E PHET SIMULATION - RECOGNIZING PATTERNSINCOVALENT BONDING

uLD AMOLECULE

Adetisi ezabeth CluwaseunPERIOD.

NAME
BACKGROUND:
.nct nonmetals form covalent bon ds. These bonds in vove shared valence electron pairs. Some atoms are only will
-forming a covalent bond to only one other at om Other atoms will
bond to two, t
ngto share a single electron pair
the pattern in the number
hree or even Tour other atoms at the sametime. The purp0se of this activity is to discover
formand to whether a molecule will co ntain a single covalent
of covalent bonds various nonmetal atoms will predict

bond, double covalent bond, or triple covalent bond.

TESTDRIVE THE SIMULATION:

OPEN THE SIMULATION:PhET-BUILDA MOLECULE, html 5 version.

Use the "PLAYGROUND" mode for this activity.

atomstogether to form bonds.
Exper iment to see how the various buttons and
controls work. Drag

Blue button -br

Not a mnolecule - no eaks bonds.
name
LGreen button -s
hows 3D model
Mo lecule -name an.
of molecule
d green 3D button a
ppear -day-@0-aa -cliCI

Arrows to make
PHET:
different combin
Reset - move allato
ation sof buildin
ms back to Dishes
g atoms availabl

Click on the 3D button of a finished molecule to see how the atoms are bon ded.

3D Viewof molecule.

Use the ball and stick view for this lab. Each "sti

ck" represents a pair of shared electrons/single

covalent bond.

Touch here to display the balland stick view.

This button can pause, or rotate the animated CICI

model.
PRETi

PART 1-HOW MANY BONDS DO DIFFERENT ELEMENTS' ATOMS FORM?

 BONDING
PATTERNSINCOVALENT
aLDAMOLECULE PHEr SIMULATION-
RECOGNIZING

PERIOD below
NAME for hy drogen
inthe chart
Fill
atomstogether. Model Sketch:
1. HYDROGEN: Dragtwohydrogen 3D Bal andStick
Formula:
Name

H2 moleular hadroge|O0
ma
thrd hydrogen to
Canyou attacha
you already have
2 Tryto drag a third hydrogen at omtothe mo lecule

one) other
ato
tobond to 1)2,3
(circle
ke H,?
hydrogen atom on y wants
3. So based on th is, we can conclude that a

asa tes
m form between 1and 4 covalent
bonds Use hydrogen
covalent bonds order to
will
Most nonmetals that form other orns wil bond to in
4 many hydrogen atoms the

at
shown. See how how manyc
tatom wth the other atoms name the molecule, ident fy
forma stable molecule For each, wrte the formula of the molecule,
the molecule you m
will share, and sketch
theballand stick model of
Ovalent bonds(electron
pars) the atom
availabie elerments for m
asneeded Hydrogen is alwaysone of the
ade Use arrow keys to changeelernents
olecule bulding.
Sketch of bal and sti Number ofcovalent
Name of Molecule
Elernent bonded t Formula of sta
ck model bonds ELEMENT fo
oHydrogen ble molecule

OXYGEN
woter

CARBON

CHy
NITROGEN

CHLORINE

Ha Chlde
FLUORINE

tydrogen
uorde
BORON

Borare

CONTINUED
Element bondedtFormula of sta Name of Molecule Sketch of bal and sti Number of covalent

L
 CLE PHETSIMUATION- RECOGNIZING PATTERNS IN COVALENT BONDING

PERIOD.
ble molecule ck model
Hydrogen bonds ELEMENT fo
rms
SIL ICON

SiHy silane
o
PHOSPHORUS

PHs phosphina
3
BROMINE

Hydogen

atoms) they
3 CONCLUSION: Sort the at oms into groups based on the number of covalent bonds(hydrogen
will bond with in a molecule.
Number bondsformed
of with Elements
Hydrogen?

Bromine, pluorin e honne

2

3
ibreqen boron
lhosphors
Siucon and carbon

group
14 15 16 17 18
13
Ne

B Ar
Al
Si
Kr
Ga Ge As
table shown.
NEXT: Fill in the above elements wherethey would go in the partial periodic

atom forms? Write a set of "rules"explai

bondsthat each
6. Can you see the pattern in the number of covalent
BUILD AMOLECULE PHET SIMULATION- RECOGNIZ ING
PATTERNS IN COVALENT BONDING
NAME
PERIOD
ning this pattern in the spacebelow.

7. One element that we didn't test with Hydrogenwas selenium -Se Predict the formula of the molecule Torm
ed by selenium and hydrogen using the rules you just identified. Justify/explainyour choice.

PART II: DIATOMIC MOLECULES

BACKGROUND: Anumber of non-met al elements, but not

all, are capable of bonding with
another atomoT tne saie
element to form a diatomic molecule. Sometimesthese
diatomic molecules cont ain a single covalent
elements willformdoublecovalent
bond, but otne
bonds or even triple covalent bondsin their
diatomic molecules.
1
Test the atoms shown on the list below
to determine if they will form adiatomic
molecule. Remember,it's oni
ya stable moleculethat actually exists, the simulation aives it a name. If it'sa
if

3D picture, changethe view to BALL and stable molecule, look at the

STICK and observe how many
bonds are present.
STICKS SHOWN BETWEEN ATOMS
NUMBER OF ELECTRON PAIRS SH TYPE OF COVALENT BOND
ARED BETWEEN ATOMS
1
1
Single
2 Double
3 3
Triple

POSSIBLE DIATOMI If it actually exists: name t. Ball and Stick Model Sketch
C MOLECULE? Type of Bond between Ato
If it doesn't actually exists writ
ms
e "no" and cross off the formul
a on the left.

H2
olaculoac
Single
Douale

N2
CHO
Cl2 Iapla
Aclecwarchlaine O-0
F2 Single

Single
B2 borcune
borylidyna

Siz
 shpeS

FCULE PHET SIMULATION RECOGNIZING PATTERNSINCOVALENT BONDING

PERIOD

na
P2

Br2
phephuadyatpasplure
2
lnclecalac arcnne

ich
2 SUMMARIZE: Sort out the diatomic molecules which actualy form by their bond type

Form adiatomic molecule with a SINGLE

bond: Ha
Form a diatomic molecule with a DOUBLE
bond:
Form a diatomic molecule with a TRIPLE
bond:
DON'T form a diatomic molecule:

atoms that each type of atom will bond wit

3. How do the aboveresults compare with the number of hydrogen
h? What patterns are noted? What except ions are notable?

PART II: More Comp lex Bonding Patt erns.

molecu les. Name ea ch. Draw the ball and

Bonding Patterns. Build each of the indicated
Oxygen and Sulfur nd
1
in the OXYGEN or SULFUR atom in each molecu
le. Indicate the bondi
stick model for the molecule and shade
The first one has been done for you.
ng pattern on the oxygen or sulfur atom.

Name Ball and stickModel (Sha Bonding pattern on shad

Formula
de in the oxygen orsulfur at ed atom
ominyour sketch)
? Ho
2 single bonds
Hz0 Water
OCl,
hypochlorous ad 2 sngle bonds
NO Tdouble bord
douwol knd
ONH I

CO, 2 doble
2
(note differ
bondl
ent oxyg ens
CH,02 Formic Acid in this molecule) .sile
ldoude lootd
BULD AMOLECULE PHET SIMULATION- RECOGNIZ ING PATERNSINCOVALENTBONDING

NAME PERIOD

BS Haipxolann Ldade bnd

SiS2 2 double bords
Your dhace Lthioosilane

CONCLUSION:How do Oxygen and Sulfur atomstend to bond in molecules? What patterns doyou see? How m
(total) do oxygen atoms or sulfur atomstend to form?
any covalent bonds

2. NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS bonding patterns. Repeat the process above for these molecules containin
g either nitrogen or phosphorus.
Formula Name Ball and stick Model (Sha Bon ding pattern on shad
de inthe nitrogen or phosph ed atom.
orus atom in your sketch)

N2 4 bigle aond
NH3 ammQa
NH,CI choooine 3 singleband
NO
HNO Mzsyl hdride
bond

HCN One biple lbond

CHNH2 Mathulare 3 biele bend s

HPS
Tuczopkueghine lsinde band
PH3 Phosphine 3 sinele ads
Your ch oice...

Your ch oice..
 are rougti are sorri (IMPACI by
there there products
-nd be underestimated of gold to UN
Corntrade
that
v
and types nted
nntity -angncies

AMOLECULE PHET SIMULATION-

RECOGNIZING PATTERNSINCOVALENTBONDING

ME
PERIOD.
CONCLUSION: How do Nitrogen and Phosph orus tend to
bond in compounds? What patterns do
ny total covalent bonds do you see? How ma
nitrogen and phosphorus atoms tend
to form?

3. Carbon and Silicon bon ding patterns. Now repeat the process one more time. Build the atoms shown which
contain atomsof carbon or silicon.

Formula Name and

Ball stick Model (Sha Bon ding pattern on shad

CClhH2
CH;NH2
Dichloaa olhane
de inthe carbon or
om in your sketch)
silicon at

| ed atom.

four
sinale bonds

6nale bonds
Methylanie
Catoondioicle
25roe bnds ard
CH,0 Eoooaldehyde
CzH2 Acbyene
HCN
SiS2 Diluazoilane
CH,Si,
SiC 4 briple bnd
CH,Si
A dae bond

CN brlomethane 4 biple bond

YOUR CHOICE...

CONCLUSION:What general concu sions can be made about the way carbon and silicon bond to other atoms? Ho
w many total bonds to carbon and silicon atoms tend to form?

Which compoundsabove seem to be except ions to the patternyou just described?

APPLY AND EXTEND PRACTICE

 for Kenyo
also highlig
iag ondlyses

BU LD AMOLECULE PHET SIMULATION -

RECOGNIZING PATTERNS INCOVALENTBONDING
NAME
PERIOD
1. Wte in the symbol of an atom in each cir clethat wouid have the bonding pattern
emorethan one correct shown. (There could b
answer.)

HaBof 0,5 N,BP

N&,P
CSs

CSi
2. Draw the correct bonding lines (single bonds, double
h structureshown. bonds, or triple bonds) to
connect the atoms in eac

H H H
H-CH NN
H
H
Ci-CI
I-Z,
N F SF
CI