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Lecture 19 May part 1

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Lecture 19 May part 1

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hs2141741
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© © All Rights Reserved
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(Chapter 5)

Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid


Example 5.3 (Series Stub Matching)
 Match the load ZL = 100 + j80 Ω with transmission line
of Zo 50 Ω at 2 GHz using series open stub tune network.
Solution:
 Normalized impedance zL = 2 + 1.6j
 Draw SWR circle
 Use impedance Smith chart
 SWR circle intersects the 1 + jb circle at two points z1
and z2 where z1 = 1 + 1.4j, z2 = 1 − 1.4j
 Read possible distances of stub from load as d1 and d2
 Find appropriate length of stub to match the line
2
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS
Along WTG Scale

1) Mark zL=2+1.6j l1
d2
2) Consider Z chart

3) Draw SWR circle z2


zL
4) Find z1 and z2

6) Required reactance
1.33j , -1.33j
d1
7) Stub lengths along
WTG scale 0.103λ z1
and 0.397λ

l2

3
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS
Example 5.3 (Solution)
 d1 = 0.328 − 0.208 = 0.120λ,
 d2 = (0.5 − 0.208) + 0.172 = 0.463λ
 z1 = 1 − j1.33 (l1 = 0.375λ)
 z2 = 1 + j1.33 (l2 = 0.103λ)

Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS 4


Balanced Stubs
 Unbalanced stubs often replaced by balanced stubs
 Unbalanced stubs can be converted to balanced stubs
 If jx is the reactance of single stub, reactance of each arm
of balanced stub must be half of jx. (use Smith chart)
 Single open stub conversion
lSB
2 ls 
ls
  −1
lSB = tan  2 tan 
2   
 Single short stub conversion
 −1  1 2 ls 
lSB = tan  tan 
2 2  
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS 5
Stub Matching in Amplifiers
 DC Biasing circuit decides class A, B, C, or AB
 Source and load needs separate matching circuits
 Matching circuits decide type of amplifier: Low-Noise
Amp (LNA), high-gain amp, or high-power amplifier

6
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS
Example (12.3 Matching in Amplifiers)
 Use single shunt open stub technique to design input and
output matching networks for a transistor with Гs =
0.872<123o and ГL = 0.876<61o. Load and source are at
50 Ω.
 Solution:
(Topology used)

Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS 7


Example (Matching in Amplifiers)
 Input matching
 Гs = 0.872<123o

Load

Source

8
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS
Example (Matching in Amplifiers)
 Output matching
 ГL = 0.876<61o

Load

Source

9
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS
Double Stub Matching
 Disadvantage of single stub is fixed location of stub
from given load
 That is why it’s not a tunable & move-able solution
 Solution is double stub tuner
 Parameters to find are l1, l2 and d

Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS 10


Auxiliary Circle
 Inter-stub distance ‘d’ corresponds to auxiliary circle
 Rotate 1+jb circle anti-clockwise (WTL) by amount dλ
 ‘d’ is usually chosen as λ/8 or 3λ/8
 Shaded circle is the forbidden region for matching
d
Rotated
Unit conductance
circle

1+jb circle

Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE342, MCS 11


Procedure: Double Stub Matching
 Find normalized zL
 Draw the circle of SWR
 Determine yL on the chart
 Draw the rotated 1+jb
(auxiliary) circle
 Find b1 at location y1 by
moving clockwise on constant
‘r’ to auxiliary circle
 Draw SWR circle at y1 find
intersection with 1+jx circle,
to find y2
 Find length of stub b2 to match

Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS 12


Example 5.4
 Design a double-stub shunt tuner to match a ZL = 60 − j80
to a 50 Ω line. The stubs are to be open-circuited stubs and
are spaced λ/8 apart. Assuming that this ZL consists of a
series resistor and capacitor, match frequency is 2 GHz.
Solution:
 Normalized yL is 0.3 + 0.4j
 Rotate 1+jb circle by λ/8
 y1 = 0.3 + j1.71 y1’ = 0.3 + j0.285
 Find b1 = 1.314 or b1’ = −0.114 (react. to be balanced)
 y2 = 1 − j3.38 or y2’ = 1 + j1.38
 b2 = 3.38 or b2’ = −1.38.
 l1 = 0.146λ, l2 = 0.204λ or l1’ = 0.482λ, l2’ = 0.350λ
13
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS
Example 5.4

b1 y1

y2’
yL

b2’

b2 14
y2
Effective Movements

Solution 1 Solution 2
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS 15
Example 5.4 (Solution)

Note: l1 corresponds to the same b1 but l2 corresponds to –b2

Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS 16


Practical Stub Tuners
 Practical double stub tuners have tune-able short stubs
 Lengths of the stubs are adjustable
 Distance between stubs is λ/8 or 3λ/8

Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS 17


ADS Utility on Impedance Matching

Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS 18


Smith Chart Utility in ADS (Impedance Matching)

Example 5.1
19
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 342, MCS
The End

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