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2206171-EXP 4

The document details an experiment conducted in the Electrical Circuits II Laboratory, focusing on sub-circuits and three-phase circuits. It includes calculations of phase differences, average power, real power, reactive power, and complex power, along with discussions on power factor correction and the impact of unbalanced loads. Key insights were gained on the relationships between line and phase voltages, power parameters, and the use of simulation tools for analyzing circuit behaviors.

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Kazi Abdullah Al Farabi
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9 views

2206171-EXP 4

The document details an experiment conducted in the Electrical Circuits II Laboratory, focusing on sub-circuits and three-phase circuits. It includes calculations of phase differences, average power, real power, reactive power, and complex power, along with discussions on power factor correction and the impact of unbalanced loads. Key insights were gained on the relationships between line and phase voltages, power parameters, and the use of simulation tools for analyzing circuit behaviors.

Uploaded by

Kazi Abdullah Al Farabi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course No: EEE 106

Course Title: Electrical Circuits II Laboratory

Experiment No: 04
Name of the Experiment: Sub-Circuits using Net listing and
Schematics and Three Phase Circuits.

Submitted By:

K.M.ADIB AL MAHDI
ID: 2206171
Section: C2
Date of submission: 07 December 2024
SOLUTION TO PROBLEM-1:
i)

Phase difference,Δθ = 360*50*(105.004-103.334) *10^-3= 30.06°


It follows the relation VL=√3*VP∠30∘.(from the book)
ii)

Phase difference,Δθ = 360*50*(67.271m-65.601m) = 30.06°


The relations match the relation in book IL=√3*Ip∠-30∘.
IR(1) is phase current and IR(4) is line current.
iii)

Vm peak=226.228V and Im peak=3.707A


iv)

Significance of offset is that it indicates the DC


power or average power,positive power means
that the source is supplying power to load and
converting it to non electrical power and negative
part means that load is supplying power back to
source.

Average power dissipated across load can be found by adding the


upper and lower peaks and dividing it by 2..in short finding the
offset yields average power.here,offset happens to be at 343.67
watts.

The frequency of instantaneous power is twice that of the


frequency of Voltage current.
V)
a) Average power from plot is ,P=3*343.67W=1043.01W
b) Real power is same as average power
c) Non electrical power is same as real power.
d) Reactive power==3*Ptanθ=3*Ptan(34.992)=730.106 VAR
e)Apparent power is,|S|=1273.1556 VA.
f) Complex power is S==1043.01+730.106j VA

Vi) For the line:

A) The power factor=.707


B) Real power,P=3*((995.6-170.81)/2)=1238.334W
C) Average power=1238.334W
D) Power converted to non electrical energy=1238.334W.
E) Reactive power,Q=1238.334*tan(45)=1238.334VAR
F) Apparent power,|S|=618.6615*1.414=1751.27VA
G) Complex power,S= 1238.334+1238.334j VA

Vii)
For single Phase equivalent we must use Zy instead of Zdel..
Zy=Zdel/3=16.667+11.667j
So,L=11.667/(2pi*50)=.03714H.
V1=220<0
V2=220<-120
V3=220<120 in the diagram drawn below:

Viii)It isn’t specified whether to Correct the load


only or the whole circuit..
For the whole circuit correction will look like this:
Using the given formula in book only one of the values can be found.But to find both of them,general
method has to be used.Now,one might be confused why Xc=omega*C..its because I assumed
Xc=omega*C for simplicity in calculation..I shoud’ve used a different variable name to avoid
confusion.
For correcting only the load the correction will look like following:

SOLUTION OF PROBLEM NUMBER 2:

As the frequency isn’t given in the problem,I assume it to be 50 Hz.

Also,I didn’t consider the 2nd neural put on the load,as it will make
the neural line impedance shorted and current through it will be
zero.According to rule of +ve sequence anticlockwise rotation of
phase will take place.So,In a positive sequence system,
Van leads Vbn, which leads Vcn.So:
Van leads Vbn by 120°.
Vbn leads Vcn by 120°.

V1 is 170V and 0 degree phase,


V2 is 170V and -120 degree phase,
V3 is 170V and 120 degree phase,
a)

Here,I(R1)=Ia,I(R4)=Ib,I(R3)=Ic,I(R2)=In.
Peak value of
Ia=3.81 A,
Ib=3.54A,
Ic=3.07 A,
In=3.1A.
This may appear to violate In=-(Ia+Ib+Ic) formula,But KCL rule is
applied in phasor.So,taking that into consideration,KCL is verfied in
neutral node.Also,there is very slight decimal variations due to
pspice not plotting the peak point perfectly due to slightly large
print step in transient setup.
b)
Power loss in line a:

Average power dissipated=(80.448-65.949)/2=7.2495W


Power loss in line b:

Average power dissipated=(69.087-56.585)/2=6.251W

Power loss in line c:

Average power dissipated=(45.914-37.773)/2=4.705W


Power loss in neutral line:

Average power dissipated=(54.421-44.614)/2=4.9035W

N. B.:+ve sequence and loads were taken as mentioned in question.

C)
Power factor of load a:

Pf of load a=cos(360*50*(88.238-85.738)*10^-3)=0.7071(lagging)
Power factor of load b:

Pf of load b=cos(360*50*(73.227-72.597)*10^-3)=0.9805(lagging)

Power factor of load C:

Pf of load C=cos(360*50*(102.389-97.789)*10^-3)= .125(lagging)

D)
Power absorbed by load-a:

Average/Real power across load a,Pa=(350.102-60.068)/2=145W


However Pf of load a=0.707(lead)
Reactive power,Qa=Patan(45)=145VAR(as current leads by 45
degree)
Complex power, Sa=145+145j VA

Power absorbed by load-b:

Average/Real power across load b,Pb=(631.296-6.1892)/2=312.55W


However Pf of load b=0.9805
Reactive power,Qb=Pbtan(cos^-1(0.9805))=62.6435 VAR
Complex power,Sb=312.55+62.6435j VA

Power absorbed by load-C:

Average/Real power across load c,


Pc=(248.858-203.822)/2=22.518W
However Pf of load c=0.1253(lag)
Reactive power,Qc=Pctan(cos^-1(0.1253))=178.3 VAR
Complex power,Sc=22.518+178.3j VA

So,Total power across loads:


S=Sa+Sb+Sc=480.068+382.943j

Discussion:
The experiment offered valuable insights into the functioning of both
balanced and unbalanced three-phase circuits. By simulating and
analyzing these circuits, we gained a deeper understanding of the
relationships between line and phase voltages and currents in Y-Delta
configurations. We also explored critical power parameters—real,
reactive, and apparent power—while learning how to calculate them
and visualize their interactions using phasor diagrams and power
waveforms.
A key takeaway was the impact of power factor on system performance.
A poor power factor increases the current, resulting in energy
inefficiencies and greater power losses. However, by implementing
power factor correction methods, such as introducing capacitors, we
were able to balance reactive power and significantly enhance overall
system efficiency. This improved voltage stability, reduced losses, and
optimized energy management.
The experiment also highlighted the complexities of unbalanced loads,
where we practiced calculating neutral currents and observed their
effects on power losses. Simulation tools like PSpice, alongside
theoretical calculations, played a crucial role in modeling and verifying
circuit behaviors, offering a practical platform to enhance our
understanding of three-phase power systems. Ultimately, this
experience underscored the importance of both power factor correction
and simulation tools in designing and optimizing electrical systems for
better performance.

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