Guidelines and Procedures

in Reporting Crime Incidents

(PNP MC No. 2018-050)
RECORDING OF CRIME INCIDENTS

As a general rule, recording of crime incidents shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Revised
Penal Code and Special Laws.

Crime Information Reporting and Analysis System (CIRAS)

Formerly the e-Blotter system that sets a standard procedure by which all crime incidents reported to
the police stations are electronically stored in a database.

Incident Record Form (IRF)

Is the output of CIRAS. It contains the data of the complainant, victim, suspect, case details and the
narrative of the incident. The entries in the IRF shall be entered and recorded into the Police Blotter.

A copy of the IRF shall also form part of the case folder and shall serve as documentary evidence
of the case.

Crime Statistics

Crime statistics refer to systematic, quantitative results about crime. It also provide a mathematical
measure of the level or amount of crime that is prevalent in societies. It usually refers to figures
compiled by the Police and similar law enforcement agencies.

Total Crime Incidents (TCI)

This pertains to the number of crime incidents committed in a given area over a period of time that are
reported and recorded in the police blotter.
Peace and Order Indicator (POI)

An incident which categorizes crime incidents that reflect the true picture of crime, and peace and order
situation of a particular community. This comprises the totality of Index and Non-Index Crimes.

8 Special Complex Crimes (Composite/Single Indivisible Crime)

The same shall be recorded as follows:

1) Rape with Homicide

2) Kidnapping with Homicide

3) Kidnapping with Rape

4) Robbery with Homicide

5) Robbery with Serious Physical Injury

6) Robbery with Rape

7) Robbery with Arson

8) Arson with Homicide

Non-Index Crime

Violation of Special Laws and RPC that are NOT categorized as index crimes. EXCLUDED herein are
Reckless Imprudence, Vehicular Incidents, and Other Quasi-Offenses under the provision of RPC.

Public Safety Indicator (PSI)

An index which categorizes incidents and culpable felonies that reflect the public safety situation of a
particular community. This comprises the totality of vehicular incidents and other quasi-offenses
punishable under the RPC.

Traffic Violations and Traffic Incidents

a) All Traffic Violations under the Land Transportation and Traffic Code (RA No. 4136) and
other Special Laws shall be recorded in the CIRAS.

b) Vehicular Incident shall be recorded in CIRAS regardless of the resulting consequences

and outcome (death, physical injuries or damage to properties).

c) Traffic cases in violation of provincial, city, or municipal ordinances shall not be

recorded in the CIRAS.

Other Quasi-Offenses

Culpable felonies as a product of negligence, imprudence, lack of skill and/or lack of foresight punishable
under Art 365 of the RPC other than vehicular incidents.
 Crimes Cleared, Crimes Solved and Crime Rate

Crimes Cleared

A crime shall be considered cleared when:

 at least one of the offender(s) has been Identified,

 there is sufficient evidence to charge him, and

 he has been charged before the prosecutor’s office or any other court of appropriate
jurisdiction.

Crime Clearance Efficiency (CCE)

The efficiency of the police expressed in percentage as to the number of crime cleared by the police out
of the total number of crime incidents that are recorded into the police blotter for a given period of
time.
Crimes Solved

NAPOLCOM Memo Circular No. 94-017

1. A case shall be considered solved when the following elements concur:

a) The offender has been identified;

b) There is sufficient evidence to charge him;

c) The offender has actually been taken into custody; and

d) The offender has actually been charged before the prosecutor’s office or court
of appropriate jurisdiction.

2. A case shall also be considered solved when some elements beyond police control prevent the
arrest of the offender, such as when the victim refuses to prosecute after the offender is
identified or the offender dies or absconds.

3. 3. The arrest of one offender can solve several crimes or several offenders may be arrested in
the process of solving one crime.

Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE)

The efficiency of the police expressed in percentage on the number of cases solved by the police out of
the total number of crime incidents that are recorded into the police blotter for a given period of time.

Crime Rate (CR)

It is the number of crime incidents in a given period of time for every 100,000 inhabitants of an area.
Average Monthly Crime Rate Formula

RELATED TERMINOLOGIES

Violations of Local Ordinances

Violation of provincial, city, municipal and barangay ordinances shall not be counted due to its non-
applicability nationwide and the same is not considered as crime.

Frustrated and Attempted Stages

Shall be recorded as it is, i.e. Attempted Murder shall be recorded as Attempted Murder and Frustrated
Murder shall be recorded as Frustrated Murder based on the Revised Penal Code (RPC).

Found Cadaver

In cases of found dead body of a person as possible result of a crime, the incident shall be initially
treated either murder or homicide based on the presence of pieces of evidence and/or elements
indicating the crime committed, to be updated later as murder, homicide or non-crime incident through
the result of the final investigation.

Reported Missing Person

Incident of reported missing person who was not located after 24 hours and missing children shall be
recorded initially as non-crime. However, if such missing person or missing child is believed to be a
victim of violence and crime like kidnapping, abduction, enforced disappearance, human trafficking and
others, then it shall be recorded accordingly.
Cattle Rustling

Cattle Rustling under LOI UCPER 02/09 shall now be delisted from the category of Index Crime and shall
be treated as Non- Index Crime. Owing to the advancement in technology and with the introduction of
various modern farm implements, the carabao/cattle has ceased to become an indispensable “beast of
burden”. As observed, the number of theft committed on cattle has decreased for the past years.

Suicide, Parricide & Infanticide

Suicide shall not be counted as a crime considering that it is not considered as such under the RPC and
other special laws. Other offenses that are considered self-inflicted in nature shall not be recorded as
crime incident due to the absence of viable complainant and competent witness.

Parricide and Infanticide shall be recorded as it is and be counted in the category of murder.

Service of Warrant

Should not be counted as crime but instead an update of that specific case and the same shall be
reflected in the CIDMS and e-Wanted Person Information System (e-Warrant). By updating the status of
the arrested suspect, the subject crime of the warrant of arrest will be updated/ counted as solved.

Barangay Cases

Incidents initially reported to the police station but referable and within the jurisdiction of the
Katarungang Pambarangay for conciliation and arbitration shall not be recorded in the CIRAS.

However, if the parties failed to settle at the barangay and were referred back to the Police with
a Certificate to File Action, the Police Station shall then take cognizance of the case and include it in the
CIRAS of the station.

Other Law Enforcement Agencies

a) Arrests made by police officers for violation of Special Laws being enforced also by OLEA (e.g.
environmental laws, fisheries laws and others) shall be recorded in the CIRAS.

b) Cases referred to OLEAs which did not entail any police intervention shall NOT be encoded in
the CIRAS.
Cases Involving Women and ChildrenViolations of:

Although treated with utmost confidentiality as provided by law, shall be included in the
recording into the CIRAS using WCPC account and categorized as Non-Index Crimes.

CRIME ANALYSIS

Crime analysis is a law enforcement function that involves systematic analysis for identifying and
analyzing patterns and trends in crime and disorder.

Types of Crime Analysis

1. Tactical Crime Analysis - Crime analysis data is used to promote a quick response to field
situations.

2. Strategic Crime Analysis - Furnishes information concerning long-range problems. Strategic

crime analysts provide data relative to long-term increases or decreases in crime (crime trend
data).

3. Administrative Crime Analysis - Focuses on the provision of economic, geographic or social

information to administrators.
 THE CRIME ANALYSIS PROCESS

The Five (5) processes inherent in crime analysis are:

 Data Collection

 Data Collation

 Data Analysis

 Data Dissemination

 Feedback and Evaluation

Data Collection

Data collection may be defined as the gathering of specified raw data taken from crime
reports and other law enforcement documents. Data collected here can be considered as the
life blood of crime analysis operation. Main document – blotter reports, reports from field units.

Data Collation

Defined as the indexing, sorting and storage of raw data, data collation is the next step
in the crime analysis process. Raw data, by itself, is seldom of much value. Not until like items
can be considered together will the analyst be able to provide meaning to the data.

Data Analysis

Defined as examination and processing of information that results in the development

of recognizable patterns of criminal activity and in the identification of offenders.

Data Dissemination

Data dissemination may be defined as the distribution of crime analysis information

which is used to develop directed patrol and tactical action plans. Assist continuing
investigations and crime prevention efforts and facilitate

Feedback and Evaluation

Feedback may be defined as information resulting from the establishment of formal and
informal communication processes implemented to determine the accuracy, reliability, validity,
timeliness and overall usefulness of crime analysis products and services.