Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________

Pre-AP Precalculus

1) Evaluate each of the following expressions.

a) log 4 64 b) log 8 1 c) log 27 9 d) log 5 √5

ln 4𝑒−1 1
e) log 1 2 f) g) log 9 243 h) log −
16 − ln 4 10

1
i) 4 ln 3 + log 4 643 j) 𝑒 ln 2−ln 5−ln 3 − ln 𝑒 3 k) 42log4 5−1
√𝑒

2) Graph each of the following functions using the transformation and the intercepts. Identify the
Domain and Range.

a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥+3 − 2

b) 𝑔(𝑥) = −4𝑥−2 + 3
Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________
Pre-AP Precalculus

c) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑒 1−𝑥 − 5

d) 𝑓(𝑥) = log 3 (𝑥 + 2) − 2

e) 𝑔(𝑥) = − ln(𝑥 + 6) + 1
Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________
Pre-AP Precalculus

f) ℎ(𝑥) = log 4 (3 − 𝑥) + 4

3) Evaluate each of the following limits.

3𝑒 𝑥 −4 2+3𝑒 𝑥
a) lim b) lim c) lim (6 − 𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑥→−∞ 5𝑒 𝑥 +2 𝑥→−∞ 7−5𝑒𝑥 𝑥→−∞

d) lim (𝑒 𝑥 + 2) e) lim+(ln(𝑥 − 1) + 2) f) lim log 4 𝑥 3

𝑥→∞ 𝑥→1 𝑥→16

4) Expand each of the following logarithmic expressions. If possible, evaluate.

1 5 2 +𝑥
a) ln (𝑒(1−𝑥)3 ) b) log 3 81𝑎6 √𝑦𝑧 3 c) ln(√𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 + 8)𝑒 𝑥 )
Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________
Pre-AP Precalculus

(𝑥+1)4 (𝑥−5)3 𝑥 2 +1 (𝑥+1)(𝑥−2)

d) log ( (𝑥−3)8
) e) log 5 √ 𝑥+1 f) log 2 (𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)

5) Condense each of the following to a single logarithm.

1
a) 7 ln 𝑥 − 3 ln 𝑦 + 8 ln 𝑧 b) (log 4 𝑥 − log 8 𝑦) + 2 log 4(𝑥 + 1)
2

1
c) 1 + 3 log 𝑥 + log(5 − 𝑥) − log 3 − 2 log(𝑥 + 7)2
3

6) Find the inverse of each of the following functions.

a) 𝑓(𝑥) − 2 log(2(𝑥 − 1)) + 2 b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 − 2𝑒 −2𝑥

Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________
Pre-AP Precalculus

7) Solve each of the following equations.

a) ln 3 − ln(𝑥 + 5) − ln 𝑥 = 0 b) 𝑒 12−5𝑥 − 7 = 123

c) 72𝑥+1 = 3𝑥+2 d) ln √𝑥 + 4 = 1

1
e) 52𝑥 ∙ 253𝑥−4 = 125 f) 𝑒 4𝑥 − 3𝑒 2𝑥 − 18 = 0
Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________
Pre-AP Precalculus

g) log(𝑥 − 5) − log(𝑥 + 4) = log(𝑥 − 1) − log(𝑥 + 2)

h) 2 log 2 (𝑥 − 2) = 4 − log 2 𝑥 i) ln(𝑥 2 ) = (ln(𝑥))2

8) Find the equation of the tangent line using the given information.
−2𝑥
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(3 − 𝑥 2 ), 𝑚 = , at 𝑥 = 1
3−𝑥 2

1 1
b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 2𝑥 ln(𝑥 + 𝑒) + 𝑥 − ln(𝑥 + 1) , 𝑚 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (𝑥+𝑒) + ln(𝑥 + 𝑒) (2𝑒 2𝑥 ) + 1 − 𝑥+1 , 𝑥 = 0
Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________
Pre-AP Precalculus
𝑑𝑦
9) Solve each of the following equations for .
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
a) 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 1 = 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 b) 𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ) + (ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑦)(1) + 2𝑒 2𝑥 = 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

(2𝑥+𝑒 2𝑥 )(0)−2(2+2𝑒 2𝑥 )
10) Simplify (2𝑥+𝑒 2𝑥 )2
and choose the corresponding answer.

1
a) 0 b) 1+𝑒 2𝑥

−4(1+𝑒 2𝑥 ) 1+𝑥𝑒 2𝑥−1

c) (2𝑥+𝑒 2𝑥 )2
d) (2𝑥+𝑒 2𝑥 )2

e) None of these

3𝑥 (3𝑥 2 )−𝑥 3 (3𝑥 ) ln 3

11) Simplify and choose the corresponding answer.
32𝑥

𝑥 3𝑥 2
a) 3𝑥−2 b) 3𝑥 (ln 3)

𝑥 2 (9−𝑥 2 ) 𝑥 2 [3−𝑥 ln 3]
c) 3𝑥+1
d) 3𝑥

e) None of these

12) Find all values of x for which the given function is zero or undefined. Be sure to fully simplify first.
1
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 on [0,2𝜋) b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 (𝑥) − 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 1
Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________
Pre-AP Precalculus
2
𝑥 3 (− )−(1−2 ln 𝑥)(3𝑥 2 )
c) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑒 −2𝑥 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑥6

𝑎𝑒 𝑥 + 3 , 𝑥 < 1
13) Given 𝑓(𝑥) = { , find the value(s) of a that make 𝑓(𝑥) continuous at 𝑥 = 1.
𝑎𝑥 + 1 , 𝑥 ≥ 1

ln(2 − 𝑥) , 𝑥<2
14) Let 𝑔 be a function 𝑔(𝑥) = {cos 𝜋𝑥 , 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 4.
𝑒 𝑥−4 , 𝑥≥4
a) Find lim 𝑔(𝑥) and lim 𝑔(𝑥) using proper notation.
𝑥→2 𝑥→4

b) For what values of x, if any, is 𝑔(𝑥) = 1?

Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________
Pre-AP Precalculus

c) Sketch a graph of 𝑔.

Calculator Allowed:
1
15) Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be the functions given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 + sin(𝜋𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 4−𝑥 as shown in the figure
below.

a) Find the leftmost interestion point in the figure. Label it A.

b) Find the rightmost interestion point in the figure. Label it B.

c) The area of the region S is given by the equation 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ℎ(𝐵) − ℎ(𝐴) where
1 1 4 −𝑥
ℎ(𝑥) = 4 𝑥 + 𝜋 sin 𝜋𝑥 + ln 4. Find the area of S.

16) The populations P (in thousands) in Pitsburgh, Pennsylvania from 2000 through 2007 can be
2632
modeled by 𝑃(𝑡) = 1+0.053𝑒 0.0500𝑡 where 𝑡 represents the year, with 𝑡 = 0 corresponding to 2000.

a) Use the model to find the populations of Pittsburgh in the years 2000, 2005, 2007.

b) In what year will the population reach 2.2 million?

Unit 9 Study Guide Name:______________________________
Pre-AP Precalculus

c) Confirm your answer to part c) algebraically.

d) The pigeon population in the city of Pittsburgh is given by the equation 𝐵(𝑡) = 500 ln(𝑡 − 1)
where 𝑡 is the number of years after 2000 and 𝐵 is the pigeon population in thousands. If both
models were to continue past 2007, in what year would the number of pigeons overtake the
human population?

e) Pigeons will effectively overrun a city when the number of pigeons exceeds the number of
humans by 1 million. In what year will the humans need to bow to their pigeon overlords? (Hint,
write a new equation that expresses the difference between B and P.)

f) Write 𝑃(𝐵(𝑡)) without a logarithm in your answer.