8.1 What Is An Earthquake

Name /l[;c~ Geo~;~ Block q
8.1 Notes • What Is an Earthquake?
What is a vibration of the earth produced by a

rapid release within the lithosphere?
What are the solid parts of the crust and

mantle?
Draw a picture of the Lithosphere and

Asthenosphere in relation to the crust and
mantle.
t l)~ 'l f ,{YI CIY1ff't,.
. ..j 'f'(A,/4-f_,
Define the difference between the layers of The Lithosphere and Asthenosphere are
the Earth defined based on ,r11:ech,[fol f 5
properties while the crust and m~(lt~ re
based on (, \re.:ro',,lU-.\ tfN"f
~ite$tiposition.
What is a fracture in the earth's where

movement has occurred
The· f O(}lt? is the point where an
earthquake starts. It is located on the fa It
and it is underground. The _ ,e ..c..+\--"'
'- ""'-"'"--'---'__._-
is the location on the surface di ctly above
the focus. Energy released by the earthquake
travels in all directions called
S-t0 S'Q'\Qt waves.
What theory states that most earthquakes are
produced by rapid release of energy stored in
rock that has been subjected to great forces.
t,\~ V \C\B'oc, {) t
Tension and pressure building then suddenly,
it breaks. Releasing energy. V\~~*~
Can rocks bend?
What is a small earthquake that occurs after

a major earthquake?
l J
I
1,i , 1111 e
U<l le A{o u, I6
Earlhq uakes and Eilrlh's Interior
a_.1 What Is an Earthquake?

T/11s sect 1011 expln111s wl,at eartl, 111,k 11d
earthquakes . q es a flrnils are m,d what causes
1. Circle the letter of the a . ·
that take place ea h ~p10x1mate number of majo r earthqua kes
. c year.
Gi)about SO b. about 75
O bout3000 d. about 30,000
Earthquakes
Match each description with its earthquake feature.
Description Earthquake Feature
2. Earth vibration caused by rapid \ epicenter
(, energy release
~ -focus
-
l 3. energy that radiates in all directions
from the earthquake origin
c\ seismic wave
<-\fault
4. fracture where movement has
occurred ' \ earthquake
5. surface location directly above
lo where an earthquake originates
6. location within Earth where an
earthquake originates
The Cause of Earthquakes
7. Is the following sentence true or false? It was not until after the
1906 San Francisco earthquake was studied that the actual cause of
earthquakes was understood. ¾:C~
8. Complete the flowchart to show the sequence of events that occur
when rocks are deformed along a fault.
A. Forces in Earth act on rocks B. Roe~ ~i:o--f

on both sides of a fault. ~±d'<\ e,,(l -~
I
t
C. hrt£AY1.C, /n1~WYe~ D. Energy is released.
I
;.
9. The ~\CIPz\.,l ,-e.ie 1111J.. hypothesis states that when rocks are
deformed, they bend and then break, releasin stored energy.
10. · ·
to tC:£
4
th
ll. Is e foHow ing sentence tru~_Qr)a lse? Most eilr thqu akes occur
along ex1stmg fa ults. _ 1'<' ~
_'{__/'
-=-- --
lZ. Circle the letter of small Earth movements that occur follo wing a
ma1or earU1quake.
a. fo reshocks
b. slippage
@ aftershocks
' d. foci .L . w ,te.vv\
l 11, \ •. " l'~,\:ir:1: 71 .
13. The -?~Y) 'ff'i\{M{V) ·rvv\\ 1s one of the most studied fault systems
in the world. t;l&W
14. What is fault creep?
Section 8.2 Measuring Earthquakes

This section disrnsses types of seismic waves and how earthq11akes are located
and measured.
Recording Seismic Waves

B
1. Circle the letter of ilie type of C
seismic wave that shakes particles I
I I
at right angles to ilieir direction of I
travel. I ! I
a. Pwaves
© swaves
c. surface waves
d. compression waves I
I I 1 I
2. The figure shows a typical recording
of an earthquake. Select the appropriate letter in the figure that
identifies each of the following types of seismic waves.
C,- smface wave
= r swave
_A_ r wave
3. Ci~·cle the l~tter of _the name of the reco rdi ng of the th ree types of
seismic waves 111 the figure on page 57.
t)seismograph ®seismogram
c. seismic wave ~ .ivcl-time grnph
Measuring Earthquakes
4. c;) What two types of measurerneA1ts do scientists use to describe,
the size of earthquakes? ,it\tl}9· ~ik<-:\
~[,l,l\{, ,
I
Match each description with its term related to earthquake 111e11s11rement.
Description Term
5. derived from the amount of \ intensity
displacement that occurs along '\ magnitude
a fault zone
\_ Richter scale
6. based on the amplitude of
the largest seismic wave recorded moment magnitude scale
on a seismogram
7.
lo measure of the size of seismic
waves or amow1t of energy released
(j-/' at the earthquake source
_ _ 8. measure of the amount of
earthquake shaking at a location
based on damage
9. What measurement do scjentisJsloday use for
earthquakes?
"M.pl't,L\{\~ ,)<;\~ I ':J ( (/\}~ /
10. Why is the answer to question 9 ,the
for earthquakes? ---V-~H-- ~~~~&<\.---1..l.L.il.<:..____:~~'4----'-L..LL.l.l-'-l.{l.q>".L.
Locating an Earthquake
11. Is the following sentence true or false? On a seis mogram, the
greater the interval is between the arriva l of the first P wave and
the first S wave, the greater the distance to the earthqu ake source.
\
\lo'\Y-:-:::
12. ls the following sentence true or fal se 7 You can use travel-time
graphs from two seismogra~\ to find the exact location of an
earthquake epicenter. ~'=---

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Name /l[;c~ Geo~;~ Block q

8.1 Notes • What Is an Earthquake?

What is a vibration of the earth produced by a

What are the solid parts of the crust and

Draw a picture of the Lithosphere and

t l)~ 'l f ,{YI CIY1ff't,.

What is a fracture in the earth's where

What is a small earthquake that occurs after

a_.1 What Is an Earthquake?

A. Forces in Earth act on rocks B. Roe~ ~i:o--f

Section 8.2 Measuring Earthquakes

Recording Seismic Waves

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