UTS Week 2-4

 Driven by the desire.

PHILOSOHICAL PERSPECTIVE
 To satisfy oneself.
 Satisfaction involves both
 From Greek word “Philos” and the physical need and
“Sophia” which means “Love for pleasures and desires.
Wisdom”.
St. Augustine
 Study of acquiring knowledge through
rational thinking and inquiries.  Follows the idea that God
 Involves in answering questions encompasses us all.
regarding the nature and existence of  everything will be better if we are
man and the world we live in. with God.
 “To understand who we are as a
Socrates person is related to our understanding
 One of the founders of Philosophy. of who we are and how we question
 Can be considered as first “Marty of ourselves.”
Education”  He believes that, our notion of
 Charged of corruption of the mind of ourselves and our idea of existence
minors. comes from a higher form of sense in
 Was made to choose between exile which bodily senses may not perceive
and death via the intake of hemlock. or understand.
 The importance of notion of
Descartes
“knowing oneself”.
 “Men’s goal in life is to obtain  Rene Descartes; French
happiness and such goal motivates us philosopher, mathematician, and
to act towards or against the things scientist.
that can bring negativities in our  “Father of modern Rene
lives.” Descartes; Western philosophy”.
 Cartesian Dualism – he believed that
Plato the “Mind” and “Body” are two
 “Father of the Academy” separate entities.
 Plato followed his teacher  Cogito Ergo Sum = I think
(Socrates) and the idea of knowing therefore I am.
thyself.
John Locke
 Conceptualized the “Tripartite
Theory of The Soul”.  Tabula Rasa – blank slate or an
 Plato splits the human soul into 3 empty vessel.
parts:  He believed that experiences and
o Rational soul (Reason) perceptions is important in the
 The driver of our lives. establishment of who that person can
 Thinks & plan the future. become.
 Decides what to do.
 Referee-like Sigmond Freud
o Spirited soul (Honor)  “The Father of Psychoanalysis”
 Courageous part of a  Known for his work on Human nature
person. and the unconscious.
 One who wants to do  Believed that, man has different
something right and constructs of personality that interacts
correct the wrong doings with each other and along with his
of others. concept of the different levels of
o Appetitive soul (Desire)
UTS Week 2-4
conscious provides an idea of how a  American sociologist, he is considered
person develops the sense of self. as the father of American
Pragmatism.
 One of the pioneers in the field of
 The Provinces of the Mind: social psychology.
 Rejected the idea of biological
o The ID determination of the self.
 “The child aspect of a  For him, an individual has already
person”. established one’s self from the
 Attention is on moment he is born.
satisfaction. o The “I” and the “Me”
 Driven by pleasure.  Mead proposes that there
 Appetitive soul-like are two components of
o The Superego the self, The “I” and
 Conscience of one’s “Me”.
personality.  I - established attitude
 Spirited soul-like and behavior.
o The EGO  Me - the attitudes, and
 Known as the police or behavior of the person.
mediator between the ID Charles Cooley’s the looking-glass self
and the SUPEREGO.
 Rational soul-like.  The term “looking-glass self” was
created by American Sociologist
Merleau-Ponty Charles Horton Cooley in 1902
 Introduced into his work Human
 French Philosopher Nature and the Social Order.
 Known for his work on existentialism  It is described as our reflection of how
and phenomenology. we think we appear to others.
 His idea of the self, regarded that the  The looking-glass self-comprises three
body and mind are not separate main components that are unique to
entities but rather these two humans (Shaffer 2005):
components are one and the same. o We imagine how we must appear
 Gestalt Psychology – “the whole is to others in a social situation.
greater than the sum of its parts” o We imagine and react to what we
(Better look at the bigger picture-like). feel their judgement of that
 Phenomenology of Perception – appearance must be.
the unity of the function of the mind o We develop our sense of self and
and the body. respond through these perceived
judgments of others.
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Sociology I am not what I think I am,

 Study of how human society is I am not what you think I am.

established, its structure and how it
I am what I think you think I am.
works.
 The people’s interaction with each -Charles Cooley
other and the effects they have to one
another.

George H. Mead and the socials

UTS Week 2-4
analyses,
interprets and
explain social and
cultural similarities
THREE ROLE-PLAYING STAGES OF
and differences.
SELF-DEVELOPMENT  It explores the
diversity of the
present and the
The Preparatory Stage (Birth – 2 yrs. past.
old)  Ethnography –
 The infant simply imitates the actions Field work.
and behaviors of the people that the  Ethnology – cross-
infant interacts with. cultural
comparison.
The Play Stage (2 – 6 yrs. Old)  Archeological
Anthropology
 Children begins to interact with other
 reconstructs,
with which certain rules apply.
describes, and
 Rules are set by children themselves.
interprets, human
The Game Stage (6 – 9 yrs. Old) behavior and
cultural patterns
 The final stage of development
through material
according to Mead.
remains.
 The ability of the children to recognize
 These material
the rules of the game and be able to
remains such as
identify their roles and the roles of the
plant, animal, and
others that is playing with them.
ancient garbage
provides stories
ANTHROLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE about utilization
and actions.
Anthropology  Biological/Physical
Anthropology
 A systematic exploration of human  Special interest,
biological and cultural diversity. human evolution,
as revealed by the
fossil, human
THE SELF AND THE PERSON IN
genetics, human
CONTEMPORARY ANTHROPOLOGY
growth, and
development.
I. Anthropology and its Sub  Linguistic
discipline Anthropology
o the “Four Field” anthropology,  Studies languages
studies human species and its in its social and
immediate ancestors includes cultural context
four main subdisciplines or across space and
subfields namely; over time.
 Sociocultural/Cultural  Universal features
anthropology of language are
 study of human analyzed and
society and culture association
which describes, between language
UTS Week 2-4
and culture are
evaluated.
 also studies how
speech changes in
social situations
and over time.

“THE SELF EMBEDDED IN THE

CULTURE”