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Education about management

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Tanishka Munesh
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2 views

PDF document brm 3

Education about management

Uploaded by

Tanishka Munesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Primary Data: Data that has been generated by the researcher himself/herself, surveys, interviews, experiments, specially

designed for understanding and solving the research problem at hand.


Secondary Data: Using existing data generated by large government Institutions, healthcare facilities etc. as part of organizational
record keeping. The data is then extracted from more varied datafiles.

BASIS FOR
PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA
COMPARISON

Meaning Primary data refers to the Secondary data means data


first hand data gathered by collected by someone else
the researcher himself. earlier.

Data Real time data Past data

Process Very involved Quick and easy

Source Surveys, observations, Government publications,


experiments, questionnaire, websites, books, journal
personal interview, etc. articles, internal records etc.

Cost effectiveness Expensive Economical

Collection time Long Short

Specific Always specific to the May or may not be specific to


researcher's needs. the researcher's need.

Available in Crude form Refined form

Accuracy and More Relatively less


Reliability

What is Data Collection?


In Statistics, data collection is a process of gathering information from all the relevant sources to find a solution to the research
problem. It helps to evaluate the outcome of the problem. The data collection methods allow a person to conclude an answer to the
relevant question. Most of the organizations use data collection methods to make assumptions about future probabilities and trends.
Once the data is collected, it is necessary to undergo the data organization process.
The main sources of the data collections methods are “Data”. Data can be classified into two types, namely primary data and
secondary data. The primary importance of data collection in any research or business process is that it helps to determine many
important things about the company, particularly the performance. So, the data collection process plays an important role in all the
streams. Depending on the type of data, the data collection method is divided into two categories namely,

 Primary Data Collection methods


 Secondary Data Collection methods
In this article, the different types of data collection methods and their advantages and limitations are explained.
Also, read:

 Categorical Data
 Data Handling
 Sampling Methods
 Data Collection and Organisation

Primary Data Collection Methods


Primary data or raw data is a type of information that is obtained directly from the first-hand source through experiments, surveys or
observations. The primary data collection method is further classified into two types. They are

 Quantitative Data Collection Methods


 Qualitative Data Collection Methods
Let us discuss the different methods performed to collect the data under these two data collection methods.

Quantitative Data Collection Methods


It is based on mathematical calculations using various formats like close-ended questions, correlation and regression methods,
mean, median or mode measures. This method is cheaper than qualitative data collection methods and it can be applied in a short
duration of time.

Qualitative Data Collection Methods


It does not involve any mathematical calculations. This method is closely associated with elements that are not quantifiable. This
qualitative data collection method includes interviews, questionnaires, observations, case studies, etc. There are several methods to
collect this type of data. They are
Observation Method
Observation method is used when the study relates to behavioural science. This method is planned systematically. It is subject to
many controls and checks. The different types of observations are:

 Structured and unstructured observation


 Controlled and uncontrolled observation
 Participant, non-participant and disguised observation
Interview Method
The method of collecting data in terms of oral or verbal responses. It is achieved in two ways, such as

 Personal Interview – In this method, a person known as an interviewer is required to ask questions face to face to the
other person. The personal interview can be structured or unstructured, direct investigation, focused conversation, etc.
 Telephonic Interview – In this method, an interviewer obtains information by contacting people on the telephone to ask the
questions or views orally.
Questionnaire Method
In this method, the set of questions are mailed to the respondent. They should read, reply and subsequently return the
questionnaire. The questions are printed in the definite order on the form. A good survey should have the following features:

 Short and simple


 Should follow a logical sequence
 Provide adequate space for answers
 Avoid technical terms
 Should have good physical appearance such as colour, quality of the paper to attract the attention of the respondent
Schedules
This method is similar to the questionnaire method with a slight difference. The enumerations are specially appointed for the
purpose of filling the schedules. It explains the aims and objects of the investigation and may remove misunderstandings, if any
have come up. Enumerators should be trained to perform their job with hard work and patience.

Secondary Data Collection Methods


Secondary data is data collected by someone other than the actual user. It means that the information is already available, and
someone analyses it. The secondary data includes magazines, newspapers, books, journals, etc. It may be either published data or
unpublished data.
Published data are available in various resources including

 Government publications
 Public records
 Historical and statistical documents
 Business documents
 Technical and trade journals
Unpublished data includes

 Diaries
 Letters
 Unpublished biographies, etc

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