is traveling, and its position P (in miles) at time t (in hours)
is given by P (t ) = t 2 – 7t.

c) What is the acceleration at the very moment


the car is 30 miles away?

V ( t ) = P ' ( t ) = 2t − 7
A ( t ) = P '' ( t ) = 2 Miles per hour2
Position, Velocity & Acceleration
A red sports car is traveling, and its position P (in miles) at time t (in hours)
is given by P (t ) = t 2 – 7t.

d) When does the car stop?

V ( t ) = P ' ( t ) = 2t − 7
0 = 2t − 7
7 = 2t
t = 3.5 hours
Conclusion
z The velocity function is found by taking the derivative
of the position function.

z In order for an object traveling upward to obtain


maximum position, its instantaneous velocity must
equal 0.

z As an object hits the ground, its velocity is not 0, its


height is 0.

z The acceleration function is found by taking the


derivative of the velocity function.

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