Spreadsheet: A spreadsheet is an electronic document, which has rows and columns. It is used to store data in a systematic way and do calculations. Example : Microsoft Excel.
Types of spreadsheet There are many types of spreadsheet available that have been created by different companies. Some of the most popular ones are Microsoft Excel, LibreOffice Calc, Google sheets, OpenOffice Calc.
Components of a spreadsheet 1. A row is an arrangement of cells in a horizontal manner. 2. A column is an arrangement of cells in a vertical (standing) manner. A cell is a rectangle shaped box, where the row and column meet. You can enter text, numbers, date, formula, etc., in a cell. The cell that is selected appears highlighted. 3. The name box shows the location of the selected cell. The location of the cell is a combination of column and row. For example, A1, where A is the column name and 1 is the row number. 4. A worksheet is a collection of cells in the form of a grid (a network of lines that intersect each other, making rectangles). When you open a spreadsheet for the first time, you see a blank worksheet with the name ‘Sheet1’. 5. A workbook is a spreadsheet that has one or more worksheets.
Type of data There are three main type of data — text, numbers and formula. Selecting multiple cells When a single cell is selected it is called active cell.
When a number of cells is selected, it is called cell range.
There are several ways in which multiple cells can be selected :
* To select an entire row, click the row heading. (On Left Side 1,2,3,...) * To select a full column, click the column heading. (On Top A, B, C .....) * To select an entire worksheet, click the grey rectangle on the upper left corner of the worksheet. * To select a range of cells, click on the starting cell, then hold down the mouse button and drag it till you have selected all the cells you want. Release the mouse button. Saving the spreadsheet in various formats Click File, then, Save. (or Press Ctrl + S) This will open a Save As dialog box. Type the file name and click Save. The default Save as type for MS-Excel is .xlsx and for Open Office is ODF Spreadsheet (.ods)
Closing the spreadsheet
Once you have saved the data, you can close the spreadsheet by clicking File, and then, Close Data stored in a spreadsheet can be used in calculations, graphical representation and display of information. Using Sum() function To add numbers, we have the Sum() function. This helps in adding the numbers in separate cells or in a cell range. ‘=Sum()’ . Example : =sum(A1+B1+C1) & = SUM(A1:C1) are same.
Sorting data Arrangement of words or numbers in order can help one find a particular word or name easily. Select all rows and columns that have to be sorted Click on Data, and then, select Sort
Filtering data Click on the AutoFilter icon on the Tool Bar. This will put filters at the top of each Column. Click on the filter for column. The drop-down will show a list of all the values in that column. By default, all values are checked or selected.
Protecting spreadsheet with password
The steps to protect a spreadsheet are as follows. (for Libreoffice Calc) 1. Click on Tools and select Protect Spreadsheet as 2. A Protect Document dialog box appears. 3. Type in a password. 4. Type the same password in the Confirm textbox. 5. Click on OK. 6. Now, when you close the file and open it again, it will ask for the password. Remember this password so that you can open the file.
Presentation Software Presentation software is being widely used to make digital presentations. It has many advantages, which are as follows. 1. They are interesting as they have features like images, videos, animation and music. 2. Making changes in digital presentations is easy. 3. A digital presentation can be shown to a much larger audience by projecting on a screen. 4. The presentation can be printed and distributed to the audience.
Adding text to a presentation
By default, there are two textboxes in the first slide. The top one is for the title and the lower (bigger) one for other details. We can click on the title box and type in a title. Similarly, we can click on the lower box and type in some details
Steps to save a presentation
The steps to save a presentation for the first time are as follows. 1. Click on File. 2. Select Save As or Save from the drop-down. This displays a Save As dialog box. 3. You can select a folder where you want to save the file, for example Desktop. By default, the File name is ‘Untitled#’ (# is a number). You can change it to the name of your choice. 5. The default Save As type is .ods. You can select other file types from the Save As type drop-down. 6. Click on Save.
Steps to close a presentation
The steps to close a presentation are as follows. 1. Click on File. 2. Select Close from the drop-down.
Steps to open a presentation
The steps to open a presentation are as follows. Open LibreOffice Impress. Click on File. Then, select Open from the drop-down. This will display the Open dialog box. Browse and select the folder where your file is saved, for example Desktop. Steps to print a presentation Before you try to print a file, please make sure that a printer is connected to the computer. The steps to print a presentation are as follows. 1. Click on File. 2. Select Print from the drop-down or you can press Ctrl+p on the keyboard. 3. A Print dialog box is displayed. 4. A printer attached to the computer is displayed in the dialog box. 5. Select the number of copies you want to print. 6. Select All, if you want to print all slides. 7. Select Slides, if you want to print few of them and provide the slide numbers. 8. Click on OK.
Advanced Features used in Presentation
The use of graphics, charts and images can make the presentation more meaningful.
Inserting shapes in presentation
LibreOffice provides numerous shapes, such as lines, square, circle, arrows, symbols, etc., that can be inserted into slides.
Inserting clipart and images in presentation
A picture speaks a thousand words. The steps to insert a clipart or an image are as follows. 1. Click on Insert from the menu. 2. Select Image. 3. An Insert Image dialog box appears. 4. Browse through folders and select the image you want to use. 5. Click on Open. In this way, you can insert images in your presentation slides and make it more interesting.
