THE UNFOLDING PATH OF MY

JOURNEY AT THE BUREAU OF FIRE

PROTECTION AND PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE
Ramon, Isabela

In Partial Fulfillment Requirement of the Course

On-The-Job-Training
Northeastern College
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Submitted to:
PCPT. GREGORIO C. PASCUA JR.
COMMANDER

Submitted by:
RAIZ, PATRICK PAUL A.
BS Criminology
San Mateo, Isabela

Training Period (October 2024-March 2025)

May 02, 2025

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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PART I
PRELIMINARIES

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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APPROVAL SHEET

This narrative report entitled ON-THE-JOB TRAINING EXPERIENCES AT

RAMON FIRE STATION (BFP) and RAMON MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION (PNP),

prepared and submitted by PATRICK PAUL A. RAIZ, in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the course Bachelor of Science in Criminology, is hereby

recommended for approval.

PCPT. GREGORIO C. PASCUA JR.

On-the- Job Training Coordinator

Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Program
Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

PCPT. GREGORIO C. PASCUA JR.

Program Coordinator, Criminology

WILLIAM C. DELA CRUZ JR., MSCJ

Coordinator, College of Criminology

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

My deepest gratitude and appreciation, I would like to give thanks to the people
who patiently helped me in making my On-the-Job training possible; who assisted and
guided him all throughout for without them, it would be impossible to complete this piece
of work.

To the institution where I studying, Northeastern College, for showing unfailing

concern towards student welfare and to where I was molded to become who I am.

To PCpt. Gregorio C. Pascua Jr., On-The-Job-Training Coordinator of

Criminology and Sir William C. Dela Cruz Jr., MSCJ Coordinator of Criminology, for
their patience, guidance and support in the conduct of this program.

To the administration and all personnel of the Philippine National Police and
Bureau of Fire Protection for their time and expertise and who patiently imparted their
knowledge in order for us to acquire a better future.

To my parents and siblings, for their unending love and support for providing all
of my needs financially and morally for their patience and understanding, and to all my
relatives who concerned for my safety.

To my classmates and friends, who are always there give support and advice, and
the memories that they have shared.

Above all, to Almighty GOD, for His immeasurable love and for all the blessings
He has showered upon him.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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DEDICATION

I would like to dedicate this piece of work to the following people; to my parents,

Mr. Lodencio C. Raiz and Mrs. Jocelyn A. Raiz, to my siblings, Maiden Joy R. Opido and

Peter John A. Raiz, lastly to my girlfriend for loving me unconditionally, to support me

and raised me on having discipline and good values.

To the Criminology Society, to the instructors, to the agencies wherein he had his

on-the-job training, to his classmates, friends and loved ones, who always encouraged

him to give his best and serve as his inspiration.

And finally, to the Almighty God who is the source of his strength and

knowledge that keeps him healthy and safe during his training.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. PRELIMINARIES

Title Page.............................................................................................1

Approval Sheet....................................................................................3

Acknowledgment……………………………...…………………………...4

Dedication……………………………...…………………………………..5

Table of Contents …………………………..……………………………..6

Preface……………………………...………………………………………8

Introduction……………………………...………………………………....9

Objectives of On-the-Job Training……………………………...………14

Duties of On-the-Job Trainee…………………………………..............15

II. BODY OF THE NARRATIVE REPORT

A. History

 Bureau of Fire Protection………………………….................17

 Philippine National Police…………………………….………..19

B. Philosophy, Mission, Vision and Organizational Structure

 Bureau of Fire Protection …………………….………………...20

C. Work Experiences

 Ramon Fire Station…….…………………….………….……...26

 Ramon Municipal Police Station…………………...…….…....44

Significant Training and Its Importance BFP………….…..……........57

Significant Training and Its Importance PNP……………..……........63

The Quad Concept BFP ……………………………………………….72

The Quad Concept BFP ……………………………………………….79

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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Analysis BFP………………………………………………………..87

Analysis PNP………………………………………………………..96

Recommendation BFP………………………………………….....104

Recommendation PNP………………………………………….....106

III. APPENDICES

Appendix A – Certificates…………………………………………109

Appendix B – Documentations……………………………………112

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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PREFACE

On-the-job training or internship is one way by which students are given an

opportunity to apply the theories that they have learned from school. It also helps to

obtain applicable knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. Colleges

and universities require their students to undergo such training within a specific number

of hours as part of the curriculum.

This narrative report has been written as a product of the intern’s On-the-Job

Training experiences at Bureau of Fire Protection and Philippine National Police during

the First and Second Semester of Academic Year 2024-2025.

The first part is the Preliminaries which consist of the Title Page,

Acknowledgement, Dedication, Table of Contents, Preface, Introduction, Objectives of

On-the-Job Training, and Duties and Responsibilities of On-the-Job Trainee.

The second part is the body of the narrative report features the History,

Philosophy, Mission, Vision, and Organizational structure of the different agencies. Also,

the Working Experiences with the Personnel, Insight from the Work Experience,

Problems Encountered, Suggestions and Comments.

The Appendices contain pertinent documents such as Memorandum of

Agreement and Letters, Performance Evaluation Sheet, Daily Time Records,

Certificates, Documentations, and Curriculum Vitae.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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Introduction

On-the-Job Training (OJT) is an important educational component of the

Philippine National Police and the Bureau of Fire Protection. It bridges the gap between

academic learning and real-world application. In terms of public safety in the Philippines,

OJT plays an essential role in training students and aspiring professionals for

employment in government service. The Philippine National Police (PNP) and the

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) are two of the most recognized institutions that provide

students with on-the-job training opportunities. These organizations give trainees

significant experience by exposing them to the demands and reality of law enforcement

and firefighting, respectively.

The Philippine National Police (PNP) serves as a major law enforcement agency

in the Philippines. Its mission is to enforce the law, prevent and control crime, preserve

peace and order, and protect public safety and internal security.

The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), on the other hand, is responsible for

preventing and extinguishing all destructive fires, researching their causes, and

enforcing fire-related laws and regulations.

Both agencies operate under the Department of the Interior and Local

Government (DILG) and offer OJT programs for students of criminology, fire science,

public safety, and related disciplines. Purpose and Importance of OJT On-the-Job

Training is a structured program that allows students to apply what they have learned in

the classroom to actual professional environments. It is a vital phase in a student's

education, offering practical experience that can’t be replicated in school. For PNP and

BFP trainees, OJT develops essential skills in areas such as communication, teamwork,

discipline, and problem-solving while also allowing students to observe professional

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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standards, ethics, and operational protocols. Through OJT, students gain a clearer

understanding of the expectations and responsibilities tied to careers in public service.

This experience not only strengthens their knowledge base but also nurtures their

sense of commitment to serve the nation. Furthermore, it serves as a period of

evaluation for both the student and the host agency: trainees get to assess if the

profession aligns with their career goals, while the agency can evaluate the potential of

future applicants.

OJT in the Philippine National Police (PNP) for criminology students and those

aiming for a career in law enforcement, undergoing OJT in the PNP is often considered

a crucial step. During their training, students are assigned to local police stations or

specialized units depending on their school’s coordination with the agency. They are

exposed to various facets of police work, including desk duties, filing reports, assisting in

traffic management, community relations, and observing actual criminal investigations.

The PNP OJT experience also allows students to become familiar with standard police

protocols, legal procedures, and documentation processes. In some instances, they may

witness the actual conduct of arrests, investigations, and public safety operations. This

real-world exposure helps students apply criminological theories to actual scenarios,

giving them a deeper appreciation of the law enforcement profession.

Apart from operational exposure, the OJT in PNP emphasizes discipline, ethical

behavior, and adherence to rules and regulations. Trainees must present themselves

professionally, follow a chain of command, and demonstrate respect for authority and

colleagues. These aspects are integral to the functioning of any law enforcement unit

and are emphasized during the training period.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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OJT in the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Students who are interested in fire

science or public safety often choose the Bureau of Fire Protection as their OJT

destination. The BFP offers a rich learning environment where trainees can learn about

fire prevention strategies, emergency response tactics, disaster preparedness, and

rescue operations. Trainees are assigned to local fire stations where they observe and

participate in drills, fire safety inspections, public information campaigns, and even minor

rescue operations under supervision.

In addition to fieldwork, OJT in the BFP includes exposure to administrative

duties such as report writing, documentation of fire incidents, and assisting in the

preparation of fire safety plans. They are introduced to the use of firefighting equipment,

safety gear, and emergency tools—giving them practical knowledge that is valuable for

future firefighters or safety officers.

BFP OJT programs also aim to cultivate traits such as quick decision-making,

resilience under pressure, and situational awareness. The ability to respond calmly and

efficiently during emergencies is a critical quality for any fire safety personnel, and BFP

OJT provides opportunities to begin developing these traits early on. Shared Benefits

and Professional Development Both PNP and BFP OJT programs are designed not just

to provide skills but also to nurture public servants who embody integrity, dedication, and

a sense of duty. The hands-on training helps students understand the importance of

teamwork, cooperation, and communication in achieving organizational goals. Exposure

to actual operations enables them to appreciate the complexities of serving the public

and responding to crises. Moreover, trainees often develop a greater respect for the

uniform and the responsibilities that come with it.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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The OJT period is also a formative time where many students make the firm

decision to pursue careers in public safety. Others may decide to follow different but

related paths, such as becoming legal professionals, investigators, safety officers, or

government administrators. From a professional standpoint, students who perform well

during their OJT may receive positive evaluations that boost their resumes and open

doors to future employment. Some even receive job offers or recommendations for

further training or recruitment exams. Challenges and Realizations While OJT offers

numerous benefits, it also comes with challenges. Trainees may be exposed to stressful

situations, unpredictable environments, or the rigors of shift work. Some might

experience the emotional toll of dealing with victims or witnessing emergencies.

However, these experiences often lead to personal growth, resilience, and a stronger

motivation to serve.

OJT also exposes trainees to the limitations of the agencies, such as resource

shortages, bureaucratic constraints, or the dangers faced by public safety workers.

These realizations help students develop a realistic view of their prospective careers,

encouraging them to become change-makers in the future. Conclusion On-the-Job

Training in the Philippine National Police and the Bureau of Fire Protection is a

foundational experience for students aspiring to enter the public safety and law

enforcement sectors. It serves as a crucial bridge between academic learning and

practical application, allowing trainees to grow professionally, emotionally, and ethically.

Through immersion in real-world settings, students gain not only technical skills but also

a deeper understanding of the responsibilities and values required in serving and

protecting the nation. By participating in these programs, trainees are not just observers

—they become part of the institutions they serve, learning from the field and contributing

to the community. Ultimately, OJT in the PNP and BFP cultivates a generation of future

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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professionals who are more prepared, more committed, and more inspired to uphold the

principles of public service in the Philippines.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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OBJECTIVES OF ON-THE-JOB TRAINING

In pursuance of the stated mission, integrated and sequential courses of study

shall be planned utilizing didactic, instruction, discussion, demonstration, laboratory

practice, simulation, individual learning and on-the-job training with the objectives of:

1. Fostering higher concepts of citizenry, accountability and leadership and

an understanding of one’s moral and legal responsibility to his fellowmen,

his community and his country;

2. Preparing the students for careers in crime prevention, law enforcement

and scientific crime detection work;

3. Inspiring and stilling in the students the value of service to humanity.

4. To be aware of the crime problems including knowledge of causal

theories, and the implication of crime statistics; and

5. Implementing the student’s contribution to “police visibility”.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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DUTIES OF ON-THE-JOB TRAINEE

The student trainee shall receive, perform and accomplish duties and

responsibilities assigned or delegated by the head of the student trainee’s, shall abide

with the following duties and responsibilities:

1. Report to the partner agency in complete uniform;

2. Execute and perform tasks in aid to the regular functions of the office

employees such as (a) typing work, receiving, assisting and guiding walk-

in clientele (b) filling and labelling of documents received and prepare in

the office;

3. Submit weekly, monthly and semester accomplishment report;

4. Perform promptly and punctually all task assigned;

6. Join/attend activities of the office where they are assigned as well as the

co-curricular Institution where they are enrolled; and

7. Assist each other and work as a team in the work place.

Note:

No OJT student shall involve himself/herself on tasks pertaining to regular duties

of firemen, jail officers and policeman like police raid, buy bust operation, checkpoint,

arrest and search and the like.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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PART II
THE NARRATIVE
REPORT

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

Fire fighters are born to be heroes, noble men in the name of maintaining the

safety of the general welfare. An individual, who has committed himself in protecting

lives and properties against the threat of destructive fires, and catastrophe, yearned from

various walks of life, the amalgamation of professionals from different endeavors,

doctors, nurses, accountants, engineers, lawyers, criminologists, chemists, teachers,

computer programmers and more. It has created and established a well-founded family

of public servants toward the dedication to provide for the security of a continuous

progress of a nation, the bureau of fire protection.

Fire service was first founded in the year 1900 during the American occupation. It

was first established in manila. 1935, the first Filipino fire chief, in the name of Captain

Lorenzo Jacinto, began the American policy to transfer the reign of responsibility to the

Filipinos. In 1940, Fire Departments were established in neighboring cities and towns.

Then in 1945, the integration of local fire Departments in city/municipality police

forces was founded under the police organization called Philippine Constabulary-

Integrated National Police (PC-INP) by virtue of P.D 765. In 1976, President Ferdinand

Marcos declared the month of March as the “Fire Prevention Month”

In 1977, marked the promulgation of Presidential Decree 1185 other known as

the Fire Code of the Philippines. There are over 7,107 islands in the Philippines, one of

which is Ramon Fire Station started as a Municipal Fire Prevention Office (MFPO), the

Fire Prevention Officer (FPO) assigned at Cordon comes from Santiago City Fire

Station, the nearest fire station of Isabela to Cordon. This FPO serves as the

representative of the Bureau of Fire Protection in the fire prevention activities, and the

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines like fire safety inspection and fire code

fee collection.

On October 19, 2012 Ramon Fire Station started its establishment when a

300sqm lot intended for the construction of a fire station was donated by the Local

Government Unit of Ramon.

Resolution was passed by the Sangguniang Bayan of Ramon, signed by the

Local Chief Executive donating the fire truck being managed by the Local Government of

Ramon to the Bureau of Fire Protection. The said fire truck is in unserviceable condition,

and was junked for almost five years at the municipal motor pool. The fire truck was

rehabilitated by a Non-Government Organization, the Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Marketers Association (LPGMA).

Finally, on April 19, 2013, the newly rehabilitated fire truck was formally turned-

over to the Bureau of Fire Protection; at the same time, the MFPO was formally

established as a full-pledged fire station.

On the 9th day of April 2016, a new additional fire truck was turned-over to Cordon

Fire Station from Bureau of Fire Protection.

On 11th of April 2016, a newly constructed 2-storey fire truck garage and

personnel barracks was finished.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

The Philippine National Police (PNP) originated from the Philippine Constabulary

or the PC, which was inaugurated on August 8, 1901, establishing it as an insular police

force under the American regime. On August 8, 1975, Presidential Decree no. 765 was

issued, establishing the Philippine Constabulary Integrated National Police or the

PC/INP as the country’s national police force. These fragmented and diverse local police

units were integrated into a national police force with the Philippine Constabulary as its

nucleus.

After the People’s Revolution in 1986, a new Constitution was promulgated

providing for a police force, which is “national in scope and civilian in character,”

Consequently, Republic act No. 6975 entitled “An act establishing the Philippine National

Police under the Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG),”

was signed into law on December 13, 1990, which took effect on January 1, 1991.

Subsequently, the PNP was operational on January 29, 1991, whose members were

formerly the PC and the INP and the absorption of the selected members from the major

service units of the Armed Forces of the Philippines such as the Philippine Air Force

Security Command, the Philippine Coast Guard, Philippine Navy, and the Philippine

Army. Thus, to further strengthen the PNP into a highly efficient and competent police

force, Republic Act No.8551 entitled “PNP Reform and the Reorganization Act of 1997”

was enacted on February 17, 1998, amending certain provisions of Republic Act No.

6975.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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B. PHILOSOPHY, MISSION, VISION and ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

MISSION

We commit to prevent and suppress destructive fires, investigate its causes,

enforce fire code and other related laws, and respond to man-made and natural

disasters and other emergencies.

VISION

A modern fire services

Fully capable of ensuring a fire safe nation

by 2034.

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Santiago City, Isabela
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Mandate

The Bureau of Fire Protection was created by virtue of RA 6975 primarily to

perform the following functions:

8. Be responsible for the prevention and suppression of all destructive fires on:

 Building, Houses and other Structures;

 Forest;

 Land Transportation vehicles and equipment;

 Ships and vessels docked at piers or wharves anchored in major sea

ports;

 Petroleum industry installations;

 Plane crashes; and

 Other similar activities

9. Be responsible for the enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines (PD.

1185) and other related laws:

10. Shall have the power to investigate all cause of fires and if necessary, file the

proper complaint with the city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction

over the case:

11. In the time of national emergency, all elements of the BFP shall upon

direction of the President, assist the AFP in meeting the national emergency;

and

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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12. Shall established at least one (1) fire station with adequate personnel,

firefighting facilities and equipment in every provincial capital, city and

municipality subject to standard rules and regulations as maybe promulgated

by the DILG.

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

Embarking on my On-the-Job Training (OJT) at the Bureau of Fire Protection

(BFP) has been an enlightening journey, bridging the theoretical knowledge acquired in

criminology with the practical realities of public safety and emergency response. This

narrative report delves into my comprehensive understanding of the BFP's mission and

vision, reflecting on how these guiding principles resonate with my academic

background and future aspirations in the field of criminology.

As a criminology student stepping into the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) for the first

day of On-the-Job Training (OJT), I was filled with both excitement and curiosity. It was

not just an ordinary orientation—it was the start of an experience that would connect my

academic foundation in public safety, law enforcement, and crime prevention with the

real-world practices of fire service professionals. After our initial roll call and attendance,

we were welcomed by the BFP personnel with a brief orientation. They began by

introducing the structure and core responsibilities of the Bureau. Shortly after, they

emphasized the importance of knowing and understanding the mission and vision of the

BFP. This wasn’t just a formality—it was a reminder of the purpose behind every action

and decision they make as firefighters and public servants. The Vision of the Bureau of

Fire Protection We were introduced to the BFP’s Vision and Mission.

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Santiago City, Isabela
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BFP's Vision: A Modern Fire Service for a Fire-Safe Nation

The BFP envisions itself as "a modern fire service fully capable of ensuring a fire-safe

nation by 2034." This vision underscores the agency's commitment to modernization and

proactive fire safety measures. As a criminology student, I interpret this as a strategic

alignment towards enhancing public safety, reducing fire-related incidents, and fostering

a culture of preparedness and resilience.

Modernization, in this context, encompasses the integration of advanced

technologies, continuous training of personnel, and the development of efficient

response systems. These initiatives are crucial in addressing the evolving challenges in

fire prevention and emergency management. From a criminological perspective, such

advancements contribute to the broader objective of crime prevention and community

safety.

The officer who explained this broke it down for us in very practical terms. He

said that being a “modern fire service” doesn’t only mean using new tools and

technologies, although that is a big part of it. It also means improving their people,

systems, and the way they engage with communities. Their vision is to be proactive

rather than reactive—to stop fires and emergencies before they happen, and to be ready

to respond in the most efficient way when they do. As a criminology student, I

immediately connected this with what we study about crime prevention strategies. Just

like the police aim to reduce crime through community involvement and visibility, the

BFP seeks to reduce fire-related incidents by ensuring every building follows fire safety

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
standards, conducting regular fire drills, and educating the public. Modernization also

means they must stay up to date with global best practices—something we also

emphasize in criminology when it comes to law enforcement reforms.

BFP's Mission: A Multifaceted Approach to Public Safety

The BFP's mission is to "prevent and suppress destructive fires; enforce the Fire Code;

investigate its causes; provide emergency medical and rescue services; and respond to

man-made and natural disasters." This multifaceted mandate reflects the agency's

comprehensive approach to safeguarding lives and properties.

This mission deeply resonated with me, particularly the investigative and law

enforcement aspects. The fire service isn’t just about putting out fires. They are also

mandated to determine the cause of the fire, especially if there is suspicion of foul play

such as arson. Fire investigators from the BFP play a crucial role in building evidence

that can support criminal investigations—something directly related to the field of

criminology. The BFP personnel explained that fire incidents could involve criminal

elements such as insurance fraud, arson motivated by revenge, or even accidental

negligence that leads to mass casualties. As criminology students, this helped us realize

that understanding fire behavior, evidence handling at fire scenes, and the legal aspects

of fire investigations is extremely important. Moreover, the mission of responding to

natural and man-made disasters ties directly to what we learn about disaster

management and maintaining peace and order during emergencies. In many disaster

situations, both the fire bureau and the police force must collaborate to ensure

evacuation, crowd control, and public safety. This inter-agency cooperation is something

we need to fully understand and appreciate as future public safety officers. Personal

Reflection Hearing the vision and mission of the BFP on our very first day helped set the

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
tone for the rest of our training. It made me realize that firefighting is not just a physically

demanding profession—it is deeply rooted in discipline, law enforcement, public

education, and service to the nation. I now understand that the role of the BFP aligns

with the three pillars of criminology: law enforcement, prevention, and public service. I

also learned that being a fire officer requires integrity, courage, and continuous learning.

Just like in criminology, you need to stay updated, observe procedures, and act quickly

under pressure. This experience opened my eyes to the broader scope of public safety

and how multiple government agencies, including the BFP, play unique but

interconnected roles in protecting the lives and properties of Filipinos.

The Bureau of Fire Protection's mission and vision serve as guiding principles

that not only define the agency's objectives but also resonate with the fundamental goals

of criminology. Through my OJT, I have gained a comprehensive understanding of how

these principles are operationalized, contributing to a safer and more resilient society.

This experience has reinforced my commitment to pursuing a career dedicated to public

service, emphasizing the importance of collaboration, continuous learning, and a

proactive approach to crime prevention and community safety.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________

C. WORK EXPERIENCES

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

RAMON FIRE STATION

October 3, 2024

On or about 0700H, arrived at the BFP Cordon Fire Station. At about 0800H our

Team Leader Jeric Padua began to form the platoon. At about 0900H, SFO4 LARRY C.

AVILA the Officer In-Charge (OIC) conducted a short orientation. At about 1000H, FO2

MERY JANE M. ALBERTO lectured us about mission and vision.

At about 1200H, our duty ended.

At around 1300H, I arrived at Ramon Fire Station. At 1310H, FO2 LIBAO

continued his lectured about the Emergency Rescue Transfer (ERT). About1405H the

lecture ended. FO2 ALBERTO instructed us to clean the surroundings including the fire

truck.

At 1700H, our duty ended.

October 7, 2024

On or about 0730H, I arrived at the BFP Cordon Fire Station. About 0735H FO3

JONATHAN C. FLOJO instructed me to clean the stairs particularly their rooms at the

station and FO2 MERY JANE M. ALBERTO instructed me to clean the kitchen. About

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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0810H, Team Leader Jeric Padua gather us to form and FO2 ALBERTO give an

instruction to practice and demonstrate the Ten (10) Fire Safety Carries. About 0905H,

FS01 DANIEL P. RAMIREZ discussed the (FSIC) known as "Fire Safety Investigation

Certificate"

Our duty ended at 1200H.

On or about1300H, I arrived at the BFP Cordon Fire Station. About 1310H FO3

JONATHAN C. FLOJO started the actual demonstration of the Ten (10) Fire Safety

Caries. About 1535H, FO2 LIBAO give us the opportunity to use the fire hose at the fire

truck. About 1540H, FO2 instructed us to clean the surroundings of the station.

At about 1700H, our duty ended.

October 9, 2024

At exactly 0730H, I arrived in the BFP Ramon Fire Station and immediately clean

the surroundings, including the stairs in the station. Around 0800H, Class Marcher Jeric

Padua assembled us to form along with

FO2 MERY JANE M. ALBERTO, he instructed us to wear our Athletic Uniform for

the activity. About 0845H, we commenced the training session focusing on the

simulation and proper of PPE'SLs including those techniques.

At about 1200H, our duty ended.

At about 1300H, FO2 ALBERO instructed our Class Marcher Jeric Padua to

gathered us to formation along with F03 JONATHAN C. FLOJO they have discussed the

importance of having a FIRE SAFETY INVESTIGATION CERTIFICATION (FSIC).

Around 1640H, we gathered to form where FO2 ALBERTO and FO3 FLOJO led to have

jumping jacks before we dismissed.

At about 1700H, our duty ended.

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________

October 11, 2024

On or about 0730H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station and commenced to

clean the entire area of the station around 0750H. About 0810H, we gathered to

assemble for formation by the guidance of our Class Marcher Jeric Padua. FO3

JONATHAN C. FLOJO selected five trainees including myself to assist him on doing

advance inspection in Public Ramon, Isabela.

At about 1200H, our duty ended.

On or about 1300H, the Fire Officer, FO3 JONATHAN C. FLOJO, FO2 MERY

JANE M. ALBERTO, and SFO1 DANIEL P. RAMIREZ They instructed us to clean about

1530H and FO2 ALBERRTO informed us the possible activities for tomorrow’s lesson.

At about 1640H, class marcher gathered us to form.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

October 14, 2024

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the Ramon Fire Station and I clean immediately

as my daily task when I arrived to station. At about 0750H I gathered all my co-intern as

Class Marcher of the day. At about 0810H the Boy Scout and Girl Scout came and visit

to Ramon Fire Station and conduct a program. We accommodate each parent and the

scouts with professional skills. About 1040H SFO1 DANIEL P. RAMIREZ, lectured us

about the “Mercantile”

Our duty ended about 1200H.

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
On or about 1300H I arrived at the Ramon Fire Station and FO2 LIBAO

demonstrated to us the Basic Rope Manship Technique (BRT). About 1630H we clean

the surrounding of the BFP Ramon Station and form about 1640H.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

October 16, 2024

On or about 0739H I arrived at the Ramon Fire Station and do my daily task.

About 0810H, Class Marcher instructed us to form. FO2 MERY JANE M. ALBERTO

instructed us to prepare ourselves to execute the knot tying. About 0900H, FO3 CLARK

FIELD B. CASIL orient us about the lecture we tackled last meeting. About 1100H, FO3

CASIL prepare a quiz for us and we do our quiz. Our quiz has done about 1148H.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, Class Marcher formed us. About 1310H FO3 AVILA

announced that we are going to check our test quiz paper and after we check our quiz

about 1530H FO3 AVILA instructed us to wear our Athletic uniform for a Jogging

Exercise at the Oval. About 1640H we arrived at the station and form.

About 1700H, our duty ended.

October 18, 2024

On or about 0730H I arrived at the PNP station of Ramon Isabela. About 0810H

our class marcher today assembled us to form. About 0915H FO3 LARRY C. AVILA

orient us about fire service and prepare a short presentation about History of Ramon

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
BFP. About 1010H, FO3 AVILA lecture us about what we have watch or discuss on the

presentation.

About 1200H our duty ended.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Station. About 1330H, FO3

LARRY C. AVILA, instructed us one by one to formally introduce ourselves. About

1500H. FO3 AVILA, instructed us to wear our Athletic Uniform for a road jogging activity.

About 1512H, we tackled the uniform of NC O's and CO’s uniformed personnel. About

1550H, start road jogging activity and we arrived at the station about 1655H, at that

moment we finished our activity.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

October 21, 2024

On or about 0745H, I arrived in BFP Ramon Fire Station and I immediately clean

the designated area where I am instructed to clean. By the guidance of our class

marcher we instructed to form about 0815H. FO1 JONATHAN L. GARCIA lectured us

about First Aid and we executed Basic Bandaging Technique (BBT) about 1100H.

At about 1200H our duty ended.

On or about 1300H, I review and prepare myself for the quiz that FO1 GARCIA

prepared and ready for us. About 1340H we take our 2 nd quiz pertaining to the First Aid

we’ve lecture and study, this quiz concluded about 1430H. After the quiz we also

prepare ourselves for the Simulation and Extrication. About 1640H, we clean the

surroundings and we form in rank about 1650H.

Our duty ended at about 1700H.

30
 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
October 30, 2024

On or about 0706H, I arrived in BFP Ramon Fire Station. At that moment, we

came together with my co-intern along with the BFP Personnel to attend a Flag

Ceremony in the Municipality of Ramon, Isabela at about 0730H. After the flag ceremony

our Class Marcher gathered us to form for the preparation of the orientation “Oplan

Kaluluwa 2024” with the guidance of FO3 JONATHAN C. FLOJO, FO2 MERY JANE M.

ALBERTO, FO1 SELWYN B. JAVIER, and SFO2 MERY JANE M. ALBERTO. Few

trainees including myself instructed to take our duty in Roman Catholic Public Cemetery.

I do my duty by simply observed those vehicles that pass the road going to the

cemetery.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station and do my duty

where I assigned. At about 1700H, my co-interns are evacuated and leave the area with

cleanliness. Our duty ended about 1715H.

November 1, 2024

On or about 0732H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. Our Class Marcher

for today formed us for the deployment of our duty about 0800H. With along the

presence of FO1 JONATHAN L. GARCIA, FO2 ROMY A. ACOSTA, and FO3 ANDRES

V. TOLENTINO they instructed us to observed, assist and guide them and to support

them with their duty that SFO4 LARRY C. AVILA ordered.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1200H, I arrived at the Ramon Fire Station. About 1540H, FO3

DARWIN N. MARQUEZ instructed all of interns to wear our Athletic Uniform for the

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
Road Run. This activity concluded at approximate 1652H. We arrived to BFP Station

and assembled to form.

Our duty ended about 1701H.

November 2, 2024

On or about 0707H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Station. About 0800H, I do my

duty at the Cemetery along with my co-interns. At that moment, while doing our duty I

also observed and assist some of the residents who pass the cemetery by simply

helping them by giving a water and candles.

About 1200H, our duty ended.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at Roman Catholic Public Cemetery and about

1310H, I along with my co-intern go to Highway with the guidance of SF02 MERY JANE

M. ALBERTO and FO3 JONATHAN C. FLOJO. At about 1658H, we came to Ramon

Fire Station and formed for the announcement.

About 1707H, our duty ended.

November 6, 2024

On or about 0733H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station and immediately

instructed to clean. At about 0800H, we do our duty along with my co-interns. And teach

us about the first aid.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the Ramon Fire Station and immediately and

F01NIKKO D. VALEROZO discuss to us about the different type of injuries. At about

1658H, we instructed to form for the announcement.

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
Our duty ended about 1700H.

November 8, 2024

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the Ramon Fire Station. About 0720H, FO3

DARWIN N. MARQUEZ teach us about the bandaging technique and discussed the

things needed in emergency and technique on how proper CPR do.

About 1200H, our duty ended.

On or about 1250H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Station and do clean the entire

surroundings of the Station vicinity as they instructed them to us. About 1300H, FO2

ROMY A. ACOSTA, FO1 ARGEL KEITH R. JUAN, and SFO2 MERY JANE M.

ALBERTO instructed me take my duty with them.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

November 20, 2024

On or about 0715H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. FO3 ANDRES V.

TOLENTINO instructed all of us to do a general cleaning activity and prepared ourselves

for the Firefighting activity. At that moment, while waiting for the instruction we have

prepared ourselves and our things that we are going to use in firefighting activity.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, our group arrived at the BFP Ramon Station. While waiting

for the announcement we condition ourselves. About 1600H we came to the oval for the

execution of Firefighting. This task concluded about 1800H.

Our duty ended about 1830H.

33
 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
November 22, 2024

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men and we group 6 members for our rescue demo. They

discussed the rapid extraction rescue using cervical/ calla-device and cervix extraction

device.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, We perform what F01 JOHN ASHLEY M. TABERNA teaches us on

a rescue situation. We gathered for formation and accounting of men and we do

exercise and jogging after that we clean the surrounding.

Our duty ended about 1830H.

November 25, 2024

On or about 07028H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men and instructed us to wait for further information and

while we’re on vacant we arrange and clean the surrounding of BFP Ramon.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, the BFP officer was busy for their report and we are vacant

in that they so, we do exercise and jogging after that we clean the surrounding.

Our duty ended about 1800H.

November 27, 2024

On or about 0705H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men and because they are busy for their report we just wait

for further instruction and while we’re on vacant we arrange and clean the surrounding of

BFP Ramon.

34
 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, we arrive at the BFP Ramon and because we are vacant we

clean and wash the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and the boots.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

November 29, 2024

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men after that we do a tree planting.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, we arrive at the BFP Ramon and because we are vacant we

clean and wash the surrounding.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

December 2, 2024

On or about 0702H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men and discussed the parts of the coupling and the usage

of hose and its sizes and they demonstrated the proper throwing of hose and the diff-

rolling of hose.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, we arrive at the BFP Ramon after the discussion earlier

about the demonstrated, we need to execute properly the throwing of hose and the diff

rolling. The BFP Personnel set up the traffic lone wave must aimed throw and shoot at

the center.

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
Our duty ended about 1700H.

December 04, 2024

On or about 0702H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men and discussed the types of ladder carry and command

before carry a ladder after that we BFP Personnel demo the ladder carries and after that

we also perform it.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, we arrive at the BFP Ramon after the discussion earlier

about the demo, we perform the hand ladder position.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

December 6, 2024

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men and BFP personnel instructed us to school work about

forensic and ballistic. We instructed us to be ready for the reception after lunch.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, we arrive at the BFP Ramon BFP Personnel and BFP

Personnel instruct us to write the names that we like and dislike and write the reason

why. After that BFP Personnel discuss our stay in BFP Ramon and gives us memorable

speech.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

December 10, 2024

36
 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
On or about 0700H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men after that we clean the surrounding and practice our

dance exit call.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, we arrive at the BFP Ramon and because we are vacant we

clean and wash the surrounding.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

December 11, 2024

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men after that we clean the surrounding.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, we arrive at the BFP Ramon and because we are vacant we

clean and wash the surrounding.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

December 13, 2024

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the BFP Ramon Fire Station. We gathered for

formation and accounting of men we prepared the exit call.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

On or about 1300H, we arrive at the BFP Ramon and we start the program for

our exit call. I receive my Certificate of Completion along with the guidance of SFO4

37
 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
LARRY C. AVILA. Today’s mark, our journey in BFP Ramon Station will ended within

this day 13, month of December, 2024.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

MANDATE

Republic Act 6975 entitled An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police under a

reorganization Department of the Interior and Local Government and other purposes as

amended by RA 8551 Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998

and further amended by RA 9708.

PHILOSOPHY

Service, Honor, and Justice

CORE VALUES

Maka- Diyos (Pro-God)

Makabayan (Pro-County)

Makatao (Pro-People)

Makakalikasan (Pro-Environment)

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________

VISION

Imploring the aid of the Almighty, by 2030, we shall be a highly capable, effective and

credible police service working in partnership with a responsive community towards the

attainment of a safer place to live, work and do business.

MISSION

To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to maintain peace and order, and to

ensure public safety and internal security with the active support of the community.

PNP Function

1. Enforce all laws and ordinance relative to the protection of lives and

properties;

2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public

safety;

3. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders,

bring offenders to justice and assist in their prosecution;

4. Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in

accordance with the Constitution and pertinent laws;

5. Detain an arrested person from period not beyond what is prescribed by

law, informing the person so detained of all his rights under the

Constitution;

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
Issue license for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance

with law;

6. Supervise and control the training and operations and security agencies

and issue licenses to operate security agencies, and to security guards

and private detectives for the practice of their professions; and

7. Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as may be

provided by law.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)

As an On-the-Job Training (OJT) criminology student, it is essential to

understand the fundamental principles and guiding philosophies of the institutions we

are affiliated with. One such key institution is the Philippine National Police (PNP). This

narrative report aims to provide an in-depth explanation and reflection on the PNP's

mission and vision. These core statements are not just words; they embody the values,

objectives, and aspirations of the national police force, and guide their everyday service

to the Filipino people. Understanding the PNP Mission The official mission statement of

the Philippine National Police is: "The PNP shall enforce the law, prevent and control

crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure public safety and internal security with the

active support of the community."

As an OJT student, this mission serves as a framework for understanding the

primary role and responsibility of the police. The PNP is not merely about catching

criminals or enforcing traffic rules. Their mission covers a wide scope: Law Enforcement

– This is the most basic and visible task of the PNP. They are tasked with making sure

that all laws passed by the government are properly implemented. This includes

apprehending individuals who break the law, conducting investigations, and ensuring

that justice is served. Crime Prevention and Control – The police force is expected to be

40
 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
proactive, not just reactive. They organize community programs, patrols, and information

campaigns to reduce the chances of crimes happening in the first place. Controlling

crime involves responding swiftly to criminal incidents and reducing crime rates through

various strategic methods. Maintaining Peace and Order – The presence of peace and

order is crucial for any society to thrive.

The PNP contributes by resolving conflicts, managing rallies or protests

peacefully, and ensuring that people feel safe in their communities. They are front liners

in calming tensions and preventing chaos during emergencies or disturbances. Public

Safety and Internal Security – This refers to the broader responsibility of the police to

keep the entire nation secure. Whether it is responding to natural disasters, terrorist

threats, or civil unrest, the PNP plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of the citizens.

Community Support – Perhaps the most modern and progressive part of the mission is

the emphasis on the active support of the community.

The police are no longer separate from the people. They are part of the

community and must earn trust, build partnerships, and involve citizens in creating a

safer environment. Understanding the PNP Vision The vision of the Philippine National

Police states: "Imploring the aid of the Almighty, we shall be a highly capable, effective

and credible police service working in partnership with a responsive community towards

the attainment of a safer place to live, work, and do business."

This vision reflects where the PNP wants to be in the future. It is an ideal goal

that guides all their actions and plans. Let’s break it down: Imploring the Aid of the

Almighty – This phrase shows that the PNP acknowledges the importance of moral

guidance and divine providence in their mission. It highlights a spiritual and ethical

foundation in their work. Highly Capable – The PNP aims to continuously improve its

capacity and skills. This involves better training, modern equipment, strategic planning,

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
and the professional development of personnel. Effective – This means achieving

results. It’s not enough to have the skills; the PNP must apply them in a way that truly

reduces crime, solves problems, and maintains order efficiently. Credible Police Service

– Credibility is about trust. The police must act in a manner that earns the respect and

confidence of the public. This includes being fair, honest, and respectful of human rights.

Partnership with a Responsive Community – The vision strongly promotes the idea of

community policing. This means that police and community members work together.

Citizens are encouraged to be vigilant, cooperative, and proactive in safety efforts. Safer

Place to Live, Work, and Do Business – This is the ultimate goal: to build a society

where everyone feels secure in their homes, workplaces, and public spaces. This safe

environment leads to national development and improved quality of life.

Importance of the Mission and Vision to Criminology Students As a criminology

student undergoing OJT, understanding the mission and vision of the PNP is not just

academic—it shapes our perspective and behavior during our field experience. Here are

several reasons why this is important: Guides Our Learning Objectives – By

understanding the mission and vision, we know what values and goals we are expected

to observe. We can align our learning with the real duties and responsibilities of law

enforcement. Encourages Ethical Conduct – The PNP mission and vision both highlight

integrity, community involvement, and moral responsibility. These should inspire us to

practice honesty, professionalism, and empathy even as trainees. Develops a Deeper

Respect for the Police Profession – Knowing the mission and vision helps us appreciate

the sacrifices, challenges, and importance of the police in maintaining national security

and community harmony. Prepares Us for Future Service – As future law enforcers or

criminal justice professionals, we must begin to internalize these core principles. They

prepare us to be effective and ethical public servants. Real-Life Application of the PNP

Mission and Vision During our OJT experience, we are likely to witness the application of

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
the PNP’s mission and vision in various ways. For example: Community Policing

Activities – We may observe or assist in feeding programs, educational seminars, or

barangay patrols that build trust between police and residents.

Law Enforcement Operations – From routine checkpoints to large-scale anti-

crime campaigns, we can see how officers apply their training to enforce the law while

respecting citizens’ rights. Disaster Response – In times of calamity, the PNP plays a

critical role in rescue and relief operations. This is a direct example of ensuring public

safety and internal security. Conflict Mediation – The PNP often handles domestic

disputes, neighborhood conflicts, and protest management. These situations show how

peace and order are maintained with tact and diplomacy. Reflection and Personal Insight

Through exposure and guided experience, OJT students develop a personal

appreciation for the PNP’s work.

The mission and vision become more than memorized statements—they become

a mindset. They challenge us to consider: How do we contribute to peace and order,

even as students? Are we developing the discipline and professionalism expected in

police service? Do we understand the value of community partnerships in crime

prevention. The mission and vision of the Philippine National Police serve as the

foundation of their service and operations. As OJT criminology students, understanding

these core statements is essential in shaping our knowledge, ethics, and future roles in

the criminal justice system. The PNP’s focus on law enforcement, crime prevention,

community partnership, and moral integrity sets a high standard for public service—one

that we, as future professionals, must strive to uphold. By internalizing these ideals, we

can become not only competent practitioners but also responsible and trustworthy

contributors to national peace and security.

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________

D. WORK EXPERIENCES

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)

January 6, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0840H,

discuss the rules and regulation.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station and PEMS

FERNACIO instruct us to memorize the directory of PNP Ramon and after that Pcpl

Manangan discussed about police blotter

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 7, 2025

On or about 0717H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0935H, I

assisted and observed on how PNP Personnel accommodate their clients and also, I

help their clients on how to register in online application for NBI Clearance. About

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
1000H, PSMS JACKSON R. DELA CRUZ, PSSg RODEL M. DEUS and PCpl SHERWIN

B. RIVERA instructed me to guide those applicants who gets a Police and NBI

Clearance. About 1010H, I, investigate a Vehicular Accident along the High way Road

with my co-interns. We came to station with the Tricycle that bumps on the 4wheels Pick

up Navara.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived to PNP Ramon Police Station. Team Leader Jeric

Padua instructed our group to take our duty at the I.P.O.S.T.E along with my co-interns.

At that moment, we observed traffic and help those people who cross the road. About

1630H, PEMS RONALD I. FARNACIO came to us at the Station and he announced that

we’re going to station and assembled to form.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 8, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station and we take our

duty in I.P.O.S.T.E to observed traffic about 0830H. PEMS RONALD I. FARNACIO

came to check if we are doing duty responsibly and he instruct me to take a photo for a

documentation.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1230H, PEMS FREDORA V. LABOG announced that she will be

lectured us about “Violence Against Woman and their Children” or VAWC. When, PEMS

FREDORA finished lecturing us about 1500H, PCpl JONATHAN T. CAGAYAN the

second one who lectured about “Katarungang Pambarangay”.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________

January 9, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. PEMS RONALD

I. FARNACIO instruct the Team Leader Jeric Padua to gather us to form. At that

moment, we stayed in station and upon rescue to the patrollers.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1230H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. PCpl JONATHAN I.

CAGAYAN announced that he will be lectured us. At about 1640H, PEMS RONALD I.

FARNACIO instructed us to form.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 10, 2025

On or about 0715H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. As, PEMS

RONALD I. FARNACIO instruction I clean the backyard and the canal as what he has

said. And after that, with the guidance and presence of PMSG ERIC M. LO-OY and

PEMS FARNACIO they joined us to our duty in I.P.O.S.T.E. Our duty included foot patrol

and mobile patrol.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1230H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Since, there is no

instruction, PSSG SHERWIN B. RIVERA lectured us about S1 to S7 and its function to

the Police Unit. PEMS FARNACIO dismissed us about 1700H.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 13, 2025

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
On or about 0759H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0800H,

PSMS JACKSON R. DELA CRUZ teach us on how to execute the proper handling and

positioning of the gun and its 4 Rules of Gun Safety.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1200H, while PSMS DELA CRUZ discussed he ask me to go in front

and show to my co-intern on how do I hold a gun with safety. So, I show them since I

have a little bit understanding and short knowledge about handling, assemble and

disassembled of Pistols and M16. PEMS RONALD I. FARNACIO dismissed us.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 15, 2025

On or about 0710H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. I and my co-

intern take our duty at I.P.O.S.T.E. Since, the weather is rainy each of my co-interns are

taking a picture of documentation.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1230H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 1335H,

PCpl SHERWIN B. RIVERA and PCpl RODEL DEUS discussed about the Police Blotter

and Proper use of Handcuffs and assembled and disassembled of long and short rifle. I

immediately raised my hand to volunteer to have another experience of assembling and

disassembling of firearms.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 17, 2025

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
On or about 0730H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. I attended a flag

ceremony at the Municipality of Cordon. About 0810H, we go to I.P.O.S.T.E to do our

duty.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 1320H,

PSSG GERALD S. ANDRES instruct us to Conduct Anti-Criminality Checkpoint. At

about 1510H, PSMS JACKSON R. DELA CRUZ lectured us about 1650H.

January 20, 2025

On or about 0738H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Team Leader

Mark Jay Evangelista formed us about 0800H. PEMS RONALD I. FARNACIO instruct us

to join with the patrollers to visit the other Barangay of Cordon. When we arrived at the

station, there’s a client that I help on getting a NBI Clearance.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1246H, PCpl RODEL E. DEUS presented us the Fingerprint Kit and

the Equipment. About 1315H, PSMS ROMAN BALLA teach us about the Basic

Disarming Technique and Taekwondo.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 22, 2025

On or about 0720H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0751H we

go to I.P.O.S.T.E to take our duty. About 0800H PCPL MARCIAL C. MENDEZ asked me

to join him in patrol. We visited the Barangay of Buggalon Norte, Quezon and Osmena.

These barangays we visited is under renovation because of the late typhoon. About

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
0915H, PSSG SHERWIN B. RIVERA and PCPL MENDEZ instructed us to join them to

file a case and submit a document.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. I helped their

clients through the Registration of Online Application in getting Police Clearance.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 24, 2025

On or about 0735H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0800H, we

do general cleaning. PEMS RONALD I. FARNACIO instructed us to go to the

Confession Room for having an activity about Assemble and Disassemble of Long and

Short Firearm.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. PCPL

COMAYAO CR, PCPL BOTLONG MG, PCPL MARCIAL C. MENDEZ instructed us to

join them in patrolling.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 27, 2025

On or about 0650H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0800H, we

form and about 0825H we have meeting regarding on Firing Activity happened on

Ground Zero, Burgos, Ramon Isabela. We arrived about 0920H and start the execution

of Firing with the use Glock Pistol Gun and M16 Long Firearm.

Our duty ended about 1200H.

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Cordon Police Station.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

January 29, 2025

On or about 0800H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. I attend to the

Flag Ceremony and PEMS RONALD I. FARNACIO he instructed us to take our duty for

the last time. About 0935H, PCPL MARCIAL C. MENDEZ ask me to go at the Office of

the Barangay Captain in Calimaturod, Ramon.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. PEMS

FARNACIO, instructed us to clean.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 3, 2025

On or about 0751H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0800H, we

assist the client to the information disk.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We had been

studying with PNP officer for teaching the bible and asking question about our

discussion and we teach the work immersion for their basic facing.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 5, 2025

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
On or about 0751H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0800H, we

clean our designated area and after that we arrive at the Villa Diana for check point.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We teach the

work immersion for their basic facing and “Lakad Patakda”

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 7, 2025

On or about 0751H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0800H, we

assist the client to the information disk.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 10, 2025

On or about 0751H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. About 0800H, we

clean our designated area and after that we guide the work immersion student for their

proper basic facing.

Our duty ended about 1130H.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
February 12, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we proceed to our

deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 14, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we clean and we proceed

to our deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 17, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we clean and we proceed

to our deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 19, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we proceed to our

deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 21, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we proceed to our

deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 21, 2025

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men. We clean and we proceed to

our deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 24, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we proceed to our

deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 26, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we proceed to our

deployment area.

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
Our duty ended about 1700H.

February 28, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we proceed to our

deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

March 3, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we proceed to our

deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

March 3, 2025

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 NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we proceed to our

deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

March 5, 2025

On or about 0700H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. Reporting for

duty and doing platoon formation and accounting of men and we proceed to our

deployment area.

Our duty ended about 1200H

On or about 1300H, I arrived at the PNP Ramon Police Station. We proceed to

our deployment area again.

Our duty ended about 1700H.

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________

SIGNIFICANT TRAINING AND ITS IMPORTANCE

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

As a fourth-year Bachelor of Science in Criminology student, I have always been

curious about the inter agency collaboration between law enforcement and emergency

response units. When I was given the opportunity to undertake my On-the-Job Training

(OJT) with the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), I knew I would gain valuable experience

that would bridge theory and practice. The BFP plays a vital role not only in fire

suppression and prevention but also in disaster response, rescue operations, and public

safety education. During my time with the bureau, one of the most enlightening and

essential aspects of my training was learning about the various types of training that

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
BFP personnel undergo—and understanding their significance to the bureau’s overall

mission and public safety.

This narrative report aims to detail my observations, experiences, and reflections

on the significant training's within the BFP, and explain their importance from the

perspective of a criminology student. The report highlights the relevance of proper

training in fire safety, emergency response, discipline, coordination, and law

enforcement support. It also explores how this training impacts the competence,

confidence, and credibility of the BFP as a critical arm of public service.

II. Overview of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) The Bureau of Fire

Protection is mandated to prevent and suppress destructive fires, enforce the Fire Code

of the Philippines (RA 9514), investigate fire incidents, and respond to emergencies.

Under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), the BFP is an

integral part of the public safety sector. Its personnel are uniformed, disciplined, and

trained similarly to the military and police. Their duties are complex, often dangerous,

and require a high level of physical, mental, and emotional readiness. This is where

training becomes not only relevant but indispensable. As an OJT student, I observed

that BFP personnel are held to high standards when it comes to operational

preparedness. Training is a core pillar in ensuring that fire officers can deliver efficient

services, protect lives and properties, and conduct themselves with professionalism and

discipline.

III. Types of Significant Training Observed and Participated In During my

OJT, I had the opportunity to observe and participate in various forms of training

activities. Each type of training served a unique purpose and contributed to the holistic

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
development of BFP personnel. Below are the most significant types of training and what

I learned from them.

1. Fire Suppression Training

This is the most fundamental training for BFP personnel. It involves the use of

firefighting equipment such as hoses, extinguishers, breathing apparatuses, and fire

trucks. The training teaches fire science, combustion processes, and the strategies for

different types of fires (Class A, B, C, etc.). From a criminology perspective, this training

highlighted the importance of swift and strategic decision-making under pressure. I

observed how crews coordinate with each other during simulation drills, focusing on

safety and efficiency. The physical endurance required for this training also emphasized

the need for continuous fitness among firefighters.

2. Basic Rescue Training

Rescue operations include saving victims trapped in collapsed buildings, floods,

and vehicular accidents. This training focuses on rope techniques, water rescue, high-

angle rescue, and first aid. I found this training particularly relevant because

criminologists may find themselves assisting in disaster or emergency scenarios.

Understanding rescue procedures provides insight into victim care, scene security, and

inter-agency coordination during calamities.

3. Fire Investigation and Arson Detection Training

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
Fire investigation is crucial in identifying the cause of a fire, especially when foul

play is suspected. BFP personnel are trained to analyze burn patterns, collect evidence,

and prepare reports for legal proceedings. As a criminology student, I found this training

extremely important. It overlaps with crime scene investigation (CSI) techniques,

requiring keen observation, forensic analysis, and proper chain-of-custody procedures. I

was able to assist in mock investigations and witnessed the meticulous work that goes

into proving arson and identifying suspects.

4. Discipline and Values Formation

This training instills values such as integrity, professionalism, teamwork, and

respect for human rights. BFP personnel are taught to act with fairness and discipline,

both in public and within their ranks. This was one of the most impactful trainings I

witnessed. The values imparted reflect the ethical standards of all public servants. For

criminology students like me, who aspire to become part of the criminal justice system,

understanding ethical behavior and organizational discipline is essential in preventing

abuse of authority and promoting trust in government agencies.

5. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and First Aid

Part of the BFP’s role is to provide emergency medical assistance. Training in

CPR, wound care, fracture stabilization, and patient transport was given priority. This

training emphasized the importance of quick response and presence of mind in saving

lives. I was able to assist during drills where timing and teamwork made all the

difference. It taught me that law enforcement and fire services often deal with trauma

and emergencies where immediate medical knowledge is invaluable.

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Santiago City, Isabela
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6. Community Fire Education and Safety Campaigns

Fire prevention is better than suppression. BFP conducts lectures, drills, and

information campaigns in schools, barangays, and offices. I participated in several of

these outreach activities. We taught students and citizens about the fire triangle, safe

evacuation routes, and the importance of having fire extinguishers. These programs

showed me how critical education is in reducing the number of fire incidents and

fatalities.

7. Simulation Drills and Fire Olympics

BFP regularly holds drills to test readiness, including fire response, search and

rescue, and evacuation scenarios. The Fire Olympics showcases skills, speed, and

teamwork under pressure. Participating in these drills taught me about the importance of

muscle memory and preparedness. The stress and timing simulated in these events

mirror real-life emergencies. As a criminology student, I appreciated the structure and

discipline involved, similar to police tactical training's. IV. Importance of Training in the

Bureau of Fire Protection Training is not just about acquiring skills—it’s about building

character, fostering discipline, and ensuring that public servants are prepared to handle

their duties with confidence and competence. Here are the key reasons why training is

crucial in the BFP, based on my observation and reflection:

1. Ensures Operational Efficiency

Well-trained personnel perform better in emergencies. From responding to fires

to conducting rescue operations, training ensures that firefighters know their roles and

can execute them with precision.

2. Prepares Personnel for Real-World Scenarios

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
Simulation drills and actual field exposure prepare BFP personnel for real

emergencies. The ability to act quickly and decisively under pressure can mean the

difference between life and death.

3. Promotes Teamwork and Coordination

Most operations involve teams. Training reinforces the importance of

communication, coordination, and mutual trust among team members.

4. Reduces Risk and Casualties

A trained firefighter is less likely to make errors that could cost lives. Proper use

of equipment, awareness of hazards, and tactical approaches reduce both civilian and

firefighter casualties.

5. Builds Public Trust and Credibility

The public relies on the BFP during emergencies. When citizens see well-trained,

competent personnel, their trust in the bureau increases. This credibility is essential for

cooperation during fire prevention campaigns.

6. Enhances Professional Development

Training develops not only physical abilities but also analytical and leadership

skills. Many BFP officers rise through the ranks because of their excellence in both

fieldwork and management training.

7. Supports Inter agency Collaboration

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During disasters, the BFP works alongside police, military, and local government

units. Joint training programs improve interoperability, communication, and coordination

among these agencies.

V. Personal Reflections and Lessons Learned Throughout my training period

with the BFP, I developed a profound appreciation for the hard work and dedication

required of fire service personnel. The rigorous training they undergo is not merely

routine—it is the backbone of their service delivery. It ensures that they remain ready for

any challenge, be it fire suppression, rescue operations, disaster response, or fire

investigation.

SIGNIFICANT TRAINING AND ITS IMPORTANCE

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)

As a criminology student, I learned that while our core subjects focus on law

enforcement, criminal behavior, and justice systems, it is equally important to

understand the functions of allied agencies like the BFP. Public safety is a shared

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
responsibility, and inter agency collaboration enhances the effectiveness of any

emergency response.

The discipline and values formation training, in particular, influenced me deeply. I

witnessed the importance of integrity, humility, and discipline in public service. These are

qualities I hope to carry with me as I pursue a career in the criminal justice field.

Furthermore, learning about fire investigation opened my eyes to the

complexities of forensic science and evidence handling in fire-related crimes. It

broadened my understanding of how criminal elements can exploit fire for illegal

purposes such as insurance fraud or murder.

VI. Conclusion, the Bureau of Fire Protection is more than just a firefighting

agency. It is a disciplined, multifaceted institution that requires continuous training to

meet the demands of modern public service. The significant training provided to its

personnel not only ensures their effectiveness in saving lives and properties but also

uplifts the professionalism and credibility of the entire organization. As a criminology

student, my OJT with the BFP gave me a comprehensive view of the agency’s inner

workings and highlighted the indispensable role of training in any field of public safety. I

leave this experience more prepared, more inspired, and more committed to pursuing a

career that upholds justice, safety, and service to the people.

As a Bachelor of Science in Criminology student, I have always been interested

in the real-life application of the theories and concepts we study in school. My On-the-

Job Training (OJT) with the Philippine National Police (PNP) provided me with a unique

and eye-opening opportunity to understand the inner workings of our law enforcement

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
system. Throughout my training, I had the privilege of observing and participating in

various training programs and activities that highlighted the essential role of continuous

training within the PNP. These experiences helped me grasp the significant impact of

training on police officers' readiness, discipline, professionalism, and public service.

This narrative report aims to reflect on the valuable insights I gained from my

OJT, focusing on the various forms of training implemented in the PNP and their

relevance to effective law enforcement. I will discuss how these training's are conducted,

their impact on the police force, and my personal learning's and realizations throughout

the process. By sharing my experiences and observations, I hope to provide a realistic

and student-level perspective on the importance of significant training in the PNP.

II. Understanding the Role of Training in the PNP

The PNP is the main law enforcement arm of the country, responsible for

ensuring public safety, enforcing laws, maintaining peace and order, and preventing and

investigating crimes. These responsibilities require a police force that is not only

physically and mentally fit but also morally upright and professionally capable. Training

plays a critical role in preparing PNP personnel for these duties. It ensures that officers

are equipped with the skills, knowledge, and mindset necessary to perform their tasks

efficiently and ethically.

Training in the PNP is not a one-time event. It begins with rigorous foundational

training in the police academy and continues throughout an officer's career through

various specialized and refresher courses. The goal is to instill discipline, improve

competency, and adapt to emerging challenges in law enforcement. From firearms

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
training to community relations, each training module is designed to develop a well-

rounded police officer.

III. Significant Trainings Observed During My OJT

During my OJT, I was exposed to several forms of training being conducted by the PNP.

These training's ranged from classroom-based sessions to field simulations. The

following are the most significant training's I witnessed and how they contribute to police

performance:

1. Police Operational Procedures Training

This is one of the most fundamental training's that every police officer undergoes.

It covers the proper conduct of police operations such as arrest, search and seizure,

patrol, checkpoint operations, and handling of suspects. During my OJT, I saw how this

training is reinforced through actual drills and simulations.

The importance of this training lies in the fact that it ensures uniformity and

legality in police actions. It minimizes errors and protects both the officer and the public

from potential abuse. It was made clear to me that following standard operating

procedures (SOPs) is crucial in maintaining order and accountability.

2. Firearms Safety and Marksmanship Training

Another critical aspect of police training is proficiency in firearms handling.

Officers are taught not only how to shoot accurately but also when to use their firearms. I

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
observed a series of firearms qualification tests where officers had to demonstrate their

shooting skills under pressure.

What struck me most was the emphasis on responsibility. Firearms are deadly

weapons, and their use must always be justified. Officers are reminded that the use of

force must always be proportional and necessary. This training is vital in preventing

unnecessary violence and ensuring that police use their firearms only as a last resort.

3. Investigation and Crime Scene Management

Investigation training focuses on the proper way to handle a crime scene, gather

evidence, interview witnesses, and write reports. I had the opportunity to observe a

mock crime scene investigation where trainees practiced securing the area, collecting

evidence, and documenting the incident.

This training highlighted the importance of attention to detail and procedure. A

single mistake in evidence handling can compromise an entire case. I realized that

investigation work requires patience, thoroughness, and critical thinking. It is a

meticulous process that demands both technical skills and analytical thinking.

4. Physical Fitness and Tactical Training

Physical fitness is an essential component of a police officer's training. During my

OJT, I joined the officers during their morning physical exercises and observed their

tactical drills. These included self-defense techniques, arresting techniques, and

simulated high-risk operations.

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________

This training is designed to prepare officers for the physical demands of their job.

It also builds discipline, stamina, and confidence. I learned that maintaining physical

fitness is not just about health—it is a requirement for survival and effective performance

in the field.

5. Community Relations and Human Rights Training

The PNP places a strong emphasis on community-oriented policing and respect

for human rights. Officers are trained to engage with the community, conduct dialogues,

and resolve conflicts peacefully. I witnessed several community outreach programs

where police officers distributed information materials, gave lectures, and listened to

residents' concerns.

Human rights training is integrated into every aspect of police education. Officers

are constantly reminded of the rights of individuals, especially during arrest and

detention. This training promotes empathy, accountability, and professionalism. It made

me realize that being a police officer is not just about enforcing the law—it is about

serving the people with compassion and respect.

6. Anti-Illegal Drugs Operations Training

One of the most challenging aspects of police work is dealing with illegal drugs. I

observed a training session focused on anti-drug operations, including surveillance, buy-

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
bust operations, and proper documentation. The training emphasized the need for

legality and caution, especially in handling evidence and informants.

This training showed me the risks and complexities involved in anti-drug

operations. Officers must be well-prepared to face dangerous situations while strictly

following the law. The training helps ensure that operations are conducted fairly, safely,

and effectively.

7. Cybercrime and Digital Forensics Training

In today's digital age, cybercrime is a growing concern. I had a chance to observe

a seminar on cybercrime investigation, where officers were taught how to handle

electronic evidence, track online activities, and understand digital forensics.

This training opened my eyes to the importance of technological skills in modern

policing. It is crucial for officers to be knowledgeable about digital platforms and tools.

The PNP is adapting to new threats through continuous learning and upgrading of skills.

IV. Importance of Training in the PNP

The significance of training in the PNP can be summarized in several key points:

1. Ensures Competence and Readiness

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________
Regular training ensures that police officers remain competent and ready to

handle different situations. Whether it is a routine checkpoint or a high-risk operation,

proper training equips them with the necessary skills and knowledge.

2. Promotes Discipline and Integrity

Training instills discipline, which is essential in law enforcement. Officers are

trained to follow rules, respect authority, and act with integrity. This reduces incidents of

misconduct and builds a culture of professionalism.

3. Enhances Public Trust

Well-trained police officers perform their duties more effectively and ethically,

which improves public trust. Training in human rights, communication, and community

relations helps officers build positive relationships with the public.

4. Prevents Abuse and Ensures Accountability

By following proper procedures and protocols, officers are less likely to abuse

their authority. Training provides them with clear guidelines on what is acceptable

behavior and what is not.

5. Adapts to Emerging Challenges

The world is constantly changing, and so are the challenges in law enforcement.

Continuous training allows the PNP to stay updated on new threats such as cybercrime,

terrorism, and evolving criminal tactics.

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________

V. Personal Reflections and Realizations

My OJT with the PNP was a learning experience that I will carry with me

throughout my future career in criminology. I witnessed the realities of police work—the

challenges, the responsibilities, and the dedication required. I saw how training is not

just a requirement but a lifeline for every officer.

I realized that behind the uniform is a person who is constantly learning,

improving, and striving to serve better. Training is what shapes an officer's mindset,

actions, and decisions. It builds the foundation of a competent and ethical police force.

As a student, I am grateful for the opportunity to learn from the field. The

experiences I gained reaffirmed my commitment to pursue a career in law enforcement

or criminal justice. I now understand that training is not just about skills—it is about

values, discipline, and service.

VI. Conclusion

In conclusion, significant training in the Philippine National Police is crucial in

building a strong, effective, and trustworthy police force. It equips officers with the tools

they need to perform their duties with competence, integrity, and empathy. Training

ensures that police work is not only efficient but also just and humane.

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Santiago City, Isabela
_____________________________________________________________________________

As an OJT criminology student, I saw firsthand how training transforms

individuals into capable protectors of peace and order. I believe that continuous learning

and training are the keys to improving law enforcement and strengthening our justice

system. With proper training, the PNP can fulfill its mandate to serve and protect the

Filipino people with honor and excellence.

THE QUAD CONCEPT

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

As a Criminology student undergoing On-the-Job Training (OJT) with the Bureau

of Fire Protection (BFP), I have been fortunate to gain firsthand exposure to the internal

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Santiago City, Isabela
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systems and operations of one of our country’s most vital public safety agencies. One

particular concept that stood out to me throughout my training was the "Quad

Concept"—a guiding principle that integrates four key operational components within the

BFP. This concept is central to the agency's effectiveness in fulfilling its mission of

saving lives and properties through fire prevention, suppression, emergency response,

and public safety education.

This narrative report aims to provide an in-depth and realistic understanding of

the Quad Concept as I have come to comprehend it during my time with the BFP. I will

reflect on how each element of the Quad Concept functions, how they interconnect, and

the lessons I have learned as an OJT student actively observing and assisting in daily

activities. Through this report, I hope to demonstrate the critical importance of this

framework in enhancing the BFP’s operations and strengthening public safety.

II. Overview of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

Before delving into the Quad Concept, it is important to understand the role and

structure of the BFP. The Bureau of Fire Protection is a government agency under the

Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) that is tasked with ensuring

public safety through fire prevention and suppression services. It is also responsible for

responding to emergencies such as natural disasters, vehicular accidents, and chemical

hazards.

The BFP’s mandate includes not only firefighting but also the enforcement of the

Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514), conducting fire safety inspections, issuing fire

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safety certifications, and engaging in public information campaigns to educate citizens

on fire prevention and safety.

III. The Quad Concept: A Strategic Framework

The Quad Concept of the BFP refers to four operational pillars that work together

to form a comprehensive and effective fire safety and emergency response system.

These four components are:

 Fire Prevention

 Fire Suppression

 Fire Investigation

 Emergency Medical and Rescue Services (EMRS)

As an OJT student, I witnessed how each of these components is vital and

interconnected. Together, they form a holistic approach to protecting lives and

properties. I will now discuss each component in detail, based on my understanding and

experiences during my training.

IV. Fire Prevention

Fire prevention is considered the most proactive and fundamental aspect of the

Quad Concept. During my OJT, I learned that preventing fires from occurring in the first

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place is far more effective and less costly than responding to a fire after it has already

started. The BFP focuses heavily on this pillar through various programs and activities.

Some of the key fire prevention initiatives I observed include:

Conducting fire safety inspections in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings

Issuing Fire Safety Inspection Certificates (FSIC) as part of the building permit process

Hosting public information campaigns in schools, barangays, and workplaces

Distributing educational materials and conducting fire drills

I was able to assist during fire safety inspections and information drives. I saw

how BFP personnel would check for compliance with fire safety standards, such as the

presence of fire exits, fire extinguishers, and sprinkler systems. I realized that educating

the public about fire hazards and proper safety measures is a crucial part of the BFP’s

job.

V. Fire Suppression

Despite best efforts at prevention, fires can still occur. That is where the second

component—fire suppression—comes in. This pillar focuses on the actual firefighting

operations conducted by the BFP. It involves the deployment of fire trucks, the use of

water hoses, coordination among fire personnel, and the strategic extinguishing of fires

to prevent them from spreading.

During my OJT, I was not permitted to participate directly in firefighting due to

safety concerns, but I was able to observe and assist in post-operation procedures. I

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witnessed how organized and disciplined the fire suppression teams are. Their ability to

respond quickly and efficiently is the result of continuous training and teamwork.

One major takeaway from observing fire suppression activities is the importance

of readiness. Firefighters must be physically fit, mentally alert, and emotionally stable.

They face life-threatening situations, and their decisions can mean the difference

between life and death. I gained a deep respect for their courage and professionalism.

VI. Fire Investigation

After a fire has been put out, the work of the BFP does not stop. The third

component of the Quad Concept is fire investigation. This involves determining the

cause of the fire, identifying responsible parties (if any), and preventing similar incidents

in the future.

I had the opportunity to shadow some fire investigators and learn about their

methodologies. They collect physical evidence from the scene, interview witnesses,

review CCTV footage, and analyze burn patterns to determine the point of origin and the

possible ignition source. Fire investigation is a detailed and methodical process that

combines elements of forensic science and criminology.

As a criminology student, I found this aspect particularly fascinating. It showed

me how my academic knowledge can be applied in the field. I saw the importance of

accurate documentation, analytical thinking, and adherence to legal procedures. Fire

investigation not only uncovers the truth behind incidents but also supports the pursuit of

justice when foul play is involved.

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VII. Emergency Medical and Rescue Services (EMRS)

The fourth pillar of the Quad Concept is Emergency Medical and Rescue

Services. The BFP is not limited to firefighting; it also serves as a first responder to

medical emergencies, vehicular accidents, natural disasters, and other incidents

requiring rescue operations.

During my OJT, I observed BFP personnel responding to a vehicular accident

where they provided first aid and extricated a trapped passenger. The rescue team was

trained in basic life support (BLS), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and use of

medical equipment.

This experience taught me the importance of versatility in emergency services.

Firefighters must also be paramedics, rescuers, and crisis managers. Their ability to act

swiftly and calmly under pressure saves countless lives. I was inspired to pursue further

training in emergency response as part of my criminology education.

VIII. Integration and Interdependence of the Quad Concept

What makes the Quad Concept so effective is the way these four pillars are

integrated. Fire prevention reduces the likelihood of incidents, fire suppression

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addresses them when they occur, fire investigation learns from them, and EMRS

supports victims and stabilizes emergencies.

These components are not isolated. For example, the findings from a fire

investigation can inform future prevention campaigns. Fire drills often include rescue

simulations. The same personnel may perform multiple roles, switching from firefighter to

investigator to medic depending on the situation.

This level of coordination requires extensive training, discipline, and teamwork. I

saw how the BFP conducts regular drills, cross-trains its staff, and fosters a culture of

continuous improvement. The Quad Concept is not just a framework—it is a philosophy

of holistic service.

IX. Personal Reflections

My OJT experience with the BFP was both educational and transformative. I

came into the program expecting to learn about fire safety, but I walked away with a

deeper appreciation for public service, community responsibility, and the value of

preparedness.

The Quad Concept taught me that effective public safety is not achieved through

isolated actions but through comprehensive, integrated strategies. I saw how each

component complements the others, creating a system that is greater than the sum of its

parts.

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As a criminology student, I found numerous connections between what I studied

in class and what I saw in the field. The investigative techniques, the focus on

community outreach, and the emphasis on discipline and ethics all resonated with my

academic background. This experience strengthened my desire to serve in the field of

public safety.

X. Conclusion

In conclusion, the Quad Concept is a cornerstone of the Bureau of Fire

Protection’s operations. By combining fire prevention, fire suppression, fire investigation,

and emergency medical and rescue services, the BFP has built a robust and responsive

system that safeguards the lives and properties of the Filipino people.

As an OJT criminology student, I am grateful to have learned about this concept in such

a practical and immersive way. It has shaped my understanding of what it means to

protect and serve. I believe that the Quad Concept should continue to be strengthened

and promoted, as it embodies the core values of professionalism, dedication, and holistic

public service.

THE QUAD CONCEPT

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Philippine National Police (PNP)

As an On-the-Job Training (OJT) student from the Bachelor of Science in

Criminology program, one of the most enlightening parts of my field exposure with the

Philippine National Police (PNP) was learning about the foundational concepts that

shape its policies and operations. Among the many frameworks and systems the PNP

utilizes to perform its complex duties, the "Quad Concept" stood out as one of the most

significant. Understanding this concept gave me a deeper appreciation for how the PNP

operates holistically to uphold law and order.

The Quad Concept in the PNP refers to a strategic operational approach

composed of four key pillars: Law Enforcement, Crime Prevention, Crime Solution, and

Community Relations. These four components are interconnected and collectively serve

as the backbone of effective policing. Through my experience, observation, and

participation in various tasks and activities at the station level, I developed a clear

understanding of how these pillars work in tandem to create a safer society.

This narrative report aims to explain the Quad Concept as I have come to

understand it through practical experience during my OJT. I will elaborate on each

component, describe my firsthand experiences related to them, and provide personal

insights into how this concept contributes to the mission and vision of the PNP.

II. The Philippine National Police: Mandate and Mission

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The PNP is the principal law enforcement agency in the Philippines, mandated by

law to enforce the law, maintain peace and order, prevent and investigate crimes, and

ensure public safety and internal security. Governed by Republic Act No. 6975 (as

amended by RA 8551 and RA 9708), the PNP plays a multifaceted role in society.

As an OJT student, I saw the PNP’s work from a close-up perspective and

realized that their responsibilities go beyond patrolling the streets or arresting suspects.

Every action and decision are influenced by doctrine, policies, and principles—among

which the Quad Concept stands as a comprehensive guide to operational effectiveness.

III. The Quad Concept in the PNP

The Quad Concept is a four-pillar framework that provides a strategic direction for

the operations and programs of the Philippine National Police. The four components are:

 Law Enforcement

 Crime Prevention

 Crime Solution

 Community Relations

Each component has its own set of objectives and operational protocols, but all work

together toward a common goal: a safer and more secure Philippines.

IV. Law Enforcement

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Law enforcement is the most visible and traditional role of the PNP. It refers to

the enforcement of laws, rules, and regulations enacted by the government. This

includes apprehending violators, conducting checkpoints, enforcing traffic laws, and

implementing curfews and ordinances.

During my OJT, I was able to join police officers on patrol duties and observe

their day-to-day activities. I saw how they checked motorists, responded to emergency

calls, and apprehended individuals violating the law. It became evident that law

enforcement is not merely about punishment but about ensuring that laws are followed

to maintain social order.

One thing I learned is that effective law enforcement requires not just authority

but also professionalism, discretion, and respect for human rights. Officers must act

within the bounds of the law and exercise fairness and impartiality. My exposure helped

me understand that the public expects the police to be both enforcers and role models.

V. Crime Prevention

The second pillar, crime prevention, focuses on proactive measures to reduce the

occurrence of criminal activities. Rather than responding after a crime has occurred,

crime prevention strategies aim to deter criminal behavior through visibility, education,

and partnerships with the community.

I witnessed how the PNP implements crime prevention programs such as:

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 Increased police visibility in high-crime areas

 Barangay peacekeeping operations

 Lectures and seminars in schools about drugs, cybercrime, and bullying

 Youth engagement through sports and educational activities

As an OJT student, I participated in some of these outreach activities. One

memorable experience was assisting in a community lecture on anti-drug awareness. I

saw how engaging with young people and educating them on the consequences of drug

abuse can have a long-term preventive impact.

Crime prevention requires collaboration between the police and the community. It is

rooted in the idea that crime can be avoided when people are informed, involved, and

supported. The preventive approach resonated with me because it emphasizes long-

term solutions rather than reactive measures.

VI. Crime Solution

Crime solution, the third pillar, focuses on investigating crimes and bringing

perpetrators to justice. This includes crime scene processing, evidence gathering,

forensic analysis, suspect identification, case building, and filing charges in court.

One of the highlights of my OJT was observing actual investigations. I was

allowed to sit in during some case briefings and even helped in preparing reports. I saw

how the investigative process is a combination of science, analysis, and procedural

correctness. The Investigative Units such as the Women and Children Protection Desk

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(WCPD), Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG), and Criminal Investigation and Detection Group

(CIDG) all contribute to solving specific categories of crimes.

I learned that solving a crime is more than just catching the culprit—it involves

preserving evidence, respecting legal rights, and presenting a strong case in court. The

meticulous work of investigators inspired me to take my criminology studies seriously.

Their dedication reminded me that every solved case represents justice for a victim and

accountability for an offender.

VII. Community Relations

Community Relations is perhaps the most human-centered pillar of the Quad

Concept. It revolves around building trust, cooperation, and mutual respect between the

police and the community. The PNP recognizes that the public is not just a recipient of

police services but an active partner in public safety.

I witnessed various community policing activities during my OJT, such as:

 Police dialogues with barangay leaders

 "Adopt-a-Family" programs

 Relief distribution during calamities

 Medical and dental missions

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I also saw how the PNP conducts house-to-house visits to gather feedback from

residents and identify issues that need immediate response. These interactions showed

me how important it is for police officers to listen, empathize, and build rapport.

Community relations enhance public trust, which is essential for effective policing.

When people trust the police, they are more likely to report crimes, cooperate in

investigations, and support crime prevention efforts. I saw how officers who were

respectful, approachable, and consistent earned the community’s respect and support.

VIII. Integration of the Quad Concept

While each pillar of the Quad Concept can be studied and practiced individually,

its true power lies in integration. Law enforcement operations often lead to crime

investigations. Community relations enhance the effectiveness of crime prevention.

Crime solution activities depend on community cooperation and legal enforcement.

As an OJT student, I observed how the PNP stations integrate these components

during operations and planning. For instance, a police patrol might conduct a traffic stop

(law enforcement), distribute flyers on crime prevention (crime prevention), respond to a

witness report (crime solution), and engage in a brief conversation with a local vendor

(community relations).

This fluid integration makes the Quad Concept a living, dynamic strategy rather

than a static model. It allows the PNP to respond to the multifaceted nature of crime and

public safety.

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IX. Challenges and Limitations

While the Quad Concept is a robust framework, it is not without challenges.

During my OJT, I noticed that limited resources, understaffing, and lack of modern

equipment can hinder the implementation of some programs. In some areas, the trust

between the police and the community remains fragile due to past incidents of abuse or

neglect.

However, I also observed the PNP’s efforts to overcome these challenges

through innovation, partnership with LGUs and NGOs, and ongoing internal reforms. It

reaffirmed my belief that the system is continuously evolving and improving.

X. Personal Realizations

My exposure to the Quad Concept as an OJT student has been profoundly

educational. I came to understand that policing is not a one-dimensional job—it is a

balance of authority, compassion, vigilance, and service. The Quad Concept is not just

about procedures; it is about a mindset that prioritizes integrity, responsibility, and

community partnership.

I realized that the essence of effective law enforcement lies in teamwork and

continuous learning. Police officers are not superheroes—they are professionals shaped

by training, experience, and commitment. This experience has strengthened my resolve

to pursue a career in law enforcement, not just as a profession but as a calling to serve

and protect.

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XI. Conclusion

In conclusion, the Quad Concept of the Philippine National Police—comprising

Law Enforcement, Crime Prevention, Crime Solution, and Community Relations—serves

as a comprehensive and strategic approach to maintaining peace and order in the

country. As a criminology student undergoing OJT, I gained invaluable insights into each

of these components and saw how they come together to create an effective and

responsive police force.

Understanding the Quad Concept gave me a realistic view of what policing truly

entails. It deepened my appreciation for the complexities of law enforcement and

inspired me to contribute to the improvement of our justice system. With the right

mindset, training, and dedication, I believe that every aspiring law enforcer can uphold

the values embodied in the Quad Concept and become a positive force in society.

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ANALYSIS

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

As a Bachelor of Science in Criminology student, participating in an On-the-Job

Training (OJT) program with the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) gave me a firsthand

opportunity to witness and understand the day-to-day realities of fire prevention, fire

safety enforcement, and disaster response. Through this immersive experience, I was

able to observe how the BFP operates from within, how it interacts with the community,

and how it fulfills its mandate of ensuring public safety through fire services. This

narrative report presents my analysis of the BFP, from its structure and functions to its

strengths, challenges, and relevance in the field of criminology and public safety.

This analysis is based on my direct observations, interviews with fire personnel,

participation in drills and programs, and review of internal procedures and protocols

during the duration of my OJT. The goal is to reflect on what I have learned, assess the

effectiveness of BFP operations, and provide a realistic, student-level understanding of

its role and contributions to society.

II. Background and Legal Mandate of the BFP

The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) is a government agency under the

Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). It was established by Republic

Act No. 6975, also known as the "Department of the Interior and Local Government Act

of 1990," and later strengthened by Republic Act No. 11589 or the "Bureau of Fire

Protection Modernization Act of 2021."

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The primary functions of the BFP include:

 Preventing and suppressing all destructive fires.

 Enforcing fire safety laws and standards.

 Investigating fire incidents and arson's.

 Responding to emergencies and rescue operations.

 Conducting fire safety awareness campaigns.

These functions make the BFP a key player in maintaining public safety and disaster

resilience, especially in urban and industrial areas where fire risks are high.

Understanding this context allowed me to appreciate the broader responsibilities

entrusted to the BFP beyond just firefighting.

III. Organizational Structure and Operational Setup

During my OJT, I was assigned to a city fire station where I observed how the

BFP is structured and how personnel are deployed. A typical fire station is composed of:

The Fire Marshal, who acts as the head of the station. Operations Unit, responsible for

firefighting and emergency response.

Fire Safety Enforcement Unit, which handles inspections, permits, and legal

compliance. Administrative and Support Services, including finance, logistics, and

personnel management.

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This structure is designed to allow smooth coordination of internal functions while

ensuring quick response to public service needs. It was clear to me that each unit must

function efficiently and in harmony with others for the entire station to be effective. I

noticed how the chain of command is strictly followed, emphasizing discipline and

accountability.

IV. Training and Professional Development

One of the critical aspects I observed was the importance of continuous training

in the BFP. From physical fitness drills and firefighting simulations to lectures on legal

mandates and safety protocols, personnel are regularly trained to remain competent and

updated. The training I participated in included:

 Fire suppression drills.

 First aid and rescue techniques.

 Lecture on RA 9514 (Fire Code of the Philippines).

 Community fire prevention programs.

These trainings not only improve technical skills but also enhance coordination and

teamwork. I also noticed how the training instills discipline and preparedness in handling

different types of emergencies. The physical demands and mental stress involved in fire

and rescue operations are intense, and without proper training, the risks would be much

higher.

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V. Analysis of Key Areas of BFP Operations

1. *Fire Suppression and Emergency Response*

Fire suppression is the core function of the BFP. I observed multiple responses to

fire alarms, both actual and drills. One thing I noticed was how vital time is during a fire

response. Quick mobilization and teamwork are necessary to reduce damage and save

lives. However, response time can still be affected by factors such as traffic, outdated

equipment, or insufficient manpower.

In urban areas, access to narrow roads and informal settlements poses

significant challenges. The BFP must often navigate these constraints, making pre-

planning and community mapping essential. I also saw the importance of coordination

with local government units (LGUs) and other emergency res-ponders.

2. *Fire Safety Inspection and Compliance*

Fire safety inspections are conducted in commercial establishments, schools,

and residential areas to ensure compliance with fire safety standards. I accompanied

officers during inspection activities and observed how they check for:

 Presence and functionality of fire extinguishers and alarm systems.

 Building exits and evacuation routes.

 Compliance with fire code requirements for business permits.

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These inspections are crucial in preventing fires before they occur. However, the

challenge lies in the resistance from some establishments who view inspections as

burdensome. The BFP officers I worked with were trained to explain regulations clearly

and assertively, balancing enforcement with public education.

3. *Fire Investigation*

Investigating the cause of fire incidents is another important function. I had the

opportunity to observe how evidence is gathered from fire scenes, how witness

interviews are conducted, and how reports are written. This aspect of the BFP's work is

closely linked to criminology, especially in suspected cases of arson.

The investigation unit often collaborates with the police, especially when foul play

is suspected. Proper training in evidence preservation, interviewing techniques, and

forensic analysis is essential for accurate reporting and prosecution.

4. *Community Fire Prevention Programs*

The BFP conducts regular fire prevention campaigns, especially during Fire

Prevention Month in March. These include:

 House-to-house fire safety awareness drives.

 Lectures in schools and barangays.

 Fire drills and evacuation planning.

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As an OJT student, I participated in some of these activities, and I found them very

effective in bridging the gap between the agency and the public. Public cooperation and

awareness are essential components of fire prevention.

5. *Administrative and Logistical Operations*

Behind every emergency response is a support system handling logistics,

inventory, communication, and personnel welfare. I saw how the administrative staff

manage the maintenance of equipment, records, and scheduling. While these tasks may

not be as dramatic as fire suppression, they are equally important.

One of the challenges in this area is resource allocation. Some fire stations have

limited vehicles or outdated equipment, which hampers their operational efficiency.

Budget constraints, bureaucratic delays, and procurement issues were common topics

of discussion among the personnel.

VI. Strengths of the BFP

From my observation, the BFP has several strong points:

 Dedication and Camaraderie:* Despite limited resources, I witnessed a

high level of dedication among personnel. The bond among team

members contributes to effective teamwork.

 Public Engagement:* The BFP is visible in the community and actively

promotes fire safety through outreach programs.

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 Adaptability:* Firefighters are trained to handle a wide range of

emergencies beyond fires, including road accidents, medical

emergencies, and natural disasters.

 Structured Training:* The emphasis on continuous education and

training ensures that personnel are prepared for evolving challenges.

VII. Challenges and Areas for Improvement

However, the BFP also faces several challenges:

 Insufficient Equipment:* Many fire stations lack modern tools and

vehicles.

 Manpower Shortage:* There is often not enough personnel to cover all

shifts and operations.

 Infrastructure Constraints:* Access to fire-prone areas can be limited,

especially in informal settlements.

 Public Perception:* Some members of the public are still unaware or

dismissive of fire safety regulations.

Addressing these issues requires not only internal reforms but also support from the

national and local governments, as well as cooperation from the community.

VIII. Relevance to Criminology

As a criminology student, my exposure to the BFP showed me how closely

related fire protection is to criminal justice. Arson investigation, evidence handling, public

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safety enforcement, and inter-agency coordination are all aligned with criminological

principles. I saw how theories of crime prevention are applied in the field, especially in

fire risk reduction.

Understanding the operations of the BFP broadened my perspective on the role

of non-police agencies in maintaining peace and order. Fire protection is a critical

element in community safety, and criminologists can contribute to policy development,

investigation, and public education efforts within agencies like the BFP.

IX. Personal Insights and Learnings

My OJT with the BFP was an enriching experience that taught me the value of

public service, discipline, and resilience. I learned that effective fire protection goes

beyond extinguishing fires—it involves education, prevention, investigation, and

community collaboration.

I gained a deeper appreciation for the work of firefighters and the risks they take

every day. Their courage, teamwork, and professionalism serve as an inspiration to me

as a future public servant. I also learned that criminology is a versatile field, with

opportunities to contribute not only to law enforcement but also to emergency services

and community safety.

X. Conclusion

In conclusion, the Bureau of Fire Protection plays an essential role in ensuring

the safety and security of our communities. Through my OJT experience, I was able to

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analyze its functions, strengths, and challenges from a realistic and informed

perspective. The BFP is more than just a firefighting agency—it is a key player in public

safety, law enforcement support, and disaster risk management.

As a criminology student, I believe that understanding and supporting agencies

like the BFP is crucial in creating a holistic approach to crime prevention and community

protection. I hope that through this narrative, readers will gain a clearer picture of the

BFP's importance and be inspired to contribute to its mission in any way they can.

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ANALYSIS

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)

As a student of Bachelor of Science in Criminology, undergoing my On-the-Job

Training (OJT) with the Philippine National Police (PNP) has been one of the most

enlightening experiences in my academic life. It gave me a deeper understanding of the

practical side of policing and law enforcement, far beyond what textbooks and classroom

discussions could offer. The Philippine National Police plays a vital role in maintaining

peace, order, and public safety across the country, and this narrative report presents a

realistic analysis based on my experiences, observations, and reflections during my

OJT.

In this report, I aim to provide a detailed analysis of the organizational structure,

operational strategies, challenges, and effectiveness of the PNP from the perspective of

an aspiring criminologist. I will delve into their practices, procedures, and the day-to-day

realities of law enforcement in the Philippines. This analysis does not merely serve as a

critique but as a comprehensive look into how the PNP functions and how it impacts

society.

II. Overview of the Philippine National Police (PNP)

The Philippine National Police is the main law enforcement agency of the

government, under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). It is

mandated by Republic Act No. 6975 and Republic Act No. 8551, also known as the

"PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998." The agency is responsible for enforcing

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the law, preventing and investigating crimes, maintaining peace and order, and ensuring

public safety and internal security.

The PNP is composed of various regional, provincial, city, and municipal police

offices. It is organized hierarchically, with the Chief of the PNP at the top, supported by

Deputy Chiefs for Administration and Operations, followed by various directorates,

regional directors, and station commanders. Each level has its own specific duties and

jurisdictions, but all operate in concert to fulfill the PNP's overall mandate.

III. PNP's Core Functions and Services

Throughout my OJT, I observed the core functions of the PNP in real-world settings.

These include:

1. *Crime Prevention and Investigation* – This is one of the most visible functions of the

PNP. It involves patrolling, responding to emergencies, conducting investigations,

gathering intelligence, and arresting suspects.

2. *Traffic Management* – The PNP is involved in regulating traffic flow, apprehending

violators, and ensuring the safety of motorists and pedestrians.

3. *Maintenance of Peace and Order* – This includes responding to public disturbances,

controlling riots, managing rallies, and preventing public disorder.

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4. *Community Relations and Policing* – The PNP actively engages in community

outreach, public safety education, and barangay-level partnerships to foster

collaboration between the police and the community.

5. *Support to National Development* – The PNP assists in environmental protection,

disaster response, and other non-traditional roles like assisting other government

agencies in implementing public programs.

IV. Analysis of PNP Operations Based on OJT Experience

1. *Police Visibility and Presence*

One of the most prominent strategies of the PNP is police visibility. From my OJT, I

observed regular patrolling in high-risk areas, checkpoints, and station-based visibility

activities. This strategy aims to deter crimes and boost public confidence. However, the

effectiveness of this approach often varies depending on personnel availability, logistics,

and community cooperation.

2. *Criminal Investigation Process*

I had the opportunity to observe how crime reports are processed and how

investigations are conducted. Police investigators work diligently in gathering facts,

interviewing witnesses, and collecting evidence. The limitations in forensic technology

and funding sometimes hinder the process, but investigators often compensate with

resourcefulness and experience.

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3. *Handling of Cases and Paperwork*

A significant portion of a police officer's time is spent on documentation and report

writing. Blotter entries, investigation reports, affidavits, and case files are essential in

every case. I learned the importance of accuracy and detail in these reports, as they

could impact the outcome of judicial proceedings. However, I also noticed that

paperwork could sometimes slow down the response time to other duties.

4. *Public Relations and Human Rights Awareness*

During community outreach programs, I saw how the PNP fosters relationships with

local citizens through dialogues, information drives, and educational activities. Officers

are also trained to respect human rights, especially when dealing with arrests and

detainees. Nevertheless, there are instances where complaints of misconduct arise,

often due to misunderstanding or lack of training.

5. *Traffic Enforcement and Road Safety*

Traffic enforcement is another crucial task. Officers manage traffic flow, respond to

accidents, and enforce road safety laws. Despite their efforts, challenges remain due to

lack of manpower, uncooperative motorists, and congested urban roads. Road safety

campaigns and strategic deployments help mitigate some of these issues.

6. *Challenges in Policing*

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- *Lack of Equipment and Logistics*: Many police stations lack basic resources such as

patrol vehicles, radios, and computers.

- *Personnel Shortage*: There is often an insufficient number of officers to cover large

jurisdictions effectively.

- *Stress and Mental Health*: Policing is a high-stress job, and there are limited

programs to support officers' mental well-being.

- *Corruption and Public Distrust*: While many officers are dedicated, some bad

elements tarnish the PNP's image, leading to public skepticism.

7. *Training and Professional Development*

Training is an ongoing component of police service. I observed various training modules,

including operational procedures, human rights, and marksmanship. Continuous learning

helps officers adapt to new crimes and improve their skills. However, the training

programs are sometimes constrained by budget and scheduling conflicts.

V. Organizational Structure and Command System

The hierarchical structure of the PNP ensures discipline, coordination, and

accountability. Orders flow from the top command down to station-level officers. While

this system supports clear command lines, it can also result in bureaucratic delays,

especially when urgent decisions are needed at the grassroots level.

My observation revealed that station commanders play a critical role in

maintaining discipline, guiding personnel, and implementing policies. Leadership at this

level significantly influences the performance and morale of subordinates.

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VI. Use of Technology in Police Work

Technology is increasingly being used in law enforcement. The PNP utilizes the

e-Blotter system, crime mapping, CCTV integration, and online crime reporting

platforms. These innovations enhance efficiency and data-driven policing. However, not

all stations are equipped with the latest technology, especially in remote areas. The

uneven distribution of resources affects the quality of services delivered.

VII. Community Involvement and Trust-Building

Community engagement is a key strategy in modern policing. I witnessed

programs such as Pulis Nyo Po, Barangayanihan, and lectures in schools and

barangays. These initiatives aim to humanize the police and encourage public

cooperation.

Trust is crucial. When the community trusts the police, crime reporting increases,

cooperation improves, and policing becomes more effective. On the contrary, mistrust

leads to reluctance in seeking police help. Building trust requires transparency, empathy,

and consistent ethical conduct from officers.

VIII. Personal Learnings and Reflections

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As an OJT criminology student, my time with the PNP has been a journey of

learning and realization. I understood the complexity of police work—the need to

balance authority with empathy, to enforce the law while respecting rights, and to remain

calm in stressful situations.

I developed a newfound respect for law enforcers. Despite the challenges, many officers

remain committed to their duty. I also became aware of the areas that need reform and

improvement, such as increasing support for personnel, enhancing training programs,

and addressing systemic issues like corruption.

IX. Recommendations

Based on my experience and analysis, I offer the following recommendations:

1. *Enhance Logistics and Equipment* – Provide stations with basic resources to

improve operations.

2. *Improve Mental Health Support* – Create wellness programs and counseling for

officers.

3. *Modernize Training* – Update training modules to include digital policing, cybercrime,

and conflict resolution.

4. *Promote Community Policing* – Strengthen partnerships with communities through

consistent engagement.

5. *Uphold Human Rights and Accountability* – Enforce mechanisms to check abuses

and ensure transparency.

X. Conclusion

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The Philippine National Police plays an indispensable role in safeguarding the

Filipino people. Through my OJT, I have seen both the strengths and weaknesses of the

organization. The PNP is composed of brave and hardworking individuals who serve

under difficult circumstances. However, there is always room for growth and

improvement.

My analysis is grounded in observation, experience, and a student’s perspective.

I am confident that with continued reforms, support, and training, the PNP can further

elevate its service and strengthen its relationship with the public. This OJT has not only

enhanced my knowledge but also deepened my commitment to a future in public safety

and criminal justice.

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RECOMMENDATION

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION (BFP)

1. Strengthen Fire Prevention Education in Communities. Conduct regular fire

safety seminars in barangays, schools, and workplaces to improve public

knowledge and reduce fire incidents.

2. Improve Firefighter Physical Training and Wellness Programs. Regular

fitness training and wellness checks should be enforced to ensure firefighters

maintain peak physical condition for emergency response.

3. Enhance Inter-Agency Coordination. Strengthen partnerships with the PNP,

LGUs, and volunteer responders to ensure coordinated efforts during

disasters and emergency situations.

4. Modernize Equipment and Vehicles Invest in updated firefighting gear,

breathing apparatus, and rescue vehicles to enhance operational readiness

and safety.

5. Implement Regular Simulation Drills. Conduct more fire and disaster

simulation exercises to improve response time, preparedness, and teamwork

during real emergencies.

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6. Integrate Criminology Expertise in Arson Investigation Allow criminology

interns or graduates to assist in fire and arson investigations for better

accuracy in determining causes and suspects.

7. Improve Record-Keeping and Fire Data Management. Digitize fire reports,

inspection records, and personnel data to promote transparency and

efficiency in administrative tasks.

8. Develop Public Feedback Mechanisms. Create a system for citizens to

report fire hazards or give feedback on BFP services to improve community

trust and service delivery.

9. Encourage Continuous Learning and Specialization. Offer training

programs for firefighters to specialize in areas like urban search and rescue,

hazardous materials, or investigation.

10. Promote Mental Health Support for Personnel. Provide counseling

services or stress debriefing sessions, especially for firefighters exposed to

traumatic incidents.

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RECOMMENDATION

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)

1. Strengthen Community-Police Relations. Encourage regular dialogues, outreach

programs, and barangay visits to build trust and cooperation between the police and

local residents.

2. Promote Transparency and Accountability. Implement more visible internal monitoring

systems and body-worn cameras to ensure transparency in police operations and

interactions.

3. Intensify Human Rights and Ethical Conduct Training. Regularly update and conduct

seminars on human rights, proper conduct, and non-violent policing to avoid abuses and

misconduct.

4. Upgrade Equipment and Facilities. Invest in modern investigative tools, communication

systems, and office equipment to enhance efficiency in both field and desk work.

5. Increase Presence of Patrols in Crime-Prone Areas. Deploy more visible foot and mobile

patrols in communities to deter criminal activity and enhance police visibility.

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6. Encourage Professional Development and Specialization. Support continuing education

and specialized training for officers in fields such as cybercrime, forensic science, and

crisis negotiation.

7. Improve Handling of Complaints and Feedback. Set up accessible and responsive

feedback channels where citizens can report concerns or commendations regarding

police service.

8. Promote Physical and Mental Wellness Programs. Support the well-being of officers by

implementing regular physical fitness assessments and mental health support systems.

9. Strengthen Youth Engagement Programs. Develop programs like youth police

academies or school partnerships to promote crime prevention and positive law

enforcement awareness.

10. Integrate Criminology Interns in More Investigative Tasks. Allow OJT students to assist

in actual documentation, case studies, or observation of investigations to enhance their

field exposure and contribution.

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PART III
APPENDICES

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APPENDIX “A”

CERTIFICATE

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

RAMON FIRE STATION

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CERTIFICATE

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

PNP RAMON STATION

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CERTIFICATE

ON-THE-JOB-TRAINING

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APPENDIX ‘’B’’

DOCUMENTATIONS

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

RAMON FIRE STATION

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