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Organic functional group detection

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7 views

Organic functional group detection

Uploaded by

wasifak452
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

Aim- To identify the functional groups present in the given organic compound.

Physical observations-

Physical State – Liquid


Odour- Vinegar like smell
Solubility- Soluble in water

Test for Unsaturation-


Organic compound + Cold & alkaline KMnO4 solution  No change in colour of solution
 Compound is saturated.
Flame test- Org. compound burns in flame without sooty flame- compound is aliphatic.

Analysis of functional group-

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference


1. Org. compound + Saturated Aq. Effervescence is -COOH group
Solution of NaHCO3 produced. possible
2. 2 ml Org. compound + 2 ml ethanol Fruity smell -COOH group
+ Few drops conc. H2SO4 , heat the observed confirmed
reaction mixture on water bath for
10-15 minutes and Pour the
reaction mixture in a beaker
containing aqueous sodium
carbonate solution to neutralise
excess sulphuric acid
and excess carboxylic acid.

Result- The given organic compound contains Carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group.

Precautions-
Add the compound in sodium hydrogencarbonate solution slowly so that effervescence is
visible clearly.

Reactions Involved-( To be written on left side page of note book)

(i) RCOOH + NaHCO3 --> RCOONa + H2O + CO2


Experiment No.10

Aim- To identify the functional groups present in the given organic compound.

Physical observations-

Physical State – Liquid


Odour- alcoholic smell
Solubility- Soluble in water

Test for Unsaturation-


Organic compound + Cold & alkaline KMnO4 solution  No change in colour of solution
 Compound is saturated.
Flame test- Org. compound burns in flame without sooty flame- compound is aliphatic.

Analysis of functional group-

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference


1. Org. compound + Saturated Aq. No Effervescence is -COOH group
Solution of NaHCO3 produced. absent.
2. 2ml comp. + small piece of sodium A Gas (H2) is -OH group possible
evolved
2. 2 ml Org. compound + 2 ml ethanol Fruity smell -OH group
+ Few drops conc. H2SO4 , heat the observed confirmed
reaction mixture on water bath for
10-15 minutes and Pour the
reaction mixture in a beaker
containing aqueous sodium
carbonate solution to neutralise
excess sulphuric acid
and excess carboxylic acid.

Result- The given organic compound contains Carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group.

Precautions-
Use very small piece of sodium very carefully.

Reactions Involved-( To be written on left side page of note book)

(i) 2R-OH + 2Na 2 R-ONa + H2(g) ↑


(ii)
Experiment No.11

Aim- To identify the functional groups present in the given organic compound.

Physical observations-

Physical State – viscous Liquid


Odour- phenolic smell
Solubility- Soluble in hot water and dil NaOH

Test for Unsaturation-


Organic compound + Cold & alkaline KMnO4 solution  No change in colour of solution
 Compound is saturated.
Flame test- Org. compound burns in flame with sooty flame- compound is aromatic.

Analysis of functional group-

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference


1. Org. compound + Saturated Aq. No Effervescence is -COOH group
Solution of NaHCO3 produced. absent.
2. 2ml comp. + small piece of sodium A Gas (H2) is phenol possible
evolved
2. 2 mL of aqueous or alcoholic observed blue/ phenolic -OH group
solution of the organic comp. + few violet coloured confirmed
drops of neutral ferric chloride solution
solution.

Result- The given organic compound contains phenolic-OH group.


Precautions-
(a) Always use freshly prepared, neutral and very dilute solution of ferric chloride.
(b) Phenol is toxic and corrosive in nature and should be handled with care.

Reactions Involved-( To be written on left side page of note book)

(i) 2Ar-OH + 2Na 2 Ar-ONa + H2(g) ↑

(ii) 6C6H5OH + FeCl3 [Fe(C6H5O)6]3– + 3HCl + 3H+


Violet complex
Experiment No.12

Aim- To identify the functional groups present in the given organic compound.

Physical observations-

Physical State – Liquid


Odour- alcoholic smell
Solubility- Soluble in water

Test for Unsaturation-


Organic compound + Cold & alkaline KMnO4 solution  No change in colour of solution
 Compound is saturated.
Flame test- Org. compound burns in flame without sooty flame- compound is aliphatic.

Analysis of functional group-

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference


1. Org. compound + Saturated Aq. Solution No reaction -COOH group
of NaHCO3 absent
2. Organic compound + Small piece of Na No reaction -OH group absent
metal
3. 1ml org. compound + few drops of 2,4- Yellow ppt. is Carbonyl ( >C=O )
DNP formed group present ,
aldehyde or ketone
possible
4. Fehling’s test- 1 mL of Fehling’s solution brick red -CHO ( aldehyde)
A and 1 mL of Fehling’s solution B in a precipitate is group is present &
clean dry test tube + 2-3 drops of the formed confirmed
liquid compound + Heat the content of
the test tube for about 2 minutes in a
water bath.
5. Tollen’s test- 1 mL of freshly prepared a layer of silver -CHO ( aldehyde)
(~ 2 %) AgNO3 solutionin a T.T. + Add 1- metal on the group confirmed
2 drops of sodium hydroxide solution inner
to it and shake, a dark brown ppt. of surface of the
silver oxide appears. Dissolve the test tube is
precipitate by adding NH4OH solution formed which
drop-wise + add an aqueous or an shines like a
alcoholic solution of the organic mirror
compound & Heat the reaction mixture
in a water bath for about
5 minutes.
Result- The given organic compound contains aldehyde (-CHO) functional group.
Precautions-
(a) Always use freshly prepared reagents to perform the tests.
(b) Do not heat the reaction mixture directly on a flame.
(c) After performing the test, destroy the silver mirror by adding dilute nitric acid and drain
off the solution with excess of water.

Reactions Involved-( To be written on left side page of note book)

Following tests are performed for the identification of aldehydic and ketonic groups:

(i) On reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNP), they form the respective


2,4–dinitrophenyl hydrazones.

(ii) Fehling Test-

Brick red ppt.

(iii) Tollen’s Test-

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