History

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Stone tools

1. Chopper
2. Hand axe
3. Cleaver
4. Borer
5. Crescentic blade, scraper.
What is flint(type of stone)?
Generally found near Sohan river in Punjab.
It took around 300,000 years for men to become food-producers from food-gatherers.
In beginning axe-heads were used without a handle for cutting branches of trees.
Later they were tied to a stick which made it easier to use them. The use of tools
gave a big advantage.
If you walk alog a river bed in the foot-hills of the Himalayas or in certain parts
of the Deccan Plateau such as Narmada valley, and look carefully along the ground,
you may find from time to time one of these stone "implements", as the
archaeologists call them.
Tree barks, Skin of animals, large leaves etch were used as clothes.
Archaeology-- It means the study of the remains of the ancient past.
Summary:
In the beginning man was a nomad. He lived in caves or on leafy branches of trees
and ate roots and fruit. In course of time he learnt to make a fire and tools and
weapons of stone. He hunted animals, ate their flesh, and in witner wrapped animal
skins or leaves of trees round himself to keep warm. He wandered from place to
place in groups. When he learnt to make his own tools and weapons, he took the
first step towards civilization.

Once human learnt about agriculture, he stopped being a nomad. He stopped being a
nomad and settle down in one place.
Taming of animals: Wild goats for milk and food. Animals were also began to be used
as cart pullers. To grow crop they had to clear a patch of land. This was done by
cutting down the small and large trees through stone tools and then burning the
stubble. Discovery of metals made clearing of patch very easy. Begin with copper
and later it was mixed with iron to produce bronze.
Use of Stones - Stone age/Paleolithic age/Neolithic age
Use of Metals- Copper/Bronze age/Chalcolithic age(Bronze axes and kinves have been
found in Brahmagiri near mysore and navda-toli, on Narmada).
The dog, goat and sheep were probably the first of the animals to be domesticated.
Among plants wheat and barley were the earliest of the cereals grown.

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