2ND SEM

PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
Qualitative Research
James Paul B. Velasco
CHARACTERISTICS,
PROCESSES AND
ETHICS OF
RESEARCH
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Week 1B, Quarter 3, Second Semester
S.Y. 2023-2024
OBJECTIVES:
• describes characteristics, processes, and
ethics of research CS_RS11- IIIa-3
 WHAT I KNOW
1. It is a systematic investigation with its
purpose to establish facts and
conclusions.
2. It develops the scientific theories to be
more understandable to the readers.
3. It is a type of research that needs
answers to a specific question.
 WHAT’S NEW
• Describe what you see in the picture on
the next slide.
• Give at least three (3) characteristics.
 WHAT’S NEW
• Describe what you see in this picture.
 WHAT’S NEW
• What is shown in the picture?
• How did you know it is that place?
• How would you describe the place?
• What is a characteristic?
Research also has
a characteristic
CHARACTERISTICS
OF RESEARCH
 Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that
the following are the major
characteristics of research:
1. EMPIRICAL. Research is based on
observations and experiments of
theories.
Empirical means originating in or based on
observation or experience (Merriam-Webster)
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
 2. SYSTEMATIC. Research follows
orderly and sequential procedures,
based on valid procedures and
principles.
3. CONTROLLED - In research, all
variables, except those that are tested/
experimented on, are kept constant.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
 4. EMPLOYS HYPOTHESIS - refers to a
search for facts, answers to questions
and solutions to problems.
5. ANALYTICAL - shows analytical
procedures in gathering the data,
whether historical, descriptive, and or
case study.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
 6. OBJECTIVE - it is unbiased and
logical. All findings are logically based
on real-life situations.
7. ORIGINAL WORK - it requires its own
examination and produces the data
needed to complete the study.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Can you now describe
research in your own
words?
THE RESEARCH
PROCESS
 Process this…
• In your experience, how many ways are
there to cook chicken?
• Does it have the same process?
• Does research also have a process?
THE RESEARCH
PROCESS
 Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added
that the following are involved in
the Research Processes:
1. DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM:
What is the problem?
2. REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE: What evidence is
already presented?
PROCESSES OF RESEARCH
 3. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS: How
are we going to find/look for the
answer to questions being studied?
4. RESEARCH DESIGN: Where will the
study be shown and with what
population?

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
 5. COLLECTING DATA: Are we ready
to gather the data? Where do we find
the data?
6. ANALYZING DATA: How do the data
answer the research queries?

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
 7. 7. INTERPRET AND REPORT: What
are the implications of the results?

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Are you now familiar
with the Research
process?
Arrange the process in the correct order:
5 • DATA COLLECTION
4 • RESEARCH DESIGN
1 • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
6 • DATA ANALYSIS
3 • HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION
7 • DATA INTERPRETATION
2 • REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
RESEARCH
ETHICS
What is Ethics?
• Ethics is based on well-founded
standards of right and wrong that
prescribe what humans must do,
usually in terms of rights, obligations,
benefits to society, fairness, or specific
virtues (Velasquez et al, 2010).
Ethics in Research
• Research ethics involves the
application of fundamental ethical
principles to research activities.
 According to Resnik, 2007,
ethical norms are significant in
conducting research studies as
explained in the following:
• First, ethics promotes the pursuit of
knowledge, truth, and credibility. It also
fosters values that are essential to
collaborative work.
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
 • Second, ethical norms help individuals
to be accountable in every act that the
researcher/s undertake.
• Third, ensure that researchers are
held accountable to the public.

ETHICS IN RESEARCH
 • Lastly, an ethical norm in research
also needs public awareness.
• This can be evaluated by the
researcher before conducting the study
because this may help a certain
population in an area once the study is
completed.
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
Ethical Codes and
Policies for
Research
(Resnik, 2007)
• Honesty
Maintain all communication. Data
should not be faked.
• Objectivity
Avoid biases in experimental
designs, data analysis,
interpretation, expert testimony,
and other aspects of research.
• Carefulness
Avoid careless errors and
negligence.
• Openness
Share data, results, ideas and tools.
Be open to criticism and new
ideas.
• Confidentiality
Protect confidential communication.
• Responsible Publication
Avoid duplicating publications.
• Responsible Mentoring
Help to educate, mentor, and advise
others.
• Respect Colleagues
Treat all peers fairly.
• Social Responsibility
Strive to promote social good. Avoid
social harm.
• Non- Discrimination
avoid discrimination against
colleagues or students on the basis
of sex, races, ethnicity, and or others.
• Legality
Be informed and obey relevant laws
and institutional governmental
policies.
• Respect of Intellectual Property
Give proper acknowledgment or
credits to all researchers.
• Human Subject
Minimize risks that involve human
lives, dignity, and privacy.
 ASSIGNMENT
• In three (3) sentences, explain the role of
research in understanding the situation
of those who are affected by the COVID
19 pandemic.
• Write your answer on your notebook
SO LONG!