EXPERIMENT - 3 AIM-—To prepare solution of M/20 oxalic acid and with its help determine the molarity and strength of given KMnO, solution. MATERIALS REQUIRED — Conical Flask (250 ml), Volumetric Flask(S0 ml), Measuring Cylinder (50 ml), Burette (10 ml), Burette Stand, Pipette (10 ml), KMnO4, H)SO,(dil.),Oxalic Acid. INDICATOR: KMn03is a self-indicator. ‘olourless to light Pink. THEORY — Molecular formula of oxalic acid is H)C,0;.2H,0. It is a primary standard solution and is prepared by direct weighing. KMn0j is strong and versatile Oxidizing agent. When itis titrated against standard oxalic acid solution (reducing agent) in sufficiently acidic medium at above 60°C, KMnO; oxidizes acid into CO» and itself gets reduced to colourless Mn** ions. 2KMnO,+ 3 HS, > K2SO, + 2 MnSO, + 3H,0 + 5[0] H,C,0; + [0] > 2CO,+H,0 «5 2. KMnO,+ 3 H)SO, +5 COOH.2H,0 > K,S0, +2 MnSO, + 8H:0 + 10CO) PROCEDURE: A. Preparation of M/20 standard solution of OxalicAcid. Molar Mass of Oxalic Acid Solution = 126gm/mol Weight of solute (Oxalic Acid in gm) = Molatity of Oxalic Acid x Molar Mass of Oxalic Acid x Volume of Solution (in litres) w= 1/20 x 126 x100/1000 w= 0.632 B. Titration of Oxalic Acid against KMnO, Solution: 1, Take 10 ml of 1/20 M Oxalic Acid Solution in a conical flask and add 10 mil of dilute HsSO, to it, 2. Titrate the above solution with KMnO, solution till the colour of the solution changes to permanent pink. Repeat the titration, until three concordant readings are obtained. 4, Record the readings. OBSERVATIONS: S.No. | Volume of Mohr’s Salt used | Initial Burette | Final Burette | Volume of nm) Reading Reading KMnOyused 1. [10m 0.0ml 79 79 2 | 10mi 0.0ml 74 74 3. [10mi 0.0ml ZI iz Concordant Reading: 7.4m CALCULATIONS: A. Molarity of KMnO,. mM, = MLV: [m= 1, m: = 2/5] (KMn0,) — (Oxalic Acid) 1xMX 7.4 = 2/5%1/20%10 M1=0.027MB. Strength of KMnO,: Strength of KMnO, = Molarity of KMnQ, < Molar Mass of KMnO, = 0.027 x 158 = 4.266g/l RESULT: The molarity and strength of Potassium Permanganate (KMn0O,) is 0.027M and 4.266g/1 . PRECAUTIONS: 1. Weighing should be done accurately. 2. While titrating, the funnel should not be placed at the top of the burette.EXPERIMENT - 4 :To identify the functional group in the given organic compound. aratus Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus (blue), NaHCO;, conc. H. SO, H, FeCl, ea aySolid White Vinegar Like bility: Burn with non sooty flame (Aliphatic) ary test : Experiment Se = Observation Inference A ie Litmus solution turns from | -COOH or - OH may be Fosanie compound * 2 drops of litmus solution. | blue to red. resent ganic c Bs z ganic compound + NaHCO, solution Colourless, odorless gas__| -COOH group may be or — ae with brisk effervescence. _| OH (phenol group present. [ Se: Experiment Observation _ | Inference Ester test Fruity smell of O Organic compound + ester i ep - C — OH confirmed. 2 FeCl Test : Organie Red colour 2) compound + dil FeCl; | appear H solution . = C —30F, confirmed Chemical Reaction : | NaHCO, Test : RCOOH + NaHCO; —>RCOONatCO; 1 +H,0 Easter Test : RCOOH + R-OH —“"=-» RCOOR + H,O 1,80, (Fruity smell ester) FeCl; Test : RCOOH + NH,OH —+ RCOONa RCOONa + H30 ——> Ammoniac salt (Soluble) RCOONH, + FeCl, ——> (RCOO); Fe + 3NH,CI (RCOO;)Fe + HO —> Fe(OH) (R COO), + RCOOH Basic ferric acetate. Result : The functional group present in the given organic compound is carboxylic acid oO i} - C - OH EXPERIMENT - 5 Aim : To identify the functional group in the given organic compound. Apparatus Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper litmus (blue) solution, dil HCI, NaOH, Na metal, dil H;SO,, CH;COOH. Physical Properties: State: Liquid Colourless Spirit Like Soluble in Water ‘ Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) Observation Inference d+ blue litmus solution, ‘No change’ COOH or OH(Phenol) (CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS) Page No 21‘oup absent Organic compound + dil HCI + NaOH No ppt. or oily Tayer = NH; gep. Absent Organic comp + Na metal [OH (alcohol) Group may Hy gas evolved be irmatory test : ~ [EB eriment Observation Inference Cerric ammonium nitrate | Red colour - OF group. Test: confirmed Organic compound + cerric ammonium nitrate Ester Test Fruity smell of | - OH gmp. Organic compound + ester. confirmed CH,COOH + Cone. HsSO, (1-2 drops) + Heat reaction : Na Metal test : - 2ROH + 2Na-OH—>2RONa +H, CERRIC AMMONIUM NITRATE TEST : 2ROH + (NH ,),Ce(NO,), (ROH), Ce(NO,), + 2NH,NO, (Red Colour) Easter Test : ROH + R'COOH —**~> R'COOR + H,0 Alcohol acid ester : The functional group present in organic compound is alcohol group (-OH). EXPERIMENT - 6 + To identify the functional group in the given organic compound. Required ; Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper litmus (blue) NaHCOs, FeCl, Solution, lic anhydride, Con. HS0., NaOH. Properties: Solid ; White : Phenolic Smell ‘Solubility: Water insoluble ity: 4 Burn with non-sooty flame (Aromatic) ag E Inference ‘Organic compound + blue COOH oF litmus solution. phenolic ~ (OH) may be 7 | NaHCO) test : No effervescence | - COOH absent 4 Organic a Phenolic group NaHCO, solution. may be test Phenolic ( OR) | Observation | Inference Green blue or [intense green | Phenol (OH) grp._| group. confirmed:= g pore compound + blue or red Confirmed Saeed 2-3) drope meal colar ioe H:SO, + A then cool and ; dil. NaOH jcal Reaction : “Confirmative test = “FeCl test “4¢,HOH + FeCl, pa OC ); +3HCI (Fenic peroxide | ° 0 on 9 ie Conc. oer 4,50, Co} ° J ° ONa ONa C) (Red Colour) (Violet) . P Result ; The given organic comp. contains phenolic (-OH) grp. Aim : i EXPERIMENT - } ‘o identify the functional group in present in the given organic compound. Apparatus Required = Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus solution, 2,4 DNP, dil HCI, NaOH, reagent, Fehling solution, Schiff reagent. Physical Properties: Suate: Liquid Colour: Colourless Odour: Pungent Water Solubility: Soluble in Water Flammability Bum with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) Preliminary test : = Sno. | Experiment ‘Observation Inference 1 ‘Organic compound + blue | No change -COOH or litmus solution phenolic group absent 2 | Organic compound + No ppt or oily = NH gup. NaOH+ dil HCI layer Absent 3) [Organic comp +2 ml of2, | Orange—redppt. | - CHO or ketonic 4 DNP shake & allow it to ~ group present. See stand onfirmatory test : Sno. iprisseat Observation Inference = | “| Schiff's solution test : Pink colour =CHO group present | Organic compound + 2 mi of Schifl’s reagent. Obtained _ 2 | Fehling’s solution test : Organic compound + | Red ppt. ~ CHO gep present Fehling’s solution (A + B) + boil in a water bath “al Chemical reaction : (CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS) Page No 23Preliminary test : 2,4 DNP test : faa NH-N=CH-R. NO. R-CHO+ > AS Ue + HO 1 F No, Ee (2,4 DNP) ho, aldehyde —2, 4 dil ni coctimctary Keats it? Phenyl hydrazone) (Orange —red ppt) (i) Fehling’s test : - — Cu(OH), “2 CuO +. HO al R-CHO + 2C10—+Cu,0+ R— COOH 4 Red pp R—-CHO+ 2Cu* +5OH° — > RCOO” + Cu,0+3H,0 z 2 eB | EXPERIMENT - 8 0 identify the functional group in present in the given organic compound. us Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus solution, 2,4 DNP, dil HCl, NaOH, pruside, meta dinitro benzene Liquid Colourless Odour: Nail paint remover like Water Solubility: Water soluble lity: Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) ry test : S.no. Experiment Observation Inference 1 Organic compound + blue litmus | No change -COOH or solution, phenolic group absent 2 ‘Organic compound + NaOH# dil | No ppt or oily - NH; gup HCI layer Absent 3 Organic comp +2 mil of 2,4DNP | Orange —red ppt. | - CHO or ketonic shake & allow it to stand. ~ group present natory test = Experiment Observation Inference ‘Organic compound + sodium nitro prusside +2 | Red colour or wine | -CHO group present =3 drops of NaOH and shake. red colour =| ‘Organic compound + Meta dinitrobenzene + Violet colour which | Ketonic grp confirmed. NaOH fades on standing. reaction : Preliminary test : R (i) 2,4 DNP test ee RE NECC R & i R \ No, No, cC-o+ ——> H,0+ v R NofKetone 2, 4 dinitropheny hyyeyzone) (CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS) Page No 24= | \p- Confirmatory test : I (i) Sodium Nitroprousside Test : O Il CH,— C -CH,+OH —4CcH,COCH® +H,0 eg oO O I ll [Fe(CN), NOP +cH, © — CH,->|Fe(CN),NOCH,- C - CH, Result : Given organic compound contains Ketonic group (>C = 0)