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 Draw a line 4 cm
2(6).1). Put long in west-east direction (Fig Vectors u, U, w, x, and y all
an arrowhead pointing east. This vector meeting at a point P are co- W
represents a velocity of 40 ms-l due east. initial vectors [Fig. 2(b).4].
2(b).3. SOME TERMS CONNECTED WITH (u) Collinear vectors.
Vectors having a common line of
VECTORS action are called collinear
(i)Null vector. It is a
vector having zero vectors. There are two types of
magnitude and an arbitrary direction. collinear vectors
Properties of a null vector (a) Parallel vectors (0= 09
Fig. 2(b).4.Co-initial
Following properties can be assigned to a null Two vectors (which may have vectors.
vector.
different magnitudes) acting
(a) It has zero
magnitude. along same direction are called
b) It has arbitrary direction. parallel vectors. Vectors and
v), shown in Fig. 2(615
u

(c) It is represented by a are parallel vectors. Angle between them is 0".

point.
(d) When null vector is added or subtracted from
a (6) Anti-parallel vectors (0 = 1809
a
given vector, the resultant vector is same as Two vectors which are directed in opposite directions
the given vector.
are called anti-parallel vectors.
(e) Dot product of a null vector with any vector is
Vectors (u and v), shown in Fig. 206).6
always zero. are anti.
parallel. Angle between them is 180°.
Cross product of a null vector with any other
vector is also a null vector.

(ii)Equal vectors. Two vectors are said to be equal

if they possess the same magnitude and direction.
They can be represented
Fig. 2(b).5. Parallel vectors. Fig. 2(b).6.
by two parallel straight
u
Anti-parallel vectors.
lines of equal length and (vi) Co-planar vectors. Vectors situated in one
pointing in same direction. plane, irrespective of their directions, are known as co
In Fig. 2(6).2, two equal | Fig. 2(5).2. Equal vectors. planar vectors.
vectors u and v are shown.
Vector P, Q and RY
Here u = drawn in x-y plane (Fig.
The quality remains undisturbed if any one of them 26).7) are co-planar
R
or both are displaced to new vectors. If we draw a
position parallel to the
original direction. system of co-ordinates in
that plane, these vectors
(iii) Negative vector. A vector is said to bea will have two mutually o
negative vector of another one, if it is represented by a
line having same length as that of the second and is
perpendicular components Flg. 2(b).7.Co-planarvectors.
along its axis.
directed in opposite direction.
(vii) Localised vectors. Vector whose initial
Fig. 2(6).3(ii) shows a polne
u (tail) is fixed is said to be a
vector (= - u) which is localised or a fired vector:
Position vector of every point starts from
negative vector of that - u orig.
Therefore, it can be considered localised or
shown in Fig. 2(6).3(i). - ()
vector.
as a
NE
A negative vector can
Fig. 2(b).3. Negative vectors. (viii) Non-localised vector. Vector whose
be obtained, simply, by initia
point (tail) is not fixed is said to be a non-localised
putting a negative sign before a vector.
vector free vector.
ora
(iv) Co-initial vector. A number of vectors having Vectors representing
force, momentum, impuiSe
a common initial point are called co-initial vectors. etc. are non-localised vectors.