DESIGN OF STAIRS:

STAIR ELEMENTS:
Rise, Rs = 150 mm
Tread, Ts = 300 mm
Lc = 5000 mm
Landing, L1 = 1000 mm
Landing, L2= 1000 mm
LS = 3000 mm
Headroom 1 = 1500 mm
Headroom 2 = 1500 mm
No. of steps, flight 1 = 10
No. of steps, flight 2 = 10
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa
Fy = 275 MPa

Υc = 23.4 kN/𝑚3
db (main bar) = 16 mm
dt (temperature bar) = 12 mm
cc ( concrete covering) = 20 mm

LOADING
DEAD LOAD kN/𝒎𝟐
Solid flat tiles on 25-mm mortar base 1.1
Other Materials 1
Total: 2.1
LIVE LOAD 2.9
(using exterior balconies)
 CALCULATE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF SLAB:

If fy = 415 MPa, K = 1
𝑓𝑦
If fy ≠ 415 MPa, K = (0.4 + )
700
275
K = (0.4 + ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗
700

𝑘𝑙
ℎ=
20
0.79(5000)
ℎ= = 197.5 𝑚𝑚 , 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒉 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
20

Tread = 300

Rise= 150 Hyp = 335

Take 1 meter strip along the span:

𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑
cos (𝛼 ) =
ℎ𝑦𝑝
300
cos (𝛼 ) = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗
335
Υ𝑐
D.L. (slab) = ℎ ∗ 1𝑚 ∗
cos(𝛼 )

23.4
D.L. (slab) = 0.2 ∗ 1𝑚 ∗ = 𝟓. 𝟐𝟔 𝒌𝑵/𝒎
0.89

D.L. (step) = 0.5 * Rs * 1m * Υc

D.L. (step) = 0.5 * .150 * 1m * 23.4 = 1.76 kN/m

D.L. (covering material) = WLL * 1 m

D.L. (covering material) = 2.10 * 1 m = 2.10 kN/m

D.L. (flight) = DL (slab) + DL (step) + DL (covering)

D.L. (flight) = 5.26 + 1.76 + 2.10 = 9.12 kN/m

D.L. (landing) = DL (slab) + DL (covering material)

D.L. (landing) = 5.26 + 2.10 = 7.36 kN/m

LL = WLL * 1m

LL = 2.9 * 1 = 2.9 kN/m

Total Factored Load (Wu):

Wu (flight) =1.4DL+1.7LL

Wu (flight) =1.4 (9.12) + 1.7(2.9) = 17.7 kN-m

Wu (landing) = 1.4DL+1.7LL

Wu (landing) = 1.4 (7.36) +1.7 (2.9) = 15.2 kN-m

Maximum Moment (Mu):

R1 = R2
∑𝑀𝑅1 = 15.2 (1)(0.5 + 4) + 17.7(3)(2.5) + 15.2(1)(0.5) – X(5)=0

R1 = R2 = 41.7 kN

Vu = 41.7 kN

Mu = 0.5 * 41.7 *5/ 2 = 52.1 kN-m

𝑀𝑢
Ru =
∅𝑏𝑑 2

d = h – covering – db/2

d = 200- 20 – 12/2 = 174 mm

b = 1 meter strip (1000 mm)
52.1∗106
Ru = = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟏
0.9(1000)(174)2
 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5) 2(1.91)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) = 0.0074
275 0.85(21.5)

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏 <𝝆 ,𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍

275 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽1 600

𝜌𝑏 = =
(600 + 𝑓𝑦)𝑓𝑦
0.85(21.5)(0.85)(600)
𝜌𝑏 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟕
(600 + 275)275
𝜌 max = 0.75 𝜌𝑏
𝜌 max = 0.75(0.0387) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟏

MAIN BARS:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = 0.0074 (1000)(174) = 1287.6 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Use 16 mm diameter bar
Π (𝑑 2 )
Ab =
4
Π (162 )
Ab = = 201.0619 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Required Spacing:
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 3h = 600 mm
𝐴𝑠
201.0619 (1000) S =450 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟓𝟔. 𝟏𝟓 𝒎𝒎 , 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
1287.6

TEMPERATURE BARS:
At = 0.0018bh
At = 0.0018(1000) (200) = 360 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Use 12 mm diameter bar
Π (122 )
Ab = = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Required Spacing: Maximum Spacing:

𝐴𝑏 (1000) S = 5h = 1000
𝑠=
𝐴𝑡 S =450 mm
113.0973 (1000)
𝑠= = 𝟑𝟏𝟒. 𝟐 𝒎𝒎 , 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
360

𝟏
𝑽𝒄 = 𝝀√𝒇𝒄′ 𝒃𝒘 𝒅
𝟔
1
𝑉𝑐 = (1)√(21.5)(1000)(174) = 𝟏𝟑𝟒. 𝟒𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑵
6
𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 114.3 kN > Vu, OKAY!

DETAILING:

0.20m

0.50m

0.30m

12 mm ∅ @ 300 mm O.C.

0.60m

0.40m
DESIGN OF LOAD BEARING WALLS

Pu = 500 KN
bw, Bearing Width = 150 mm
lc = Ht. wall = 3 m
Wall length = 4 m
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa
Fy = 275 MPa

Min. Thickness
h = 100 mm
h/25 = 120 mm
USE h = 120 mm

CALCULATE AXIAL LOAD STRENGTH:

𝐾𝑙𝑐 2
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = ∅0.55𝑓𝑐′𝐴𝑔 (1 − ( ) )
32 ℎ
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟕
K=1
lc = 3
le = bw + 4*h = 630 mm

Ag = le * h =75600 𝒎𝒎𝟐
(1)(3000) 2
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 0.7(0.55)(21.5)(75600)(1 − ( ) ) = 243,833.81 N
32 (120)

∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑵 < 𝑷𝒖 (𝑵𝑶𝑻 𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀!) ∗ 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒉

Increase h:
Try h = 150 mm
le = bw + 4 * h = 750
Ag = le*h = 112500
(1)(3000) 2
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 0.7(0.55)(21.5)(112500)(1 − ( ) ) = 𝟓𝟔𝟕𝟒𝟔𝟏. 𝟒𝟐𝟓𝟖 𝑵
32 (150)

∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 567.461 KN > Pu (OKAY!!)

Design of vertical rebars:

Use min 𝜌𝑣 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟓
𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 𝜌𝑣 ∗ 𝐴𝑔

𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 0.0015 ∗ 112500 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing of Vertical bars per meter length of wall

Use db = 12mm

𝜋(12)2
𝐴𝑏 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
1000 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝑏 )
𝑆=
𝐴𝑠𝑣
1000 𝑚𝑚 (113.097 )
𝑆= = 𝟔𝟕𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒎 , 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
168.75
Maximum Spacing
S = 3h = 450 mm (USE!)
S = 450 mm

Design of horizontal rebars:

Use min 𝜌𝐻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝐴𝑆𝐻 = 𝜌𝐻 ∗ 𝐴𝑔

𝐴𝑆𝐻 = 0.0025 ∗ 112500 = 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing of Horizontal bars per meter length of wall
Use db = 12mm

𝜋(12)2
𝐴𝑏 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
1000 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝑏 )
𝑆=
𝐴𝑆𝐻
1000 𝑚𝑚 (113.097 )
𝑆= = 𝟒𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟑 𝒎𝒎 , 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
281.25

Maximum Spacing
S = 3h = 450 mm
S = 450 mm

DETAILING

12mm-dia. Vertical rebars,

spaced @ 450 mm O.C.

12mm-dia. Horizontal
rebars, spaced @ 400 mm
O.C.
DESIGN OF FOOTING

Lc1 = 500 mm
Wc2 = 500 mm
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa
Fy = 275 MPa
Col Rebars = 8 mm

Col dia = 20 mm
Dowells = 20 mm
Foot Rebars = 20 mm

657.774 KN
PD = 657.774 KN
74.492 KN
PL = 74.492 KN
PC = PD + PL = 732.266 KN
Pu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 1.4(632.89) + 1.7(73.78) = 1047.52 kN

DESIGN FOR LOAD TRANSFER AND DESIGN ALLOWABLE THICKNESS OF FOOTING

∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 = ∅0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴1
∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 = 0.65(0.85)(21.5)(400)(400) = 𝟐, 𝟗𝟔𝟗. 𝟔𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 𝑵

CHECK BEARING STRENGTH OF FOOTING

𝐴2
∅𝑃𝑢𝑓 = ∅0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴1√ ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴2 = 4𝐴1
𝐴1

∅𝑃𝑢𝑓 = 0.65(0.85)(21.5)(160,000)√1000000/250,000 = 5, 939, 375 N > Pu (OKAY!!)

SQUARE FOOTING

𝐵 ≥ √𝐴2

𝐵 = √1000000 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
CALCULATE STEEL BARS REQ. FOR LOAD CONNECTION/DOWEL
∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 = 𝟐, 𝟗𝟔𝟗, 𝟔𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 𝑵 ∅𝑃𝑛 > 𝑃𝑢 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑠𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴𝑐
𝑃𝑢 − ∅𝑃𝑛𝑐
𝐴𝑠𝑟 =
𝑓𝑦
1011.472 − 1,900,600
𝐴𝑠𝑟 = = −𝟏𝟎, 𝟕𝟗𝟖. 𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒎 (𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎)
275
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴𝑐

𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005(500)(500) = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐

CALCULATE AREA OF STEEL PROVIDED FOR LOAD TRANSFER

Dowell = 20 mm
N=8

Nπ(𝑑𝑏 )2
𝐴𝑠𝑝 = > 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴𝑐
4
8π(20)2
𝐴𝑠𝑝 = = 𝟐𝟓𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐 > 𝑨𝒎𝒊𝒏 (𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒆𝒓)
4

CALCULATE DEV. LENGTH OF COL. BARS INTO FOOTING

1. BASIC DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
𝟎.𝟐𝟒𝒇𝒚 𝒅𝒃
a.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄 ≥
𝝀√𝒇𝒄′
0.24(275)(20)
𝑙𝑑𝑐 = = 𝟐𝟖𝟒. 𝟔𝟖 𝒎𝒎 (USE BIGGER ldc)
(1)√21.5

b.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟑𝒅𝒃 𝒇𝒚

𝑙𝑑𝑐 ≥ 0.043(20)(275) = 𝟐𝟑𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎

2. MODIFICATION FACTOR
𝑨𝒔𝒓
a.) MF1 =
𝑨𝒔𝒑

1250
MF1 = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟕𝟒
2513.27

b). MF2 = 𝟏. 𝟎 (𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓)

3. MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE DEV. LENGTH (reduced)
a.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄𝒓 ≥ MF1 * MF2 * 𝒍𝒅𝒄
𝑙𝑑𝑐𝑟 = 0.4974 * 1 * 284.68 = 141.60 mm
b.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄𝒓 ≥ 200 mm (USE BIGGER ldcr)

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF FOOTING (hf)

ℎ𝑓= 𝑙𝑑 + 2𝑑𝑏 + 75

ℎ𝑓= 200 + 2(20) + 75 = 315 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝒉𝒇= 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎

LIMITS OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY:

Depth of excavation = 1.5
Wt. of soil = 15.7 kN/m3
Wt. of concrete = 23.6 kN/m3
qa = 255 kPa

CALCULATE qa net:
𝑞𝑎𝑛 = 𝑞𝑎 − 𝑊𝑠 − 𝑊𝑓

Ws = Wt.s ( D-hf )
Ws = 15.7 ( 1.500 - .350 ) = 18.055 kPa
Wf = Wc * hf
Wf = 23.6 * .350 = 8.26 kPa
𝑞𝑎𝑛 = 255 − 18.055 − 8.26 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂 < 𝒒𝒂 (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)

CALCULATE AREA OF FOOTING

𝑃𝑐
𝐴𝑓 =
𝑞𝑎𝑛
732.266
𝐴𝑓 = = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏 𝒎𝟐
228.685
SQUARE FOOTING:

B =√𝐴𝑓

B =√3.2021 = 1.79 m , say 1.9 m

CALCULATE SOIL BEARING PRESSURE DUE TO ULTIMATE LOADS

𝑃𝑢
𝑞𝑢 =
𝐵2
1047.52
𝑞𝑢 = = 𝟐𝟗𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝑷𝒂
(1.9)2

𝑚 = 0.5 (𝐵 − 𝑐)
𝑚 = 0.5 (1.9 ∗ 1000 − 500) = 𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝑉𝑢1 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐵(𝑚 − 𝑑)
𝑽𝒖𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟔(𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎)(𝟕𝟎𝟎 − 𝒅)
1
𝑉𝑐1 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐵𝑑
6
𝟏
𝑽𝒄𝟏 = √𝟐𝟏. 𝟓(𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎)𝒅
𝟔

FOR ADEQUACY CHECK:

𝑉𝑢1 = 𝑉𝑐1
1
0.280186(1900)(700 − 𝑑 ) = √21.5(1900)𝑑
6
d = 186.26 mm
Calculate hf using d
hf = d + cov + 75 + db/2
hf = 186.26 + 75 + 20/2 = 271.26 mm <hf design = 350 mm (OKAY!!)
DESIGN FOOTING FOR TWO-WAY SHEAR:
𝐶𝑜 = 𝐶1 + 𝑑 ; 𝐶1 = 500
𝑏𝑜 = 4𝐶𝑜
𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑃𝑢 − (𝑞𝑢 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 )

𝑽𝒖𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟕. 𝟓𝟐(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎) − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟐 (𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝒅) ∗ (𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝒅)

1
𝑉𝑐2 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3
𝟏
𝑽𝒄𝟐 = √𝟐𝟏. 𝟓(𝟒(𝑪𝟏 + 𝒅)(𝒅)
𝟑
FOR ADEQUACY CHECK:
𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑉𝑐2
1
1047.52(1000) − 0.290172 (500 + 𝑑) ∗ (500 + 𝑑 ) = √21.5(4(500 + 𝑑)(𝑑)
3
d= 206.62 mm
Calculate hf using d
hf = d + 1.5db + 75
hf = 206.62 + 1.5(20)+75 = 311.62 mm < hf design = 350 mm (OKAY!!)

CHECK TWO-WAY SHEAR FOR FOOTING:

*Check if hf and B is adequate
d= hf -1.5db -75
d= 350 – 1.5(20) -75 = 245 mm
𝑏𝑜 = 4(500 + 245) = 2980 mm
500
𝛽= =𝟏
500
1 2
𝑉𝑐2 = (1 + )√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
6 𝛽
1 2
𝑉𝑐2 = (1 + ) √21.5(2980)(245) = 𝟏, 𝟔𝟗𝟐, 𝟔𝟔𝟕. 𝟐 𝑵
6 1
∅𝑉𝑐2 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟑𝟖, 𝟕𝟔𝟕
𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑃𝑢 − (𝑞𝑢 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 )

𝑉𝑢2 = 1047.52(1000) − (0.290172 (500 + 245)(500 + 245)) = 𝟖𝟖𝟔, 𝟔𝟒𝟕 𝑵

∴ 𝑉𝑢2 < ∅𝑉𝑐2 (SAFE!!)

DESIGN OF FOOTING FOR FLEXURE:

d= hf -1.5db-75 =245 mm
m = 0.5(B-c)
m = 0.5( 1.9 - .500) = 0.700
𝑚
Mu = 𝑞𝑢 ∗ 𝐵 (𝑚) ( )
2

Mu = 290.172 ∗ 1.9 (0.70)(0.35) = 𝟏𝟑𝟓. 𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑀𝑢
𝑅=
∅𝐵𝑑12
𝟏𝟑𝟓.𝟎𝟕𝟓∗𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝑅= = 1.316
0.90(1900)(251)2

𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌 = 0.85 (1 − √1 − )
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

21.5 2(1.316)
𝜌 = 0.85 (1 − √1 − ) = 0.004971
275 0.85(21.5)

1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗𝟏
𝑓𝑦

√𝑓𝑐′
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟓
4𝑓𝑦
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗𝟏

REQUIRED AREA OF FLEXURE BARS

𝑑2 = hf – db/2 -75 =265 mm

𝐴𝑠𝑟 = 𝜌𝐵𝑑2

𝐴𝑠𝑟 = 0.005091(1900)(265) = 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟑. 𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝜋(20)2
𝐴𝑏 = = 𝟑𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
 𝐴𝑠𝑟
𝑁=
𝐴𝑏
2563.32
𝑁= = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟓𝟗 , 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟗 𝒑𝒄𝒔
314.16

CENTER TO CENTER SPACING:

𝐵 − 200
𝑆=
𝑁−1
1900 − 200
𝑆= = 𝟐𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎
9−1

MINIMUM SPACING MAXIMUM SPACING:

𝑆 ≥ 𝑑𝑏 + 𝑑𝑏 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝑆 ≤ 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝑆 ≥ 25 + 𝑑𝑏 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒎

𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟗 − 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎
∅ 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪. 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔

ACTUAL DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF FLEXURE BARS:

𝜄𝑑 = 0.5(𝐿 − 𝑐1) − 75
𝜄𝑑 = 0.5(1900 − 500) − 75 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 mm
MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
𝜄𝑑 = 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275 (1) (1.2)
𝜄𝑑 = ∗ 20 = 𝟔𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝒎 ( 𝑵𝑶𝑻 𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀 , 𝑪𝑯𝑨𝑵𝑮𝑬 𝑻𝑶 𝑯𝑶𝑶𝑲)
2.1(1)√21.5
DEV. LENGTH OF STANDARD HOOKS IN TENSION
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑐 𝜓𝑟
𝜄𝑑ℎ = ∗ 𝑑𝑏
4.17𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275 (1.2)(1)(1)
𝜄𝑑ℎ = ∗ 20 = 𝟑𝟒𝟏. 𝟑𝟒 𝒎𝒎 (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
4.17𝜆√21.5
DETAILING: