Research Paper
Research Paper
Research Paper
Jami, Zulficar A., Awali, Shanrada A., Casas, Joshua James Benedict C., Real,
Sonwell D., Enolpe, Rafael R., Toribio, Zandara Mae A., Apelacio, Liezel O.
Senior High School Laboratory, Zamboanga Peninsula Polytechnic State University,
Zamboanga City Philippines
shanradaawali@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Classifying waste can help us recognize what waste is more likely to harm
people, reduce it, and recycle it. Quantifying waste: calculate the quantity produced
in Zamboanga Peninsula Polytechnic State University’s senior high school offices by
weight in kilograms (kg). In this research study, we analyze the type of waste and
how much quantity was highly produced in each office. To answer this problem, we
first classify the waste into two categories: biodegradable and non-biodegradable,
then quantify using kg in the weighing scale. The results show that the type of waste
highly produced was biodegradable, with 3.8 kg of its quantity. Solid waste
classification and quantification in schools contribute to creating a culture of
environmental responsibility and promoting sustainable habits that students can
carry into their communities and future endeavors. The implications of this study
could be used to reduce waste and promote waste management.
INTRODUCTION
Generation passes by, as population have grown, humans discovered and
create a production of materials that increased because there is also a high demand
in the product. However, the incorrect waste disposal is the big concern here.
According to Tang and Huang (2017), waste is regarded as the domestic and
industrial refuse, garbage, or any disregarded materials produced in pursue of daily
lives and industrial activities; it can be hazardous or non hazardous. According to
Peng et al. (2023), the global amount of solid waste has dramatically increased as a
result of rapid population growth, accelerated urbanization, agricultural demand, and
industrial development. Waste that is non-biodegradable and cannot be recycled is
filling all the landfills as well as the oceans (Downs, Acevedo, 2019). Meaning to say,
the more we consume natural resources, the more we produce waste products that
are triggering our environment’s state and being. According to Kaza et al., (2018),
without urgent and feasible action, there is a big chance that global waste will
increase and grow by 70 percent in the year 2050. We must take actions as soon as
possible for the reason that a single waste product can range a possibility of
destroying the environment and it’s aesthetical natural view. Around 9% of the
generated wastes were recycled, which was a very minute quantity compared to total
production. Approximately 80% of the generated wastes were reported to
accumulate in landfills or in the natural environment (Evode et al., 2021). If we
produce materials, we must observed proper disposal of waste and this enters the
waste management practices.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to classify the waste into biodegradable and non-
biodegradable, and to quantify the waste using weighing scale (kg) produce in
different offices in Zamboanga Peninsula Polytechnic State University Senior High
School and to achieve proper waste management within 5 days of waste monitor.
The researcher will present the data in table form.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
For ethical considerations, before the study is conducted, we assure the
confidentiality of the state university senior high school laboratory offices where we
conducted the study, to respect the institutional policies regarding the information we
gathered for research purposes, and protect the reputation and integrity of the
university.
DATA ANALYSIS
In this quantitative data analysis, we allowed waste management systems to
move beyond traditional, time-based collection schedules. Through the implemented
real-time monitoring solutions, waste levels in containers and bins can be assessed,
optimizing collection routes based on actual fill levels. The effectiveness of using
waste classification and quantification products in Senior High School Offices of
Office Room A, Office Room B and principals office showed at a state university. We
Used the weighing scale (kg) to monitor and gathered the data within 5-days. The
waste are classified into two categories: Biodegradable waste, that are completely
decomposed by biological processes either in presence or in absence of air are
called biodegradable. E.g. Kitchen waste, animal dung, agricultural waste etc. and
Non-biodegradable waste, which cannot be decomposed by biological processes is
called non-biodegradable waste. To finally quantify the waste, weighing scale is the
tool we used to measure the total of waste.
Table.1 Definition of Waste
Based on the Table 2. The waste collected on the three offices in a state
university senior high school, the total of waste in the 3 offices has a weight in kg of
(1.513) were gathered in 5-days. The most of the waste collected was non-
biodegradable, which included items such as plastic cups, plastic bottles,
cellophanes, plastics, plastic spoons, and plastic food wrappers. Additionally,there
was also biodegradable waste, including paper waste and food waste, tissue, that
contributed to the total amount.
REALIBILITY
The reliability of our study on “Solid Waste Classification and Quantification in
Offices in a State University in Zamboanga City, Philippines” was ensured through a
systematic and reproducible data collection process using the Waste Analysis and
Characterization Study (WACS) method. Here’s how we ensured the reliability of our
data and methods:
2.Sampling Period
- The data collection spanned over five consecutive days.
- Each day’s waste was segregated and weighed separately for daily
measurement.
6.Validation:
- Regular cross-checks were performed during data collection to ensure accuracy
in segregation and weighing.
Through these measures, our study maintains a high level of reliability, ensuring that
the findings accurately represent the solid waste composition and quantities
generated in the specified university offices.
Table. 1 Waste sources from Specified offices in the Senior high school laboratory
Office Room A 22
Office Room B 6
Office Room C 3
Total 31
This table shows the numbers of WACS cooperators that produce waste classified
into biodegradable and non- biodegradable.
Table 2. Amount of waste classified in Office Room A (kg) in a 5 Day WACS
The table 2. showed the amount of classified waste in 5-Day WACS each day, where
it was shown that biodegradable is very consistently highest consume waste where
for the last five days with a total weight of 2.26 and a total mean of ( 0.452 ). On the
other hand, non-biodegradable waste has a total mean of ( 0.366) .
The table 3. Showed the amount of classified waste in 5-Day WACS each day,
where it was shown that non-biodegradable is very consistently highest consume
waste where for the last five days with a total weight of 0.605 and total mean of
( 0.121 ). On the other hand, biodegradable waste has a total mean of (0.096).
The table 4. Showed the overall amount of classified waste in 5-Day WACS each
day, where it was shown that non-biodegradable is very consistently highest
consume waste where for the last five days with a total weight of 1.33 and total mean
of ( 0.266 ). On the other hand, biodegradable waste has a total mean of (0. 212).
The most common type of waste In Office Room A is paper, reflecting its
environment as an office full of teachers who extensively use paper for teaching
materials, notes, and administrative tasks. This room has 17 WACS cooperators and
13 trash cans. Despite the availability of trash cans, proper segregation is not
practiced because these are personal trash cans and a few non-personal ones that
are still not segregated properly.
In Office Room B, the most common types of waste are plastic cups and paper-
based packaging. This room, similar to Office Room A, serves as an office for
teachers but has fewer WACS cooperators (6) and no dedicated trash cans. The
lack of proper waste segregation practices here, combined with the absence of trash
cans, contributes to the mixed waste types observe
This study is supported by WACS method of (Hapinat et al., 2023) base on the
results of the study if properly manage, such MSU would provide high opportunities
for the development of socio-economy Municipality (Chung and Poon, 2001). In the
result of the researcher 5-day waste classification and quantification.
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
Future research could further delve into the different classifications of solid
waste, such as biodegradable and non biodegradable types of solid waste. It could
help the different offices to have a deeper understanding of the different types of
solid waste that they produce, resulting in a better waste management. Through this
study, the lack of management in the disposal of waste can be attenuated and the
result of this study can help assess and evaluate the offices in accordance to the
waste they produce.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This endeavor could not have been possible without our research teacher,
Mrs. Liezel Apelacio, for her invaluable patience, guidance, and feedback. We would
like to express our deepest appreciation to the assistant principal, Mr. Romenick
Molina, who is an expert in this field, for his assistance and suggestions for our
study. We also wanted to acknowledge Ma’am Marwina Arellano for checking our
research, especially our results and discussion. We would also like to showcase our
gratitude to the teachers who serve as our backbones and consultants and the staff
members of the university for being cooperative with us during our data gathering
process. Lastly, we would like to acknowledge our families and friends for being
supportive all throughout this journey. To the never-ending dedication of the
researchers to fully accomplish the purpose of the study and its goal to help the
target field and population.
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