Sar 5622

SCHOOL OF BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIT – I – INTRODUCTION TO GREEN RATING SYSTEMS –

SAR5622
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I. Introduction
GREEN BUILDINGS AND RATING SYSTEMS
Buildings have extensive direct and indirect impacts on the environment. During their
construction, occupancy, renovation, repurposing, and demolition, buildings use energy, water,
and raw materials, generate waste, and emit potentially harmful atmospheric emissions. These
facts have prompted the creation of green building standards, certifications, and rating systems
aimed at mitigating the impact of buildings on the natural environment
through sustainable design.
History
The push toward sustainable design increased with the launch in 1990 of Building Research
Establishment's Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), the first green building rating
system in the world. In 2000, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) followed suit and
developed and released criteria also aimed at improving the environmental performance of
buildings through its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system
for new construction. Since that first release, LEED has continued to grow in prominence and
to include rating systems for existing buildings and entire neighbourhoods.
Others also responded to the growing interest and demand for sustainable design including the
Green Building Initiative (GBI), which was created to assist the National Association of
Homebuilders (NAHB) in promoting its Green Building Guidelines for Residential Structures.
Although originally developed for Canada, GBI helped to make Green Globes available for use
in the U.S. in 2005. Additional rating systems have been developed that were influenced by
these early programs but are tailored to their own national priorities and requirements or seek
to go beyond the limits of current policy and building practices to address broader issues of
sustainability or evolving concepts such as net zero energy, and living and restorative building
concepts that improve the natural environment, or those that model nature's processes.
What is Green Building?

“It is the practice of increasing efficiency with which buildings use resources-energy, water and
materials-while reducing building impacts on human health and the environment.”
As we know the air which surrounds us within a building are a closed environment is directly
related are directly connected to the health and well being. So we have to maintain such
standards to have good indoor air quality, to have good respiration and which is all impacted
by this green building design, which reduces the resources such as energy, water and materials.
A green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a
conventional building– IGBC
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“Green Building Technology Should Reach All”
Concept
 Is the aim of this green building design .The concept is gaining importance in various
Countries, including India. These the some of the rating systems are develop to create awareness
and to make people to get its reach from technicians to normal lay man community to know
about the importance and significant of green building design.
 These buildings that ensure that waste is minimized at every single stage during the
construction and operation of the building, resulting in low costs, according to experts in the
technology. So as we saw in the previous presentation, this not only improve the health and
increase energy efficiency but also ensures that wastes and materials recycle are reuse in every
states of its operation that is the concept which is been adopted to make it as a green building
or green building material.
 The technique associated with the ‘Green Building’ include measures to prevent erosion
of soil, rainwater harvesting, use of solar energy, preparation of landscapes to reduce heat,
reduction in usage of water, recycling of waste water and use of world class energy efficient
practices. It can also be adopted for the entire side. Such as using good landscaping or predicting
and usage of solar energy and preventing from soil erosion and using reduced amount of water
and recycling of waste water etc.
 A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to
focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally. So, as we saw in the previous
presentation this point talks about the transportation charge, which is involve while transporting
the building material from the factory to the usage site.
How to make a Building Green?

A green building is a structure that is environmentally responsible and resources efficient
throughout its life-cycle. So it’s not just from producing are its usage. It is actually calculated
like a life-cycle assessment from the way this manufacture from being the product to the end
product, which again recyclable. These objectives expand and complement the classical
building design, concerns of economy, utility, durability and comfort. So, just because we are
doing the green building does in mean we are compromising on the comfort or looks or utility
or durability of the building we are also taking care of all this aspects and making the building
actually better compare to the regular conventional once.
Importance of Green Building

Nowadays, we should make a way to maximize our natural resources to get some relief since
pollution is everywhere plus the Global warming that we are all experiencing. The lot of service
being taken around the world, which says the temperature is been increasing from point .89
degree Celsius or 1 degree Celsius throughout some for the pass for two, three decades. Which
is all due to what we are impacting from the building sector as well. So, we have to start reacting
to it from now. So we have to depend more and renewable energy resources available abundant
in nature and Non-renewable energy is expensive and unsafe but did you know that through
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green building we can save a lot of energy actually. We have to make our buildings more
dependent on renewable energy sources.
Before that, let’s define first the meaning of green building(known also as green construction)
is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible
and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle: from siting to design, construction,
operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. As we said in the previous slide not
only takes care of creating a structure but it also being studied for a whole life –cycle
assessment.
The importance of this is to lessen the consumption of energy and pollution as well because the
more we use non-renewable energy the higher the risk of pollution. For school buildings day-
lighting is very essential and we have to make it so that the desk level is being lit at least to
minimum of 300 lux level to reduce the usage of conventional electric sources.
Why Green Building?

Now the global concern is due to global warming this climate change which results in floods,
droughts and increasing temperature which results in melting of ice gracious, which increasing
sea water levels.
1. Threats of Climate Change
These are some of the results which will happen the climate is changing global warming is
happening which results in thinks like floods, fire, others and severe winter storm, hurricane,
tornado, tornado and flood, severe storms. These are the natural calamities. Which is being
formed because of climate change and global warming? So, again these are some of the thinks
which being again listed.
2. Root Cause
So, what is the root cause of this type of climate change which is being happening? Is recently
is energy consumption. So, whatever we are using energy this producing certain amount of
hazardous gases which is increasing the green house effect and increasing the temperature
eventually which changes the climate. This is due to green house gas emission and which is due
to environmental pollution.
3. Sustainability and Building Sector
So, 50% of materials resources taken from nature are building related. So, whatever natural
resources that we see around as 50% is being destroyed just by the building sector alone. And
over 50% of national waste production comes from the building sector. As a building in an
individual it may seem to be a small number but, when you look at this problem globally. It is
50% of the entire ways has been produced globally just from a building sector. So, we need to
consider this type of sustainable usage, which can be leg when a resource from a forest and then
it’s been construct as a building and the waste has been usable for again recycle or reusable.
So, it does in provide hazarder to the earth that we live.
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4. Pollution and energy consuming sector
As we seen this short which is less the major three sector which is been reducing more energy
consumptions. Which is building, transportation and industry. When you see from the year
1950’s the building sector which is been growing more which is more becoming more polluting
and more energy consumption even compare to the industrial sector and transportation sector.
So, as you see industry contributes just 25% and transportation to 27% but building contributes
almost to 48% of this pollution and energy consumption.
o That way using 40% of global energy consumption is building related.

o 50% of global green house emission is due to buildings.
Fig 1
Since, the building are becoming more and more, the appliances that We use and different
materials that we using electronic materials that way using to keep the building with in comfort
level is emitting lot of carbon dioxide and other gasses which is hazardous which is accounting
to 50% of global green house emission effect.
Would you to continue like this---?
Unknowingly, architecture and building community is responsible for almost half of green
emission annually.
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Green Building Or Sustainable Habitat
So, this using green building sustainable aspect is like from the start of design not only just
usage of materials but from the starting to analyze the climate and the usage and the usage
pattern of a building and appliances which will go with in the building all can account to
reduction and usage of energies. The objective is to evolve a strategy to reduce energy use in
building so as to reduce energy costs and green house gas emission into the earth’s atmosphere.
A green building is designed, constructed and operated to minimize the total environmental
impacts while enhancing use comfort and productivity. So, while a green building design has
been considered, you should consider also to reduce the impact on global level also to individual
level we need to consider producing good and comfortable visual and thermal comfortable
environment for the end user’s of that space.
Green Building Concept
1. Sustainable site planning
2. Building design optimization
3. Energy performance optimization
4. Renewable energy utilization
5. Water and waste management
6. Solid waste management
7. Sustainable building materials and construction technology
8. Health, well being and environmental quality
So, these are on a bigger picture when you design a green building. So, these are the
aspects that has to be consider and this will be taken in to account while giving a building
assessment or giving a building certification, if it is green or not. So, these are the points,
Green Building Rating System
ng rating system is an evaluation tool that measures environmental

performance of a building through its life cycle. So, even from starting of the site plan
to design product usage, metical usage and even after that a post occupants evaluation is
made which shows how much people are comfortable and how this technique’s which
put into actually beneficial to the building sector. By maintaining their energy bills on
comparing them to the conventional building of a same size and same usage pattern.
erion has pre-assigned points and sets performance benchmarks and goals
that are largely quantifiable. So, this certification program has works and different
criteria’s. When covers all this points that we saw in the previous slide delighting
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natural renewable energy sources, sustainable energy planning, ways management,
recyclability, reusability and everything. And these work on there are some goals and
some benchmark to which the building to has to meet to get that type of certification.
Successful International Rating Programs:
LEED which is leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) was developed
and piloted in the US in 1998 as a consensus-based building rating system based on the
use of existing building technology. So, it was developed in 1998 by US body to give a
building a rating the main aim was to reduce energy usage. So, that will meet up to that
target.
whole building environmental performance approach.
Building Standards
A standard is a set of guidelines and criteria against which a product can be judged. Common
standards related to building practices are created through consensus processes by
organizations such as ANSI, ASTM, or ASHRAE. Supporting the governance of standards and
certifications is the International Standards Organization (ISO), which defines and develops
worldwide standards that frequently become law or form the basis of industry norms. ISO
defines a standard as: "a document, established by consensus, approved by a recognized body
that provides for common and repeated use as rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities
or their results."
Requirements found in standards may either be prescriptive (identifying methods of
achievement) or performance based (stating expectations of end results). Consensus based
standards, those developed through a formal, voluntary consensus process that is exemplified
by an open and due process have immediate buy-in, government support, and international
influence. According to the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
federal agencies are required by law to adopt existing private-sector voluntary consensus
standards instead of creating proprietary, non-consensus standards. Standards frequently serve
as incentives for improved performance. Many of the green product standards available today
are proprietary or regulatory standards that have been developed outside of the formal ANSI
and ISO consensus process. These types of standards may be more or less stringent than
consensus standards and can include some level of transparency and public comment.
However, many of these types of standards are trusted because they are associated with a group
that has strong environmental credentials.
The ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1, Standard for the Design of High
Performance Green Buildings except Low-Rise Residential Buildings provides minimum
requirements for site, design, construction and operations in mandatory, code-enforceable
language. This standard is comprehensive and includes chapters for site, water, energy
efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and materials. For a detailed description on many
other building codes and standards that address sustainability goals and requirements, see the
Relevant Codes and Standards section below and Energy Codes and Standards.
Green Codes
Green building codes continue to be developed and adopted in the U.S. and abroad that seek to
push the standard of building design and construction to new levels of sustainability and
performance. Codes come in two basic formats: prescriptive and performance, with outcome-
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based becoming a developing third option. A Prescriptive path is a fast, definitive, and
conservative approach to code compliance. Materials and equipment must meet a certain levels
of stringency, which are quantified in tables. Performance-based codes are designed to
achieve particular results, rather than meeting prescribed requirements for individual building
components. Outcome-based codes for example, establish a target energy use level and
provide for measurement and reporting of energy use to assure that the completed building
performs at the established level.
The unique difference between codes and building rating systems is that codes are
mandatory. If green codes become adopted on a wide spread basis, their impact can change
the building environment rapidly and extensively. When undertaking a project, whether it is
new construction or a renovation, check to see if there is a state or local green code that will
dictate the direction and scope your project must take.
International Code Council
 International Green Construction Code (IgCC). The IgCC is intended to be used as a

jurisdictional and municipal building code for new construction and major
renovations. it sets standards for energy conservation, water efficiency, and
commissioning, and also includes enforcement procedures and guidelines for existing
building renovations.
ASHRAE Standards
 ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1, Standard for the Design of High-

Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings this standard
provides minimum requirements for site, design, construction and operations in
mandatory, code-enforceable language. A collaborative effort by ASHRAE, IES and
USGBC, this standard is comprehensive and includes chapters for site, water, energy
efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and materials. ASHRAE 189.1 can be used
as a jurisdictional compliance path for the IgCC.
 ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
 ASHRAE Standard 62.1, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
 ASHRAE Standard 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings
Water-Related Legislation And Codes
 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) Section 438 (stormwater)

 Energy Policy Act of 1992
 Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT) Section 109 (process water)
 International Plumbing Code (IPC), (ICC)
 Uniform Plumbing Code 2006, (IAMPO)
Material-Related Legislation
 Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (FSRIA)

 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Municipal Standards
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Many cities, states, and U.S. Territories have also implemented green standards for public
buildings. Every city's, state's, and U.S. Territory's energy goals and requirements are listed,
highlighting LEED, Green Globes, and carbon emission reduction goals. New York City and
California are two examples of governments that have implemented green standards for
public buildings.
CALIFORNIA
California has implemented green building standards for all major renovations and new
construction of public buildings. Executive Order S-3-05 calls to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. To accomplish this goal, Executive Order S-20-
04 requires all state buildings to reduce energy usage by 20% and achieve a minimum of a
Silver LEED rating.
 Assembly Bill 32: California Global Warming Solutions Act

 California Green Building Strategy
 California Executive Order S-3-05
 CalGREEN code
 ICC 700 National Green Building Standard. The standard defines green building for
single-family and multi-family homes, residential remodeling, and site development
projects while allowing enough flexibility to incorporate regionally appropriate best
green practices.
Code Council (ICC) in association with cooperating sponsors ASTM International (ASTM)
and the American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Green Product Certifications

A certification is a confirmation that a product meets defined criteria of a standard. ISO defines
certification as: "any activity concerned with determining directly or indirectly that relevant
requirements are fulfilled."
Green product certifications are intended to outline and confirm that a product meets a
particular standard and offers an environmental benefit. Many product labels and certification
programs certify products based on life-cycle parameters, making them multi-
attribute programs. These parameters include energy use, recycled content, and air and water
emissions from manufacturing, disposal, and use. Others focus on a single attribute, such as
water, energy, or chemical emissions that directly impact IEQ.
A green product certification is considered most respected when an independent third party is
responsible for conducting the product testing and awarding the certification. Third-party
means they are independent of the product manufacturer, contractor, designer, and specifier.
Third-party labels and green product certification programs can be helpful in evaluating the
attributes of green products because they validate that the product meets certain industry-
independent standards. They can also offer greater assurance to consumers, designers,
specifiers, and others that a product's marketing claims accurately reflect its green attributes.
Many product certifications are also recognized within comprehensive green building rating
systems such as LEED, Green Globes, and the National Green Building Standard. As a result,
green product certifications are on the rise as market conditions change and the demand for
greener products continues to increase. It is important to note that green-washing, which is
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defined as the use of green claims that are not true or are unverifiable but used to sell products
or a corporate image, has become commonplace as companies try to stay competitive in the
green marketplace.
To fully understand what a green certification represents and the quality of information it
provides, the details of its requirements need to be reviewed carefully. The ISO defines
different types of labels that can be used for products. Below is an outline of the ISO-defined
labels and what is being claimed. Product certifications available in the U.S. are mostly Type
I and Type II labels while Type III labels are now required in France and becoming more
common in Europe and for those U.S. manufacturers with an international focus.
TYPE ISO NUMBER WHAT THE LABEL DOES
Type I ISO 14024 Seal of approval for multi-attribute requirements
Type II ISO 14021 Verifiable single-attribute environmental claims for issues such
as energy consumption, emissions, or recycled content. Can
be first-party, self-declared manufacturer claims. However
many manufacturers are beginning to seek third-party
verification of those claims in response to industry demand.
Type III ISO >14025 Comprehensive environmental product disclosure and detailed
product information. Similar to an Environmental Product
Declaration (EPD)
SINGLE- OR
PRODUCT MULTI- TYPE OF STANDARD MANAGING ISSUE OF
CERTIFICATION ATTRIBUTE OR CERTIFICATION ORGANIZATION FOCUS
Energy Star Single- Government U.S. EPA and Energy

Attribute certification relying U.S. DOE consuming
on manufacturer- products
provided data or
third-party testing
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SINGLE- OR
WaterSense Single- Government label U.S. EPA Showerheads,

Attribute based on third-party toilets, faucets,
testing urinals, and
valves
Forest Single- Third-party Forest Forests and

Stewardship Attribute certification Stewardship forestry
Council Council (FSC) products
SCS Global Multi- Third-party SCS Global Wide range of

Services Attribute certification Services products ( i.e.
carpets,
textiles, wood
products,
insulation, and
more)
Green Seal Multi- Third-party ISO Type Green Seal Wide range of
Attribute 1 certification sectors (paints,
adhesives,
lamps, electric
chillers,
windows,
window films,
occupancy
sensors)
Cradle to Multi- Third-party Cradle to Cradle Building

Cradle Attribute certification, Cradle Products materials,
to Cradle Innovation interior design
CertifiedCM Product Institute C2CPII products,
Standard is managed textiles and
and updated by the fabrics, paper
Institute’s and packaging,
Certification and personal
Standards Board and homecare
products
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SINGLE- OR
GREENGUARD Multi- Third party UL Environment Indoor air

attribute certification quality,
children and
schools focus
Green Squared Multi- Third-party ISO Type TCNA Tiles and tile
attribute 1 environmental installations
labeling and
declaration
requirements (ISO
14024)
Summary Of Green Building Rating And Certification Systems

The following table and the expanded information directly below it outlines several of the most
commonly used and respected green building rating and certification systems in the U.S.
marketplace.
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Leadership in Multi- Green building rating U.S. Green Performance in:
Energy and Attribute and certification Building
Environment system through Council
 Sustainable Sites
al Design independent third-
(LEED) party verification for:  Water Efficiency
 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Operations & Environmental
Maintenance Quality
(EB O&M)  Locations &
 Commercial Linkages
Interiors (CI)  Awareness &
 Core & Shell Education
(CS)  Innovation in
 Schools (SCH) Design
 Retail  Regional Priority

through a set of
 Healthcare prerequisites and
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
RATING OR MULTI- MANAGING
CERTIFICATI ATTRIBU TYPE OF STANDARD ORGANIZATI
ON SYSTEM TE OR CERTIFICATION ON ISSUES / AREAS OF FOCUS
Building Multi- Green building rating BRE Global Performance in:

Research Attribute and certification
 Energy
Establishmen system through on-
t site independent  Health & Well-
Environment third-party being
al verification for:
 Transport
Assessment
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
Method  New  Water

(BREEAM) Construction
 Materials
 In-Use
 Waste
 Refurbishmen
 Land Use &
t & Fit Out
Ecology
 Communities
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
Infrastructure  Management
 Pollution
No prerequisites for In-

Use
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR

 Energy &
Atmosphere
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
 New  Materials &

Construction Resources
(NC)
 Indoor
 Existing Environmental
Buildings, Quality
Operations &
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
Maintenance  Locations &

(EB O&M) Linkages
 Commercial  Awareness &

Interiors (CI) Education
 Core & Shell  Innovation in

(CS) Design
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
 Schools (SCH)  Regional Priority

through a set of
 Retail
prerequisites and
 Healthcare credits
(HC)
 Homes
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
Green Multi- Green building Green Environmental assessment

Globes Attribute guidance and Building areas to earn credits in:
assessment program Initiative in
for: the U.S.
 Energy
BOMA
Canada  Indoor
 Existing
Environment
buildings
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
 New  Site
construction
 Water
 Resources
 Emissions
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
 Project/Environme
ntal Management
No prerequisites
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
Living Multi- Performance-based International Performance areas

Building Attribute standard, and Living Future include:
Challenge certification program Institute
for:
 Site
 Water
 Landscape
and  Energy
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
infrastructure  Materials
projects
 Health
 Partial
 Equity
renovations
and complete  Beauty
building
renewals
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
 New building
construction All areas are
requirements.
 Neighborhood
, campus and
community
design
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NZEB Multi- Certification program International One hundred percent of
Attribute using the structure of Living Future the project's energy needs
the Living Building Institute must be supplied by on-
Challenge which can site renewable energy on
be applied to any a net annual basis,
building type. without the use of on-site
combustion. NZEB
certified buildings must
also meet the following
requirements of the Living
Building Challenge:
 the first half of

Imperative One,
Limits to Growth,
dealing with
appropriate siting
of buildings
 Imperative 19,
Beauty and Spirit
 Imperative 20,
Inspiration and
Education
Passive Multi- Performance based Passive House Any type of building.

House Attribute passive building Institute US
Institute US standard New focus areas include:
 air tightness
 Third-party requirement
RESNET
 source energy
approved
limit
quality
assurance/qu  space conditioning
ality control criteria
 Earns U.S.
DOE Zero
Energy Ready
Home status
 Includes HERS
rating
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 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
SITES Multi- Third party verified Administered Performance criteria in the

Attribute rating system for by GBCI areas of:
development projects
located on sites with
 Water
or without buildings.
 Wildlife Habitat
 Energy
28
 Energy &
 New Atmosphere
Construction
 Materials &
(NC)
Resources
 Existing
 Indoor
Buildings,
Maintenance Quality

through a set of
(HC) credits
 Homes
 Neighborhood
Development
(ND)
SINGLE-
BUILDING OR
 Air Quality
 Human Health
 Outdoor
recreation
opportunities
29
WELL Multi- Performance based Administered Measures attributes of
Building Attribute standard and by the buildings that impact
Standard certification program International occupant health by
for WELL Building looking at seven factors:
Institute™ Air, Water, Nourishment,
(IWBI) Light, Fitness, Comfort,
 New and
Mind
Existing
Buildings
 New and
Existing
Interiors
 Core and Shell

Retail
 Education
Facilities
 Restaurant
 Commercial
Kitchen
 Multifamily
Residential
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
BCA Green Multi- Benchmarking scheme Building and Rates buildings according
Mark Attribute that aims to achieve a Construction to five key criteria:
Scheme sustainable built Authority
(Singapore) environment by (BCA)
 Energy efficiency
incorporating best
practices in  Water efficiency
environmental design
 Environmental
and construction, and
the adoption of green protection
building technologies.  Indoor
environmental
quality, and
 Other green and

innovative
features that
contribute to
better building
performance.
30
Beam Multi- Comprehensive Business Performance and
(Hong Kong) Attribute standard and Environment assessment in:
supporting process Council
covering all building
 Site aspects
types, including mixed
use complexes, both  Material aspects
new and existing to
 Water use
assess, improve,
certify, and label the  Energy use
environmental
performance of  Indoor
buildings environmental
quality
 Innovations and
additions
CASBEE Multi- Building assessment JSBC (Japan Assessment areas include:

(Japan) Attribute tools for Sustainable
Building
 Energy efficiency
Consortium)
 Pre-design
and its  Resource
 New affiliated sub- efficiency
Construction committees
 Local
 Existing environment, and
Building and
 Indoor
 Renovation environment
EDGE Multi- A universal standard International Assessment areas include:

Attribute and a certification Finance
system for residential Corporation
 Energy
and commercial (IFC), a
structures. member of  Water
the World
Bank Group  Materials
31
Green Star Multi- Green building rating Green Categories assessed in:
SA Attribute system for: Building
(South Council of
 Management
Africa) South Africa
 Office
administers  Indoor
 Retail program Environmental
Independent Quality
 Multi-unit assessors to
residential assess and  Energy
score projects  Transport
 Water
 Materials
 Land Use &

Ecology
 Emissions
 Innovation
Pearl Rating Multi- Green building rating Abu Dhabi Assessment of

System for Attribute system for: Urban performance in:
Estidama Planning
(UAE) Council
 Community  Integrated
Development
 Buildings
Process
 Villas
 Natural Systems
 Temporary
 Livable
Villas and
Communities
Buildings
 Precious Water
 Resourceful
Energy
 Stewarding
Materials
 Innovating
Practice
32
Rating System In India:
In India, there are few primary rating systems, namely:
GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment): GRIHA is jointly
developed by TERI and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India. It is India’s
own rating system. GRIHA has a three tier process for rating any building.
The GRIHA Rating System contains 34 evaluation criteria with 100 points. These criteria have
been categorized into (i) Site Planning including conservation and efficient utilization of
resources, health and wellbeing during building planning and construction stage (ii) Water
Conservation (iii) Energy Efficiency including energy embodied & construction and renewable
energy (iv) Waste Management including waste minimization, segregation, storage, disposal and
recovery of energy from waste and (v) Environment for good health and wellbeing.
Commonwealth Games Village, New Delhi, Fortis Hospital, New Delhi, CESE (Centre for
Environmental Sciences & Engineering) Bldg, IIT Kanpur have received GRIHA ratings.
Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design India

LEED is an internationally recognized green building certification system, providing third-party
verification that a building or community was designed and built using strategies aimed at
improving performance across all the metrics that matter most: Energy savings, water efficiency,
CO2 emissions reduction, improved indoor environmental quality and stewardship of resources
and sensitivity to their impacts.
The Indian Green Building Council has adapted LEED system and has launched LEED India
version for rating of new construction.
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE):

BEE developed its own rating system for the buildings based on a 1 to 5 star scale. More stars
mean more energy efficiency.
BEE has developed the Energy Performance Index (EPI). The unit of Kilo watt hours per square
meter per year is considered for rating the building and especially targets air conditioned and
non-air conditioned office buildings.
The Reserve Bank of India’s buildings in Delhi and Bhubaneshwar, the CII Sohrabji Godrej
Green Business Centre and many other buildings has received BEE 5 star ratings.
IGBC (Indian Green Building Council): IGBC is a non-profit research institution formed
by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in 2001. IGBC has licensed the LEED green building
rating standard from USGBC. LEED-INDIA approach for green building is divided into five key
areas namely, 1) Sustainable site development, 2) Water saving, 3) Energy efficiency, 4)
Material selection and 5) Indoor environment quality
AR.SHEETAL AMRAOTKAR
33
UNIT – II –GREEN RATING SYSTEMS IN INDIA– SAR5622
1
I. Introduction
GREEN BUILDINGS PARAMETERS
Some of the key attributes of Green Buildings are as under:

Energy efficiency and renewable energy
-climate on building
ent heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system
Direct and indirect environmental impact

ity of site and vegetation during construction
-point-source pollution
Resource conservation and recycling

recycled material content
sanitary waste through reuse of grey-water and water-saving devices
Indoor environmental quality

nd content of building materials
-machine and occupant pollution sources

Adequate acoustic control
2
Community issues
-waste recycling
ental products and expertise
In a nutshell, Green Buildings use less energy and water, generate fewer green-house gases,
use materials more efficiently, and produce less waste than the conventional buildings over
their entire life cycle.
Various green building rating systems used around the world
Fig 1
3
Table 1
Green rating system history and development
4
LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) was developed and piloted in the
US in 1998 as a consensus based building rating system based on the use of existing building
technology. Successful International Rating Programs: LEED
•The rating system addresses specific environmental building related impacts using a whole
building environmental performance approach
LEED was created in 2000 by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), for rating design
and construction practices that would define a green building in the United States. LEED is
used throughout North America as well as in more than 30 countries with over 6,300 projects
currently certified across the globe and over 21,000 projects registered. As of September 2010,
over 35 state governments, 380 cities and towns, and 58 counties have enacted sustainable
legislation, ordinances, or policies, many of which specifically call for LEED certification.
5
LEED consists of credits which earn points in 7 categories: Site Selection, Water Efficiency,
Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, Regional
Priority, and Innovation in Design. One hundred points are available across these categories
with mandatory prerequisites such as minimum energy and water-use reduction, recycling
collection, and tobacco smoke control. Within each category are credits that pertain to specific
strategies for sustainability, such as the use of low-emitting products, reduced water
consumption, energy efficiency, access to public transportation, recycled content, renewable
energy, and daylighting. Since its inception, LEED standards have become more stringent as
the market has changed and expanded to include distinct rating systems that address different
building types: New Construction, Existing Buildings, Commercial Interiors, Core & Shell,
Schools, Retail, Healthcare, Homes, and Neighborhood Development.
The LEED certification process takes place at LEED Online. Project teams are required to
compile documentation to show compliance with LEED requirements and upload this
documentation to the LEED Online website. The documentation is then reviewed by the Green
Building Certification Institute (GBCI); a LEED certification is earned if all prerequisites and
a sufficient number of credits are earned. There are four levels of LEED certification: Certified,
Silver, Gold, and Platinum. There are no on-site visits required and certification can occur upon
completion of construction.
BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method)

A voluntary green building sustainability rating system established in the UK for assessing
the environmental performance of buildings.
BREEAM is the world’s leading sustainability assessment method for master planning
projects, infrastructure and buildings. It addresses a number of lifecycle stages such as new
construction, Refurbishment and in-use.
BREEAM is used not only for building but also for master planning and infrastructure
developments, which considers new construction, refurbishment and also in-use. So, if you
want to make a BREEAM assessment for a building it need not be newly constructed. It can
be building already been used or some building which is been used for something else before
and we have done some changes and you have refurbished and made into a new building those
are also can come under BREEAM category.
Globally there are more than 536,300 BREEAM certified developments, and almost 2,229,500
buildings registered for assessment since it was first launched in 1990.
So, it has over 536,341 certification and more than 2 million registered buildings and it has
over 73 countries.
BREEAM WORKING
6
The BREEAM assessment process evaluates the procurement, design, construction and
operation of a development against targets that are based on performance benchmark.
BREEAM is one of the same categories which have different benchmark and different goals
for the building to get this type of certification. There are different set goals and benchmark
which has to be met.
Assessments are carried out by independent, licensed assessors, and developments rate and
certified on a scale shown below in table
when you want to get a BREAM certification there are assessors who do this kind of different
levels of rating which is been go throw completely from its requirements to complete state and
post occupant evaluation to there are different scale in which this BREEAM certification works is
it has scales of pass, good very good excellent and outstanding depending on the building’s
performance.
BREEAM measures sustainable value in a series of categories, ranging from energy to ecology. So,
it does not confine to built environment energy been used. It also takes into account from the by
product how much it is the building is completely affecting the ecology and ecosystem around it.
Each of their categories addresses most influential factors, including low impact design and
carbon emissions reduction; so, the main criteria which is low impact design and the low impact
design is reducing emission and carbon dioxide and other hazarded cycle which is produce while
creating buy product or them material still construction. So, all this even the embodied energy
also calculated in this type of certification program and carbon reduction emission; design
durability and resilience; adaption to climate change; and ecological value and biodiversity
protection. So, it looks more on a global scale it takes into an account even ecosystem, ecology
biodiversity and everything together not just the building.
Scoring and rating
There are a number of elements that determine the overall performance of a development assessed
using BREEAM Communities. These are as follows:
1. the mandatory BREEAM Communities standards
2. the BREEAM Communities assessment issues and credits
3. awarding credits for innovation
4. the category and assessment issue weightings
5. the BREEAM rating level benchmarks.
How these elements combine to produce a BREEAM rating is summarised on the following pages.
This is followed by a description and example describing the methodology for calculating a rating.
AWARDING OF CREDITS
7
Start point
End point
BREEAM category issues and aims
BREEAM measures sustainable value in a series of categories, ranging from energy to ecology.
Each of these categories addresses the most influential factors, including low impact design and
carbon emissions reduction; design durability and resilience; adaption to climate change; and
ecological value and biodiversity protection.
Learn about some of the challenges BREEAM aims to address by visiting each of the category icons
below.
8
https://www.breeam.com/discover/how-breeam-certification-works/
CASE STUDY – ONE EMBANKMENT PLACE, LONDON (source NPTEL)

So, now moving on to a case study its one embankment place in London. So, this is the building
which is located along the embankment of the river.
One embankment place is a commercial office building constructed in the early 1990s.
Constructed above Charing Cross station, it is the first air rights building in the UK.
So, this building is constructed 1990 and it’s constructed over this metro station called Charing
Cross. So, there is Charing Cross metro station above which this building is been constructed. This
is the first building which happens in this type.
Approximately 40,000m2 total floor area comprising a ground floor below the station and floor 1
to 9 above with structure, services and lifts passing through Charing Cross station. So, they have
totally 40,00m2 of area which is including Charing Cross station which is on the ground floor and
from 1 to 9th floor of the embankment place station there is lifts in other service area which also
pass though this station.
The current occupier PwC desired a high BREEAM rating as part of their high as part of their
corporate policy along with a good EPC score and considered this high on the priorities at concept
stage. So, this building was perceived from the beginning of the concept stage to get the
certification. So, it will be like a pride for a building it was designed on the basis of following the
BREEAM requirements and goals, with the BREEAM requirements featuring high on the list next
to space planning and cost analysis.
KEY FACTS
BREEAM RATING: Outstanding
Score: 96.31%
Size: 39936 m2. Which approximately 40,000m2
Stage: Post-Construction
BREEAM version: BREEAM 2008 offices.
So, BREEAM under 2008 office building this building was assets.
OVERVIEW OF ENVIRINMENTAL FEATURES

 Bio fuel CCHP with and absorption chillers.
9
 Bio fuel is sourced from locally collected and refined waste vegetable oil. So, the fuel
that’s been used for the chillers and the plants for space heating and space cooling are
from fuel which has been used waste vegetable oils.
 Green walls and landscaped garden planting. So, this type of plantation reduces heat
which during the summer months to penetrate inside, which eventually increases the air
conditioning capacity.
 Waterless urinals and low flush toilets. So, this points for assets water efficiency since
they have waterless urinals and they use low flush toilets.
 Comprehensive metering strategy and BMS. So, as we discuss before they have good
building management service department which takes care and supervises all the
different strategies to check the requirements to meet up to BRREAM.
 Interactive screen in reception confirming building energy usage. So, they have a screen
in which tells how much energy it’s been used. So, when it’s exceeding we will can be
alerted immediately to reduce its usage.
 An innovation credit was achieved for the responsible sourcing of materials. More than
>95% of materials used within the construction were responsibly sourced with an ISO
14001 certificate as a minimum. So, the material used for that construction which also
met this ISO standards minimum standard of 14001 building code. So, which added the
points to the BREEAM certification of this building
 Staircase installed within the atria to promote vertical movement without the use of
lifts. So, when you see usually on a tall building usually they keep an escalator or lift in
the central code so, people when they come use the lift. But when the lifts are moved
when the staircase is placed in front people using people are more enraged to use the
staircase rather than using lifts in escalator. Which run on an energies.
THE BREEAM ASSESSMENT

So, for this building one embankment place BREEAM as certified,
Management 100.00%
Transportation 100%. Since mainly it located just below the Charring Cross people would be
more using the charring cross station.
awareness among the employees to use such type of methods and storing and reusing the
materials and dumping the waste also.
ter less urinals and less water fleshing toilets are used
which has given this building a used 83.33% of BREEAM assessment.
BUILDING SERVICES
llers driven by the hot
water generated by two 520 (KWe – electrical output) biodiesel combined heat and power units.
So, they are using majorly two chillier plants which has been access bio fuels which comes from
the waste vegetable oils. So, the source which goes in for the chillers basically very green and it
reduces the impact on the environment.
10
To provide resilience in the system, the capacity of the screw chillers has been sized to maintain
the total peak load of the building via two units, also providing backup in case CCHP is not
operating for maintenance. So, they have one screw chillers for a hotter months which is 1.5 kW
and there is one which is stand by which can be used when their is any problem which is been
happening so they a good backup system which is been maintained by building management
services again. And so this is one of image. So, as you see in the main atrium here there is a
staircase which is provided which encourage the users to access to the office building on the
above floors to use the staircase and rather than prefer lifts and escalator.
-pipe chilled beams

within the office floor plates and the trench heaters system plus the Constant Temperature
LTHW circuit serving all air handling units and fan coil circuits on the floors and the hot water
service generation plant. So, they have four main pipes chilled been which is been to circulated
throw the building to create this to meet to the requirements to the chilled towers. Which is
catering to the air handling unit’s requirements so, this is the image. So, the lobby looks.
GREEN STRATEGY
The different green strategies
entered into a knowledge partnership with London South Bank University. This has resulted in
the bio fuel being certified to EN14214. The collaboration has allowed PwC to run its CHHP
engine with clean carbon neutral fuel, thus reducing the buildings EPC to 11 representing an A
rating. So, the biomass fuel which has been is out sourced by a knowledge transfer program. So,
the new innovation has been used in the building can be given a copy right or transferred as a
knowledge to this another body from the uptown biodiesel. Which maintain these building
chillier units and also uses the same knowledge to develop its further
energy modelling specialist at RIBA stage B to develop options

to achieve the desired BREAM rating of Excellent with an aspiration for Outstanding.
Some of the most commonly-used green rating systems include the following:
BUILDING RATING
TYPE OF STANDARD OR ISSUES/AREAS OF FOCUS
OR
CERTIFICATION SYST CERTIFICATION
EM
1 Rates buildings according to

BCA Green Mark Benchmarking scheme that aims five key criteria:
Scheme (Singapore) to achieve a sustainable built 2 Energy efficiency.

environment by 3 Water efficiency.
MANAGING ORGANISA incorporating best 4 Environmental protection.
TION practices in environmental
design and construction, and
11
the adoption of green building 5 Indoor environmental
Building and Constructio quality.
n Authority (BCA) technologies.
6Other green and innovative f
eatures that contribute to
better building performance.
BREEAM (UK) Certification system is a multi- Assessment uses

tiered process with pre- recognised measures of perfo
assessment, third- rmance, which are set against
party consultant guidance established benchmarks in:
BRE Global through an
1. Energy and water use.
assessment organisation for:
2. Internal
1. New construction.
environment (health and well-
2. Communities. being).
3. In-use buildings. 3. Pollution.
4. Eco-homes. 4. Transport.
5. Materials.
6. Waste.
7. Ecology.
8. Management processes.
EDGE A universal standard and Assessment areas include:

a certification system for residenti
International Finance Co 1 Energy.
al and commercial structures.
rporation (IFC). 2 Water.
3 Materials.
Energy Star (USA) Government certification using Building energy and water
a benchmarking method. use.
U.S. EPA and U.S.
DOE.
Green Globes (USA) Green building guidance and Environmental assessment ar

eas to earn credits in:
assessment program for:
Green Building Initiative 1 Energy.
in the U.S.BOMA
1 Existing buildings. 2 Indoor environment.
Canada.
3 Site.
2 New construction.
4 Water.
5 Resources.
12
6 Emissions.
7 Project / environmental man
agement.
Leadership in Energy Green building rating Performance in: Sustainable s

ites.
and Environmental and certification system through
1 Water efficiency.
Design (LEED) (USA) independent third-
party verification for: 2 Energy & atmosphere.
U.S. Green
3 Materials & resources.
Building Council 1 New Construction (NC).
4 Indoor environmental
2 quality.
Existing Buildings, Operations &
Maintenance (EB O&M). 5 Locations & linkages.
3 Commercial Interiors (CI). 6 Awareness & education.
4 Core & Shell (CS). 7 Innovation in design.
5 Schools (SCH). 8 Regional priority through a

set of prerequisites
6 Retail. and credits.
7 Healthcare (HC).
8 Homes.
9Neighborhood Development
Living Building Performance-based standard, Performance areas include:

and certification programme for:
Challenge (USA) 1 Site.
1 Landscape and infrastructure
2 Water.
International Living projects.
Future Institute 3 Energy.
2Partial renovations and complet
e building renewals. 4 Materials.
3 New building construction. 5 Equity.
4 Neighborhood, campus
and community design.
Pearl Rating System for Green building rating system for: Assessment
of performance in:
Estidama (UAE) 1 Community.
1 Integrated development
2 Buildings.
Abu Dhabi Urban process.
Planning Council 3 Villas.
2 Natural systems.
4 Temporary villas and buildings.
3 Livable communities.
4 Precious water.
5 Resourceful energy.
13
6 Stewarding materials.
7 Innovating practice.
WELL Building Performance- Measures attributes of buildin

based standard and certification p gs that
Standard (USA)
rogramme for new and impact occupant health by
existing buildings. looking at seven factors:
air, water, nourishment, light,
1 New and existing interiors.
Administered by the fitness, comfort,
2 Core and shell retail.
International WELL
3 Education facilities.
Building Institute™
(IWBI) 4 Restaurant
5 Commercial kitchen.
6 Multi-family residential.
GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)
Indigenous Rating system focusing on non air conditioned or partially conditioned buildings
India emphasizing national environmental concerns, regional climatic conditions, and

indigenous solutions by integrating all relevant Indian codes and standards for buildings.
GRIHA stresses on passive techniques.
GRIHA V 3 rating system consists of 34 criteria covering various subjects such as sustainable
site planning, energy and water optimization, sustainable building materials, waste
management and building operations & maintenance. There are bonus points for strategies
implemented over and above the listed GRIHA Criteria.
Eligibility
All buildings, which are in the design stage and have built up area more than 2,500 m2, m2,
which are in the design stage, are eligible for certification under GRIHA. Building types
include but are not limited to offices, retail spaces, institutional buildings, hotels, hospital
buildings, healthcare facilities, residences, and multi-family high-rise buildings.
Criteria and their weightage
GRIHA is a performance-oriented system where points are earned for meeting the design and
performance intent of the criteria. Each criterion has certain points assigned to it. It means
that a project demonstrating compliance with a criterion would achieve the associated points.
14
GRIHA is a 100-point system consisting of some core points, which are mandatory, while the
rest are optional. Different levels of certification (one star to five stars) are awarded based on
the number of points earned. The minimum points required for certification are 50.
15
GRIHA V2019
16
GRIHA V3
Criterion 1 Site Selection
Criterion 2 Preserve and protect landscape during construction/compensatory

depository forestation.
Criterion 3 Soil conservation (post construction)
Criterion 4 Design to include existing site features
Criterion 5 Reduce hard paving on site
Criterion 6 Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency
Criterion 7 Plan utilities efficiently and optimize on-site circulation efficiency
Criterion 8 Provide minimum level of sanitation/safety facilities for construction

workers
Criterion 9 Reduce air pollution during construction
Criterion 10 Reduce landscape water demand
Criterion 11 Reduce building water use
Criterion 12 Efficient water use during construction
Criterion 13 Optimize building design to reduce conventional energy demand
Criterion 14 Optimize energy performance of building within specified comfort limits
Criterion 15 Utilization of fly-ash or equivalent industrial/agricultural waste as

recommended by BIS in building structures
Criterion 16 Reduce embodied energy of construction is reduced by adopting material

efficient technologies and/or low-energy materials
Criterion 17 Use low-energy materials in Interiors
Criterion 18 Renewable energy utilization
Criterion 19 Renewable energy based hot water system
Criterion 20 Waste water treatment
Criterion 21 Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater)
Criterion 22 Reduction in waste during construction
Criterion 23 Efficient Waste segregation
17
Criterion 1 Site Selection
Criterion 24 Storage and disposal of wastes
Criterion 25 Resource recovery from waste
Criterion 26 Use of low-VOC paints/adhesives/sealants
Criterion 27 Minimize ozone depleting substances
Criterion 28 Ensure water quality
Criterion 29 Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels
Criterion 30 Tobacco and smoke control
Criterion 31 Provide at least the minimum level of accessibility for persons with
disabilities
Criterion 32 Energy audit and validation
Criterion 33 Operation and Maintenance
Criterion 34 Innovation Points
Source: GRIHA Manual
Rating Process
 Online registration: The project team can initiate the registration process by filling
the EOI Form available on the GRIHA website. The process of registration is
completed after the successful payment of registration fees by the project team. Once
the project is registered, the project team is provided with a username and password
for submitting the documentation on the GRIHA online panel.
 Orientation workshop: The registration is followed by an orientation workshop

conducted by GRIHA Council officials, which intends to provide detailed information
of the rating along with an elaborate explanation to all the criteria, and post
addressing project-specific queries of the teams.
 Due diligence I: The site visit shall be conducted by GRIHA Council officials to
validate sustainable measures adopted during the construction phase. It will be
scheduled post the project has reached its plinth level.
 Due diligence II: The second site visit shall be conducted by the GRIHA Council
officials to validate internal finishes, electrical, plumbing, and mechanical
18
components installed during the construction phase. It is scheduled post completion of
the building structure work.
 Submission of documents: As the project is nearing completion, the project

proponent will upload the documents for all criteria on the online panel using the
username and password provided at the time of registration.
 Preliminary evaluation: Preliminary evaluation is carried out by a team of

professionals from GRIHA Council and external evaluators, who are experts in their
respective fields recognized by GRIHA Council.
 Final due diligence: The final site visit shall be conducted by the GRIHA Council
officials to verify the submitted documentation with on-site implementation. The visit
is done once the project is complete and all equipment and systems are installed and
commissioned.
 Final evaluation: The GRIHA Council officials along with external evaluators shall
then evaluate the final round of submitted documentation and the final site visit report
in response to the preliminary evaluation. The final rating is awarded based on the
final evaluation and is valid up to 5 years.
 Additional due diligence Green awareness drive: The GRIHA Council conducts an
additional due diligence visit post the final rating, for green awareness and education
amongst project occupants. This visit aims to impart basic knowledge and
understanding on green buildings and their way of working.
 Rating renewal: There are two ways in which the rating can be renewed and the
project gets to enjoy the perks of being called a rated building. This can be done either
by submitting an audit data report (over a span of three consecutive years) comprising
energy, water, and waste (report to be prepared by BEE-certified energy auditor), or
by enrolling the project for GRIHA EB rating to maintain its certification for the next
cycle of 5 years.
19
Building typology
REFER THE GRIHA MANUAL FOR DETAILED CRITERIA POINTS IN LMS
GRIHA evaluation process

The buildings shall be evaluated and rated in a three-tier process. The process that would be
followed has been explained previously. The GRIHA team shall first review the mandatory
criteria and reject a project in the event of non-compliance with such criteria. The team shall
then check the documentation submitted for the optional criteria. The checking is done by the
GRIHA team to ensure that all templates and drawings are filled-in and to ensure that the
documentation is complete in all respects (for the attempted criteria). All documents shall be
checked and vetted through the appraisal process as outlined by GRIHA. The GRIHA team
compiles the fi rst evaluation report and sends to the client. The client is then required to
resubmit details as requested for by the Secretariat in the first evaluation report. The
documentation shall now be sent to the GRIHA evaluators comprising of renowned sector
experts from landscape architecture, lighting and HVAC design, renewable energy, water and
waste management, and building materials. The evaluators shall vet the documentation and
independently review the documents for the award of points. The evaluator shall award
provisional points (if documentation is in order as per his/her evaluation) and also comment on
specific criteria, if need be. The evaluation report shall be sent to the project proponent to
review the same and, if desired, take steps to increase the score. The report shall elaborate on
the results of the evaluation committee along with its comments. The report shall also list the
criteria for which the documentation is incomplete/inadequate/inconsistent, detailing all the
required information. The client shall then be given one month to resubmit the document with
necessary modifications. The resubmitted report should comprise only of additional
documents/information desired in the evaluation report, which shall again be put through the
20
vetting process as described above. The evaluation committee shall then award the final score,
which shall be presented to an advisory committee comprising of eminent personalities and
renowned professionals in the field for approval and award of rating. Provisional rating is
awarded that is converted to final confirmed rated on meeting compliance as per Criterion 32.
The rating shall be valid for a period of five years from the date of commissioning of the
building. GRIHA reserves the right to undertake a random audit of any criteria for which points
have been awarded.
CASE STUDIES OF GRIHA REGISTERED/RATED BUILDINGS
CASE STUDY 1: Common Wealth Games Village, New Delhi Project
Management/Project In-charge Maj Gen (Retd)
A K Singh Design / Architect (In-house) Mr Nishant Sabharwal GRIHA Facilitator Mr Devendra Mahajan
Ms Swati Mahashabdey Architect Sikka Associates – Mr Raman Sikka Landscape consultant Integral
Designs: Mr Samir Mathur MEP consultant Spectral: Mr Sanjay Piplani Energy consultant TERI The
Common Wealth Games 2010 is being scheduled to be held in the capital city of New Delhi.
The games village shall accommodate the players during the games and shall be occupied by individual
private homeowners after the games. A 47.3 hectare (118 acre) picturesque site has been selected on
the banks of holy river Yamuna for the purpose of construction of the games village.
The project site is within the immediate vicinity of heritage monuments and historical landmarks,
combined with dense green natural covers on the sides.
2.1.1 Site and landscape the proposed development consists of 4000 bedrooms spread across 34
towers varying in heights (such as; 7 storeys to 9 storeys high). The proposed apartment blocks have
been arranged on site in a way so as to create visual links with heritage sites in the vicinity. The topsoil
of the entire excavated site has been collected and stored separately and special measures have been
taken for soil stabilization, such as- stockpiling, mulching, and so on. Pervious paving has been
provided extensively on the site. All the service lines and utility corridors on the site are well
aggregated and ensure minimum disruption during future maintenance work.
2.1.2 Health and well-being the sanitation/safety facilities for the construction workers have been
provided as per National Building Code 2005. These include provision of clean and hygienic
accommodation, toilet facilities, purified drinking water, general store, a subsidized canteen, medical
facilities, day care centre and onsite safety equipment, and so on. Significant measures have been
taken to reduce air pollution during construction, such as – site roads are regularly sprayed with water;
wheels of all vehicles are washed, and so on
2.1.3 Water efficient landscaping is being practiced to minimize post construction water usage. This is
being done by providing native species, efficient irrigation systems and by limiting lawn areas. The
building water consumption also has been reduced by use of high efficiency low-flow fixtures. The
construction water management on site is very efficient in terms of reuse of waste water and less
utilization of potable water in construction.
21
2.1.4 Building design and energy The building design has also included the existing site
features, such as, the visual linkages with historical monuments, solar geometry, and so on.
Due to high density planning requirements, the design did not permit optimum orientation for
all apartment blocks. As a result, the apartment blocks have equal exposure towards all cardinal
directions. However, the critical facades are shaded and have high performance glazing to
negate impact of direct incident radiation. The buildings are fully compliant with the Energy
Conservation Building Code 2007. Several energy effi ciency measures such as roof insulation,
high performance glazing, energy effi cient lighting and variable refrigerant volume (VRV)
22
based air conditioning system have been provided to reduce the energy consumption of the
apartments significantly.
2.1.5 Renewable energy Solar photovoltaic system has been proposed to meet 10% of total
energy requirements for internal lighting. 31% of outdoor lighting has been provided through
solar energy. Solar hot water systems have been provided to meet part of water heating needs.
2.1.6 Other features Waste water recycling and solid waste management for the entire campus
has been planned by the Delhi Jal Board at a macro level for the village as well as adjoining
properties
CASE STUDY 2 Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering building (CESE) at
IIT, Kanpur
Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering Building at IIT, Kanpur has been taken as
an example to illustrate how the building attempted various GRIHA criteria to make it into a
green building.
Sustainable site planning

In order to minimize impact of site development on the environment and surroundings, several
best practice guidelines were adopted like demarcation of site for construction, installation
dust screen around the disturbed area to prevent air pollution and spillage to undisturbed site
area. Top soil was excavated, stored and preserved outside the disturbed construction site.
Erosion control systems were adopted and several trees on site were protected. To increase
the perviousness of site and to reduce heat island eff ect caused due to hard paving around
23
the building, total paving around the building was restricted to 17%, and more than 50% of the
paving is either pervious or shaded by trees. Irrigation water demand has been reduced by
more than 50% in comparison to GRIHA benchmark. Adequate health and safety measures
related to construction were taken.
Water conservation
There are two ways of conserving water during post construction and after the building is
occupied.
One is landscape water demand and second is building water demand. In this building,
reduction in landscape water demand by more than 50% was achieved by use of minimum
grass/lawn area, maximum green area under native vegetation and native trees. Low flow
plumbing fixtures are used in the building resulting in reduced water consumption from
GRIHA’s benchmark by 62%.Waste water is treated and reused for irrigation. Rain water
harvesting system has been designed.
Conservation and efficient utilization of resource: energy

Maximum points weightage in GRIHA is given for energy conservation. The criteria and
commitment for energy conservation could be divided into three parts.
a. Energy: end use
b. Energy: embodied and construction
c. Energy: Renewable energy utilization
Energy: end use

The objective is to reduce annual energy consumption of the building. This has been
achieved in CESE building at IIT, Kanpur by adopting following strategies.
1. Architectural design optimized as per the climate of Kanpur, sun path analysis,
predominant wind direction, and existing vegetation.
24
2. Optimized building envelope to comply with the Energy Conservation Building Code, to
reduce cooling load in the air conditioned spaces and to achieve thermal comfort in the non-
air conditioned areas.
3. Efficient window design by selecting efficient glazing, external shading to reduce solar
heat gain but at the same time achieve glare free natural daylight inside all the laboratory
spaces of the building.
4. Roof shaded by bamboo trellis and green cover to reduce external solar heat gains from
the roof.
5. Common circulation areas are day lit and naturally ventilated through integration of
skylights and ventilators.
6. Selection of water cooled chiller that complies with the efficiency recommended by the
Energy Conservation Building Code.
7. Variable Frequency Drive installed in the Air Handling Units (AHUs).
8. Low energy strategies such as replacement of water cooler by water body to cool the
condenser water loop, integration of thermal energy storage and earth air tunnels enabled
reduction in chiller capacity.
9. Integration of energy efficient lighting design that complies to the recommendations of
ECBC.
10. Integration of daylight with artificial lighting.
11. Optimized architectural design and integration of energy efficient fixtures has resulted in
the reduction in annual energy consumption by 41% from GRIHA’s benchmark.
Energy: embodied and construction

GRIHA encourages replacement of high energy intensive materials with low energy intensive
materials, to utilize regionally available materials, materials which use low energy in their
manufacturing process. Following are the measures incorporated at CESE building, IIT,
Kanpur:
1. Portland Pozzolona Cement (PPC) with fl y-ash content is used in plaster and masonry
mortar.
2. Wood for doors is procured from commercially managed forests. Modular furniture made
from particle board is used for interiors.
Energy: renewable energy utilization

Following are the measures incorporated at CESE building, IIT, Kanpur to integrate
renewable sources of energy with the building:
1. Renewable energy from photovoltaic panels provide annual energy requirements
equivalent to 30% of internal lighting connected load.
2. Hot water demand is met by solar hot water system.
25
SAR5622_GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS
FACULTY: AR.SHEETAL AMRAOTKAR
UNIT II
STUDY OF IGBC RATING
IGBC
An Overview of the Indian Green Building Council Rating

System
Green building refers to both a structure and the using of

processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-
efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to
design , construction, operation , maintenance, renovation
and demolition.
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) does the Green Building

Certification in India.
Green Buildings – Rating System
GREEN BUILDINGS
Rating New Construction
Sustainable
Sites (SS) Certified 40-49
Water Efficiency
Silver 50-59
(WE)
Energy & Gold 60-79
Atmosphere (EA)
Platinum 80 & Above
Materials &
Resources (MR)
Green Buildings
Indoor
Environmental 110 Points
Quality (IEQ)
Innovation in Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy &
(SS ) (WR) Atmosphere(EA)
Design
Process(ID) 26 Points 10 Points 35 Points
Regional
Priority(RP) Indoor
Materials & Innovation in
Environmental
Resources (MR) Design (ID)
Quality (IEQ)
14 Points 6 Points
15 Points
Regional
Source: Priority(RP)
IGBC – Indian Green Building
Council 4 Points
SUSTAINABLE SITES
‘Sustainable Sites’ is about adopting Sustainable principles at
the Site Level .Emphasizing on the site selection ,Connectivity
to the Site & from the site.
Sustainable Sites
SUSTAINABLE SITES
Construction
•The design process evolves from the site .
Activity pollution •Sustainability & adapting sustainable principles should be started
prevention –Pre right from the site
requisite
Site Selection IGBC allotted points
Development
density &
Community
Sustainable sites
Connectivity
Brownfield (Total - 26 points)
redevelopment
Alternative Construction Development
transportation Activity pollution
Site Selection -1
Density &
 Site prevention –Pre Community
Requisite Connectivity-5
development
Storm water
Brownfield Alternative Site
design Redevelopment- transportation Development
Heat island 1 1-12 1-2
Effect
Light Pollution
Storm water Heat Island
Light Pollution
design Effect
Source: 1
IGBC – Indian Green Building 1-2 1-2
Council
SUSTAINABLE SITES
PREREQUISITE
Construction Controlling Soil erosion -
Activity pollution Landscaping temporary &
prevention –Pre
permanent to prevent soil
requisite
Site Selection erosion .
Development Sedimentation control
density & Control airborne dust
Community generation
Connectivity --- Exposed soils on a construction site
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site
development
Storm water
design
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution
Source:
Council
SUSTAINABLE SITES Preventing Soil Erosion & Sedimentation Control Measures
Construction
Activity pollution
prevention –Pre
requisite
Site Selection
Development
density &
Community
Connectivity
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site
development
Storm water
design
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution 1 minimize disturbance, 2 diversion devices, 3 sediment barriers, 4 secure
stockpiles, 5 other containments, 6 early stormwater connection, 7 controlled
Source: access point
Council
SUSTAINABLE SITES SITE SELECTION
Construction
Activity pollution Inappropriate sites must not be selected, which includes
prevention –Pre farm land , habitat to endangered species ,proximity to wet
requisite lands , site prone to floods.
Site Selection
Development
density &
Community
Connectivity
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site Farm land
development
Storm water
design
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution
Source:
Council
SITE SELECTION requirements
The first credit is part of the integrative process and logically deals with
determining existing site conditions.
This credit requires that the natural conditions be evaluated and
include:
1. Topography - Contour mapping and slope stability risks.
2. Hydrology - Flood hazard areas, delineated wetlands and other
bodies of water
3. Climate - Solar exposure, heat island effect potential, sun angles,
winds, precipitation and temperature
4. Vegetation - Plant types, tree mapping, threatened or endangered
species, and unique habitat
5. Soils - prime farmland, healthy soils, previous development,
disturbed soils
6. Human use - Views, transportation infrastructure, adjacent
properties and materials effects
7. Human health effects Proximity of vulnerable populations, and
proximity to sources of air pollution
SUSTAINABLE SITES DEVELOPMENT DENSITY
Construction
Activity pollution Development density & community connectivity
prevention –Pre Development density - density of 60,000sq ft/acre both
requisite with in & outside the site (FAR/FSI – 1.38) with in a certain
Site Selection radius (3 √(site area in acres X 43560 )
Development Empty site area within the radius has to be considered
density & Public places , roads with in the radius need not be
Community
considered in calculating the density.
Connectivity
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site
development
Storm water
design
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution
Source:
Council
Concept of FAR
SUSTAINABLE SITES COMMUNITY CONNECTIVITY
Construction
Activity pollution •10 basic amenities with in 0.5 miles radius with pedestrian
prevention –Pre access
requisite
Site Selection
Development
density &
Community
Connectivity
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site
development
Storm water
design
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution
Source:
Council Proximity to Basic amenities from the Site
SUSTAINABLE SITES BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT
Construction Rehabilitation of damaged sites before
Activity pollution construction
prevention –Pre
requisite
Site Selection
Development
density &
Community
Connectivity
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site Redevelopment of a Brownfield
development
Storm water
design
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution
Source:
Council Domestic waste dumped in a vacant Land
SUSTAINABLE SITES ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION
Construction Main motive to reduce pollution
Activity pollution •Building within 400 m (½ mile ) walk of Railway transport
prevention –Pre station & 1 or more bus stops for 2 or more bus lines.
requisite
•Rikshaw /cab /van facility within a 400m walk.
Site Selection
Development
density &
Community
Connectivity
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site
development
Storm water
design
Heat island
Effect Bicycle storage& changing room facility
Light Pollution •Secure Bicycle racks /storage within or 200m of building’s entrance for
Source:
5% or more of all building users (at peak periods)
IGBC – Indian Green Building •Shower & changing room facilities with in the building , or 200m of
Council
building’s entrance ,for 0.5 % of full time equivalent (FTE) occupants.
Building footprint is the area defined by
the perimeter of the building plan. Non-building facilities such as
pavements and landscaping are not included.
Development footprint is the area of the site including

pavements, parking, landscaping, roads and other facilities as well
as the building. It is essentially all alterations done to the site.
Property boundary is the total area within the legal boundaries of

the site.
Full Time Equivalent (FTE)

Many prerequisites and credits require an estimated occupancy
count and LEED accomplishes this through FTE calculations. One
FTE is equal to a 40-hour work week. Thus if the sum of all ‘people-
hours’ spent in the building over a week is 4000, we divide this be
40 to equal an estimated 100 FTEs in this building.
SUSTAINABLE SITES ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION
Construction •Usage of Low emitting & fuel efficient vehicles
Activity pollution •Preferred parking for low emitting & fuel efficient vehicles
prevention –Pre •Electric charging/liquid or gaseous fuelling facilities should be
requisite
installed.
Site Selection
Development
•Provide AFV(Alternate Fuel Vehicle) for 3% of FTE full time
density & equivalent vehicle occupants
Community •Provide Low emitting or fuel efficient vehicle sharing program.
Connectivity
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site
development
Storm water
design
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution Parking facility
Provide parking capacity to meet ,but not exceed the standards
Source:
set by the regulation.
Council Preferred parking for carpools/vanpools/bike pools
SUSTAINABLE SITES SITE DEVELOPMENT
Construction Conserve existing Natural areas & restore damaged areas in the
Activity pollution site
prevention –Pre Protect or Restore Habitat
requisite
Green Field Sites
Site Selection
Development
Limit all site disturbance to the following parameters
density & •40 feet beyond the building perimeter
Community •10 feet beyond surface walkways, patios, surface parking
Connectivity •15 feet beyond primary roadway curbs and main utility branch
Brownfield trenches
redevelopment •25 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable surfaces.
Alternative
transportation
Previously developed or graded sites
 Site
development
•Protect or restore 50% of site(excluding building foot print)
Storm water •20% of the total site area(including building foot print)
design
Heat island Maximize open space
Effect •Conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to
Light Pollution provide habitat & promote bio diversity
•Open space must exceed Local zoning requirements by 25 %
Source:
IGBC – Indian Green Building •Vegetated open space should be equal to 20 % of the project
Council
site area.
SUSTAINABLE SITES STORM WATER DESIGN
Construction Storm Water Design Intent
Activity pollution To limit disruption of natural hydrology Onsite infiltration,
prevention –Pre eliminating pollution from storm water run off and
requisite
contaminants.
Site Selection
Development
Quality control
density & Imperiousness = Surface area X Run-off co efficient
Community The intent is to limit disruption & pollution of natural water
Connectivity flows by managing storm water run off.
Brownfield Sites with existing Imperviousness ≤50 %
redevelopment •Post development peak discharge should not exceed pre
Alternative development discharge.
transportation
Sites with existing Imperviousness >50 %
 Site
development
•Should achieve 25 % decrease in volume of storm water run
Storm water off.
design
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution
Source:
Council
SUSTAINABLE SITES HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
Construction To minimize impacts on micro climate
Activity pollution Non Roof
prevention –Pre •Shade from the existing trees or within 5 years of landscape
requisite
installation.
Site Selection
Development
•Shade from solar panels
density & Shade from roof surfaces having SRI≥29
Community •Use a open grid pavement system ≥50 % pervious
Connectivity
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site
development
Storm water
design
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution
Source:
Council
SUSTAINABLE SITES HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
Construction Non Roof
Activity pollution •Minimum of 50% of the parking under cover
prevention –Pre Roof
requisite
•Vegetated roof ≥50% of roof area,
Site Selection
Development
•Installing high albedo and vegetated roof in combination.
density &
Community
Connectivity
Brownfield
redevelopment
Alternative
transportation
 Site
development
Storm water
design 75 % or more of the roof surface
Heat island With the following SRI
Effect Roof Type Slope SRI
Light Pollution
Low sloped roof ≤2:12(15%) 78
Source:
IGBC – Indian Green Building Steep sloped roof >2:12(15%) 29
Council
SUSTAINABLE SITES LIGHT POLLUTION
Construction Light pollution is brightening of the night sky caused by street
Activity pollution lights and other man-made sources, which has a disruptive effect
prevention –Pre on natural cycles and inhibits the observation of stars and planets.
requisite
Site Selection
Development
Auto cut off at least 50 % non – emergency lights between 11 pm
density & & 5 am
Community All openings in the envelope (translucent or transparent) should
Connectivity be shielded (manual or automatic between 11pm & 5 am )
Brownfield Parking areas – 0.15w/sft
redevelopment Walkways – 1w/linear foot(rft)(<10 feet width)
Alternative
transportation
Walkways – 2w/sft(>10 feet width)
 Site
development
Façade & landscape
Storm water .2 w/sft or 5w/linear foot.
design Light Pollution.mp4
Heat island
Effect
Light Pollution
Source:
Council
Lighting Zones created by the Model Lighting
Ordinance:
Determine the project’s lighting zone according to
the requirements of IESNA RP-33 as follows:
1. LZ0 – No Ambient Lighting
2. LZ1 - Dark (park and rural settings)
3. LZ2 - Low (residential areas and neighborhood
business districts)
4. LZ3 - Medium (commercial/industrial and high
density residential)
5. LZ4 - High (major city centers and entertainment
districts
WATER EFFECIENCY
Water Efficiency aims at Efficient Use of water
Reduce , Reuse & Replenish water resource .
WATER EFFECIENCY Water Efficiency
Approach towards water efficiency has to be
Water use
reduction ,20% –
•Reduce
Pre Requisite •Recycle/reuse
Rain water •Recharge
harvesting – Pre
IGBC allotted points
Requisite
Water Efficient
Landscaping WATER EFFECIENCY(10)
Innovative
Waste Water
treatment and Water Use Rain water
reuse Reduction,20% Harvesting
Water Use
Reduction,30 %-
(Pre Requisite) (Pre Requisite)
40%
Water Efficient Innovative waste
landscaping water Treatment
(2-4) (2)
Water use
reduction ,
Source:
30-40% (2-4)
Council
GLOSSARY
Graywater (or greywater)- domestic wastewater from bathroom and laundry

sinks, tubs, showers and washers. The Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
defines gray water as untreated household wastewater that has not come in
contact with toilet waste;
International Plumbing Code (IPC) defines graywater as wastewater

discharged from lavatories, bathtubs, showers, clothes washers and laundry
sinks. Most states will not allow
kitchen sinks or dishwashers to be included with graywater.
Blackwater- wastewater from toilets and urinals. Most jurisdictions consider

water from kitchen sinks and
dishwashers to be blackwater and it cannot be reused
Process water- water used for industrial processes and building systems
such as boilers, cooling towers and
chillers
Stormwater runoff- runoff water resulting from precipitation that flows over
surfaces, and conventionally into
storm sewers or waterways
Water Efficiency
WATER EFFECIENCY
Water use Water use reduction
reduction,20% – Intent – To Increase water
Pre Requisite efficiency within buildings
Rain water to reduce the burden on
harvesting – Pre
municipal water supply and
Requisite
Water Efficient
waste water systems
Landscaping By employing strategies to
Innovative Reduce the water use by
Waste Water 20% than the water use
treatment and baseline.
reuse
Water Use *At design water pressure: 4 bar
Reduction,30 %- **At design water pressure: 5 bar
40%
Fixture Type Baseline
Flow rates
Water Closets(LPF) 6.0
Urinals (LPF) 4.0
Lavatory facuets(LPM)* 2.0
Shower heads(LPM)** 9.5 Bio Blocks for
Source:
IGBC – Indian Green Building Urinals
Council
Water less urinals
WATER EFFECIENCY Rain water Harvesting
To increase the ground water table or to reduce the usage of water
Water use
reduction,20% –
through effective and appropriate rainwater management.
Pre Requisite
Rain water Provide rainwater harvesting or storage system to capture atleast 50%
harvesting – Pre of the runoff volumes from the roof and non roof surfaces.
requisite The storage volumes designed should cater to atleast 2-3 days of
Water Efficient rainfall.
Landscaping
Innovative
Waste Water Rain water Harvesting
treatment and
reuse
Water Use
Reduction,30 %-
40%
Source:
Council
WATER EFFECIENCY Water Efficient Landscaping
Water use To eliminate or limit the use of potable water
reduction,20%– •Reduce by 50% potable water consumption for irrigation by selecting
Pre Requisite the right species
Rain water •Efficient irrigation
harvesting – Pre •Use of captured rainwater, recycled waste water.
requisite •Xeriscaping
Water Efficient Include landscaping which do not require permanent irrigation system.
Landscaping
•Limit Turf Area, 20%, 30%, 40%
Innovative
Waste Water
treatment and
reuse
Water Use
Reduction,30 %-
40%
Drought Tolerant
Species, 30%, 40%
Xeriscaping
Source:
Council
WATER EFFECIENCY Innovative Waste water treatment and reuse
Water use Intent - To reduce waste water generation & potable water demand
reduction,20% – while increasing the local aquifer recharge.
Pre Requisite •Treat 100% waste water on site & the Treated water must be
Rain water infiltrated or used on site (OR)
harvesting – Pre Use treated waste water or captured rain water
requisite - Atleast 50 % of air conditioning make up
Water Efficient - Atleast 50 % of building sewage conveyance.
Landscaping
Use of Dual plumbing line.
Innovative
Waste Water
treatment and
reuse
Water Use
Reduction,30 %-
40% Reed Bed Treatment
Somerton reed bed.mp4 Root Zone treatment
Reed bed treatment Root Zone Treatment.AVI.mp4
Sewage/ effluent passes horizontally through a bed of soil or gravel
media.
Common reeds (phragmites australis) grown on the bed.
Source: Root Zone treatment
Council Common plants used canna,cyperus,colosia ,plumeria,pisonia,etc.
WATER EFFECIENCY Water Use Reduction
Water use Water use reduction
reduction,20% – Reduce water consumption with respect to the base line
Pre Requisite Flow requirements to be atleast 30% better than the baseline.
Rain water Ultra low flow fixtures
harvesting – Pre Use of aerators
requisite Variant pressure bar
Water Efficient
Landscaping Water Reduction Points
Innovative
Waste Water
treatment and 30% 2
reuse
Water Use
35% 3
Reduction,30 %-
40%
40% 4
Source:
Council
Aerators
ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE
Reducing the Energy Demand by adapting efficient design
principles & effective use of renewable source of power .
Energy generating electricity
from fossil fuel such as natural gas, oil and coal negatively affects the
environment throughout its life cycle. The damage begins with
extraction and transportation, followed by refining and distribution and
concluding with consumption (burning).
The core of the Energy and Atmosphere category addresses the

following topics:
Energy demand
Energy efficiency
Renewable energy
Ongoing energy performance
Commissioning
Commissioning is a process used to verify that the project’s energy related
systems were installed, calibrated and are performing according to the
owner’s project requirements, basis of design and construction
documents. Commissioning ensures that the building owner gets the
performance out of the efficient systems.
ENERGY &
ATMOSPHERE Energy & Atmosphere
Fundamental
Building System
Commissioning – Pre IGBC allotted points
Requisite.
Minimum Energy
Performance – Pre
Requisite Energy & Atmosphere
Fundamental (Total - 35 points)
Refrigerant
Management- Pre
Requisite. Fundamental Minimum Energy Fundamental
Building System Performance- Refrigerant
Optimize Energy
Commissioning– Pre Requisite Management –
Performance Pre Requisite Pre Requisite
On-Site Renewable
Energy
Optimize energy On-Site Enhanced
Enhanced performance Commissioning
Renewable Energy
Commissioning 1-19 2
1-7
Enhanced
Refrigerant
Enhanced
Management Refrigerant
Measurement &
Green Power
Measurement & Verification
Management 2
Verification 3
2
Green Power.
Source:
Council
ENERGY & INTRODUCTION
ATMOSPHERE
Fundamental
Building System 10% Air Conditioning
Commissioning – Pre
Requisite.
Minimum Energy
15% Area Lights
Performance – Pre
Requisite 60% Misc. Equipments
15%
Fundamental
Refrigerant
Management- Pre
Ventilation Fans
Requisite.
Optimize Energy Break up of Energy consumption in a
Performance building
Energy
Enhanced Glazing Conduction
Commissioning Internal gains
Enhanced
Refrigerant Roof Conduction
Management Wall Conduction
Measurement &
Verification
Green Power.
Heat Gain through Various Building parts
Source:
Council
ENERGY & APPROACH
ATMOSPHERE
Orientation
Fundamental
Building System
Envelope Measures
Commissioning – Pre - Wall, glazing, fenestration, Shading , Skylight, Roof.
Requisite. Equipments & Systems
Minimum Energy - Chiller , Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), Lighting
Performance – Pre Controls
Requisite
Fundamental
- Building Management System (BMS), Humidity
Refrigerant Commissioning
Management- Pre -Additional Commissioning, Measurement & Verification(M&V)
Requisite.
Optimize Energy Orientation
Performance
•Orientation of building is done
Energy based on the climatic zone , Sun
Enhanced Path and the requirement of
Commissioning Heat Gain/Heat Loss.
Enhanced •Buffer South and West
Refrigerant
exposures by garages, utility
Management
Measurement & rooms , etc. to avoid direct
Verification exposure to the main activity
Green Power. zones.
Source:
Council
Envelope Measures
ENERGY & - Wall, glazing, fenestration, Shading , Skylight, Roof.
ATMOSPHERE
Fundamental
Building System
Requisite.
Minimum Energy
Performance – Pre
Requisite
Fundamental
Refrigerant
Management- Pre Use of High performance glass & glazing
Requisite. •Low U Value
Optimize Energy Typical U Value
Performance Single glazed glass (6mm) :5-6
Energy
High Performance glass :1.7-3.0
Enhanced (6mm+air gap+6mm)
Commissioning •Low Shading Coefficient
Enhanced Heat gain through a given glazing / heat
Refrigerant gain through 3mm clear glass(0.87)
Management
Measurement &
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
Verification Single Glazed 6mm glass : 0.5 -0.8
Green Power. High Performance Glass : 0.1-0.4
Source: Relative Heat gain (RHG) = Direct heat gain + Conductive heat gain
Council •High VLT (Visual Light Transmittance)
ENERGY & Equipment & System
ATMOSPHERE
Fundamental Chiller Coefficient Of Performance (COP) should be higher in
Building System Air Conditioning systems
Commissioning – Pre Variable Frequency drive (VFD) for supply & return fans and pumps
Requisite.
Minimum Energy
Use of Heat recovery wheels, Economisers.
Performance – Pre Controls & Building Management Systems
Requisite
Fundamental
Refrigerant
Management- Pre
Requisite.
Optimize Energy
Performance
Energy
Enhanced
Commissioning Life Cycle cost for AC systems Conventional Vapour Compression
Enhanced
Cycle
Refrigerant
Management COP : Amount of Heat to be taken out / Amount of work required
Measurement & Carrier Heat Recovery Chillers.mp4
Verification
Green Power.
Source:
Council
ENERGY & Equipment & System
ATMOSPHERE Wind Tower
Fundamental Advantage
Building System Requires little / no energy
Commissioning – Pre Good Indoor Air quality(Fresh air entry) but the performance
Requisite.
Minimum Energy
depends on the Wind availability.
Performance – Pre Geo Thermal System
Requisite
Fundamental
Refrigerant
Management- Pre
Requisite.
Optimize Energy
Performance
Energy
Enhanced
Commissioning
Enhanced Earth Tunnel Air Conditioning
Refrigerant Earth below 4m
Management Cooler – During Summer
Measurement & Warmer – During Winter
Verification
Green Power.
Lighting
Source: Overall lighting density:<1.0 w/sq.ft.
Council
ENERGY & Controls
ATMOSPHERE
Fundamental Building Management System
Building System Capabilities of Building Management System
Commissioning – Pre •Centralized Control
Requisite.
Minimum Energy
•Monitor
Performance – Pre •On Line interaction
Requisite - Chillers
Fundamental - Pumps
Refrigerant - Fans
Management- Pre
Requisite.
- Lighting
Optimize Energy •Measurement & Verification
Performance •Data generation & Updating
Energy Commissioning
Enhanced
Commissioning
Enhanced Best of equipment , systems , controls may be in place
Refrigerant - No savings if not commissioned
Management Can result in 5 – 10 % savings
Measurement & - Especially if carried out by III party
Verification
Green Power.
Source:
Council
ENERGY & Fundamental Building System Commissioning – Pre Requisite
ATMOSPHERE
Fundamental INTENT
Building System To verify that the project’s energy – related systems are installed ,
Commissioning – and calibrated to perform according to the owner’s project
Pre Requisite. requirement , basis of design and construction document.
Minimum Energy
Performance – Pre
Requisite Minimum Energy performance - Pre requisite
Fundamental
Refrigerant INTENT
Management- Pre To establish the maximum level of energy efficiency for the proposed
Requisite.
Optimize Energy
building and systems to reduce environmental & economic impacts
Performance associated with the excessive energy use.
Energy Energy Modeling
Enhanced Process loads
Commissioning
Enhanced
-Office and general miscellaneous equipment
Refrigerant -Computers
Management -Elevators and escalators
Measurement & -Kitchen cooking and refrigeration
Verification -Laundry washing and drying
Green Power.
Source:
-Lighting
IGBC – Indian Green Building Process loads to be at least 25% of total energy cost of building.
Council
ENERGY &
ATMOSPHERE
Non Process Loads
HVAC
Fundamental
Building System -Chillers , Fans, pumps , Toilet exhaust, parking garage ventilation ,
Commissioning – Pre kitchen hood exhaust ,etc.
Requisite. -Service water heating
Minimum Energy LIGHTING
Performance – Pre
-Interior
Requisite
Fundamental -Exterior
Refrigerant
Management- Pre COMFORT TEMPRATURE
Requisite. 26±2°C.
Optimize Energy
Performance
On-Site Renewable Fundamental Refrigerant Management– Pre Requisite
Energy
Enhanced INTENT
Commissioning To reduce atmospheric ozone depletion
Enhanced
Refrigerant
Management REQUREMENT
Measurement & No use of CFC based refrigerants for HVAC systems
Verification
Green Power. SUBSTITUTES
Source:
IGBC – Indian Green Building HCFC 123, HFC134a, HFC143a
Council
ENERGY &
ATMOSPHERE Optimize Energy Performance
Fundamental
Building System INTENT
Commissioning – Pre To achieve increasing levels of energy performance beyond the pre
Requisite.
Minimum Energy
requisite standard to reduce environmental and economic impacts
Performance – Pre associated with the excessive energy use.
Requisite
Fundamental REQUIREMENT
Refrigerant -Percentage improvement in the proposed building performance
Management- Pre
Requisite.
Baseline building as per
Optimize Energy ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2007
Performance
On-Site Renewable New Building Renovated
Energy Reduction in design Building (%)
Points
Enhanced energy cost (%)
Commissioning
Enhanced 12 8 1
Refrigerant 14 10 2
Management
16 12 3
Measurement &
Verification 18 14 4
Green Power.
20 16 5
Source:
Council
ENERGY &
ATMOSPHERE Optimize Energy Performance
Fundamental
New Building Renovated
Building System
Reduction in design Building (%)
Points
Requisite. energy cost (%)
Minimum Energy 22 18 6
Performance – Pre
Requisite 24 20 7
Fundamental 26 22 8
Refrigerant
28 24 9
Management- Pre
Requisite. 30 26 10
Optimize Energy
32 28 11
Performance
On-Site Renewable 34 30 12
Energy 36 32 13
Enhanced
Commissioning 38 34 14
Enhanced 40 36 15
Refrigerant
Management 42 38 16
Measurement & 44 40 17
Verification
Green Power. 46 42 18
Source: 48 44 19
Council
ENERGY &
ATMOSPHERE On- Site Renewable Energy
Fundamental
Commissioning – Pre To encourage and recognize the increasing levels of On – Site
Requisite.
Minimum Energy
Renewable energy. Self supply to reduce environmental and
Performance – Pre economical impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use.
Requisite
Fundamental
Refrigerant Use of Renewable Points
Management- Pre Energy (%)*
Requisite. 1 1
Optimize Energy
Performance 3 2
On-Site
5 3
Renewable Energy
Enhanced 7 4
Commissioning
Enhanced 9 5
Refrigerant 11 6
Management
Measurement & 13 7
Verification
Green Power.
Source: * % of Total energy Consumption
Council
ENERGY & Enhanced Commissioning
ATMOSPHERE
Fundamental INTENT
Building System
To begin the commissioning process early in the design process and
Requisite. execute additional activities after system’s performance verification
Minimum Energy is completed.
Performance – Pre To ensure that the Owner reaps the Operational benefits.
Requisite
Fundamental
Refrigerant
Enhanced Refrigerant Management
Management- Pre
Requisite. REQUIREMENTS
Optimize Energy Avoid use of Refrigerants
Performance Use HFC based Refrigerant
Energy
Enhanced Measurement & Verification
Commissioning
Enhanced INTENT
Refrigerant •Provide for the ongoing accountability of building energy
Management
Measurement &
consumption over time
Verification •Ensure that the owner gets the savings
Green Power. - Energy & Water
Source:
Council
ENERGY &
ATMOSPHERE Green Power
Fundamental
Commissioning – Pre To encourage the development and use of grid-source Renewable
Requisite.
Minimum Energy
energy technologies on a net zero pollution basis.
Performance – Pre
Requisite REQUIREMENT
Fundamental •Invest in off – site Green Power
Refrigerant •To meet 35% of annual energy requirement
Management- Pre
Requisite.
•Green power generated to be counted only once.
Optimize Energy
Performance
Energy
Enhanced
Commissioning
Enhanced
Refrigerant
Management
Measurement &
Verification
Green Power.
Source:
Council
MATERIALS & RESOURCES
Focuses on usage of Recycled Materials , Green materials &
Materials Having Low Embodied energy
MATERIALS &
RESOURCES Materials & Resources
Storage and
Collection of
Recyclables
Building reuse – Materials & Resources
Walls, Floors, roof. ( Total - 14 points)
Building reuse -
Interiors
Construction Waste Storage and Building reuse –
Wall, Floor , Roof Building reuse –
Collection of Interiors
Management Recyclables –Pre 1-3
Material Reuse Requisite 1
Recycled content
Regional materials Construction
Waste Material Reuse Recycled Content
Rapidly renewable Management
1-2 1-2
materials 1-2
Certified Wood
Rapidly renewable
Regional materials Certified Wood
Materials
1-2 1
1
Source:
Council
MATERIALS & Storage and Collection of Recyclables
RESOURCES
Storage and INTENT
Collection of To facilitate the waste reduction by building occupants that is hauled
Recyclables
to disposed of in landfills.
Building reuse –
Walls, Floors, roof.
Building reuse - REQUIREMENT
Interiors Dedicated space for segregation & collection of recyclable
Construction Waste wastes(post- occupancy)
Management (Paper, Cardboards, glass, metals & plastics)
Material Reuse
Recycled content
Regional materials
Rapidly renewable
materials
Certified Wood
Segregation of waste
Source:
Council
MATERIALS & Building reuse
RESOURCES INTENT
Storage and To extend the life cycle of existing Building Stock , conserve
Collection of Resources , retain cultural resources ,reduce waste and reduce
Recyclables environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials
Building reuse – manufacturing and transport.
Walls, Floors, roof. REQUIREMENT
Building reuse - Maintain the existing:
Interiors
Construction Waste
Building Structure (including structural floor and roof deck)
Management Envelope (Exterior skin and framing)
Material Reuse Building Reuse (by area) Points
Recycled content
Regional materials 55% 1
Rapidly renewable 75% 2
materials
Certified Wood 95% 3
Building Reuse(Interior Non - Structural Elements)

Use at least 50 % of existing interior non – structural elements (by
area)
-Interior walls
-Doors
Source:
-Floor Coverings
Council
-Ceiling Systems
MATERIALS & Construction Waste Management
RESOURCES INTENT
Storage and To divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in
Collection of landfills and infiltration facilities.
Recyclables Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing
Building reuse – process and reusable materials to appropriate sites.
Walls, Floors, roof. REQUIREMENT
Building reuse - Recycle and / or salvage construction & demolition debris.
Interiors
Construction Waste diverted (by Wt/Vol) Points
Waste
Management 50% 1
Material Reuse 75% 2
Recycled content
Regional materials Typical examples
Rapidly renewable •Waste concrete for Road laying
materials •Broken Bricks
Certified Wood
•Scrap steel
•Packing Wooden material
•Broken Glass
•Cement bags
•Paint container for reuse
Source:
•Aluminum
Council
MATERIALS & Material Re Use
RESOURCES
INTENT
Storage and
To reuse building materials and products to reduce demand
Collection of
for virgin materials and reduce waste, thereby lessening
Recyclables
impacts associated with the extraction and processing of
virgin resources.
Building reuse -
REQUIREMENT
Interiors
Use Salvaged ,refurbished or reused building materials.
Management
Material Reuse Reused Materials (by value) Points
Recycled content 5% 1
Rapidly renewable 10% 2
materials
Certified Wood
Typical examples
•Aircraft wings as partition
•Air craft tyres
-Camel carts
-Beams & Posts
-Doors & frames
-Cabinetry & furniture
Source: Loose furniture - not to be considered
Council
MATERIALS & Recycled Content
RESOURCES
Collection of To increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled
Recyclables content materials , thereby reducing impacts resulting from
Building reuse – extraction and processing of virgin materials.
Building reuse - POST - CONSUMER/POST – INDUSTRIAL
Interiors
Post consumer - Waste material available after consumer use .
Management Examples: Tetra pack, Used Bulbs ,Plastic Covers
Material Reuse Post industrial - Waste material generated during manufacturing
Recycled content Examples : Fly Ash, Particle Board
Rapidly renewable Recycled Content
materials
Certified Wood REQUIREMENT
∑Post Consumer recycled value +
½∑ Post Industrial Recycle value
Recycled Content Points
(by value)
≥10% 1
Source:
IGBC – Indian Green Building ≥20% 2
Council
MATERIALS & Regional material
RESOURCES
Collection of To increase demand for building material and products that are
Recyclables extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting
the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental
Building reuse -
impacts resulting from transportation.
Interiors
Construction Waste REQUIREMENT
Management Use building materials or products that have been extracted,
Material Reuse harvested or recovered , as well as manufactured, within 400 km of
Recycled content the project site.
Regional
materials Regional Points
Rapidly renewable materials (by
materials value)
Certified Wood 10% 1
20% 2
Source:
Council
MATERIALS & Rapidly Renewable Materials
RESOURCES INTENT
Storage and To reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long
Collection of cycle renewable materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable
Recyclables materials
Building reuse – REQUIREMENT
Walls, Floors, roof. Usage of Rapidly renewable building materials for 2.5 % of the total
Building reuse - building materials (by value)
Interiors
-Bamboo
Management -Eucalyptus
Material Reuse -Linoleum
Recycled content -Cotton
Regional materials -Woolen based products
Rapidly
renewable Certified Wood
materials INTENT
Certified Wood
To encourage environmentally
responsible forest management
REQUIREMENT
Use a minimum 50% of FSC
(Forest Stewardship Council)
Source:
certified wood based materials (by value)
Council
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY
Increase in Fresh air movement inside the building .
Emphasizing on efficient Day lighting & Views
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY Indoor Environmental Quality
QUALITY
Minimum IAQ
Performance Indoor Environmental Quality
Environmental ( Total - 15 points)
tobacco smoke
control
Outdoor Air Environmental Outdoor Air
Minimum IAQ tobacco smoke Delivery
Delivery Monitoring Performance–Pre control Monitoring
Increased Requisite
- Pre Requisite 1
ventilation
Construction IAQ Construction IAQ
Increased Management Low – emitting
Management plan ventilation plan materials
Low – emitting 1 1-4
1-2
materials
Indoor chemical & Indoor Chemical Controllability of
pollutant source & Pollutant Systems Thermal Comfort
control source Control 1-2
1-2
Controllability of 1
systems
Thermal Comfort Daylight & Views
Daylight & Views 1-2
Source:
Council
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY Minimum IAQ Performance - Pre Requisite
QUALITY
Minimum IAQ INTENT
Performance •To establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to
Environmental enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the
tobacco smoke comfort and well being of the occupants.
control •Enhance Indoor Air Quality for
Outdoor Air - Comfort
Delivery Monitoring
- Performance
Increased
ventilation - Well-being of the occupants.
Construction IAQ
Management plan To design based on ASHRAE 62.1 – 2007
Low – emitting •Locate fresh air intakes – 25 ft away from
materials - Entries
Indoor chemical & - Outdoor Air Intake
pollutant source - Operable Windows
control
Controllability of
systems
Thermal Comfort
Daylight & Views
Source:
Council
INDOOR Typical Fresh air Requirement
ENVIRONMENTALLY Area Cubic feet /minute (cfm) cfm per sq.ft
QUALITY per person
Minimum IAQ Office 5+ 0.06
Performance
Environmental Pharmacy (Preparation areas) 5+ 0.18
tobacco smoke Warehouses - 0.06
control
Outdoor Air Retail Sales 7.5+ 0.12
Delivery Monitoring Mall Common Areas 7.5+ 0.06
Increased
ventilation Beauty Salons 20 0.12
Construction IAQ Sports-Aerobics/Dance 20 0.06
Management plan
Low – emitting Location of Fresh Air Intakes
materials Should be located away from contaminated Sources
Indoor chemical & •Cooling Towers
pollutant source •Building Exhaust fans
control •Sanitary Vents
•Standing water
systems
Thermal Comfort •Outside Smoking Rooms
Daylight & Views •Vehicular exhaust
Source:
- Parking Garages, Loading Docks, Street traffic, etc.,
Council
INDOOR Sample summary calculations used to determine Outdoor Air
ENVIRONMENTALLY Ventilation rates – Naturally ventilated
QUALITY
Minimum IAQ
Zone ASHRAE Std. 62.1-2007 Section
Performance Identification 5.1 Natural Ventilation
Environmental
tobacco smoke Zone Net Descri Ope Opera Rat Opera
control
Outdoor Air
Occupa ption rabl ble io ble
Delivery Monitoring ble of e area/ >4 openi
Increased
ventilation Area opera Are occup % ngs
Construction IAQ (sft) ble a iable within
Management plan
Low – emitting openi (sft) area 25’ ?
materials ngs (%)
Indoor chemical &
pollutant source Zone 1 150 (1)5’ X5’ 12.5 8.3% Y Y
control Slider
Controllability of window
systems Zone 2 180 (1)5’ X5’ 12.5 6.9% Y Y
Thermal Comfort Slider
Daylight & Views window
Source:
Zone 3 275 (1)6’ X5’ 21 7.6% Y Y
Council Slider
window
INDOOR Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control(ETS) – Pre Requisite
ENVIRONMENTALLY
QUALITY INTENT
Minimum IAQ To prevent or minimize exposure of building occupants ,indoor
Performance surfaces and ventilation air distribution systems to environmental
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
tobacco smoke
control REQUIREMENT
Outdoor Air •Prohibit Smoking in the building except in designated smoking
Delivery Monitoring areas
Increased
•Prohibit on-property smoking within 25 feet
ventilation
Construction IAQ - Entries
Management plan - Outdoor air intakes
Low – emitting - Operable Windows
materials •Provide signages
Indoor chemical & • Provide designated smoking areas
pollutant source - Deck to deck partition
control - To operate at a negative pressure
- Average of 5 pa ( 0.02” WG)
systems
Thermal Comfort - To prove leakage is zero
Daylight & Views
Source:
Council
INDOOR Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
ENVIRONMENTALLY INTENT
QUALITY To provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help
Minimum IAQ promote occupant comfort and well – being
Performance REQUIREMENT
Environmental Permanent monitoring systems
tobacco smoke - Air Flows
control - CO2
Outdoor Air Non Densely Populated area
Delivery
Monitoring
- One CO2 sensors – return air system
Increased Densely occupied area- 25 people or more per 1,000 sq. ft
ventilation - CO2 sensors : 3-6 feet above floor
Construction IAQ - Exclusive CO2 sensors for spaces with collapsible systems
Management plan seminars/conferences/meetings
Low – emitting
materials
pollutant source
control
systems
Thermal Comfort
Daylight & Views
Source:
Council
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY Increased Ventilation
QUALITY
Performance
Environmental •To provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air
tobacco smoke quality (IAQ) and promote occupant comfort ,well- being and
control productivity.
Outdoor Air
Delivery Monitoring
•Increased air ventilation rates to all occupied spaces by at least
Increased
ventilation 30% above the minimum rate required by ASHRAE 62.1 2007
Construction IAQ - For 90% spaces
Management plan
Low – emitting •Naturally ventilated spaces
materials - Effectiveness of naturally ventilated systems to be verified
Indoor chemical & Air flow path & analysis.
pollutant source
control
systems
Thermal Comfort
Daylight & Views.
Source:
Council
INDOOR Energy Recovery Ventilators
ENVIRONMENTALLY Energy recovery ventilation (ERV) is the energy recovery process of
QUALITY exchanging the energy contained in normally exhausted building or
Minimum IAQ space air and using it to treat (precondition) the incoming outdoor
Performance ventilation air in residential and commercial HVAC systems. During
Environmental the warmer seasons, the system pre-cools and dehumidifies while
tobacco smoke humidifying and pre-heating in the cooler seasons. The benefit of
control using energy recovery is the ability to meet the ASHRAE ventilation
Outdoor Air & energy standards, while improving indoor air quality and
Delivery Monitoring reducing total HVAC equipment capacity.
Increased
ventilation
Construction IAQ
Management plan
Low – emitting
materials
pollutant source
control
systems
Thermal Comfort
Source:
Council
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY
QUALITY Construction IAQ Management Plan

Performance
To reduce indoor air quality (IAQ) problems resulting from
Environmental
tobacco smoke construction or renovation and promote the comfort & well being of
control construction workers and building occupants
Outdoor Air
Delivery Monitoring REQUIREMENT
Increased Minimum IAQ to meet control measures of the Sheet Metal & Air
ventilation conditioning Contractors National Association (SMACNA) IAQ
Construction IAQ guidelines for Occupied Buildings under construction, 2007
Management plan
- Protect materials from moisture damage
Low – emitting
materials Stored & installed materials
Indoor chemical & - If AHU used during construction, then use filtration
pollutant source media with a minimum MERV 8 (Minimum
control Efficiency Reporting Value)
Controllability of - Flush out after finishes installed
systems Paints , Carpets ,etc.
Thermal Comfort
Source:
Council
INDOOR Low – Emitting materials
ENVIRONMENTALLY INTENT
QUALITY To reduce the quality of indoor air contaminants that are odorous,
Minimum IAQ irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well being of installers and
Performance occupants
Environmental REQUIREMENT
tobacco smoke Adhesives, Sealants and sealant primers comply with VOC limits
control
Outdoor Air Architectural Current VOC limit
Delivery Monitoring
Increased Application (gram/litre less water)
ventilation
Construction IAQ Indoor Carpet Adhesives 50
Management plan
Low – emitting Carpet Pad Adhesives 50
materials
Indoor chemical & Wood Flooring 100
pollutant source Adhesives
control
Controllability of Rubber Floor Adhesives 60
systems
Thermal Comfort Ceramic Tile Adhesives 65
Source: VCT and Asphalt Tile 50
Council Adhesives
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY Sealants Current VOC limit
QUALITY
(gram/litre less water)
Minimum IAQ
Performance Architectural 250
Environmental
tobacco smoke Non Membrane Roof 300
control
Outdoor Air Road way 250
Delivery Monitoring
Increased Single ply roof 450
ventilation membrane
Construction IAQ
Management plan other 420
Low – emitting
materials Sealant Primer Current VOC limit
pollutant source (gram/litre less water)
control
Controllability of Architectural
systems
Thermal Comfort Non Porous 250
Daylight & Views. Porous 775
Source:
Council
Other 750
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control
QUALITY
Performance To minimize building occupant exposure to potentially hazardous
Environmental particulates and chemical pollutants.
tobacco smoke
control
Outdoor Air
REQUIREMENT
Delivery Monitoring •Permanent entryway systems of 10 ft long
Increased - Permanently installed grates , grill ,slotted systems
ventilation •Deck to deck partitions & independent ventilation for chemical
Construction IAQ rooms/copy rooms with ventilation rate of 0.50 CFM/sq.ft.
Management plan •For mechanically ventilated spaces provide MERV 13 (Minimum
Low – emitting Efficiency Reporting Value) or better filtration media prior to
materials
occupancy.
Indoor chemical
& pollutant source
control
systems
Thermal Comfort
Source:
Council
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY
QUALITY Controllability of Systems
Minimum IAQ
Performance INTENT
Environmental •To provide high level of lighting system control ,thermal system by
tobacco smoke individual occupants or groups in multi – occupant spaces (eg –
control classrooms and conference areas) and promote their productivity ,
Outdoor Air
comfort and well – being.
Delivery Monitoring
Increased
ventilation •REQUIREMENT
Construction IAQ Individual lighting control for 90 % of building occupants.
Management plan •Provide High level of thermal comfort system control for individual
Low – emitting occupants or specific groups in multi occupant spaces.
materials -Individual thermal controls for atleast 50% occupants
Indoor chemical & -Comfort system controls in multi occupant spaces to meet the group
pollutant source
needs & preferences
control
systems
Thermal Comfort
Source:
Council
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY Thermal Comfort Design
QUALITY
Performance To provide a comfortable thermal environment that promotes
Environmental occupant productivity and well being
tobacco smoke
control
Outdoor Air
REQUIREMENT
Delivery Monitoring Design HVAC systems & the building envelope to meet
Increased requirements of ASHRAE 55-2004
ventilation - Thermal comfort conditions for Human Occupancy
Construction IAQ
Management plan PERMANENT TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY MONITORING SYSTEM
Low – emitting •Temperature 26±2°c (for India)
materials
•Relative Humidity (RH) should be maintained within the thermal
pollutant source
comfort range
control •HVAC systems
Controllability of Dehumidification & Humidification system to maintain RH
systems
Thermal Comfort
Source:
Council
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY
QUALITY Thermal Comfort Verification
Minimum IAQ
Performance INTENT
Environmental To provide for the assessment of building occupant thermal comfort
tobacco smoke over time.
control
Outdoor Air REQUIREMENT
Delivery Monitoring •Achieve IEQ c 7.1 – Thermal Comfort Design
Increased
•Survey
ventilation
Construction IAQ
- Monitor the thermal performance of the building within a period
Management plan of 6 to 18 months after occupancy.
Low – emitting - Install a permanent temperature & humidity monitoring system
materials •Corrective plan, if more than 20 % of occupants dissatisfied
pollutant source
control
systems
Thermal Comfort
Source:
Council
Daylight & Views
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY
QUALITY INTENT
To provide building occupants with a connection between indoor
Minimum IAQ
spaces and outdoor through the introduction of daylight and views
Performance
Environmental
into the regularly occupied areas of the building.
tobacco smoke
control REQUIREMENT
Outdoor Air OPTION 1
Delivery Monitoring Daylight for 75% of the spaces
Increased - Demonstrate through Computer Simulation – daylight illuminance
ventilation levels between 270 lux to 5400 lux in clear sky condition on 21 sep
Construction IAQ
from 9 am to 3 pm.
Management plan
Low – emitting
materials
pollutant source
control
systems
Thermal Comfort
Source:
Council
Daylight & Views
INDOOR OPTION 2
ENVIRONMENTALLY Perspective
QUALITY
-Side-lighting daylight zone
Minimum IAQ -Value between 0.150 - 0.180
Performance 0.15<VLT X WFR <0.18
Environmental VLT – Visual light Transmittance , WFR – Window to Floor Area
tobacco smoke
OPTION 3
control
Outdoor Air Measurement
Delivery Monitoring Demonstrate through records – indoor light measurements
Increased - Minimum 270 lux
ventilation - Measurement on 10 feet grid
Construction IAQ
Management plan
Low – emitting
materials
pollutant source
control
systems
Thermal Comfort
Daylight & Views. ECBC Lighting Calculation
Source:
Council
INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTALLY Daylight & Views
QUALITY VIEWS FOR 90% SPACES
Minimum IAQ
Performance
INTENT
Environmental To provide building occupants a connection to the outdoors through
tobacco smoke the introduction of daylight & views into the regularly occupied
control areas of the building.
Outdoor Air
Delivery Monitoring REQUIREMENT
Increased Views for 90% of regularly occupied areas
ventilation
Direct line of sight to outdoor environment
Construction IAQ
Management plan
- vision glazing between 30” and 90” above finish floor
Low – emitting
materials
pollutant source
control
systems
Thermal Comfort
Source:
Council
INNOVATION & DESIGN PROCESS
Adapting innovative green techniques in reducing energy
consumption & creating comfortable indoor environment
INNOVATION & Innovation & Design Process
DESIGN PROCESS
Innovation in INNOVATION
Design. &DESIGN
Accredited PROCESS - 6
Professional POINTS
Innovation Accredited
in Design Professional
1-5 1
Innovation in Design
INTENT
To provide design teams and projects the opportunity to achieve
exceptional performance above the requirements set by LEED
Green Building Rating System and/or innovative performance in
Green Building categories not specifically addressed by the LEED
Green Building System
Source:
Council
INNOVATION & REQUIREMENT
DESIGN PROCESS Path 1 Innovation in Design (1-5)
•Achieve significant ,measurable environmental performance using
Innovation in
a strategy , not specifically addressed by rating system.
Design.
- Green Education
Accredited
- Material Life Cycle Assessment
Professional
•Exemplary Performance (1-3)
- Achieve exemplary performance in any of the credit addressed by
rating system that allows exemplary performance.
- EA : green power -70 %
- MR : Certified Wood - 100 %
Accredited Professional
INTENT
To support & encourage the design integration required by LEED to
streamline the application and certification process
REQUIREMENT
Atleast one LEED Accredited Professional (AP) in the project team
Source:
Council
REGIONAL PRIORITY
Region Based Sustainable techniques according to the
Environmental requirement
REGIONAL
PRIORITY
Regional Priority
Regional Priority
1-4 points INTENT
To provide an incentive for project teams to address environmental
issues that are identified as local/regional priorities by IGBC. IGBC
identified following six Regional Priority (RP) credits as having
environmental importance for projects in the Indian region
REQUIREMENT
One bonus point for each Regional Priority credit achieved
Between 4 to 6 Regional Priority credits:
WE cr1: Water Efficiency landscape
WE cr 2 :Innovative Waste Water Treatment & Reuse
WE cr3 :Water Use Reduction
EA cr 1:Optimize Energy Performance
EA cr 3:Enhanced Commissioning
EA cr5:Measurement & Verification.
Source:
Council
UNIT – III – APPLICATION OF RATING SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS

– SAR5622
1
APPLICATION OF RATING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
ROLE OF A GREEN BUILDING CONSULTANT

WHO IS A GREEN BUILDING CONSULTANT?
The green building consultant is the leader of the sustainable design efforts in the project, and
major role in the project includes:
•Integrating the efforts of various consultants on the project to create an integrated design
solution for the project
•Suggest the various green building strategies for the project based on building type, usage,
climate of site and available materials
•Conduct various simulations for solar, energy and daylight to ensure the project meets and
exceeds the standards prescribed by ASHRAE, NBC, ECBC etc.
•Payback calculations to ensure the economic viability of strategies
•Feasibility for achievable Green Building rating credits and to prepare the required
documentation for certification.
The basic role of a green building consultant is to help the project team make a better building
with features that benefit the final occupants and owners of the building. Most of this has to be
achieved with minimum cost escalation.
A green building consultant needs to be technically sound in almost all areas of construction
and operations of the building. Apart from the technical knowledge about buildings and their
environmental performance, the green building consultant needs to have excellent project
management skills and marketing skills.
2
The good green building consultant should be able to provide the following deliverables
and benefits to his/her clients:
 Introduce best practices in energy & water management.
 Provide accurate energy efficiency and water efficiency data.
 Help minimize waste during construction and introduce best practices in waste
management post occupancy.
 Improving indoor environmental quality to meet minimum day-lighting and
ventilation requirements.
 Introduce best practices in improving quality of life and maximizing productivity.
 Compiling a Green Building Owner's Manual complete with green building features,
how to lead a green lifestyle, maintenance tasks and other operational information.
 Staff training and awareness on project green features.
 Providing any guidance to a stake holder if necessary.
 Provide assistance in creating a clear marketing campaign and help generate
awareness of the GREEN credentials of the project. This includes creating an online
presence for the project, writing a case study, blog articles etc.
 Provide any other sustainability related advice, service and assistance within scope.
The general impression is that a green building consultant simply compiles all
documentation required to demonstrate compliance with the various green building
rating systems. But the truth is that a good green building consultant should ideally
bring a lot more to the table.
Due to the nature of their job, green building consultants are naturally focused on
efficiency in every aspect, even their day to day living. This makes them ideal
candidates for handling projects where more needs to be done with less. The project
owner should be in a position put his faith in this individual and ideally use him as his
right-hand man when it comes to making project decisions.
Green Building Professional Credentials in India

The most relevant and recognized credentials in the Indian green building sector are
listed below.
IGBC AP
GRIHA Trainer
GRIHA Evaluator
LEED AP
LEED Green Associate
BEMP (Building Energy Modeling Professional Certification)
 IGBC AP:
The 'Indian Green Building Council Accredited Professional Examination' (IGBC
AP) offered by IGBC is a credential for professionals to participate in green
building projects.
3
The examination is not based on any specific rating system. It is designed to test the
knowledge of a candidate on green building design and construction. Qualified
individuals can be involved in projects registered under the 'IGBC rating
programmes like IGBC Green Homes, IGBC Factory buildings, IGBC Existing
Buildings etc.,
The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) Accredited Professional exam is
administered by IGBC and can be given at any of the Merit Trac on-line test centers
around the country.
Website: https://igbc.in/igbc/redirectHtml.htm?redVal=showIgbcApnosign
 GRIHA Trainer and Evaluator: Green Ratings for Integrated Habitat

Assessment
GRIHA (Green Ratings for Integrated Habitat Assessment) Trainer & Evaluator is
administered by an organization called ADARSH which is a subsidiary of TERI
(The Energy Resources Institute).
GRIHA is the preferred rating system among government projects and is
increasingly becoming popular in the private sector due to the government
sponsored incentives on GRIHA certified projects.
The GRIHA Trainer credential allows you to provide training services to people
interested in learning the rating system and will also give you basic knowledge of
the GRIHA rating system and its requirements. As a GRIHA Evaluator, one can be
invited by ADARSH to evaluate GRIHA project submissions.
The GRIHA Trainer exam is very similar to the IGBC AP exam, whereas the
GRIHA Evaluator exam requires you to have thorough knowledge of one specific
field. It could be energy, water, site, materials or indoor environment. You can only
pick one area of expertise at a time.
You will have to attend one of the GRIHA Evaluators' and Trainers' program if you
wish to appear for these exams. The schedule for these GRIHA training programs is
available at their website: http://www.grihaindia.org/?t=events&#&events
Exam details on website: https://www.grihaindia.org/griha-evaluators-44
 LEED Green Associate and LEED AP

The LEED Green Associate and LEED Accredited Professional (AP) are part of
USGBC suite of credentials administered by the Green Building Certifications
Institute (GBCI). These are by far the most popular green building professional
credentials in the world, but they are not an absolute necessity if you only plan to
work on projects within India.
LEED AP is the best way to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the LEED
rating system. One cannot become a LEED AP without first passing the LEED
Green Associate (GA) exam and having some proven green building experience.
The LEED GA exam is not very different from the IGBC AP exam and can be given
at any of the Prometric online test centers in the metro cities.
Once you have passed your LEED GA exam and gained sufficient experience by
working on at least one LEED project, you can then apply for the LEED AP exam.
4
A bit like GRIHA Evaluator exam, you will have to choose your area of expertise
from building design & construction, interior design & construction, homes,
operation & maintenance and neighborhood development.
https://www.green-buildings.com/articles/leed-india-how-do-i-become-a-green-
associate-and-leed-ap-in-india/
https://new.usgbc.org/credentials#ga
 ASHRAE Certification: Building Energy Modeling Professional

Building Energy Modeling Professional (BEMP) certification program is
administered by American Society of Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE). The purpose of this program is to certify the individual's
ability to evaluate, choose, use, calibrate, and interpret the results of energy
modeling software when applied to buildings' and systems' energy performance and
economics. It also certifies the individual's ability to model new and existing
buildings and systems with their full range of physics.
Energy analysis is an integral part of green building and if energy modeling is
something you are interested in you can aim to become a BEMP at some point in
your career.
Achieving the above credentials will require at least two to three years of continuous
work and study in the field of sustainable high-performance buildings.
https://www.ashrae.org/education--certification/certification/bemp-building-
energy-modeling-professional-certification
Reference: http://www.ytenterprises.com/the-
blog/indiangreenbuildingthetop7greenbuildingprofessionalcredentialsinindia-1
https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/leed-green-associate-core-concepts-
12281709
Green Building Materials
What does “green” really mean?

“Going Green” seems to be the new and popular thing to do. It is an easy statement to make,
but gives very little detail of how one will address such a global issue. There are currently over
fifty regional and national green labeling programs throughout the United States. Each of these
have similar yet quite different versions of rating systems and qualifying characteristics that
they look for in a green building. Some focus on only the end results and completely overlook
what happens during the gathering and manufacturing of materials. Others look more heavily
at issues of economics and energy savings while deeming other issues like the distance a
material travels or the toxins it could emit into the air as much less important.
Atleast one positive impact on the environment, it could be defined as green. However when
analysed more carefully, this same material could actually be harming the environment more
than it is helping.
Therefore it is extremely important to know who is labeling a material as green. Many
labeling organizations are sponsored by material industries and will consequently be lenient
5
in granting those materials green status. This complicates the process of determining exactly
how green specific materials are. The trouble in identifying the truest definition of green may
be that there is no absolute definition. The lack of public unity in a definition has caused the
meaning to become convoluted and impossible to distinctly pronounce. However,
by examining the problems and corruption of the green labelling industry, one can indeed
gain an understanding of the complexity of variables that contribute to the greenness of a
material and how to apply these principles in design and building.
Green Labeling Programs

There are over fifty green labelling programs across the country. This is an overly abundant
number of organizations who are all in theory supporting and dealing with the same things.
Some common issues that they all take into consideration are:
• Construction techniques
• Waste reduction/recycling through construction phase
• The indoor environment and its use of environmental products
• Water-efficient processes
• Renewable energy options
• Smart growth and sustainable land development practices
However all of the programs weigh the importance of these issues differently and
consequently establish their own unique checklists. The decision of which matters are more
important to a specific label often stems from the desires of sponsors and investors. If a
labeling program receives funding from another organization, they will unfairly rate that
organization’s products as greener than the really are.
Corruption in the green labelling industry makes it difficult to discern which are the most
credible and trustworthy programs. Knowing who is behind the labeling is the first step in
uncovering truly green materials. Although there are many green labeling programs in
America, there are really only a handful that are well-known. Builders are more likely to
choose materials with these ratings. This is because they want their efforts to be widely
recognized, and they automatically trust these companies since everyone else seems to think
they are superior.
Four of the largest and most recognized green labeling programs are:
• LEED
• Energy Star
• Green Globe
• Green Seal
Each are administered by different organizations, have their own rating criteria and focus
most heavily on different issues. By looking at all four of these, one can begin to see overlaps
6
and shortcomings. One can begin to develop a more holistic approach to defining a true green
material.
Energy Star
Definition
• A government backed organization focusing on improving energy efficiency
• Administered by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department
of Energy Standards for Energy Star rated buildings are set by the EPA
Their motto is “Energy-efficiency comes first”. Founded in 1992, Energy Star began as a labeling
program that only rated consumer products. Products like household appliances and air conditioning
units with the Energy Star label now save between twenty and thirty percent of energy.
Buildings can receive an Energy Star Label too. To qualify they must reduce the amount of energy
needed to operate and cause less carbon dioxide emissions than other buildings of the same type.
Rating System and Criteria
• Buildings rated on a 1-100 scale in comparison to other buildings of the same type
• A score of 75 or above can earn an Energy Star label
To be rated, you submit data about your building. This information includes total square footage,
Number of occupants, number of computers, location, etc. A computer than takes this data and
formulates a figure that would be the optimal energy spending. This is derived from data gathered by
the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration.
Then your building is evaluated in comparison to this data and ranked among its peers. The top
twenty five percent in each building type category receive the Energy Star label.
Currently Energy Star has ratings for the following building types:
• Bank/financial institutions, courthouses, hospitals (acute care and children’s), hotels and motels, K-
12 schools, medical offices, offices, residence halls/dormitories, retail stores, supermarkets, and
warehouses (refrigerated and non-refrigerated)
• Industrial Facilities: automobile assembly plants, cement plants, and corn refineries
• Municipal Water Treatment Plants
To determine if a building qualifies to be Energy Star rated, fifty percent of the gross square footage
(excluding garages/parking) must belong to one of the above categories.
Problems with Energy Star Although Energy Star takes a strict approach to cutting down on energy use
therefore reducing greenhouse gas emissions and saving money, it fails to look at materials in depth.
They are really only focused on the way that the end product performs in relation to energy savings.
Whatever means needed to be taken to get a product a certain way, even if extremely harmful to the
environment, would be dismissed by Energy Star. Plus there have been reports that the organization
sometimes uses loose and outdated standards and lets companies rate their own products
7
Source UTSoA - Seminar in Sustainable
• A guidance and assessment program that offers realistic and achievable ways to increase the
sustainability of commercial buildings
• Administered by the Green Building Initiative in the U.S.The most important components
of the Green Globe program are:
• Comprehensive environmental assessment protocol
• Software tools that speed and ease online assessment
• Best practices guidance for green construction and operations
• Experienced green building assessors
Green Seal uses the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for
environmental labeling programs, ISO 14020 and 14024.
Rating System and Criteria

• 1000 point scale in multiple categories: energy, indoor environment, site, water, resources,
emissions, project/ environmental management
• Can earn 1-4 globes for achieving at least 350 points
After a building has earned at least 350 points, third party independent assessors review
building documentation and walk through the site. The site walk through is very intensive
and includes a review of all construction documentation as well as the physical walk-through.
Buildings that earn green globes should:
• use less energy
• conserve natural resources
• emit fewer pollutants
8
Green Globe does look at the total life cycle assessment of the materials in the building. This
is different from many other labelling programs that do not look into the source of the
materials and products. They also separate buildings into “new construction” and “continual
improvement of existing buildings”.
Green Seal
Definition
• a non-profit, third party certifier and standards development party
• the largest U.S.-based ecolabelling organization
• the U.S. member of GEN (Global Ecolabelling Network), which consists of 26 of the world’s
leading ecolabelling programs
• develops standards from green cleaning products to lodging
Green Seal uses life cycle assessment, evaluating products from raw materials extraction to
manufacturing and use to disposal or recycling. If a product meets Green Seal standards, it will be
awarded the Green Seal. This organization works with the marketplace in an effort to create a “more
sustainable world”
Green Seal Environmental Standards

• Construction Materials, Equipment and Systems
• Facility Operations, Maintenance and Services
• Hospitality, Lodging and Food Service
• Home Products and Services
• Office Products and communications
• Personal Care and Consumer Packaged Goods
Conditionally Green Materials

The majority of available green products have one or more of the following health and/or
environmental attributes:
• Promote good indoor air quality (typically through reduced emissions of VOCs)
• Durable and require little maintenance
9
• Incorporate recycled content (post-consumer and/or postindustrial)
• Have been recycled from existing or demolished buildings
• Are made using renewable resources
• Have low embodied energy
• Do not contain Chlorofluorocarbons, Hydrochloroflurocarbons or other ozone depleting substances
• Obtained from local resources and manufacturers
• For wood or bio-based products, they employ sustainable harvesting practices
• Recyclable
• Biodegradable
However not many, maybe even none at all, carry all of these characteristics. Even some materials
that are claimed to be the “greenest” are missing at least one of these attributes. Here are just a few
of such cases:
Bamboo
Usually used as flooring, this is the material that all architects seem to turn to for a quick
addition of sustainability to their designs. However, bamboo is not always the greenest
choice. Although it is a
rapidly renewable product, the forest that it comes from is sometimes not. In order to ensure
this materials green credibility, it needs to come from a FSC source.
In general, a better and greener flooring material would be rammed earth. It is just as strong
and durable as concrete and its source can be at the immediate site. It has ninety percent less
embodied energy than concrete also.
Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF)
These are stackable blocks of expandable polystyrene which are filled with concrete and re-
bar as needed. They are strong and extremely well insulated cutting down on energy costs
greatly.
They also get rid of the necessary wood formwork traditionally used in poured concrete
forms. However, the polystyrene is a fossil fuel based product and could contain VOCs.
These are extremely harmful to a person’s health. There is an ICF made from recycled wood
chips
called “Durisol”, and this would be the best choice for an ICF wall.
Low VOC Paint

The name says it all. Low VOC is better for the environment and everyone’s health. However
this label is misleading. In order to be considered “Low VOC”, the paint must contain less
than 250 grams per liter of the compound. However many companies count the grams
per liter before the pigment is added, which has a large amount of VOC in it as well. So these
really aren’t what they claim to be. The best option for paint is a Zero VOC paint.10
Recycled Denim Insulation This material is 100% recycled. So what couldn’t be green about
that? First, the insulation value is extremely poor (about equal to that of fiberglass). Second,
it causes vapor barrier issues. Third, mice love to live inside of it. Finally, in most cases the
10
blue jeans used for the insulation are shipped all over the country, wasting fuel and negating
the “greeness” of the product.
Structurally Insulated Panels (SIPS)
These are wall panels comprised of rigid foam insulation sandwiched between two pieces of
oriented strand board. They can have insulative values up to R-60. This high value saves energy
and money. However, they are usually not made of green materials. Some companies are now
using bio-based materials, but others still used expanded polystyrene, which as in ICF can
contain VOCs and be a health and environmental hazard.
Glossary of Green Terms

When reading about green materials, certain terms appear quite frequently. This is a greatly
summarized list of some of those terms.
Carbon Footprint: A measure of an individual’s impact on the environment in terms of the
amounts of greenhouse gases produced, measured in units of carbon dioxide.
Carbon Sink: A natural or manmade reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-
containing chemical compound for an indefinite period. Major examples are oceans, forests
and landfills.
Chlorofluorocarbon: CFC; an organic compound that contains carbon, chlorine and fluorine.
Most widely found in refrigerants and aerosols, when released into the air these compounds
lead to ozone depletion.
Embodied Energy: The available energy that was used in the work of making a product. This
is an accounting methodology which aims to find the sum total of the energy necessary for an
entire life cycle process.
Forest Stewardship Council: FSC;
A non-profit organization which promotes responsible management of the world’s forests. It
sets standards and independently certifies and labels forest products
Green Products: Products that have been certified through a process of “eco” or “green”
labeling, which insures that the product was handled, made or grown under conditions that
11
meet standards of sustained use, pesticide application and harvesting as well as certain social
and economic criteria for workers.
Greenwashing: The practice of companies disingenuously spinning their products and
policies as environmentally friendly.
Greenway: Undeveloped linear open space usually set in cities, set aside and used for
recreation or conservation. Greenways can be used to created connected networks of open
space that include traditional parks and natural areas.
Half-life: The time required for a pollutant to lose half of its effect on the environment.
Post-Consumer Recycled Material: reclaimed waste product that has already served a
purpose to a consumer, and has been diverted or separated from waste management collection
systems for recycling.
Example: used newspaper that is made into cellulose building insulation.
Pre-Consumer Recycled Material: A material that is removed from production processes
(including scrap, breakage, or by-products) and reused in an alternative process before
consumer distribution. Example: mineral (slag) wool, a by-product of the steel blast furnace
process, used for mineral fiber acoustical ceiling panels.
Rapidly renewable products: any material that regenerates in ten years or less: i.e. Bamboo,
cork, wool and straw.
Sustainable Harvesting: Harvesting only what the ecosystem and region naturally produce
and no more. This provides future generations with the assurance of these resources.
Volatile Organic Compound: V.O.C.: An organic chemical compounds that have high enough
vapor pressures to vaporize and enter the atmosphere. They can come from methane,
formaldehyde, office equipment
Recyclable vs Green vs
Sustainable Materials
Recyclable: A material that can be used again.
Green: A material that has at least one positive environmental characteristic.
Sustainable: A material that meets the needs of the present without compromising those of
future generations.
12
OTHER GREEN RATING SYSTEMS
PEARL RATING SYSTEM:
The Pearl Rating System is the green building rating system developed by the Abu Dhabi
Urban Planning Council as part of their sustainable development initiative, Estidama. ...
The pearl rating system is divided into Buildings, villa, and community. Each with
the scale of 1 to 3 pearls.
The aim of the Pearl Building Rating System (PBRS) is to promote the development
of sustainable buildings and improve quality of life. Achievement of a sustainable
building requires the integration of the four pillars of Estidama together with a
collaborative and inter-disciplinary approach to building development known as the
Integrated Development Process.
The PBRS encourages water, energy and waste minimisation, local material use and
aims to improve supply chains for sustainable and recycled materials and products.
An Executive Council Order of May 2010 states all new buildings must meet the 1
Pearl requirements starting in September 2010, whilst all government funded
buildings must achieve minimum 2 Pearls. Following this mandate, significant effort
has been made to align the PBRS with the Abu Dhabi Development and Building
Codes.
13
The PBRS is applicable to all building typologies, their sites and associated facilities,
including hospitals, warehouses, industrial buildings, laboratories and hotels. In
essence, any building constructed for permanent use and that is air-conditioned must
meet the PBRS requirements. Please refer to Information Bulletin #3 V.2.0 for further
guidance.
Within each credit, applicability and/or alternative specific requirements may be
specified for the following building typologies:
 Office: applies to offices and associated spaces such as meeting rooms,
reception/waiting areas, staff facilities, server rooms, corridors, toilets, print rooms, store
rooms and plant rooms.
 Retail: applies to display and sale of goods, food retail (supermarkets, convenience
stores), food preparation (restaurants, cafés, takeaways) and service providers (banks,
post offices, travel agencies). This category also includes shopping centers, department
stores and retail parks. It does not include isolated single use warehouse-type retail
developments.
 Multi-Residential: applies to multi-family residential developments greater than three
stories above grade. All villas must be assessed using the Pearl Villa Rating System
(PVRS).
 School: applies to primary schools, secondary schools, sixth form colleges and further
and higher education/vocational colleges and institutions.
 Mixed Use: applies to combinations of two or more of the above usage categories.
Where relevant, individual credit calculations should be based on an area-weighted
average. All buildings intending to achieve a PBRS rating will be evaluated by the
DPM.
Nonetheless, the building must be registered with the appropriate Municipality and
follow the building permit process. Project teams planning to submit an application
for Pearl Rating should follow the process and instructions outlined here.
Pearl Building Rating System and Guides

The Pearl Building Rating System
This document contains all credit intents, requirements, relevant calculations and
methodological information, design and construction submittal requirements and any
relevant reference standards.
PBRS Submittal Guide
 This guide explains how to use the PBRS submittal templates.
PBRS RE-R1 Energy Prescriptive Pathway Guide
14
 The Energy Prescriptive Pathway is an alternative approach to energy modelling that can
be used by design teams to comply with RE-R1. It is applicable to buildings with a gross
floor area (GFA) of 5,000m² or less.
 Building projects that exceed 5000m² and wish to undertake the prescriptive compliance
option should approach the Estidama team at DPM prior to commencing the design
submission. The Prescriptive Pathway Guide document provides a summary of the
requirements relating to envelope, systems, lighting, HVAC and renewables to help
design teams complete the Energy Prescriptive Pathway Template provided below.
Consultants Guide
 The 1 Pearl Building Guide for Consultants provides detailed recommendations for
achieving the required credits of the Pearl Building Rating System throughout the design
process.
Pearl Building Rating System Calculators

PBRS Energy Model Template
 The energy model template is an excel file that enables design teams to summarise model
details and overall energy performance in order to demonstrate compliance with the
mandatory provisions of RE-R1 and optional requirements of RE-1 and RE-6 in the Pearl
Building Rating System.
PBRS RE-R1 Energy Prescriptive Pathway Template
 The Energy Prescriptive Pathway Template is an excel file that enables design teams that
don't wish to undertake energy modeling to demonstrate compliance with RE-R1. It is
only applicable to buildings with a gross floor area (GFA) of 5000m² or less. Building
projects that exceed 5000m² and wish to undertake the prescriptive compliance option
should approach the Estidama team at the DPM prior to commencing the design
submission. For further guidance please refer to the guide provided above.
PBRS Water Calculator
 This spreadsheet based calculation tool is to be used as part of the submission for the
required credit, PW-R1. It is also to be used for those projects pursuing PW-1, PW-2.1,
PW-2.2 and PW-2.3 optional credits. The tool will automatically determine if the required
credit is achieved and the number of credit points obtained for any optional credits the
project has pursued.
PBRS Scorecard
This spreadsheet tool lists all the PBRS credits and is to be used by project teams to
track project implementation of the Pearl Rating System.
LIVING BUILDING CHALLENGE
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THE LIVING BUILDING CHALLENGE IS A PHILOSOPHY, CERTIFICATION AND ADVOCACY TOOL FOR
PROJECTS TO MOVE BEYOND MERELY BEING LESS BAD AND TO BECOME TRULY REGENERATIVE
The Living Building Challenge is an attempt to dramatically raise the bar from a paradigm of
doing less harm to one in which we view our role as steward and co-creator of a true Living
Future. The Challenge defines the most advanced measure of sustainability in the built
environment possible today and acts to rapidly diminish the gap between current limits and
the end-game positive solutions we seek. The Challenge aims to transform how we think
about every single act of design and construction as an opportunity to positively impact the
greater community of life and the cultural fabric of our human communities. The program
has always been a bit of a Trojan horse—a philosophical worldview cloaked within the frame
of a certification program.
The Living Building Challenge was the 2012 winner of the Buckminster Fuller Prize, the
world’s top award for socially responsible design. successful because it satisfies our left brain
craving for order and thresholds and our right brain intuition that the focus needs to be on our
relationship and understanding of the whole of life. As such the program is a philosophy first,
an advocacy tool second and a certification program third. Within the larger Living Future
Challenge framework that covers the creation of all human artifacts and edifices, the Living
Building Challenge focuses on humanity’s largest creations—its buildings. It is in essence a
unified tool for transformative thought, allowing us to envision a future that is Socially Just,
Culturally Rich and Ecologically Restorative. Regardless of the size or location of the
project, the Living Building Challenge provides a framework for design, construction and the
symbiotic relationship between people and all aspects of community. Indeed, “Living
Building Challenge” calls for action that describe not only the building of all of humanity’s
longest-lasting artifacts, but also of the relationships and broader sense of community and
connectivity they engender.
16
https://living-future.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Living-Building-Challenge-3.0-
Standard.pdf
WELLS RATING STANDARD

The WELL Building Standard® is a performance-based system for measuring, certifying,
and monitoring features of the built environment that impact human health and wellbeing,
through air, water, nourishment, light, fitness, comfort, and mind.
WELL is the leading tool for advancing health and well-being in buildings globally. Register
your office, building or other space to leverage WELL’s flexible framework for improving
health and human experience through design.
The role buildings can play in human health and well-being has never been more evident or
more important. Thanks to an evolving evidence base, we understand more about the
relationship between the physical environment and human health than ever before. We know
how to create spaces that enhance – rather than hinder – health and well-being. We can
measure – and then improve – the quality of our air, water and light. We can design
environments that fuel our bodies, move us, keep us connected, inspire our best work and
facilitate a good night's sleep.
With WELL as our vehicle, IWBI helps to translate what we know into what we practice. We
aspire to transform buildings and organizations in ways that advance health and well-being to
help people thrive. This has been our mission since we launched WELL in 2014. And today,
we know much more about how to achieve our goals. We’ve channeled all that we have
learned into a more accessible, adaptable and equitable rating system, which continues to be
anchored by the latest scientific research and industry best practices and serves as the
foundation upon which the entire WELL ecosystem is built.
17
Since the launch of the WELL v2 pilot in 2018, we’ve worked tirelessly to incorporate
feedback from thousands of members of our global community. During the two-year pilot
phase, WELL v2 underwent improvement and refinement through a rigorous process,
including a six-month public comment period and a final stakeholder review, garnering
hundreds of market insights across the two phases. Throughout the pilot, we also published
quarterly addenda to clarify and streamline implementation for projects around the world. In
addition, the IWBI Task Force on COVID-19, comprised of 16 co-chairs and nearly 600
leaders and experts from 30 countries, collectively crowdsourced hundreds of comments
during a 40-day sprint to assess how WELL v2 could be further strengthened to better
support prevention and preparedness, resiliency and recovery.
The evolution of WELL v2 was supported by more than 150 WELL concept advisors.
Concept advisors have expertise in one or more of the ten WELL concepts and provide input
on solutions to health and wellness concerns, best practices for localization, case studies to
fill research gaps and innovative topic areas. Their expertise and input supported IWBI’s
Standard Development team, comprised of experts in each of the ten WELL concepts, at
every turn, and helped take WELL to new heights.
In 2020, IWBI formed our Governance Council comprised of key global thought leaders,
doctors, public health professionals and business executives. The IWBI Governance Council
is tasked with a dual purpose to uphold the integrity of the WELL Building Standard
development process and accelerate market transformation at a global scale. The first task of
the Governance Council was to vote to confirm that WELL v2 met defined best practices for
standard development and that each WELL feature met four tenets:
1. Evidence-based. Each WELL feature is underscored by available evidence that links

design, policy and built environment strategies to health and well-being outcomes.
Features are substantiated by a diverse and rigorous evidence-base, including peer-
reviewed literature; academic research; and leading design standards, laws, codes and
best practices.
2. Verifiable. All WELL features are third-party verified by GBCI through
documentation and/or performance testing.
3. Implementable. All WELL v2 features haves been tested through WELL v1 and/or
WELL v2 pilot demonstrating adoption and uptake by projects across the world.
4. Presented for outside input. At every step of the way, IWBI gathered feedback from
a diverse community of practitioners, subject matter experts, users and other third
parties to inform the development and evolution of WELL.
When put to the vote, in June 2020, the esteemed members of the IWBI Governance
Council unanimously agreed that every single feature in WELL v2 meets the tenets outlined
above. Following this rigorous review process leveraging internationally recognized standard
development best practices, WELL v2 has demonstrated it is resilient, verified and dynamic.
PRINCIPLES OF WELL V2
This latest version of WELL has proven itself to be a scalable and globally applicable feature
set that’s responsive, inclusive and adaptable to fit any environment or organization seeking
to elevate human health and promote wellness for all.
WELL v2 is founded on the following principles:
18
 Equitable: Aims to benefit a variety of people, including and especially
disadvantaged or vulnerable populations.
 Global: Proposes interventions that are feasible, achievable and relevant across many
applications throughout the world.
 Evidence-based: Draws upon a diverse and rigorous body of research across varying
disciplines, validated by a collaborative body of experts, including IWBI advisors.
 Technically robust: Defines industry best practice and validates strategies through
performance verification and a rigorous third-party verification process.
 Customer-focused: Sponsors the success of WELL users through dedicated coaching
services, dynamic resources and an intuitive platform for navigating the journey.
 Resilient: Keeps pace with advances in research, science, technology and society,
continuously improving by integrating new findings.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE RATING SYSTEM
WELL v2 consolidates previous iterations and pilots into a single rating system that is
designed to accommodate all project types and sectors. The system is intended to grow in
specificity and specialty over time, adapting to accommodate diverse project types and
geographies and in response to new evidence and ever-evolving public health imperatives.
Each concept consists of features with distinct health intents. Features are either
preconditions or optimizations.
UNIVERSAL PRECONDITIONS
19
Preconditions define the fundamental components of a WELL Certified space and serve as
the foundation of a healthy building. WELL v2 offers a universal set of preconditions for all
projects.
All preconditions – including all parts within them – are mandatory for certification.
FLEXIBLE OPTIMIZATIONS WITH MEANINGFUL WEIGHTINGS
Optimizations are optional pathways for projects to meet certification requirements in WELL.
Project teams may select which optimizations to pursue and which parts to focus on within
each optimization.
WELL v2 operates on a points-based system, with 110 points available in each project
scorecard. All optimizations are weighted with varying point values. The maximum point
value of a feature is determined by the sum of its parts. A part is weighted by its potential for
impact, defined as the extent to which a feature addresses a specific health and wellness
concern or opportunity for health promotion, and the potential impact of the intervention.
Note: for some optimizations, achieving points in one part is contingent upon achieving
points in another part.
DYNAMIC SCORECARD
The WELL digital platform guides project teams through the development of a unique
scorecard. The digital platform recommends a selection of features based on project-specific
parameters that can be further defined and refined by the project team.
PERFORMANCE VERIFIED FEATURES
WELL is a performance-based system. Every WELL project is verified through on-site

testing of building performance. This practice is fundamental to high-performing buildings
and helps project teams better understand the relationship between the physical environment
and human health.
The process for on-site assessments and testing is called Performance Verification. On-site
measurements are taken for various air and water quality parameters, as well as sound and
light levels. It is a distinct process from traditional building commissioning and assures that
the building performs as intended, according to WELL requirements.
Performance Verification is completed by an authorized WELL Performance Testing Agent,

who usually spend one to three days in the building to validate the project's documentation
and complete a series of performance tests, spot-checks and measurements covering all
WELL concepts. Testing is completed according to IWBI's sampling protocols available in
the WELL Performance Verification Guidebook.
PROJECT TYPES
WELL v2 projects fall into one of two main groups, determined primarily by ownership
type:
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 Owner-occupied: The project is mainly occupied by the project owner (which may
be different than the building owner).
 WELL Core: The project owner occupies a small portion of the project area and
rents/leases most of the space to one or more tenants.
OWNER-OCCUPIED PROJECTS
Owner-occupied projects are owned or leased by the project owner, and regular occupants
(e.g., employees) are affiliated with the project owner. Owner-occupied projects are awarded
WELL Certification at the Bronze, Silver, Gold or Platinum level (see Scoring and
Certification Levels below).
Interiors represent a particular case of owner-occupied projects, where the project owner
rents/leases space within a larger building (the "base building") that is less than half the size
of the base building. Interiors projects operate like other owner-occupied projects, but in
some cases, they can receive credit for amenities within the base building (see Project
Boundary below). In other instances, interiors projects may be required to collaborate or
work with the building owner or landlord to meet feature requirements that apply to building
systems or spaces outside of the project owner's control, such as the HVAC system.
WELL CORE PROJECTS
WELL Core is a distinct pathway for core and shell buildings (also known as base buildings)
seeking to implement fundamental features to benefit tenants. In these projects, the majority
of regular occupants are not affiliated with the project owner. Any building type can register
for WELL Core, provided that at least 75% of the project area is occupied by one or more
tenants and/or serves as common space in the building accessible to all tenants. Note that
offices affiliated with the project owner but unrelated to the management of the project
property may be considered a tenant, as long as additional tenants unaffiliated with the
project owner occupy at least 60% of the net leased area. WELL Core projects are awarded
WELL Core Certification at the Bronze, Silver, Gold or Platinum level (see Scoring and
Certification Levels, below)
Mixed-use buildings where WELL Core is appropriate for at least 60% of the project area
may register the entire building for WELL Core. Areas operated/occupied by the project
owner are considered "non-leased space" (see Scope and Applicability below). Non-leased
spaces include the common areas of the building and private spaces directly under the control
of the building management team. Mixed-use buildings where WELL Core is appropriate for
less than 60% of the project area should register one or more portions of the building as
individual projects for WELL Certification or WELL Core Certification, as appropriate.
FEATURE APPLICABILITY AND SCORING
Features have varying scopes of applicability for WELL Core projects, depending on the
relevant population and project area. For example, some features, such as daylighting (L05)
or bicycle storage (V04), must be met across the entire building. Other features apply only to
spaces or personnel under the purview of the project owner, such as offering healthcare (C06)
or childcare (C10) benefits.
Applicability designations are defined as follows:
21
 Whole Building: Includes all areas within the project boundary. Some features
indicate that projects can achieve a feature by providing a tenant budget. To use this
pathway, project teams need to submit as part of documentation review, design
assumptions and sample cut-sheets (as applicable) that justify the budget and can be
used by the tenant during their design and construction process.
 Extent of Developer Buildout: Includes all non-leased space and all construction
within the leased space for which the project team is responsible.
 Leased Spaces: All areas within the project boundary that are leased to or owned by
tenants, including areas for lease or for sale that are not currently occupied.
 Non-leased Spaces: All areas within the project boundary that are not considered
leased space.
 Building Management Staff: Individuals responsible for maintaining and operating
the building, including contractors and sub-contractors. Workers who spend less than
30 hours per month in the building (i.e., who are not regular occupants) are not
considered building management staff.
 Direct Staff: Building staff under direct employment by the project owner. Note: If a
project has no direct staff on-site (i.e., the building is entirely operated by contracted
building management staff), the project is allowed to earn points by meeting feature
requirements for all or a defined subset of building management staff. Projects must
use a single consistent population across all features, including preconditions (e.g., a
project with no direct staff may only earn a point for meeting an optimization for its
building management staff, if it also meets all preconditions for that same group of
people).
WELL Core projects have different point-values for parts and features than owner-occupied
projects, based on the extent to which the requirements benefit all occupants within the
project. Features that must be met for the whole building are generally worth more for WELL
Core, while features with no or limited effect on tenants are generally reduced in value.
Some features allow WELL Core projects to earn points for applying the feature outside of
the leased space and earn an additional point for achieving the requirements for their tenants.
Further guidance on applicability and additional point-earning potential for WELL Core is
provided in the digital standard. To view this guidance, be sure to select the “WELL Core”
view in the digital standard.
PERFORMANCE TESTING SCOPE
For WELL Core projects, at least 2.5% of the total building floor area must be available for
performance testing. The available testing area must include all common areas and spaces
directly under the control of the building management team. If common areas and spaces
under owner control comprise less than 2.5% of the total building floor area, the project must
supplement with tenant spaces to reach this threshold. Testing in leased spaces in these cases
can take place before or after tenant occupancy.
Some performance-based optimizations explicitly state that they require testing in tenant
spaces to be awarded. The project is responsible for identifying and communicating to Green
Business Certification, Inc. (GBCI) and the WELL Performance Testing Agent the particular
spaces which are available for testing.
MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS
22
Multifamily residential projects may pursue WELL if they contain at least five dwelling units
in a single building with common structural elements. Projects that qualify include
apartments, condominiums, townhouses and other residential complexes within all market
thresholds – affordable housing, market-rate and luxury.
Multifamily residential projects utilize the WELL Certification pathways (i.e., not WELL
Core), even though most of the regular occupants are tenants, and the project owner may not
complete the fit-out of the dwelling units.
Performance testing within dwelling units for precondition features is not required for
multifamily residential projects seeking certification at the Bronze or Silver level. However,
projects cannot achieve Gold or Platinum without testing conditions in a sample of dwelling
units. See Features A01, W01, W02, L02 and T01 and the Sampling Rates for Multifamily
Residential section of the WELL Performance Verification Guidebook for more details. For
optimizations, testing within dwelling units is required, whether or not the project is targeting
Gold or Platinum.
At recertification, for all levels of certification, testing is not required within dwelling units --
only in common areas and spaces dedicated to building management.
SCORING AND CERTIFICATION LEVELS
Projects must achieve all preconditions, as well as a certain number of points towards
PROJECT BOUNDARY
Defining the boundary of the project pursuing WELL certification, or the borders of the
project brings further specificity to the project's scope. The project boundary must be
consistently applied across all features. The project boundary may not unreasonably exclude
portions of the building, space or site to give the project an advantage in complying with
feature requirements. The project must accurately communicate the scope of the project in all
promotional and descriptive materials and distinguish it from any space that falls outside of
the project boundary. The project pursuing WELL certification should be defined by a clear
boundary, such that the project is physically distinct from any portion of spaces not part of
the project pursuing WELL certification.
23
The project boundary can include both interior and exterior spaces. Note that if the project
boundary includes exterior (outdoor) spaces, this area is not counted when determining the
project's area at registration (including for pricing purposes). For more guidance on how to
calculate project size, download the WELL Certification Guidebook.
24
UNIT – IV – THE FUTURE OF RATING SYSTEMS – SAR5622
1
FUTURE OF GREEN RATING SYSTEMS
The World Green Building Council undertook the largest review of studies into the link
between green-building ratings and value, and found that having a green rating could decrease
a building’s sale price by as much as 15% or increase it by up to 30% compared with a
conventional building. Similar ranges of -7.5% to 25% for rental values and 0-23% for
occupancy rates were also found, although, on average, buildings with green ratings were found
to be more valuable and easier to lease. The study also found that, overall, green buildings did
not cost more than a ‘non-green’ building to build and that the price differential was largely
based on perception rather than data.
“Many studies have tried to establish if a more sustainable building is a more valuable building,
and green building ratings provide a well-understood indicator of a building’s sustainability
against which its value can be analysed”
INCENTIVES FOR GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA

India’s growth over the past decade has led to economic progress and dramatic urbanization.
India’s continued economic development depends on providing more affordable, clean, and
reliable energy and lessening the strain on current supplies, presenting an opportunity to real
estate developers who can lock in energy and cost savings by building green. Investing in
energy efficiency across India’s urban areas is key considering that cities contribute about 62
percent of GDP in India, which is likely to increase to 75 percent by 2021.1 Further, India’s
building stock is expected to triple in the next 17 years as part of the urbanization process.2
Building greener now before floor space triples is necessary to save significant costs and energy
and avoid expensive retrofits later on. India has shown leadership in developing efficient
buildings, increasing its green floor area from just 20,000 square feet in 2004 to more than 1.35
billion square feet in 2013.3 To move the rest of the market, India has taken an important step
by creating an Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), which contemplates incorporation
of efficient technologies, materials, and construction techniques into new and renovated
commercial buildings (potentially also including high-rise residential buildings). Buildings that
comply with the ECBC may be up to 60 percent more efficient than standard buildings in
India.4 States are at various stages of implementing the ECBC to raise minimum efficiency,
and both public and private stakeholders are offering unique incentives to encourage building
green and make efficiency pay for developers. As our recent issue brief, Building Efficient
Cities: Strengthening the Indian Real Estate Market Through Codes and Incentives, makes
clear, most developers encounter common barriers to building green. However, solutions and
incentives exist to overcome most barriers, enabling developers to take advantage of energy
efficiency’s savings and benefits and construct green cities across India. Government
officials—from central to state and local levels—can and should work with real estate
developers to develop policy and regulatory incentives, and effective compliance mechanisms,
to shift India’s buildings market toward cost-saving, energy efficient buildings.
2
https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/energy-efficient-construction-incentives-IB.pdf
Shifting the Market: Incentives Available to Indian Real Estate Developers

The following incentive mechanisms and opportunities can help developers overcome
barriers to building green to achieve higher levels of energy efficiency, locking in cost and
energy savings. Building Rating Systems Building rating systems recognize newly
constructed or retrofitted buildings that achieve high levels of energy efficiency. In addition
to lower operating costs and other benefits, as highlighted in our case study Saving Money &
Energy: Case Study of the Energy Efficiency Retrofit of the Godrej Bhavan Building in
Mumbai, building efficiency champions benefit from the brand recognition, leadership, and
market competitiveness that come with such ratings. The number of certified green buildings
in India has exploded over the past four years, from ten million square feet of green certified
buildings to more than 1.35 billion square feet.
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) awards the Green Rating for
Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) certification, a five-star rating system based on a
building’s various sustainability features. The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) awards
the Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) India certification, which range
from “Certified” to “Platinum” based on efficient features. Both GRIHA and LEED require
third-party verification before certification—a critical component to ensure efficiency savings
and thereby maximize the potential benefits of these ratings programs. The Bureau of Energy
Efficiency (BEE) also issues a five-star rating system based on the actual performance of a
building, normalized for its operational use and climatic zone. Looking ahead: Building
ratings programs need to undergo continuous improvement to keep rewarding higher caliber
buildings. Better verification after the building is completed to measure actual energy savings
3
and ensure compliance with certification requirements would also strengthen the rating
system. Finally, ratings programs should push to increase participation by a broader segment
of India’s real estate market beyond the current market leaders and champions to increase the
proportion of building stock that meets these high standards.
Rebates on Property Premiums and Taxes A number of municipal corporations are

beginning to offer tax and premium rebates for buildings that meet certain minimum
conditions under existing rating programs. For example, the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal
Corporation (PCMC) in Maharashtra, has made a conscious effort to optimize resources in
the built environment through the GRIHA platform. The PCMC offers rebates on premiums
paid by developers and also offers property tax discounts based on the number of stars the
building achieves through GRIHA certification. Other cities in the state of Maharashtra,
including Nashik and Navi Mumbai, are developing property tax-based incentives for green
buildings too.
Municipal governments across India can offer similar rebates to lock in energy savings,
reducing energy demand as urbanization continues. Participating cities can also consider
expanding the program by increasing the types of buildings eligible for these premiums and
4
property tax rebates to diversify the landscape of efficient buildings. Energy Service
Companies Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) help building owners develop and finance
energy saving projects, frequently by paying for the energy upgrades upfront. For a fixed
long-term time period, the owner then pays the ESCO for their energy, often capped at their
pre-retrofit costs, and the ESCO pays the utility for the energy actually used. Because of the
energy savings of the project, the ESCO can use the difference to pay for the financing of the
project and make a profit while removing the barrier of efficiency’s high upfront cost for
building owners. Although Indian ESCOs have successfully implemented some energy
efficiency improvement projects, the ESCO market has yet to take off in India, due, in part, to
the weak legal framework for contracts enforcement. Although involvement by the Bureau of
Energy Efficiency (BEE) has helped to support ESCOs, they have not yet been able to
significantly penetrate the market.
Looking ahead: Increasing awareness among developers and companies of the benefits of the
ESCO model and how it can support a building’s construction or retrofit, and even take on
some of the payback risk, would expand the network and reach of ESCOs. A well-defined,
standardized, transparent EPC contract format would help boost ESCO operations and
promote full-service financing models that include lenders, equipment manufacturing and
installation, and energy saving monitoring and verification.
Floor Space Index Allowances Many states in India and other municipalities around the
world have limits on the Floor Space Index (FSI) or Floor-Area Ratio (FAR), a measure of
the built-up floor area of a building relative to the size of the plot it is built on. In some areas,
high costs can be paid to exceed this limit. To incentivize developers to build green, a portion
of this extra FSI is given to developers of efficient buildings for no cost, increasing the value
of their properties. The Noida region outside Delhi allows GRIHA-certified gold or platinum
(4 or 5 star) rated buildings that have plots exceeding 3,000 sq. meters to exceed the FSI limit
by one to five percent.
Similarly, the city of Bhubaneshwar and states of Punjaband Keralahave announced
additional or free FSI allowances for buildings that meet a stipulated minimum green
building rating.
In Pune, the Municipal Corporation offered buildings with qualifying solar or wind power
equipment two additional FSI or a discount of 50 percent on paid FSI, although this program
has since been discontinued.
5
Other Highlighted Incentives The country offers a variety of other incentives as well at the
municipal, state and national levels. State-level Incentives and Codes: n Haryana: The
Department of Renewable Energy bears 50 percent of energy audit costs and grants monetary
awards for excellence in energy conservation.
Punjab: The Punjab Energy Development Agency and the Indian Institute of Architects
collaborated on a draft adaptation of the ECBC that would apply to large residential buildings.
Uttarakhand: A draft ECBC has been submitted for notification.
Maharashtra: Expedited environmental approvals are provided for green-certified buildings.32
n Andhra Pradesh: Adopting the ECBC as mandatory in 2014 with innovative compliance
mechanisms. City-level Incentives and Codes:
Noida: Developer-friendly policy allows green-certified buildings to be taller and thus more
valuable.
Ahmedabad: Developing a scheme that would allow city to implement parts of the ECBC now
while building capacity to manage further implementation.
Hyderabad: Architects can receive monetary incentives for designing GRIHA-rated buildings.
Pune: Allows buildings with solar or wind power to be taller and thus more valuable, providing
a significant incentive to developers. On the central government level, the Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MOEF) gives priority for obtaining environmental clearance to
buildings meeting the criteria of rating programs, including GRIHA and LEED India
6
ENERGY AUDIT FOR BUILDINGS
7
When the Subject of Audit is “ Buildings” and the purpose is - To reduce the consumption of
energy it is called Energy Audit
A simplified energy audit process can be structured into four steps :
1. acquisition of documentation;
2. field surveys and monitoring;
3. definition of energy retrofit measures and
4. editing of the audit report.
PROCESSS
8
In the Building Audit, issues are regarding :
• Thermal comfort
• Air quality
• Lighting comfort
• Acoustic comfort of internal spaces
• Building envelope
• HVAC systems
• Energy consumers like lifts (elevators), safety and security
• Domestic hot water (DWH)
WHO IS AN ENERGY AUDITOR?
9
For the auditor other skills should be considered:
• the ability to operate in the field;
• a knowledge of current security issues;
• competence in using survey and monitoring instruments;
• the ability to communicate and interact not only with the client but also with his staff;
• the ability to write the audit reports clearly and effectively;
• ensured continuing professional development (CPD), covering all updates in norms and
regulations
• the skills & knowledge to continuous updating of the technical and legislative requirements
and
• confidentiality in handling information.
Types of Energy Audit
10
Questions that the auditor may ask the client
Transition from Energy Audit to ‘Green’ Energy Audit
Energy Audit aim – reduction of energy consumption approach based on economics, not
emphasizing on reduction in environmental impact derived from choices of greater efficiency
…but the resultant reduction in operating costs.
11
Though Energy Audit does represent an important opportunity to contribute , through measures
proposed and implemented to reducing the overall environmental impact of the building or
structure under investigation.
This consideration has given rise to idea of giving a different interpretation of energy audit.
It emphasizes those aspects in addition to ensuring improved energy performance, lead to
reduced consumption of other resources and generates benefits in terms of overall sustainability
of building.
Green Energy Auditing and LEED Credits

In the case of the Green Energy Audit, any measure, is not uniquely linked to a credit.
The aim of a Green Energy Audit is to evaluate the degree of improvement in sustainability of
the building as a whole that can be obtained through the proposed choices; such choices do not
necessarily generate an advantage in terms of energy, but they can generate many advantages
with respect to sustainability.
EA category is relevant to window replacement measures since, in the case of building
renovation, replacing windows with models of superior properties can improve the energy
performance of a building
LEED credits for new construction related to the transparent building envelope, and points are
used to indicate the relevance of certain transparent building envelope remedial actions to the
LEED credits.
12
Operating levels
13
14
GLOSSARY
15

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SCHOOL OF BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT

UNIT – I – INTRODUCTION TO GREEN RATING SYSTEMS –

What is Green Building?

How to make a Building Green?

Importance of Green Building

Why Green Building?

1. Threats of Climate Change

3. Sustainability and Building Sector

o That way using 40% of global energy consumption is building related.

Would you to continue like this---?

Green Building Concept

1. Sustainable site planning

2. Building design optimization

3. Energy performance optimization

4. Renewable energy utilization

5. Water and waste management

6. Solid waste management

7. Sustainable building materials and construction technology

8. Health, well being and environmental quality

Green Building Rating System

ng rating system is an evaluation tool that measures environmental

Successful International Rating Programs:

whole building environmental performance approach.

International Code Council

 International Green Construction Code (IgCC). The IgCC is intended to be used as a

 ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1, Standard for the Design of High-

Water-Related Legislation And Codes

 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) Section 438 (stormwater)

 Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (FSRIA)

 Assembly Bill 32: California Global Warming Solutions Act

Green Product Certifications

TYPE ISO NUMBER WHAT THE LABEL DOES

Type I ISO 14024 Seal of approval for multi-attribute requirements

Energy Star Single- Government U.S. EPA and Energy

WaterSense Single- Government label U.S. EPA Showerheads,

Forest Single- Third-party Forest Forests and

SCS Global Multi- Third-party SCS Global Wide range of

Cradle to Multi- Third-party Cradle to Cradle Building

GREENGUARD Multi- Third party UL Environment Indoor air

Summary Of Green Building Rating And Certification Systems

 Retail  Regional Priority

Building Multi- Green building rating BRE Global Performance in:

 Retail  Regional Priority

Method  New  Water

 Retail  Regional Priority

No prerequisites for In-

 Retail  Regional Priority

Leadership in Multi- Green building rating U.S. Green Performance in:

 Retail  Regional Priority

 New  Materials &

 Retail  Regional Priority

Maintenance  Locations &

 Commercial  Awareness &

 Core & Shell  Innovation in

 Retail  Regional Priority

 Schools (SCH)  Regional Priority

 Retail  Regional Priority

 Retail  Regional Priority

Green Multi- Green building Green Environmental assessment

 Retail  Regional Priority