3.8.

TUTORIAL SHEET 8 59

3.8. Tutorial sheet 8

Z e Z 1 
(1) (i) dx dy
Z 11 Zlog
1
y

(ii) f (x, y)dy dx.
−1 x2
Z π Z y  Z π
sin(y)
(2) (i) dx dy = sin(y)dy = 2.
y
Z 01 Z x0  Z 10
2
(ii) x2 exy dy dx = x(ex − 1)dx
0 0 0
1 1 1
(e − 1) − = (e − 2).
=
2 2 2
Z 2 Z 2 Z πx 
dy
(iii) (tan−1 (πx) − tan−1 (x))dx = 2
dx
0 0 x! 1 + y !
Z Z Z 2 Z y Z 2π Z 2
d(x, y) dx dx
= 2
= 2
dy + 2
dy
R1 +R2 1 + y 0 y/π 1 + y 2 y/π 1 + y
Z 2 Z 2π
1 ydy y dy
= (1 − ) 2
+ (2 − )
0 π 1 + y 2 π 1 + y2
π−1 2 2 −1 2π 1
= log(1 + y )|0 + 2 tan y|2 − log(1 + y 2 )|2π
2
2π 2π 
2

π−1 −1 −1 1 (4π + 1)
= log 5 + 2(tan 2π − tan 2) − log .
2π 2π 5
ZZ Z 1 Z 2x  Z 1
2 2 2
(3) ex d(x, y) = ex dy dx = 2xex dx = e − 1.
D 0 0 0
(4) Put
u−v u+v
,y = x= .
2 2
Then the rectangle R = {π ≤ u ≤ 3π, −π ≤ v ≤ π}
in the uv-plane gets mapped to D, a parallelogram in the xy-plane.
Further,
1/2 −1/2 1
J= =
1/2 1/2 2
and then
ZZ ZZ
1
(x − y)2 sin2 (x + y)dxdy =
v 2 sin2 (u) dudv
D R 2
Z π  Z 3π
π3 π4
  
1 1
= v 2 dv sin2 (u)du = 2× (π) = .
2 −π π 2 3 3
(5) Put
u
, y = uv. x=
v
Then the rectangle R = {1 ≤ u ≤ 3, 1 ≤ v ≤ 2} in the uv-plane gets mapped to D
in the xy-plane.
Further,
1/v −u/v 2 2u
J= =
v u v
60 3. SOLUTIONS

and then
ZZ ZZ Z 3  Z 2 
2u dv
d(x, y) = Area(D) = dudv = 2udu = 8 log 2.
D R v 1 1 v

(6) (i) Setting

x = ρ cos(θ), y = ρ sin(θ), 0 ≤ ρ ≤ r, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π,
and using J = ρ, we get
ZZ Z 2π Z r
−(x2 +y 2 ) 2 2
e d(x, y) = e−ρ ρdρdθ = π(1 − e−r ).
D(r) 0 0

Therefore, letting r → ∞, we obtain the limit to be π.

π 2 π
(ii) By symmetry, the required limit is lim 1 − e−r = .
r→∞ 4 4
(iii) Let
I(r) = {|x| ≤ r, |y| ≤ r} .
Then ZZ ZZ
2
+y 2 ) 2
+y 2 )
e−(x d(x, y) ≤ e−(x d(x, y)
D(r) I(r)
ZZ
2
+y 2 )d(x,y)
≤ √ e−(x .
D(r 2)
Therefore, letting r → ∞, we obtain the limit to be π using the Sandwich
theorem.
π
(iv) The required integral being one-fourth of the integral in (iii) is .
4
(7) By symmetry, the given volume is 8 times the volume  in the positive octant.
In that octant the volume lies above the region Q = x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x2 + y 2 ≤ a2
and underneath the cylinder x2 + z 2 = a2 .
Therefore,
Z a Z √a2 −x2 Z √a2 −x2 ! !
16a3
V =8 1dz dy dx = .
0 0 0 3
(8)
p p p
D = {(x, y, z)| − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1, − 1 − x2 ≤ y ≤ 1 − x2 , x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 1}.
(9)
√ √ !
Z 2 Z 2−x2 Z 2 
I= xdz dy dx.
0 0 x2 +y 2

We can also write the region of integration D as

√ p
D = {(x, y, z)|0 ≤ z ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ z, 0 ≤ x ≤ z − y 2 }.
Thus
Z 2 Z √
z Z √z−y2 ! ! √
8 2
I= xdx dy dz = .
0 0 0 15
(10) (i) Using cylindrical coordinates, one has
Z 1 Z 2π Z 1
I= (z 2 r2 )rdrdθdz = π/3.
−1 0 0
 3.8. TUTORIAL SHEET 8 61

(ii) Using spherical coordinates, one has

Z 2π Z π Z 1
4π(e − 1)
I= (exp(r3 )r2 sin ϕdrdϕdθ = .
0 0 0 3