DESIGN OF G+3 APARTMENT BUILDING

Vijayvenkatesh.C
Final year student, Department of Civil Engineering, St.Josephs college of engineering &
technology,
Thanjavur, India.

ABSTRACT:

Nowadays, the people from the villages are coming to towns for employment and educational
facilities, hence with the limited land available, individual houses are feasible. One of the major
problems facing by the INDIAN country is the rapid growth of population which restricted the
availability of the land Moreover, even the available houses are let out at abnormal rent charges.
Hence an apartment building is proposed in this project. The project consists of six houses with
three floors with all basic amenities. The construction and the design will be based on the LIMIT
STATE method and as per the schedule rates on PWD Government of TAMILNADU.

Keyword: Beams, columns, Slabs, Staadpro designs analysis.

INTRODUCTION:

One of the major problems in Indian country facing the rapid growth of the population this can
be solved to a certain extent with the construction of multi storied apartments, which can be
leaves many people in available area. The maximum numbers of people go either to
THANJAVUR town. The project consists of six houses in three floors with all basic amenities.
It is more economic in design and construction and followed as per limit state design method.

GENERAL LAYOUT:

The other facilities like parking, cycle stand, toilets for either sex and bill counter have been
placed with the construction for proper location.

OTHER PROVISION:

Apart from the space requirements and sound treatment, for resistance has also to be considered
daily through its does not significantly affect the layout or design.
INTRODUCTION TO LIMIT STATE:

Since this method of design is adopted widely in recent practice. We have followed this method
and all the design works, are carried out in accordance to IS 456-2000 The object of the design is
to produce a structure which is in all respects satisfactory for which is required, having the
economy as the primary objective As our knowledge about the characteristics to RCC member
under axial load, flexure shear and torsion improved, the allowable stresses are periodically
adjusted to achieve greater economic design. The adoption of limit state design concept as the
latest version of IS 456-1984 loads towards this direction. In the limit state design structure shall
be designed for safety withstand all loads liable to act on throughout its life. It should be also
satisfied the serviceability requirement such as limitation on deflection and cracking.

SPECIFICATION:

EARTH WORK EXCAVATION:

Excavation- foundation trenches shall be brought to the exact width of foundation concrete and
the side should be vertical. If the soil is not good and does not permit vertical sides. The sides
should be slapped back are protected with timber shoring excavated earth shall not be placed
within one meter of the trench reinforcement cement concrete RCC.

BASEMENT:

The basement with RR masonry in CM 1:5 using first class blue granite, metal with 450mm
width, 600 mm height are proposed the clear dry river sand in purpose of filling the basement.
The base concrete is also made with CC 1:4:8 to over sand filling.

DPC:

The top of the basement structure of DPC provided with 20mm thick using crude oil 5% by
weight of cement in used.

SUPER STRUCTURE:

The superstructure of the building with brick in CM 1:5 mix using first class bricks of size
19*19*9cm of 230mm width and height up to 3mm with parapet at the height of 600mm is
provided.

ROOFING:
The roofing of the structure will be RCC slab of 1:1.5:3 mix using 20mm IS gauge hard broken
granite chips weathering course with jelly with lime concrete and top finished with pressed tiles
of 20*20*2cm size.

FLOORING:

The top is finished smooth with a trowel floor finish with marbles.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

After referring a lot of books related to reinforced concrete structure, we have to arrive the
design and design procedures for this project as per the some standard reference. Slabs are
designed by using the ratio of the longer span of shorter span; this may help to find the types of
slab. And other calculation of the slab is calculated by using some design methods as per IS 456-
2000 beams and columns are designed as per code provision like that IS CODE AND NBC
CODE. The load from the column hall is transmitted into the footing. The design of footing may
be done by based on safe bearing capacity of the soil. The compressive stress in concrete at the
base of column OR pedestal shall be considered during the design of the column. The live load is
variable but does not exceed three quarters of the dead load, or the nature of the live load is the
wall panels will be loaded simultaneously. Moments may be assumed to occur at all sections
when full design live load is on the entire slab system. On the design of footing (IS 456-1978)
for sloped footing the effective cross section in compression shall be limited by the area above
the general plan, and the angle of slope or depth and location of steps shall be such that the
design. The locker room wall is constructed by RCC (1:1.5:3) with 300mm kitchen. The floor
may be of RCC (1:1.5:3) mm. Door and ventilation of the locker room shall be fixed as per the
manufacture specification.

A SQUARE FOOTINGS DESIGN FOR A G+3 APARTMENT BUILDING:

Given:

Dead load = 507kN

Imposed load= 500KN

Breadth= depth= 300mm

The Safe bearing capacity of the soil (qu)= 200KN/m^2

Factored (qu)=1.5x200=300kN/m^2

Solution:

Size of footing:

Dead load + imposed load = 1007KN

Wu=1007 KN

Factored area = 1007/1.5x 200

= 3.35m^2

Side of square footing:

(3.35)^(1/2)

= 1.83m =2m

Adopt square footing of size = 1.83X1.83m

Factored soil pressure at the base:

=1007/(1.83)^2

251<300KN/m^2

Hence the footing area is adequate

Factored of bending moment:

Cantilever projection from the face of column

=0.5(2-0.3)

=0.85m

Bending moment of either side:

=qul^2/2

=1.5 (200X0.85^2) /2

=108.375KN.m

Depth of footing:

Moment:

Mu =0.138fckbd^2

d = (Mu/0.138fckb) ^ (1/2)

= (108.375X10^6/0.138X20X1000) ^ (1/2)

d =198.157mm
Depth from shear consideration shear force per meter width:

=251 ( (2000/2) - (300/2) -d) n

Ɩc = 0.36N/mm^2

For M20 grade concrete with nominal percentage of reinforcement

P=0.25

Ɩc=vu/bd

0. 251x (850-d) /1000d

360d= 213350-251d

611d= 213350

d =350MM

D = 350+50

=400mm

Reinforcement:

Mu=0.87x Fy x ast x d x (1- (ast x fy/bdfck)

108.375 x 10^6 = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 350 x (1-5.92 x 10^-5ast)

ast = 906.22mm^2

Provided 16mm diameter rod and 250mmc/c

Check for shear stress:

Vu = 251 (850-350) x 10^-3

Vu = 125.5KN

P = 100ast/bd

P = 0.407

From tabel19 of IS456 -2000 the permissible shear

Stress

ksƖc=1 x 0.609 = 0.61N/mm^2

Nominal shear stress = Ɩv = Vu/bd

Ɩv = 0.709N/mm^2

Ɩv<ksƖc shear stress within safe permissible limits.

DESIGN OF R.C SLAB FOR A G+3 APARTMENT BUILDINGS:

Given:

Roof size=4.5 x 3m

LX = 3m

LY = 4.5m

LY/LX = 1.5m

Fck = 25N/mm^2

Fy = 415N/mm^2

Solution:

Depth of slab:

As the ratio of long to short span 1.5 which is

<2 the slab has to be designed as a 2-way slab.

As the loading condition exceed 3KN/mm^2

Adopt a span/effective depth ratio of 25

d = 4500/25

=180mm

D=180 + 25

=205mm

Effective span:

Clear span + effective depth

=3 + 0.18
 =3.18m

Loads:

Self wt=0.205 x 1 x 25 = 5.125KN/m^2

Live load=3KN/m^2

Floor finishes = 1KN/m^2

Service load = 9.33KN/m^2

Wu=1.5 x 9.33 = 13.995KN/m^2

Ultimate design moment and shear force:

Αx = 0.066; αy=0.048

Mux = (αxwulx^2) = 9.34KN.m

Muy = (αywuly^2=6.793KN.m

Vux = 0.5wulx = 22.25KN

Check for depth:

Consideration the maximum moment of

d = (9.34 x 10^6/0.138 x 20 x 10^3)^(1/2)

=58.172mm

Which is less than d = 180mm

Hence the d selected is sufficient to resist the maximum design

Moment.

Reinforcement for negative and positive moment:

Short span:

Mu=0.87 fyastd (1 - (astfy/bdfck))

9.34 x 10^6= 0.87 x 415 x ast x 180 x (1-(ast415/10^3 x 180 x 25))

ast = 146MM^2
Provide 10MM diameter bars

Spacing = 10^3 x 78.53/146

=537.94mm

This is more than 3d

3 x 180=540mm

Hence adopt maximum spacing of 540mm. Provided 10mm diameter

Bars

=78.53/540

=0.145X10^-3

ast = 145.4mm

(Mux) p < (Mux) n provided the same spacing.

Long span:

Provided 10mm diameter bar.

520mm spacing in both directions.

Check for shear stress:

Considering a short span and the width of the slab.

Ɩv = vu/bd

=22.85 x 10^3/10^3 x 180

=0.1269N/mm^2

Pt = 100ast/bd

=0.080

Ɩc = 0.135N/mm^2

kƖc = 0.175N/mm^2

Which is greater than Ɩc=0.12N/mm^2

Hence the shear stress is within safe permissible limits

 Check for deflection control:

(l/d) basic=25

for pt = 0.17; kt = 1

25 x 1 x 1=25

(L/D) actual = 17.67

17.65 < 25

Deflection control is satisfied.

Check for crack control:

Spacing adopted is 360mm

Reinforcement minimum = 0.12 percentage

0.0012 x 205 x 1000

=246mm^2

Which is less than that provided

Diameter of reinforcement

D/8<205/8<25mm

Which is more than the diameter of rod provided as 10mm.

Torsion reinforcement at corner:

Area of tensile steel provided on each of the corners in 4layers

=0.75 x ast

=0.75 x 145.4

=109.05mm^2

The length over which torsion steel is provided

= (1/5) x short span

= 0.2 x 3000

= 600mm
Provided 6mm diameter bars at 240mm center for a length of 600mm

At all 4 –corner in 4-layer

Reinforcement in edge strips:

Ast = 0.12percentage

0.0012 x 10^3 x 205

=246mm^2/m

Provided 10mm diameter bars at 500mm centers.

PRESSURE LOAD REACTION OF SLAB DESIGN:

PRESSURE LOAD = 10KN/m^2

DESIGN OF STAIR CASE IN G+3 APARTMENT BUILDING:

Given :

Numbers of steps in flight =7

Tread T=300mm

Rise R=150mm

Width of landing beams= 300mm

 M20 grade concrete fck=20N/mm^2

fe415 HYSD bars fy=415N/mm^2

Effective span:

L=7 x 300 +300

=2400mm

=2.4m

Thickness of waist slab = (span/20)

=2400/20

=120mm

Effective depth =d=95mm

Loads:

Dead loads of slab on slope = ws = ( 0.12 x 1X25)

=3KN/m

Dead load of slab on horizontal span is

W = (ws(r^2+t^2)^(1/2)/t)

W = 3.35KN/m

Dead load of one step = (0.5 x 0.15 x 0.3 x 25)

=0.56KN/m

Load of steps per meter length = (0.56 x 10^3/300)

=1.86KN/m

Finishes etc = 0.53KN/m

Total dead load = (3.35+1.86+0.53)

=5.74KN/m

Service live load =5KN/m

Total service load =5.74+5

=10.7KN/m

Factored load =1.5X10.74

=16.11KN/m

Bending moment:

The Maximum bending moment at center of span is: M=0.125wul^2

=0.125 x 16.11 x 2.4^2

=32.22KN/m

Check for depth of waist slab:

d = (mu/0.138fckb)^(1/2)

=108.5mm

94.2mm < 95mm (provided)

Hence safe

Main reinforcement:

Mu=0.87 x 415 x ast x d(1-(415ast/bdfck))

32.22 x 10^6=0.87 x 415ast x 95(1-(415ast/1000 x 95 x 20))

Ast = 1319.64mm^2

Provided 12mm diameter bars at 200mm centers

Distribution reinforcement:

=0.12percent x 1000 x 120

=0.0012 x 1000 x 120

=144mm^2/m

Provided 8mm diameter bars at 200mm centers

Design using SP-16 design chart

Compute the design parameter :

 (Mu/bd^2)= 32.22 x 10^6/1000 x 120^2

=2.2375

Refer table 2 of SP-16 design table corresponding to fck =20N/mm^2 and

read out the percentage of reinforcement as:

ast = (pbd/100)

= 0.669 x 1000 x 120/100

= 802.8mm^2/m

The reinforcement quantity is the same as that obtained by analytical

Method.

DESIGN OF G+3 APARTMENT BUILDING COMPONENTS:

COLUMN DESIGN

STAAD.PRO OUTPUTS:

C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7,C8,C9,C10,C12,C13,C14,C15,C16,C17,C18,C19,C20,C21

DESIGN OF BEAM
STAAD.PRO OUTPUTS:

SPAN LENGTH = 4.5m

SPAN LENGTH: 1.25m

SPAN LENGTH= 1.5m

4.5m Beam Reactions:

1.25m Beam Reactions:

1.5m Beam Reactions:
LOAD DISPLACEMENT DETAILS FOR STRUCTURAL WORKS:

DEAD LOAD = 2.25KN

BENDING REACTIONS FOR DEADLOAD:

LIVE LOAD = 20KN\M

BENDING REACTION FOR LIVE LOAD

CONCLUSION:

The planning and designing of the AN APARTMENT BUILDING has been completed
effectively in our project. If this is constructed on the proposed site, it will be very help full to
our people. We all the members of our team have learned to plan a building with referring to
NATIONAL BUILDING OF INDIA 2005. This project is a very useful to learn about the
design of the structural elements like beams , column and slabs by using IS 456-2000. The
important thing that we have done were referring to lots of books for designing, and we are very
much satisfied with exposing to field design.
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