CBSE IX Maths_Chap 9 (Circles)

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9 Circles

The Ferris wheel is one of the attractions that most children seek out when visiting
amusement parks. For creating such structures, circles are preferred as it provide equal
support to handle the desired load in each of the components. These components
maintain the overall balance of the wheel.
| TOPIC 1 |
ANGLE SUBTENDED BY A CHORD AT A POINT

Learning Objectives
 Students will be learning that the angle subtended by the equal chords
of a circle at the centre are equal.
Learning Outcomes
 Students will be able to understand the theorems and apply them.

Real Life Application


If you have been to Delhi for an educational tour, you must have seen the
Parliament house. In the aerial view of the Parliament House of India circle
shaped structures instead of conventional ones are observed. You must have
wondered what goes into creating buildings or structures with circular shapes.

So, here, the architects and engineers applied the concept of circles in their
design so that the building has a circular shape and is also practical and
strong enough.
To make such circular structures, concepts of arcs, chords and angles are used.
This is how angle subtended by a chord applies in real life. Let’s study angle
subtended by a chord at a point in detail.
As we know, the chord of circle is the line segment that joins two points on the
circumference of the circle. If we draw two or more equal chords of a circle
and determine the angles subtended by them at the centre, we will observe
that the size of the chord and the angle subtended by it at the centre has a
relationship.
Theorem-1
Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre.
Given: A circle with centre O.

2 Mathematics Class IX
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O
P R

Q S

PQ and RS are equal chords


i.e., PQ = RS
To Prove:∠POQ = ∠ROS
Proof: In ΔPOQ and ΔROS
OP = OR [Radius]
OQ = OS [Radius]
PQ = RS [Given]
ΔPOQ ≅ ΔROS [By SSS Congruence Rule]
∴ ∠POQ = ∠ROS [By CPCT]
Hence, proved.
Theorem-2
If the angles subtended by the chords of a circle at the centre are equal,
then the chords are equal.
Given: A circle with centre O.

O
P R

Q S

PQ and RS are chords.


∠POQ = ∠ROS
To prove:PQ = RS
Proof: In ΔPOQ and ΔROS
OP = OR [Radius]
OQ = OS [Radius]
∠POQ = ∠ROS [Given]
Therefore, ΔPOQ ≅ ΔROS[By SAS Congruence Rule]
So, PQ = RS [By CPCT]
Hence, proved.

Circles 3
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Example 1. Show that ∠OMN = ∠ONM, if AB and CD are two equal chords.
C A

M N

B D

Ans. We know that equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre.
AB = CD
⇒ OM = ON
In ∆OMN,
OM = ON
∠OMN = ∠ONM [Angles opposite to equal sides]



4 Mathematics Class IX
OBJECTIVE Type Questions
[ 1 mark ]
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Given below is a circle with centre O. Which of the following represents
the measure of ∠BCD?
a

B
A
O

b C

(a) 180o + (a – b
) (b) 180o – (a + b
)
2 2
(c) 90o – (a – b
) (d) 180o – (a – b
) [Diksha]
2 2

Ans.(d) 180° – (a – b
)
2
Explanation: From figure
∠AOB = ∠DOC [Vertically opposite angles]
Here,      ∠AOB = ∠DOC = b
Now,       ∠ACB = 1
∠AOB
2
[Angle made by the same segment on the circumference is half of that made
on the centre]
So, ∠ACB = b
2
Now, DB is a straight line
∠ABO + a = 180o [Linear pair]
∠ABO = 180o – a
∠ACD = ∠ABO = 180o – a
[Chord AD is Common]
Now, ∠BCD = ∠ACB + ∠ACD
= b
+ 180o – a
2

        ∠BCD = 180o – a + b


2
  = 180o – (a – b
)
2

2. A triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle with ∠B = 30o and ∠C = 50o. The


angle bisectors of ∠A and ∠C meets at I. the masure of ∠AIC is:

Circles 5
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A

30o o
50
B C

(a) 105o (b) 100o


(c) 75o (d) 120o
Ans.(a) 105°
Explanation: In ΔABC,
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180o [Angle sum property]
∠A + 30o + 50o = 180o
∠A = 180o – 30o – 50o = 100o
Since, we know that angle bisector divides the angle in equal parts.
Therefore,    ∠ACI = ∠C
= 50 o
= 25o
2 2

   ∠CAI = 100 = 50o


2
In ΔAIC,
    ∠ACI + ∠CAI + ∠AIC = 180o
      25o + 50o + ∠AIC = 180o
    ∠AIC = 180o – 25o – 50o
    ∠AIC = 105o
Caution
 Students should remember that the incentre of the triangle can also be
found by formula (given below)
∠BIC = 90o + A

A

∠AIC = 90o +
∠B I

2
B C

o

∠AIB = 90 + ∠C
2

True and False


An equilateral triangle can be inscribed in a semicircle with its one
3.
side as the diameter of the semicircle.
Ans.False
Explanation: It is not possible to inscribe an equilateral triangle in a
semicircle with one side as diameter of the semicircle because all the

6 Mathematics Class IX
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sides of the equilateral triangle are equal and form congruent angles,
also we know that the angle in a semicircle is 90o.
Hence, the answer is false.
Fill in the Blanks
4. In a circle with centre O, if the angle subtended by minor arc AB at
the boundary of the circle is 30o, then the measure of ∠AOB will be
.............. .
o
30

A B

Ans.60o
Explanation: As we know the angle subtended by an arc at the centre is
double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of
the circle.
Assertion and Reason (A-R)
In these questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the
correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
5. Assertion (A):AB is the diameter of a circle with centre O. P is a point on
the circumference of the circle. Such that PA = PB, then ∠PAB
= 45o
P

A B
O

Reason (R): Angle in a semicircle is a right angle.

Circles 7
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Ans.(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation:
In ∆APB,
PA = PB [Given]
So, ∠PAB = ∠PBA [Angle of an isosceless triangle]
= x (say)
Now, angle in a semicircle is a right angle.
∠APB = 90° [AB is diameter]
o
So,∠PAB + ∠PBA + ∠APB = 180
x + x + 90o = 180o
x= 90o
= 45o
2
Hence, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

CASE BASED Questions (CBQs)


[ 4 & 5 marks ]
Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:
6. Three STD booths are placed at A, B and C in the figure and these are
operated by handicapped persons. These three booth are equidistant
from each other as shown in the figure.
A

B C

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(A) Find the measure of ∠BAC.
(B) Find the measure of ∠BOC.
(C) If AB = 8 cm, find the value of (BC + CA). [British Council 2022]
Ans.(A)In the figure, AB = BC = CA.
∴ ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle.
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠ACB = ∠BAC = 60º
(B)It is given that OB is the bisector of ∠ABC.
∴ ∠ABO = ∠OBC = 1 ∠ABC
2
1
= × 60° = 30° ...... (i)
2
Also, OC is the bisector of ∠ACB.
∴∠ACO = ∠OCB = 1 ∠ACB
2
1
= × 60° = 30° ...... (ii)
2
In ∆OBC,
∠OBC + ∠OCB + ∠BOC = 180º [Angle sum property]
⇒ 30º + 30º + ∠BOC = 180º
⇒ ∠BOC = 180º − 60º = 120º
(C)∆ABC is an equilateral triangle.
AB = BC = CA
BC + CA = 8 + 8
  Therefore BC + CA = 16 cm.

VERY SHORT ANSWER Type Questions (VSA)


[ 1 mark ]

7. In the following figure, find ∠AOB.

A
Q
O 35°
P
R
B

[Diksha]
Ans.∠APB= ∠RPQ = 35°

Circles 9
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Now, ∠AOB and ∠APB are angles subtended by an arc AB at centre and
at the remaining part of the circle.
\∠AOB= 2∠APB = 2 × 35o = 70o

SHORT ANSWER Type-I Questions (SA-I)


[ 2 marks ]

8. If the radius of a circle is 5 cm, AB = 6 cm and CD = 8 cm, then


determine PQ.
A B
P

C Q D

[British Council 2022]


Ans.Since, the perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the
chord.
Therefore, P and Q are mid-points of AB and CD respectively.
1
AP = PB = AB = 3 cm
2
1
and CQ= QD = CD = 4 cm
2

In right-angled ∆OAP and ∆OCQ by using Pythagoras theorem


OA2 = OP2 + AP2and OC2 = OQ2 + CQ2
OP2 = 52 – 32 OQ2 = 52 – 42
OP2 = 16 = 9
⇒ OP = 4 and OQ = 3
PQ = OP + OQ = (4 + 3) = 7 cm

SHORT ANSWER Type-II Questions (SA-II)


[ 3 marks ]

9. If in a ∆ABC, AB = 12 cm, BC = 16 cm and AB ⊥ BC, then find the


radius of the circle passing through A, B and C.

10 Mathematics Class IX
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C

A B

[Delhi Gov. QB 2022]


Ans.Given: A, B and C are points such that AB = 12 cm and BC = 16 cm and
BC ⊥ AB.
BC ⊥ AB i.e., ∠ABC = 90° and ∆ABC is a right one with AC as hypotenuse.
\ AC = AB2 + BC2 = 122 + 162 cm = 20 cm. So, the circle passing through A,
B and C will have its diameter as AC.
1
\ Its radius = × 20 cm = 10 cm.
2

10. In the given figure, O is the centre of a circle prove that ∠x + ∠y = ∠z.
E

C D

y
O
z

A B

[Delhi Gov. QB 2022]


Ans.In ∆ACF, side ∠CF is produced to B.
E

C D

3 F 4

y
O
1 2
z

A B

Circles 11
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\ ∠y = ∠1 + ∠3...(i)
[Ext. angle = sum of int. opp. angle]
In ∆AED, side ED is produced to B.
\ ∠1 + ∠x = ∠4...(ii)
Add eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
∠1 + ∠x + ∠y
= ∠1 + ∠3 + ∠4
⇒ ∠x + ∠y = ∠3 + ∠4
= 2 ∠3
[ ∵ ∠4 = ∠3, angles in the same segment]
= ∠z[ ∵ ∠AOB = 2∠ACB]
∠x + ∠y = ∠z
Hence, proved.

LONG ANSWER Type Questions (LA)


[ 4 & 5 marks ]

11. Infigure, O is the centre of the circle, ∠BCO = 30°, AE ⊥ BC and DO ⊥


AE. Find x and y.
A

O D

y 30°
B E C

[Delhi Gov. QB 2022]


Ans.In the given figure, OD is parallel to BC.
∴ ∠BCO = ∠COD
[Alternate interior angles]
⇒ ∠COD =30° ...... (i)
We know that the angle subtended by an arc of a circle
at the centre is double the angle subtended by it on the
remaining part of the circle.
Here, arc CD subtends ∠COD at the centre and ∠CBD at B on the circle.

12 Mathematics Class IX
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∴ ∠ COD = 2∠CBD
30°
⇒ ∠CBD = = 15°
2

∴ y = 15° ...... (ii) [From (i)]


Also, arc AD subtends ∠AOD at the centre and ∠ABD at B on the circle.
∴ ∠AOD = 2∠ABD
⇒ ∠ABD = 90° = 45°...... (iii)
2
In ∆ABE,
x + y + ∠ABD + ∠AEB = 180°
⇒ x + 15° + 45° + 90° = 180°
⇒ x = 180° − (90° + 15° + 45°)
⇒ x = 180 ° − 150°
⇒ x = 30° [Sum of the angles of a triangle]
[From eqs. (ii) and (iii)]
Hence, x = 30° and y = 15°.

Circles 13

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