Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION XII
DIVISION OF SULTAN KUDARAT
BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat, 9805

SYNERGYSTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF AVOCADO OIL, OLIVE

OIL AND ALOEVERA GEL AS AN ORGANIC MOISTURIZER
USING CORNEOMETRY, TEWL, VISUAL/TACTILE
ASSESSMENT AND SKIN PATCH TEST.

A Research Paper Presented to the

Senior High School Department of Bambad National High School,
Bambad, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

in Practical Research and 3I for the S.Y. 2024-2025

Proponents
Diosana, Ryan N.
Margallo, Nicolette Cookeii A.
Cachuela, Cyan Aira H.
Launio, Angel G.
Peroy, Christian B.
Segura, Rowel P.

December 2024
 Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction
Moisturizers are essential for maintaining skin health,

especially in dry or harsh climates, and can help improve skin

texture, elasticity, and overall appearance. Moisturizers also serve

as vehicles to carry nutrients to the skin. They give practical skin

benefits like making the skin smooth and silky, enhancing skin

moisture, and improving skin optical qualities. Vitamins, natural

anti-oxidants, peptides, skin-lightening agents, natural anti-

inflammatories, and exfoliants are a few examples of these

substances. (Mawazi et al., 2022). Organic moisturizers involve a

multifaceted exploration into the skincare industry’s shift towards

natural and sustainable products. Organic personal care products

market has a higher potential to grow in the Asian market when

compared to the non-organic personal care sector (Wiwatanapusit,

2017). It emerges against the backdrop of increasing awareness

about the potential harmful effects of synthetic chemicals in

traditional skincare formulations. Organic moisturizers, derived from

natural ingredients and often free from harsh additives, have gained

popularity for their perceived skin-friendly attributes, the scientific

evaluation of their effectiveness requires meticulous investigation.

Researchers delve into factors such as moisturizing properties, skin

compatibility, and consumer satisfaction to gauge the true benefits

of organic moisturizers. It aims to provide evidence-based insights

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that empower consumers to make informed choices about their

skincare routines while promoting the development of safer and

eco-friendly beauty products.

(Susano et al., 2022). The increasing awareness of the

harmful effects caused by synthetic ingredients found in skincare

products has led an extensive search for natural bioactive. On the

other hand, compared to synthetic skincare and cosmetic

ingredients, herbal products are mild and biodegradable, exhibiting

low toxicity. Natural plant molecules remain particularly interesting

for new studies and a number of researches carrying in different

parts of the world on medicinal plants to developed newer herbal

skincare and cosmetic products having lesser side effects.

In today’s generation the use of Organic Moisturizers is

exponentially increasing due to the public awareness of the value of

self-care and wellbeing due to the pandemic. According to (Bize,

2021). Many endogenous or exogenous factors, isolated or

combined, can trigger dry skin disorder, leading to a water/lipids‐

depleted stratum corneum concomitant with uncomfortable rough

and scaly skin surface. In this it is very important to investigate the

biological mechanism, the two phenomenon which causes dryness

and inflammation of the skin. The body reacts stimulates the

production of cytokines this can also induce an inflammatory

response that further weakens the barrier.

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 Despite the widespread use and popularity of organic

moisturizers, there is a lack of comprehensive research assessing

their long-term effectiveness in comparison to synthetic

moisturizers. This research gap highlights the need to investigate

the specific benefits and drawbacks of organic moisturizers,

including their impact on different skin types and conditions, to

provide evidence-based recommendations for skincare routines.

Organic moisturizers are made of natural ingredients such as

coconut oil, olive oil, aloe vera, and other products that have no

chemicals. It is an integral part of the personal hygiene and self-care

routine of all individuals of all ages. Among the various skincare

products available, moisturizers play a crucial role in maintaining

healthy skin preventing dryness, promoting hydration, and

enhancing the skin’s natural barrier function.(Slomski, 2022).

The primary purpose of assessing the effectiveness of organic

moisturizers lies in understanding their ability to provide hydration

and nourishment to the skin using natural ingredients. Organic

moisturizers are formulated without synthetic chemicals, which

appeals to individuals seeking skincare products that are gentle,

sustainable, and potentially less irritating to sensitive skin types.

The Importance study is to aids consumers in making informed

decisions about skincare products, aligning with their preferences

for organic, eco-friendly options. Also, it contributes to the growing

demand for sustainable beauty practices, encouraging innovation

and research in natural skincare solutions. And, understanding the

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efficacy of organic moisturizers can benefit dermatologists and

skincare professionals in recommending suitable products for

different skin concerns, promoting overall skin health and well-

being.

Statement of Problem
Generally, this study, the focus lies in assessing he
effectiveness of Avocado oil, Olive oil and Aloevera as the main
ingredients on making organic moisturizer .This study will be
conducted in January-April 2025 at Bambad National High School
during the school year 2024-2025.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions.
1. Does it improve skin hydration over a set time?
2. How quickly does it absorb without leaving a greasy
residue?
3. Does it cause irritation or an allergic reaction?
4. Does it contribute to lasting skin hydration or barrier
improvement?

Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant difference in the moisturizing
effectiveness of Avocado oil, Olive oil, and Aloe Vera Gel as organic
moisturizer, as measured by Corneometry, Transpidermal Water
Loss, Visual/Tactile Assessment, and Skin Patch Test.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to determine the synergistic effectiveness of
Avocado oil, Olive oil, and Aloevera as organic moisturizer using pH
testing. Thus, the findings of this study will be beneficial to the

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Community, Consumer, Respondents, Researchers, and to the
Future Researchers.

To the Community. This study helped the community by

promoting health and well-being because this study addressed the
importance of hydrating the skin using an organic moisturizer, which
is significant aspect of overall well-being for individuals in the
community.

To the Consumer. This study helped in raising awareness among the

consumers about the effectiveness of using an organic moisturizer,
potentially leading to a healthier lifestyle choice.

To the Respondents. This study helped the respondents gain

insights about the effectiveness of organic moisturizer that led to a
potential improvement in their skin health, and through
participation, the respondents became more informed in choosing
skincare products.

To the Researchers. This study helped the researcher expand and

explore their understanding about the effectiveness of using organic
moisturizer in moisturizing the skin.

To the future researchers. This study helped the future researchers

because they can use this study as their baseline information to
guide them, and help them compare and explore the gaps between
studies.

Scope and Delimitations

This study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of an
organic moisturizer formulated with avocado oil, olive oil, and aloe

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vera as primary ingredients. The research will be conducted within a
specified timeframe, from January to April 2025, at Bambad National
High School. It aims to evaluate various properties and effects of
this organic moisturizer, including its materials, viscosity, and scent.
Additionally, the study will examine the product's impact on specific
skin concerns: acne, dryness, and oiliness. The moisturizer’s
effectiveness will be measured primarily through pH testing to
explore any synergistic effects of the ingredients when combined.
The study will be limited to respondents within Bambad
National High School, specifically focusing on students and
individuals in the community during the study period. The
moisturizer formulation is restricted to avocado oil, olive oil, and
aloe vera, excluding other possible natural or synthetic ingredients
that may be used in commercial organic moisturizers. The study will
take place over a month period, limiting observations to short-term
effects rather than long.
.

Definition of Terms
For clarity and a better understanding of the concepts, the
following terminology used in the study are defined both
conceptually and operationally.

Avocado Oil. Conceptually, one of the primary natural ingredients

used in the organic moisturizer evaluated in this study. Known for its
richness in vitamins and fatty acids, avocado oil provides deep
nourishment and hydration, making it beneficial for both dry and
aging skin.

Olive Oil. Conceptually, serves as another key ingredient in the

organic moisturizer. It is valued for its high antioxidant content,
which helps to moisturize and protect the skin against damage. The
study investigates how olive oil contributes to skin smoothness and
resilience.

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Aloe Vera. Conceptually, it is a soothing, hydrating plant extract
incorporated in the organic moisturizer being studied. Its anti-
inflammatory and healing properties make it suitable for sensitive or
acne-prone skin, helping to calm irritation while providing hydration.

Viscosity. Conceptually, refers to the thickness and consistency of

the moisturizer in this study, impacting how easily it spreads over
the skin. The study evaluates viscosity to determine if the
combination of avocado oil, olive oil, and aloe vera results in an
ideal texture that enhances the application experience.

Skin Barrier Function. Conceptually, it refers to the outermost layer

of the skin, which protects against environmental pollutants and
retains moisture. This study focuses on how the organic moisturizer
supports the skin barrier, enhancing hydration and resilience.

Dry Skin. Conceptually, it refers to skin that lacks adequate

moisture, resulting in a rough or flaky texture. This research
assesses the effectiveness of the organic moisturizer in combating
dryness and restoring moisture to dry skin types.

Oiliness. Conceptually refers to skin that overproduces sebum, often

leading to shine and potentially to acne. The study examines if the
organic moisturizer can balance hydration without increasing
oiliness.

Synergistic Effectiveness. Conceptually, it refers to the combined

power of avocado oil, olive oil, and aloe vera in the organic
moisturizer, potentially leading to greater benefits than if each
ingredient were used alone.

Eco-Friendly. Concepually, relates to the use of organic and

sustainably sourced ingredients that are gentle on the environment.
The focus on eco-friendly products aligns with the increasing

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 demand for sustainable skincare solutions and is part of the study’s
goal to evaluate consumer satisfaction with natural skincare.

Framewok of the study

This part includes the theoretical framework which presents
the theory and concepts as the basis or foundation of the study and
the conceptual framework which shows the relationship among
variables used in the studies.

Theoritical Framework
This theoretical foundationof this study is Synergistic Effect
Theory, which has been extensively used in industries like skincare,
cosmetics, and medicine. As stated by (Wang and Weller, 2006).
According to the notion, combining many bioactive substances can
increase their biological activity and possibly improve their efficacy
compared to using them alone. This strategy is especially pertinent
to skincare, as mixing natural products can maximize their
advantages and reduce the possibility of discomfort from excessive
concentrations of individual chemicals.

The Synergistic Effect Theory serves as the basis for the

hypothesis in this study that the combination of avocado oil, olive
oil, and aloe vera may produce more effective moisturizing benefits
than either ingredient alone, providing a comprehensive and potent
skincare treatment. Moisturizing Efficiency,
Avocado oil, Olive oil, Absorption rate,Skin
Conceptual
and Aloevera Gel.Framework Sensitivity, and Long-
Term Effectiveness.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

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Figure 1. Schematic diagram showing the relationship of the
variables.

The schematic diagram in Figure 1 presents the independent

and dependent variables used in this study. Avocado oil, Olive oil
and Aloevera Gel is identified as the independent variable because
it is the factor that the researchers are manipulating to observe its
impact on the effectiveness of skin treatment. On the other hand,
the Moisturizing Efficiency, Absorption rate, Skin Sensitivity, And
Long-term Effectiveness is the dependent variable because it is the
outcome that depends on the independent variable (the organic
moisturizer used). In this study, the effectiveness is measured
through specific indicators, including Moisturizing Efficiency,
Absorption rate, Skin Sensitivity and Long-Term Effectiveness.

Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter contains a review of related literature and related

studies after the in-depth search done by the researchers which has
bearing on the study. This also presents the conceptual literature
and studies that are significantly relevant to the study. The review
of literature is thematically organized based on the variables used in
the study.

Avocado oil

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a fruit native to Central

America, grown in warm temperate and subtropical climates
throughout the world. The pulp of this fruit contains about 60% oil,

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7% skin, and approximately 2% seed. Cosmetic application of
avocado oil involves its use in shampoos for babies and for
damaged hairs, skin and body care, nourishing creams for damaged,
dry and sensitive skins, suitable for baby skin, effective in sun
products because of its protective action and it could also be found
useful in massage oils and products for around the eyes. Because of
its richness in vitamin A, E and D in un-saponifiable compound, the
it contains lecithin an essential ingredient for the skin,hence
avocado oil has hydrating and regenerating properties and therefore
useful as an anti-ageing and anti-wrinkle products, repairs dry skin
and renders elasticity to the skin (Ordu, 2018).

Organic moisturizer
In ancient times, Greeks utilizes olive oil to protect their skin
from the sun. Over the years, South Americans have historically
turned to extracts from rice jasmine and lupine plants as part of
their skincare regimen for sun protection. Sunscreen, often referred
to as sunblock, is a gel-like moisturizer designed to absorb, reflect,
or scatter UV radiation, thus preventing sunburn. The first known
sunscreen moisturizer was developed by Eugene Sculler in France in
1935, It was later introduced to the commercial market by Franz
Greiter in 1946. Since then, sunscreens have become a crucial
skincare product globally. In 1990, the United States spent $525
million on sun protection products, with annual increases to combat
the damaging effects of UV radiation on the skin (Obanla et al.,
2019).

The demand of organic and natural products is increasing

nowadays. Coconut oil, which is known for its advantageous fatty
acids, has primarily served as a key ingredient in oil-based and
moisturizing products. There is growing interest in exploring the
enzymatic synthesis of liquid wax esters derived from coconut oil
and unsaturated fatty alcohols as a potential alternative natural

11
ingredient in wide range of industry (Ungcharoenwiwat & H-Kittikun,
2020).

Nothing beats the power of natural substances when it comes to

skincare. The kitchen has always played a vital part in skin care,
from our grandmothers to our moms. Beetroot is a magical cooking
ingredient with incredible health advantages. Beetroot has Vitamin
C, which is a great element that makes your skin brighter and more
even in tone. Beetroot on lips helps to lighten and brighten your lips
by removing dark spots. Beetroot's pink tint also provides a tinge of
pink to your lips. Beetroot is really beneficial to your lips. Beetroot
treats dry and chapped lips and is the greatest natural lip
moisturizer. Beetroot makes your lips juicy and full. Beetroot juice
gives your lips an instant glow and makes them appear more
moisturized, nourished, and juicier (Putri et al., 2022).

Moisturizer
Ultraviolet has harmful effect on our skin which further led to
development of inorganic and synthetic organic UV filters that can
reduce the harmful effect of exposure to sunlight. Moisturizers are
extensively used as a self-care product to improve the ability of the
skin. Whilst UV filters and moisturizers have a good quality, they
may prevent the effects of contact sensitivity, oestrogenicity and
even tumorigenic effects on human skin. The accumulation of these
chemical could be harmful, there is a safer alternative way
especially photosynthetic organisms like cyanobacteria which have
developed mechanisms for coping with high UV irradiation and
desiccation. These microorganisms produce UV screening
compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids and scytonemin,
which are good candidates as alternatives to current synthetic UV
filters (Derikvand, 2017).

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moisturizers design to maintain water content of the skin between
10% and 30%. The water is essential to our skin to maintain
hydration, improve the barrier, and prevent dryness. Skin that are
lack of water and rough to touch, water is necessary to allow skin
distensibility. Skin hydration is important to maintain intact skin
barrier, tactilely perceived as smooth, soft skin (Draelos, 2018).

Conventional moisturizers establish a surface-level occlusive barrier

on the skin, whereas natural lipids like ceramides penetrate the
stratum corneum (SC). These lipids are synthesized within the
keratinocytes, undergo processing in lamellar bodies, and are
subsequently secreted back into the stratum corneum to become a
part of the skin's dermal matrix (Spada et al., 2018).

Moisturizers have several benefits aside from skin hydration. These

encompass anti-inflammatory properties, where specific
components within moisturizers, such as glycyrrhetinic acid,
palmitoyl-ethanolamine, telmesteine, Vitis vinifera, ceramide-
dominant barrier repair lipids, and filaggrin breakdown products,
display significant anti-inflammatory effects. These mechanisms
include the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity, regulation of
cytokines, and reduction in proinflammatory prostanoid production,
resulting in soothing relief for inflamed skin conditions like
dermatitis. Moisturizers also offer antipruritic benefits, especially
water-based variants that create a cooling effect through skin
surface water evaporation. Additionally, certain moisturizers may
contain menthol, which imparts a cooling sensation that effectively
relieves itching and related symptoms. In terms of antimitotic
effects, some moisturizers containing mineral oils possess mild
epidermal antimitotic properties, making them useful for individuals
with skin conditions characterized by increased epidermal mitotic
activity, such as psoriasis. By moderating cell proliferation in the
outer skin layer, these moisturizers can help manage and alleviate

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symptoms associated with such conditions. Furthermore,
moisturizers containing hyaluronic acid, a common ingredient, have
been demonstrated to accelerate wound healing. This property
holds significant promise in skincare and dermatology, as it
enhances the body's natural ability to repair damaged skin,
resulting in faster and more effective wound healing (Purnamawati
et al., 2017).

Dry Skin
Dry skin is a common and complex issue that is often
associated with irritation, itching, discomfort, and even visible skin
problems. It greatly affects the adults broadly and requires specific
care. Recognizing established risk factors can aid in pinpointing
individuals who may be at risk of worsening symptoms (Agustine,
2018).

Dry skin is the most prevalent clinical dermatologist issue, which

leads to discomfort and is often associated with itching, redness,
and flaking. These physical discomforts can also have psychological
implications. The skin, being the body's largest organ, serves as a
vital protective boundary between us and the outside world. The
primary role in this barrier function is attributed to the epidermis,
particularly the stratum corneum (SC). Dry skin, characterized by
itching, redness, and scaliness, is often linked to disruptions in
enzymatic processes, partly due to reduced water content in the SC.
The hydration of the stratum corneum largely depends on the
composition and quantity of intercellular lipids, which control water
loss, and the presence of hygroscopic substances known as natural
moisturizing factors, responsible for retaining water in the stratum
corneum. The skin's primary functions include preventing water loss
and shielding the body from harmful substances and
microorganisms. Skin barrier impairments are common in various
skin conditions, but the effects of aging on skin barrier function

14
remain a topic of debate, with conflicting results have been reported
(Jurakic, 2018).

Consumers preferences in buying an organic product

Women in their 20s and 40s with income above 500 dollars, and
educated are more likely to buy organic skincare products.
However, most people still purchase conventional skincare products
mainly because they are a lot cheaper compared to organic
products. Consumers also lack information about the differences
between organic and conventional skincare products. Many believes
that the two categories are equally effective and beneficial to
health. Additionally, people don't always take care of their health,
and they rarely read the ingredients list on skincare products.
consumers’ tendency to buy more certified organic skin care with
eco-friendly packaging increases along with an increase in income
and not according to their educational attainment. Consumers
needs to be better educated about the benefits of organic skincare
products and the importance of health and the environment when
making decisions about skincare products (Drăgan & Petrescu,
2013).

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes all the procedures of the study and the
details of the progressive development of the research to be
conducted. It comprises the research design, the locale of the study,
participants and respondents of the study, data gathering
procedures, analysis of data, and research ethics.

RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design adopted for this study was a Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) since the skin reacts differently to

15
similar moisturizing treatments. The overall goal of this experiment
was aimed at determining how well avocado oil, olive oil, and aloe
vera gel work together as a natural moisturizer. This was done using
alternative methods for testing results: corneometry, TEWL
(transepidermal water loss), visual/tactile assessment, and skin
patch tests. As skin reactions may be involved, it is somewhat
complex and upon individual, so RCBD was adopted to make sure
that any change in the skin could be attributed to the treatments
and anything else might be happening outside of the experiments.

RESEARCH LOCALE
This study was conducted in Isulan, Sultan Kudarat,
specifically at Bambad National High School. Situated 200 meters
from the national highway and 5.2 kilometers from downtown
Isulan, this location was chosen for its convenience and
accessibility. Bambad National High School, also fondly referred to
as the “Paradise of Learning,” and it is renowned for the numerous
achievements and active involvement of both its students and
teachers.

The particular site for the research within the school was the
science laboratory. This space was chosen due to its large size and
capacity to accommodate various experiments. Furthermore, the
laboratory was well-equipped with the necessary tools and
apparatus, ensuring an efficient and effective execution of the study

ssss

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PARTICIPANTS/RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The research subjects will involve the Bambad National High
School's teaching staff and students from Bambad, Isulan, Sultan
Kudarat. A purposive sampling will be used whereby individuals will
be selected based on their willingness to participate in the study
while at the same time qualified , especially upon having normal
skin or minor dermatoses but having dryness or irritation. This
would ensure that the subjects have a baseline condition
appropriate enough for assessing the effectiveness of the
moisturizer.

DATA GATHERING METHODS

Data gathering will be both objective and subjective for
assessment in finding out the effectiveness of the organic
moisturizer. Capacitance values before applying corneometry, and
after that, will also be taken, such that higher values show better
hydration. Moisture retention of the moisturizer will be determined
by the measurement of TEWL. The values with lowered TEWL will
indicate enhanced barrier function. A visual and tactile evaluation
will be performed to assess alterations in skin texture, smoothness,
and the presence of any irritation. A skin patch test will be utilized
to identify potential allergic reactions. Ultimately, participants will
fill out a subjective questionnaire to offer their insights regarding
the application ease, texture, and overall satisfaction.

17
DATA ANALYSIS METHODS
Data analysis for this study will use a mixed method that is,
both quantitative and qualitative. In statistical analysis of
corneometry and TEWL measurements, paired t-tests will be used
on pre-and post-values of moisturiser application to identify
statistically significant enhancements concerning skin moisture and
barrier function. Researchers will classify their findings under
visual/tactile assessments with relevant key areas: an improvement
in skin texture, smoothness or appearance of redness.
This qualitative assessment will enable patterns to be
identified as well as an understanding of the physical changes
occurring in the skin. The results of the survey will be analyzed by
descriptive statistics, including frequency counts and percentages,
to provide a summary of the perceptions of the participants
regarding issues such as skin texture, ease of application, and
overall satisfaction. The application of data analysis methodologies
will ensure that there is an all-inclusive evaluation regarding the
effectiveness of the organic moisturizer.

RESEARCH ETHICS
The research will adhere to the standards of ethics set, with
full protection and well-being ensured for all respondents involved.
Each of the participating respondents will be held liable to sign an
informed consent before participation in this research. Participants
will be enlightened about the objectives, methods, and risks
associated with the use of the natural moisturizer. Participants will
be told that participation is undertaken voluntarily and that
withdrawal at any moment without repercussions is permitted.

All participant data is kept confidential by the investigators by

anonymizing their personal information for individual privacy
protection. In addition, in order to ensure the safety of the
participants, a preliminary skin patch test will be conducted to

18
detect allergic responses. When there is a compounded adverse
reaction to the skin in the course of the study, medical assistance
would be provided urgently. The study will be submitted for review
and approval before an ethics review board to ensure that all
procedures in the study meet high ethical standards and respect the
rights of participants appropriately during the course of the
investigation.

References:
Bize, C., Gélébart, E. L., Moga, A., Payré, B., & Garcia, C. (2021).

Barrier disruption, dehydration and inflammation: Investigation of

the vicious circle underlying dry skin. International Journal of

Cosmetic Science, 43(6), 729–737.https://doi.org/10.1111/ice. 12748

Draelos, Z. D. (2018). The science behind skin care: Moisturizers.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(2), 138-144.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12490
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?
JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=1
Mawazi, S. M., Ann, J., Othman, N., Khan, J., Alolayan, S. O., Al
thagfan, S. S., & Kaleemullah, M. (2020). A Review of
Moisturizers; History, Preparation, Characterization and
Applications. Cosmetics, 9(3), 61. Doi:10.
Obanla, O. R., et al. (2019). Comparative and experimental study on
the properties and potency of synthesized organic and
mineral sunscreen moisturizer. International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 10(1), 612–
625.
Ordu, J. I., & Jaja, G. O. (2018). Evaluation of Pulp Oil Persea
Americana (Avocado Fruit) in Pharmaceutical Cream
Formulation. International J of Advances in Scientific Research
and Engineering, 4(5), 14-25.

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Putri, D. A., Chaidir, C., & Hanafi, M. (2022). Moisturizing
effectiveness of organic lip cream formulation with beetroot
extract (Beta vulgaris L) and chia seed oil (Salvia hispanica).
Media Bina Ilmiah, Vol. 17(5).
https://doi.org/10.33578/mbi.v17i5.202
Slomski, A. (2022, November 1). Almost All “Natural” Skin Care
Products Contain Contact Allergens. JAMA, 328(17), 1677.
Doi:10.1001/jama.2022.18440

Spada, F., Barnes, T. M., & Greive, K. A. (2018). Comparative safety

and efficacy of topical mometasone furoate with other topical
corticosteroids. Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 59(3),
e168-e174. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajd.12762
Susano, Pet al. (2022). Saccorhiza polyschides—A Source of Natural
Active Ingredients for Greener Skincare Formulations.
Molecules, 27(19), 6496. Doi:10.3390/molecules27196496

Wiwatanapusit, M. (2017). A study of consumer behavior toward

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