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Introduction-To-Concrete L-2

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15 views24 pages

Introduction-To-Concrete L-2

Uploaded by

MH Manik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CE 519

DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES-I

Introduction to Concrete
Introduction to Concrete

• A.D. 126: One of the most remarkable concrete structures


built by the Romans was the dome of the Pantheon in Rome,
completed.

• 1760: The first modern record of concrete, when John


Smeaton used it in Britain in the first lock on the river
Calder.

• 1796: J. Parker discovered Roman natural cement.


Introduction to Concrete

• 1824: Joseph Aspdin mixed ground limestone and clay


from different quarries and heated them in a kiln to make
cement.

• 1832: Francois Marte Le Brun built a concrete house at


Moissac in France.

• 1954: W.B. Wilkinson of England obtained a patent for a


concrete floor reinforced by twisted cables.
Introduction to Concrete

• 1867: Joseph Monier obtained his patent and was given


credit for the invention of reinforced concrete for making
garden tubs and pots of concrete reinforced with iron mesh.

• 1886: First manuscript on the theory and design of concrete


structures was published by Koenen.

• 1906: C.A.P. Turner developed the first flat slab without


beams.
Introduction to Concrete

• By 1910: German Committee for Reinforced Concrete,


Austrian Concrete Committee, American Concrete Institute
(ACI) and British Concrete Institute were already established.

• By 1920: Many Structures such as bridges, buildings of


reinforced concrete were already constructed.

• 1938: Ultimate-strength theories were codified in the USSR.


Introduction to Concrete

• 1956: Ultimate-strength theories were codified in England


and in the USA.

• 1956 - present: High strength concretes upto 20 ksi (137.9


MPa) in compression and 1.8 ksi (12.4 MPa) in tension were
developed.
Introduction to Concrete

• Concrete is a mixture of sand, gravel, crushed rock or other


aggregates held together in a rocklike mass with a paste of
cement and water.
Introduction to Concrete

• Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel.

• Concrete has a high compressive strength and a very low


tensile strength.

• Steel reinforcement provides the tensile strength in concrete.


Introduction to Concrete

Steel Reinforcement

Compressive Stress
(In Concrete)
NA

Tensile Stress
(In Steel)
Introduction to Concrete
Introduction to Concrete

ADVANTAGES
• It has a relatively high compressive strength.

• It has greater resistance to the actions of fire and water than


steel.

• It has a long service life with low maintenance cost.

• Reinforced Concrete is the most economical structural material


available for footings, dams, piers, basement walls and similar
applications.
Introduction to Concrete

ADVANTAGES
• The ability to be cast in any desired shape is an extraordinary
feature of Reinforced Concrete.

• The structures constructed with Reinforced Concrete are very


rigid having small deflection.
Introduction to Concrete

DISADVANTAGES
• Concrete has a very low tensile strength of about one-tenth of
its compressive strength and requires use of tensile
reinforcing.

• It needs mixing, casting and curing; all of which affect the final
strength of concrete.

• Forms are required to hold the concrete in place until it


hardens sufficiently. The cost of the forms is relatively high.
Introduction to Concrete

DISADVANTAGES
• The low strength per unit of weight of concrete leads to heavy
members, which is an important matter of concern for long
span structures and tall buildings.

• Cracks develop in concrete due to shrinkage and the


application of live loads.
Introduction to Concrete

REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING ELEMENTS


Introduction to Concrete

COLLOSSIUM, ROME,
ITALY
Introduction to Concrete

IDB BUILDING, DHAKA CITY CENTER, DHAKA


Introduction to Concrete

RUPSHA BRIDGE, KHULNA


Introduction to Concrete

RUPSHA BRIDGE, KHULNA


Introduction to Concrete

HOOVER DAM, USA


Introduction to Concrete

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING, USA


Introduction to Concrete

OPERA HOUSE, SYDNEY,


AUSTRALIA
Introduction to Concrete

SOME MORE RCC BUILDINGS


Introduction to Concrete

NATIONAL PARLIAMENT BUILDING, BANGLADESH

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