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Chapter 7

Chapter 7 discusses genetic variation and inheritance, emphasizing how traits are influenced by both genes and the environment. It explains natural selection, using examples like antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the adaptation of peppered moths during the Industrial Revolution. Key takeaways include the consistent inheritance of genetic traits and the impact of human activities on evolution.

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6 views1 page

Chapter 7

Chapter 7 discusses genetic variation and inheritance, emphasizing how traits are influenced by both genes and the environment. It explains natural selection, using examples like antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the adaptation of peppered moths during the Industrial Revolution. Key takeaways include the consistent inheritance of genetic traits and the impact of human activities on evolution.

Uploaded by

arifull.islam9666
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science: Chapter 7

Genetic Variation and Inheritance


• Mode: Most common number of leaflets.
• Mean: Average number of leaflets (sum/number).
• Genetic Variation: Differences in traits, like leaflet number, due to genes.
• DNA & Traits: DNA controls traits (e.g., horn shape in goats).
• Unique DNA: Each zygote has a unique DNA combination.
• Genetic Inheritance: Traits passed down through DNA, causing family similarities.
• Genes: Determine inherited traits like coat color in goats.
• Environment: Affects traits (e.g., size) along with genes.

Example: Goats
• Coat Color: Genetic.
• Size: Affected by both genes and environment (e.g., food).
Activity: Measuring Wrist Circumference
• Method: Measure and categorize wrist sizes.
• Analysis:
o Genes only: Inherent bone structure.
o Environment only: Physical activity/nutrition.
o Both: Growth influenced by genes and external conditions.

Natural Selection

• Process: Traits improving survival become more common.


• Stable Environment: Little change if already adapted.
• Changing Environment: Traits evolve based on new advantages.
• Evolution: Driven by advantageous traits passed down.

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

• Resistance: Bacteria mutate and survive despite antibiotics.


• Development: Mutations allow resistance, leading to survival of resistant bacteria.
• Prevention: Avoid overuse, use antibiotics correctly, complete the course.

Peppered Moths and Natural Selection

• Background: Pale moths blend with lichen, dark moths are visible on light trunks.
• Industrial Revolution: Pollution darkens trees, favoring dark moths.
• Outcome: Dark moths became more common in polluted areas.
• Scientific Evidence: Birds spot moths easier based on background color.

Key Takeaways

• Genetic Traits: Inherited consistently.


• Environmental Factors: Influence traits but don’t change DNA.
• Natural Selection: Drives evolution by favoring advantageous traits.
• Human Impact: Pollution and antibiotic use affect evolution and natural selection.

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