Las 7

Molecular and Formula Mass
Let us differentiate molecular mass from formula mass. The formula

mass and molecular mass are two values that express the size of a molecule. The
formula mass of a molecule is the sum average of the atomic weights of the
atoms in its empirical formula.
However, the molecular mass of a molecule is its average mass as
calculated by adding the atomic weights of the atoms in the molecular formula.
The table shows the difference between formula and molecular mass:
Formula mass Molecular mass
Use amu (atomic mass unit) as units. Use g/mol (gram per mole) as units.
Mass of molecules may not be exact. Always give the exact mass of a
mole of molecules
Calculated through empirical Calculated through molecular

formula formula
Sum of the masses of atoms present Mass of a mole of a given molecule.

in the empirical formula.
Used for ionic compounds

Used for covalent bond compounds
Let us analyze the given samples using the following steps to calculate molecular
mass of a substance.
Steps in Calculating Molecular Mass
1st step: Determine the number of atoms of the elements present in the
molecule.
2nd step: Find the atomic mass of each atom using the periodic table of elements.
Multiply the atomic mass to the number of atoms of the elements
present in the molecule.
3rd step: Get the sum of all the product.
Sample 1: Mefenamic acid consist of C 13H18O2, a common compound that is

mostly
used in pain medication. What is the molecular mass for this compound?
Element Quantity Average atomic mass Subtotal
(amu)
C 13 X 12.01 = 156.13
H 18 X 1.01 = 18.18
O 2 X 16.00 = 32.00
Molecular Mass 206.31

The molecular mass of mefenamic acid (C 13H18O2) is 206.31 amu
Steps in Calculating Formula Mass

1st step: Determine the number of atoms of the elements present in the molecule.
2nd step: Find the atomic mass of each atom using the periodic table of elements.
Multiply the atomic mass to the number of atoms of the elements
present in the molecule.
3rd step: Get the sum of all the product.
Sample 2: Compute the formula mass of limewater, Ca(OH) 2

(amu)
Ca 1 X 40.08 = 40.08
H 2 X 1.01 = 2.02
O 2 X 16.00 = 32.00
Formula Mass 74.10
The formula mass of limewater, Ca(OH)2 74.10 amu.
What is Mole?
We use counting units to easily represent the quantity of materials. Just as
we denote 1 dozen for 12 eggs, it can be 1 dozen for 12 bananas or 12 candies.
Similarly, a mole is used to count entities on a microscopic level like atoms,
molecules, ions, particles etc.
In Chemistry, mole (mol) is simply defined as the quantity of a substance

which contains the same number of particles. Look at the illustration below to
understand how the mole expresses quantity and unit based on number.
In counting the number of atoms, we use a constant number called
Avogadro’s number which is equivalent to a MOLE. Understanding the basic
concept of a mole is the key in relating mass, mole, and number of particles in
elements, compounds and chemical reactions. This chemical calculation used in
chemistry is known as stoichiometry.
One mole is the amount of substance that contains as many particles as there
are present in 12 grams of Carbon-12 atom. The actual number of atoms in 12 g
of Carbon-12 isotope is equal to 6.02x10 23 particles called Avogadro’s number, in
honor of the Italian scientist Amadeo Avogadro.
1 mole 12 C = 12.00g 12 C = 6.02 x 1023 12 C atoms

Calculating Number of Mole Given the Mass or Vice Versa
Operationally, the number of moles is determined using the formula.
Let us calculate the number of moles of oxygen (O 2) in 24.0 g of O2. From

the definition of a mole, we know that 1 mole of O 2 = 32.0 g.
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑂2
Solution:
𝑀𝑜𝑙 = 24.0 𝑔 𝑂2
32.0 𝑔 𝑂2
𝑒
Mole = 0.75 mole of
O2
Mole-Mass Relationship and Calculation
Chemists generally use the mole as the unit for the numbers of atoms or
molecules of a substance. In the previous discussion, molecular mass of any
element can be determined by finding the atomic weight of the element on the
periodic table.
By recognizing the relationship between the molecular mass, moles, and

particles, scientists can use dimensional analyses to easily convert mass,
number of moles of atoms or vice versa.
For simple mole to mass conversion, here is the general pattern:

Cases General Pattern
Case 1: No. of moles is given; mass
is unknown
Case 2: Mass is given; no. of moles Number of moles = given mass X molar
is unknown mass
Case 1: No. of moles is given; mass is unknown

Problem: What is the mass in grams of 2 moles of magnesium?
Computation Process:
Step 1. Identify the given.
Given: 2 moles of magnesium
1 mole of Mg = 24 g Mg
Unknown: mass in grams of Mg
1 mole of Mg = 24 g Mg
Identity the case on the table above and use the
Step 2. formula.
Case 1:
Step 3. Substitute the value in the equation.
Case 2: Mass is given; no. of moles is unknown
Problem: What is the number of moles of 36 g of water (H 2O)?

Step 1. Identify the given and unknown.
Given: 36 g of H2O
Unknown: number of moles and molar mass of water (H 2O)
Step 2. Determine the molar mass of a compound
H= 1g x 2 = 2g
O = 16 g x 1 = 16 g
The molar mass of water (H2O) is 18 g/mol
Step 3. Substitute the values in the equation, in this we will use the
formula in case no. 2.
The unit for the number of mole is expressed as mole or mol.
Mole-Number of Particles Relationship

From our previous discussion, you have already learned that is the mole can be
used to relate masses of substance to the quantity of atoms therein. This is an
easy way of determining how much of one substance can react with a given
amount of another substance.
From moles of a substance, you can also find the number of atoms in a
substance and vice versa.
In this part, let us find out how to convert moles and the number of atoms
in each substance using Avogadro’s number.
We know that the number of particles present in 12 g of carbon is 6.02x10 23.
This is known as Avogadro’s number. The number of particles (atoms, molecules,
ions) is equal to Avogadro's number 6.02 x 10 23 in honor of the scientist Amedeo
Avogadro.
Here is the formula that is used in determining the number of particles of a

compound:
No. of particles = n X N
Where:
n = number of moles
N = Avogadro’s number which has a constant value of 6.02 x 10 23
Let us try to analyze the sample problem.

Problem: Carbon dioxide is the by-product of the respiration of humans and
animals. It is used by plants to perform photosynthesis. If a human
released 3 moles of CO2 in a second, how many molecules of CO 2 are
there?
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown.
Given: 3 moles of CO2
Unknown: No of particles (molecules)
Step 2: Substitute the given in the equation.

No. of particles = 3 moles x 6.02 x1023 CO2 molecules
= 18.06 x 1023 CO2 molecules

= 1.806 x 1024 CO2 molecules
Activity 1. Molecular Mass
Compute the molecular mass of the given compounds. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Copper (II) Sulfate (CuSO4)
Cu X =
S X =
O X =
Molecular Mass
2. Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4)

K X =
Mn X =
O X =
Molecular Mass
3. Lead (II) Nitrate Pb(NO3)2

Pb X =
N X =
O X =
Molecular Mass
4. Ammonium Sulfate (NH4)2SO4

N X =
H X =
S X =
O X =
Molecular Mass

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Molecular and Formula Mass

Let us differentiate molecular mass from formula mass. The formula

Calculated through empirical Calculated through molecular

Sum of the masses of atoms present Mass of a mole of a given molecule.

Used for ionic compounds

3rd step: Get the sum of all the product.

Sample 1: Mefenamic acid consist of C 13H18O2, a common compound that is

Molecular Mass 206.31

Steps in Calculating Formula Mass

3rd step: Get the sum of all the product.

Sample 2: Compute the formula mass of limewater, Ca(OH) 2

The formula mass of limewater, Ca(OH)2 74.10 amu.

In Chemistry, mole (mol) is simply defined as the quantity of a substance

1 mole 12 C = 12.00g 12 C = 6.02 x 1023 12 C atoms

Operationally, the number of moles is determined using the formula.

Let us calculate the number of moles of oxygen (O 2) in 24.0 g of O2. From

By recognizing the relationship between the molecular mass, moles, and

For simple mole to mass conversion, here is the general pattern:

Case 1: No. of moles is given; mass is unknown

Case 2: Mass is given; no. of moles is unknown

Problem: What is the number of moles of 36 g of water (H 2O)?

Step 1. Identify the given and unknown.

Step 2. Determine the molar mass of a compound

The unit for the number of mole is expressed as mole or mol.

Mole-Number of Particles Relationship

Here is the formula that is used in determining the number of particles of a

N = Avogadro’s number which has a constant value of 6.02 x 10 23

Let us try to analyze the sample problem.

Step 2: Substitute the given in the equation.

= 18.06 x 1023 CO2 molecules

Compute the molecular mass of the given compounds. Write your

2. Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4)

3. Lead (II) Nitrate Pb(NO3)2

4. Ammonium Sulfate (NH4)2SO4

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