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WEEK 5-6 LOADING ANALYSIS

The document outlines a civil engineering design project focused on loading analysis for roof trusses and beams. It covers types of loads, calculations for water tank loading, and methods for analyzing and sizing roof beams. Key objectives include arranging trusses, calculating reactions on beams, and determining beam dimensions based on loading conditions.

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2022499624
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3 views29 pages

WEEK 5-6 LOADING ANALYSIS

The document outlines a civil engineering design project focused on loading analysis for roof trusses and beams. It covers types of loads, calculations for water tank loading, and methods for analyzing and sizing roof beams. Key objectives include arranging trusses, calculating reactions on beams, and determining beam dimensions based on loading conditions.

Uploaded by

2022499624
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ECS 358

CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT

LOADING ANALYSIS
WEEK 5 & 6
At the end of this lesson, student should be
able (CO1:PO3):

Arrange the roof truss accordingly on the


roof beam.

Transfer loads from the roof to each truss.

Calculate loading from the trusses obtain


the reactions that will act on the roof beam.

Calculate water tank loading on roof slab.

Analysis the roof beam


INTRODUCTION

LOADING TYPES

LOAD ON TRUSSES

WATER TANK LOADS

ROOF BEAM LOAD ANALYSIS


I
Roof truss can be define as a structure N
comprising one or more triangular units T
constructed with straight members whose R
ends are connected at joints referred to as O
nodes. D
U
External forces and reactions to those forces
C
are considered to act only at the nodes and
result in forces in the members which are T
either tensile or compressive forces. I
O
N
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
L
Loading Type Sources
O
Permanent Action permanent finishes, ceiling, services, A
insulation, water tanks D
I
Variable Action People, light storage, wind loads
N
Wind Action Depends on location, seasonal, G
probability, building height etc.

Environmental Snow, seismic, temperature T


Action Y
P
E
Unfavaroublae L
Expression Permanent Actions
Self-weight
Unfavarouble Variables Actions
Imposed floor loads Wind loads Snow loads*
O
6.10 γG,j,sup = 1.35 γQ,1 = 1.50 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 A
γG,j,sup = 1.35 γQ,iΨ0,i = 1.05 γQ,1 = 1.50 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 D
γG,j,sup = 1.35 γQ,iΨ0,i = 1.05 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 γQ,1 = 1.50

F
6.10a+ γG,j,sup = 1.35 γQ,1Ψ0,i = 1.05 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75
A
γG,j,sup = 1.35 γQ,iΨ0,i = 1.05 γQ,1Ψ0,i = 0.75 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75
γG,j,sup = 1.35 γQ,iΨ0,i = 1.05 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 γQ,1Ψ0,i = 0.75
C
6.10b ξγG,j,sup = 1.25 γQ,1 = 1.50 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 T
ξγG,j,sup = 1.25 γQ,iΨ0,i = 1.05 γQ,1 = 1.50 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 O
ξγG,j,sup = 1.25 γQ,iΨ0,i = 1.05 γQ,iΨ0,i = 0.75 γQ,1 = 1.50 R
LOAD
ON
TRUSSES
How to calculate load on trusses?
1. Setup the roof truss arrangement to support the roof
system.

*Recognize the arrangement from the architectural plan


26 m

10 m
2. Propose the truss layout on the roof plan, so that the roof
can be constructed. 26 m 56.8kN
C1 C2
26/4 = 6.5

Roof beam
10 m

C3 C4
4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 2m
Measure the
length of this
two red lines!
3. Propose the roof beam to support the trusses system.

56.8kN

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
T1
LOAD ON TRUSSES
PERMANENT ACTION:
ELEMENTS SELF-WEIGHT
Joist and insulation 0.2 kN/m2
Purlins 0.3 kN/m2 @ 1.5m c/c
Ceiling and services 0.15 kN/m2
Services 0.1 kN/m2
Asphalt waterproofing 0.45 kN/m2
Total = 1.2 kN/m2
VARIABLES ACTION:

ELEMENTS SELF-WEIGHT
No access 0.75 kN/m2
With access 1.5 kN/m2
Loading Type Magnitude
Water tank 230-300 L
Light storage load (imposed 250 N/mm2 – carried by
load) bottom tie
Heavy storage load (imposed 750 N/mm2 – carried by
load) bottom tie

Tiles 0.55 kN/m2


Battens and felt 0.05 kN/m2
Truss selfweight 0.23 kN/m2
Ceiling board 0.15 kN/m2
Insulation 0.02 kN/m2
4. To design a roof beam, we have to calculate the dead
and imposed load acting on the truss.

1.2 + 0.07 = 1.27

= 0.75

Design Load=1.35gk+1.5qk X=Design load x distance


=1.35(1.27)+1.5(0.75) = 2.84 x 4
=2.84 kN/m2 =11.36 kN/m(UDL)
11.36 kN/m
R1=R2=(11.36x10)/2
10m =56.8 kN
R1=56.8 kN R2=56.8 kN
LOAD ON BEAM

56.8kN 56.8kN
5. Run structural analysis to find reaction; R1& R2.

6. Then transfer the reactions to the roof beams.

56.8kN 56.8kN 56.8kN 56.8kN 56.8kN 56.8kN


R1,T1 R2,T2 R3,T3 R4,T4 R5,T5 R6,T6

RB1=26m
WATER TANK LOAD CALCULATION
 Permanent Action
Self-weight of the water tank
Water tank size = 1 m x 1 m x 1 m
Wall thickness = 3 mm
Steel density = 7860 kg/m3
Plastic density = 12,455 kg/m3

Variables Action
Weight of the water
Water density = 1000 kg/m3
Gravity = 9.81 m/s2
LOAD DISTRIBUTION

WATER
TANK
ROOF BEAM
ANALYSIS
Calculate the Vmax & Mmax considering all points load on
the roof beam which will be used for beam design.

Analysis the beam using Moment Distribution Method


for continuous beam.

Draw the shear force diagram and bending moment


diagram.
DETERMINATION OF ROOF BEAM SIZE:

Commonly, the size is smaller compared with the floor


beams.

Based on deflection criteria.

B
ESTIMATION OF ROOF BEAM SIZE:

 Estimate the UDL acting on the beam and the


reaction from the truss(if any)
 Assume the ends of the roof beam is simply
supported
 Calculate the max shear force and its max
bending moment
 Determine the width (b) from the given
manual
 Determine the overall height of the beam (h)
based on this formula
How to determine beam size?

Parameter required:
 Cover to the reinforcement

 Breadth (b)

 Effective depth (d)

 Overall depth (d)

 Span depth-ration is should be in range 14-30 but for large


spans the ratios can be grater.
 A suitable breadth may be 1/3 to ½ of the depth, but it may
be much less for a deep beam.
Example: Beam Sizing

1) Need to check span-effective depth


ratio.(Mosley: page 133-135)
2) Preliminary analysis and member
sizing. (Mosley: page 171-173)

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